Nov 18, 2011 ... David J. Powers & Associates, Inc. is a Certified Green Business .... SLA
obligations for data centers typically require power to be available all ...
==~ DAVID J. POWERS
& ASSOCI,ATES. INC. B~~
':~~ -\11:,~(Cl~ill(:~~) h\~) ~}cJ:hic..· ,,~ ... t~' ":~ i I 'l)1~~: ~;'l~)
November 18,2011
DOCKET
Dockets Unit California Energy Commission 1516 Ninth Street, MS 4 Sacramento, CA 95814
'l-S -0 DATE NOV f 8 2011
RECD~OV
22 2011
Re: Santa Clara SC-l Data Center, Application for Small Power Plant Exemption Response to Informal Data Requests Dear Docket Unit Clerk: Pursuant to requests from members of the staff of the California Energy Commission, Xeres Ventures LLC hereby submits the enclosed responses to informal data requests regarding the SPPE Application for the Santa Clara SC-l Data Center project in Santa Clara, California. One hard copy and one CD are being provided for filing. The attached responses address the technical information needed for a Visible Plume and Plume Velocity Analysis by the California Energy Commission and supplemental Air Quality information for the proposed 16 emergency backup generators and cooling towers used for building cooling at the Santa Clara SC-l Data Center. Please contact me if additional information or clarification of the data is needed.
Sincerely,
~1J~ Nora Monette Principal Project Manager
c.c. w/enclosures Robert Worl, CEC Project Manager
Richard Waddell, DuPont Fabros/Xeres Ventures LLC
Monica Schwebs, Bingham McCutchen
---
Green Business Sanb oatil ec.mty
David J. Powers & Associates, Inc. is a Certified Green Business 1871 The Alameda • Suite 200 • San Jose, CA 95126 Tel: 408-248-3500 • Fax: 408-248-9641 • www.davidjpowers.com
SANTA CLARA SC-1 DATA CENTER INFORMATION REQUESTS Technical Area: Air Quality Author: Joseph Hughes Project Modeling BACKGROUND Operational emission air dispersion modeling needs to be evaluated to determine if it demonstrates project compliance with all ambient air quality standards, including the new Federal 1-hour NO2 standard. Staff is interested in modeling parameters that reflect permitted emissions and operation. Emission factors should reflect load percentages and emissions likely to occur during testing and maintenance scenarios as allowed in the Authority to Construct permits. CLARIFICATION ISSUE 1.
Please provide the operations modeling analysis, which includes all on-site operations emission sources that represent expected worst case operational impacts (not emergency situations). Alternatively, if you want us to get the information from the air district, please let us know.
Sierra Research conducted an air quality impacts analysis for compliance with both the federal 1-hour NO2 National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) and the California 1-hour NO2 standard. Sierra’s initial modeling results were presented in a report submitted to BAAQMD entitled “NO2 Air Quality Impact Analysis & Diesel Particulate Health Risk Assessment for Xeres Ventures, LLC, Santa Clara Data Center, Santa Clara, California”, October 2009 (Attachment A). This analysis considered both non-emergency operations at various load levels (operation of one engine for: 30-minute test runs at 75%, 50% and 25% loads; load-banked startup at 100%, 75% and 50% loads; uncontrolled startup at 25% load; and controlled operation at 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% loads), as well as emergency operations (operation of all 32 engines for: 30-minute emergencies at 75% and 50% load; emergency startup at 75% and 50% loads; and controlled emergency operation at 75% and 50% load). At BAAQMD’s request, Sierra Research performed more refined modeling analysis for compliance with the 1-hour NO2 NAAQS and California ambient air quality standard, as summarized in a memorandum dated March 12, 2010, “OneHour NO2 Air Quality Impact Analysis and Health Risk Assessment for Xeres Ventures Santa Clara Data Center” (Attachment B). BAAQMD reviewed these analyses and the underlying modeling filed and confirmed their results. Specifically with respect to the 1-hour NO2 NAAQS, BAAQMD’s Engineering Evaluation Report provides as follows: b) Federal 1-hour NAAQS for NO2 The Applicant's refined NO2 modeling, described above, also indicates that the project will not result in a violation of the new 1-hour national ambient air quality standard for NO2, which is expressed as the 8th highest 1-hour concentration in any year, not to exceed 188 µg/m3. Further discussion of this finding can also be found in the District's addendum to the Mitigated Negative Declaration (see Appendix E of Santa Clara SC-1 Data Center Application for Small Power Plant Exemption, November 2011). Engineering Evaluation Report, Xeres Ventures LLC, P#18801, July 7, 2010, prepared by Tamiko Endow (BAAQMD Air Quality Engineer) at p. 12. The Engineering Evaluation Report is provided in Appendix I of the Santa Clara SC-1 Data Center Application for Small Power Plant Exemption (SPPE). November 2011
1
Santa Clara SC-1 Data Center Data Requests
SANTA CLARA SC-1 DATA CENTER INFORMATION REQUESTS The referenced Addendum to the Mitigated Negative Declaration confirms this conclusion as follows: The modeling also shows that the project will not result in a violation of the new federal 1-hour NO2 NAAQS (188 µg/m3, based on the 3-year average of the 98th percentile or 8th highest 1hour NO2 concentrations in any year). Addendum to Mitigated Negative Declaration, Santa Clara SC-1 Data Center Project (Xeres Ventures, LLC), June 15, 2010, at 4 . The Addendum to the Mitigated Negative Declaration is included in Appendix E of the Santa Clara SC-1 Data Center Application for SPPE.
