is given variously by different authors: fi al-Hikma (as in Ibn KathÄ«r and HÄji. KhÄlifah); fi Ilm ... refuting the falÄsifa and mutakallimÅ«n in his Dar? Ta Ärud al-Aql wa ...
! Syamsuddin Arif
I. Introduction
I
n his classic essay published in 1951, Ignaz Goldziher made a strong case for the negative attitude of orthodox Muslim scholars towards the so-called ancient
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for one’s well-being in this world and in the Afterlife, the family matters, the necessity of government, popular obedience, and morality — all this is not discussed )0RB *' 0R & &
on the possibility of miracles and the controversy surrounding the status of the
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31
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