Project Engine Testing BACKGROUND Staff wants to know the minimum readiness testing requirements (minutes per week) to meet the engine availability requirements. This will help staff estimate realistic (rather than permitted) engine operation and expected impacts. CLARIFICATION ISSUE 2.
Please provide information on the minimum readiness testing requirements to meet the engine availability requirements. Please identify the source of the requirements (e.g., NFPA, reliability agreements or specification, insurance, local fire, etc,),
The minimum readiness testing requirements for the data center are what Xeres Ventures believes are necessary to meet its Service Level Agreement (“SLA”) obligations to those who lease space from the data center. SLA obligations for data centers typically require power to be available all the time, with substantial reductions in lease payments applied for failure to meet the agreed availability standard. The SLA is the foundation of the business operation, and requires all support systems be available to attain the performance standards. These standards can only be met through periodic test regimens. Xeres Ventures developed estimates of the amount of time that it would have to be able to test the backup generators and electrical distribution equipment in Santa Clara SC-1 in order to meet its typical SLA obligations. These estimates were used to develop the limits in the BAAQMD Authority to Construct Permit issued in July 2010.
November 2011
2
Santa Clara SC-1 Data Center Data Requests
Attachment A NO2 Air Quality Impact Analysis October 2009
rH NO2
Air Quality Impact Analysis Particulate Health Risk
Diesel
Assessment
for Xeres
Ventures LLC
Santa Clara Data Center Santa Clara California
Submitted
by
Xeres Ventures LLC
Washington
D.C
October 2009
prepared
Sierra
1801
by
Research Inc Street
Sacramento
916
California 95811
444-6666
NO2 AIR QUALITY IMPACT ANALYSIS DIESEL PARTICULATE HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT for
XERES VENTURES LLC SANTA CLARA DATA CENTER SANTA CLARA CALIFORNIA
Submitted
by LLC
Xeres Ventures
Washington
DC
October 2009
Prepared
by
Sierra Research
1801 Sacramento
916
Inc
Street California 95811
444-6666
-p
EXECUTIVE SUM11ARY
In
November 2007 Xeres Ventures
Quality
new
Management
to
install
an application
filed
District for Authority to
be constructed
to
thirty-two
City of Santa
Environmental issued
32
with the Bay Area Air
Construct
ATC
Santa Clara California
in
diesel emergency
permits
for
Xeres Ventures
and four permit-exempt
generators
Negative
does not require an
standards
the
an
AQIA for
contain
health
risk
diesel particulate
risk
This
report evaluates
hour
NO2 AAQS
emissions
proposed SC
AAQS
compliance
an
or
AQIA
process
even though
for
Furthermore
AQIA that
health
from the emergency
the District
this
ambient
showed an
air
apparent
the original permit
demonstrating
emissions
project of
with the national
NO2 the
HRA
DPM
analysis
permitting
risks
type
and
quality
exceedance
application associated
did not
with
would comply
generators
thresholds
of the proposed SC1 project with the California one-
compliance
and with the Districts
associated
would not cause
its
dioxide
assessment
matter
with the Districts
as part of
NO2
in
quality impact
nitrogen
of the California 1-hour
review
Declaration
demonstrated
AQIA
AAQS
air
Lead Agency with respect to the California The City prepared an Initial Study and March 2008 The November 2007 ATC
the role of
CEQA
Act
Quality
contained
While
assumed
Clara
Mitigated
application
size
LLC
heaters
space
The
SC
data center
proposed
District
with non-emergency exceedance
data center
health
operation
of the 1-hour
project
risk thresholds
are below
NO2
The
AQIA
of the proposed
AAQS
the Districts
The
health
SC1
indicates
data
center
risks for the
risk thresholds
that
fl
NO2 AIR QUALITY IMPACT ANALYSIS DIESEL PARTICULATE HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT for
XERES VENTURES LLC SANTA CLARA DATA CENTER SANTA CLARA CALIFORNIA Table of Contents Page
EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION Facility Information
Background Project Description
Equipment
Description
Operations
EMISSION ASSESSMENT Maximum
Hourly
Maximum
Annual
NOx
Emissions
Diesel
Particulate
Matter Emissions
NO2 AIR QUALITY IMPACT ANALYSIS
Source
Model
12 14
Data
Building
11 11
Project Location Dispersion
10
Downwash
17
MeteorologicalData
17
Receptor Grids
18
Ambient
Air Quality
DIESEL PARTICULATE Dose-Response
18
Impacts
SCREENING RISK ASSESSMENT
Assessment
20 20
Exposure Assessment
20
Risk Characterization
22
Conclusions
22
Appendix
Equipment
Appendix
Emission
Specifications Calculations
11
List of Figures
Figure
Page
Figure
Location
Figure
Site
Figure
Wind Rose
Figure
Location
Map
Santa
Clara Data
Center
Santa Clara Data Center
Plan
San Jose
of
Maximum
Airport
Station
Meteorological
Exposed
13
Individuals
23
List of Tables
Table
Page
Table
Emergency Generator Design
Table
Uncontrolled
Table
Controlled
Table
Startup
Table
30-Minute
Table
DPM
Emissions
Table
Stack
Characteristics
NOx NOx
NOx
Emissions
Emissions
Emissions
NOx
Specifications
from an Emergency
from an Emergency
from an Emergency
Emissions
and
NOx
Generator
Generator
from an Emergency
from an Emergency
Generator
Generator
10
Generator
Emission
Rates
10
Non-Emergency 15
Operation
Table
Stack
Characteristics
and
NOx
Emission
Rates
Emergency
Table
Stack
Characteristics
and
NOx
Emission
Rates
Commissioning
Table 10 Building/Structure
Dimensions
Table 11 Project Air Quality Table 12 Total Impacts Table 13 Stack
to
17
18
Impacts
Ambient Air
16
17
Quality
Characteristics
Table 14 Modeled
Operation
Non-Emergency
Operation
19 21 21
Impacts
Table 15 Risk Characterization
22
111
INTRODUCTION
Facility
Information
Owner
Xeres Ventures
Mailing Address
1212
New
LLC
York Avenue
DC
Washington
20005
535 Reed Street
Facility Address
Santa
CA
Clara
General Business
Data Center
Contact
Dan
95054
Hopkins
Director Data Center Operations
DuPont Fabros Technologies
202
538-4638
Inc
Sierra Research
Consultants
1801
Street California
Sacramento Contact
916
95811
Dan Welch
444-6666
Background
In
November 2007 Xeres Ventures
Inc
DFT
District
filed
for
in
constructed diesel
Act
Quality
Negative
original
and an
CEQA
Declaration
air
ATC
in
AQIA
application
permitting
monoxide
or
analysis
demonstrated compliance
exceedance
an
new
to
install
to
The
heaters
the California
Initial
District
SC
data center
to
be
thirty-two
32
City of Santa
Environmental
Study and issued
process
CO and
contain
for
even though the
nitrogen
dioxide
NO2
risk
District
of this type
project
with the national
health
forms drawings
application
AQIA
of the California one-hour did not
respect
prepared
contained
as part of
for carbon
with
Agency The City
AQIA
its
Management
Mitigated
March 2008
application
quality impact
for
permits
and four permit-exempt space
the role of Lead
review
of DuPont Fabros Technology
Xeres Ventures proposed
Clara California
generators
emergency
Clara assumed
The
Santa
ATC
Construct
to
subsidiary
with the Bay Area Air Quality
an application
Authority
LLC
ambient
NO2 the
AAQS
assessment
air
does not require an
and size
While the
quality standards
AQIA
Furthermore
HRA
emission estimates
showed an
AAQS
apparent
the original permit
demonstrating that health
associated
risks
comply
This
with
with toxic
report demonstrates
AAQS and
with
TAC
contaminant
air
the Districts
from the project would
emissions
risk thresholds
of the proposed SC1 project with the
compliance
the Districts
health
risk thresholds
during
1-hour
non-emergency
NO2
operation
Project Description
The proposed SC1 Street
just
illustrated
west of the San Jose in
UPS
supply
will install
will be located
Figure to
assure that
the following
Thirty-two
International
The SC1 the
diesel-fired
Four
32 selective NOx emissions from
The
1.4
natural gas-fired
114.1.2 fired
space
heaters
natural
space heaters
of Rule 2-1 General
heaters
kW
rated less
than
has
electrical
SCR
the emergency space
generators
systems
MMBtufhr
Therefore
-2-
to
control
nitrogen
heaters
will be permit-exempt devices
further in these
as
generators and
Requirements
were not addressed
Santa Clara California
power power supply Xeres Ventures with the SC1 project
which
10
in
and Reed
Cruz Boulevard
reliable
reduction
gas-fired
DeLa
redundant uninterruptible
emergency
catalytic
MMBtuhr
Airport include
in conjunction
2250
Thirty-two oxides
project
will
data center
equipment
of
the intersection
at
pursuant
exempts from permitting the proposed
analyses
natural
to
Section natural
gas-fired
gas
Figure Location
Map
Santa Clara Data Center
5g10E
7k
3-
Equipment
Description
The 32 emergency generators will The emergency generators will be Detroit
Diesel
electrical
The
generator
to
Control
Measure
for
pollution control
compression
emergency
generator
Boards
Ignition
on each engine will consist of an
controls
of NOx emissions installed on the engine exhaust the
through
SCR
oxidation-reduction
The SC1
project
operation
of
reaction
will
Equipment Engineering
ammonia and
will convert
also include
load
which
bank
generator
The proposed
specifications
scheduled
is
locations
for the
the
system
emergency in
designed
generators
Manufacturer
Generator
NOx to
nitrogen
for
gas
are
generators
non-emergency
Model Generator/Engine
at
shown
Figure
Engine Fuel
Diesel
6V4000G83 Diesel
Generator
Power Output
Work
2250
Consumption
Heat Input Rate
Rate
163.6
HIV
gal/hr
MMBtu/hr
22.9
Exhaust Flow Rate
17832 wacfin
Exhaust Temperature
940
Exhaust Pipe Diameter Exhaust Pipe Exit Height
kW
3350 bhp
Output
18
Above Grade
-4-
inches
54.5 feet
in
in Table
Specifications
Fuel
system
operation
are summarized
Detroit
and water
SCR
the
non-emergency
MTU
Generator/Engine
90% will
and the catalyzed
Appendix
Design
air
obtain
to
Table
Emergency
Toxic
Engine exhaust
piping
startup period
for longer
emissions
Post-combustion
will allow full load
of the emergency
are contained
specifications
CARBs Airborne
urea will be injected
single engine in order to shorten
the emergency
reduced load
into which
reactor
more
not
District-required
Engines
SCR
with
ignition design
will be operated
and testing excluding
Compression
Stationary
engine will drive
four-stroke
Each
the California Air Resources
pursuant
when
are
engines
UPS 3350 bhp MTU each 2250 kW for the primary
power
with Diesel
exclusively
combustion
50 hours per year for maintenance
testing
pass
fueled
internal
and intercooling
turbocharging than
16V4000G83
redundant backup
provide
//
/7
Site Plan
Figure
-5-
Santa Clara Data Center
____________P
1TE
PLAN
PASF
rwnPDsRI
tWA
DATA CENTSR SANTA CLARA
Sc
GOG
EMISSION
The SC1
project will emit affected
diesel particulate
Hourly
NOx
maximum Annual
DPM
Maximum Hourly emissions
the
show
at
generator engine
emergency
Sd
to
characterize
project
characterize
to
generators
for uncontrolled
will never be operated
below
well
NOx
50%
emissions
operation controlled
manufacturer output
the health
operation
emission calculations
more than 30 minutes without
uncontrolled
emissions
of non-emergency calculated
3350 bhp
are presented
were
obtained
emissions
are summarized
generator
load
were
loads
Maximum
rate of
for
at
were
operation
load
from
calculated
based upon
NOx
Spreadsheets
full
containing
from an Emergency
NOx
detailed
Engine Load
g/kW-hr
Generator
Emissions
g/bhp-hr
lb/hr
100%
3350
7.174
5.35
39.5
75%
2513
5.631
4.20
23.3
50%
1675
5.175
3.86
14.2
25%
838
4.747
3.54
6.53
Notes from
MTU
Detroit
Diesel the engine
.7-
manufacturer
load
from an
emissions
in Appendix
NOx Emissions
from
bhp NOx emission MTU Detroit Diesel the
Table Uncontrolled
to
emissions
in
Uncontrolled hourly in Table
the use of
are presented
l00%/75%/50%/25%
and the engine work output
in g/bhp-hr l00%/75%/50%/25%
factors
Obtained
the
and
Operation
hourly
work
generators
operation
system except
emission
and
Emissions
the basis for subsequent calculation
Uncontrolled
factors
NOx
NOx
to
project
characterized
were
the generators
SCR
SC
limited
only the following
with the
from the emergency
with the
Hourly
Uncontrolled
impacts
associated
not
but
including
This report addresses
emissions
and 30-minute
Though
NO2
hourly
pollutants
from the emergency
emissions
associated
risks
startup
DPM
matter
ASSESSMENT
Controlled
Controlled efficiency but
Operation
NOx
hourly for the
calculated
Controlled
system
SCR
once the
rather operation
from an emergency detailed emission
emissions were
SCR
system
is
generator
are presented
reflect
in Table
control conditions
startup
Controlled
operating
are summarized
calculations
do not
NOx
90%
assuming
emissions
hourly
Spreadsheets
NOx
emissions
containing
in Appendix
Table Controlled
NOx
from an Emergency
Emissions
NOx Engine Load
Uncontrolled
Emissions
Generator
lb/hr
Eff
Control
Controlled
100%
39.5
90%
3.95
75%
23.3
90%
2.33
50%
14.2
90%
1.42
25%
6.53
90%
0.65
Notes Presented Routine
Table
in
previously
emissions
SCR
system fully
operational
i.e
excludes
startup
Startup
During heated
startup to
its
NOx
design
uncontrolled
emissions
temperature
operating
and controlled
SCR
Uncontrolled
and controlled
respectively
Xeres Ventures
operate start
up more
startup times
load
rates
at
startup to
proposing
startup emissions
load and
calculations at
the required
reducing
estimated
load back
75%
and
operation to
install
startup
emissions
at
loads
but
full-load to
the
in
quickly
-8-
heat
SCR
Startup
the
system
NOx
to to
emissions
SCR
emissions
containing
Load-banking
would yield higher
25%
generator
emissions during
Spreadsheets
Appendix
and
subsequent operating
hour of operation in Table
load
from uncontrolled
similarly calculated
first
are presented
NOx
hour
first
in Tables
allow
to
which will enable the
at
from
over the
previously
bank
is
catalyst
0O%/75%/50%125%
for
load
emission rates
are summarized
50%
appropriately
DFT
SCR
calculated
were
will better control
were
controlled
over the
by
while the
were presented to
minutes and
15
generator
detailed emission emissions
is
appropriately
from an emergency
due
i.e
full
load apportioned
were
NOx emissions
upon non-emergency
quickly
Load-banked
startup emission
Startup
emission rates apportioned
of operation
at full
will be uncontrolled
initially
will at
reduce
25%
system prior
to
load
Table Startup
NOx
from an Emergency
Emissions Startup
Duration
Generator
NOx
Startup
mm_a
Emissions
lb/br
Engine
W/o Load
Load
Bank
Bank
100%
15
75%
w/
Load
Load
w/o
wI Load
Bank
Bank
15
12.8
12.8
30
15
12.8
11.6
50%
60
15
14.2
10.9
25%
60
15
6.53
10.4
Notes Startup
duration
in
and
Tables
at
at
not
will
emissions
Therefore apportioned
containing
than
30-minute
75%
than
over
NOx test
previously
the
over
at
first
hour
the
full
At
first
presented
and
load
previously
previously
hour of operation controlled
in
emission
and
Tables
of operation
for
up
operation would non-emergency
30 minutes of non-emergency
Thirty-minute
with and without load-banking
operation
NOx
-9-
in
30
or greater
for 30 minutes
emission rates
Uncontrolled
are summarized are presented
startups plus
yield comparable
from uncontrolled
over 30 minutes of operation
detailed emission calculations
to
these lower loads load-banked
were calculated
in Table
system is operational
rates
Emissions
uncontrolled
emissions
rates
emission
load presented
the generators
load
non-emergency
would
appropriately
were presented generator
frequently
more
minutes of controlled
NOx
Operation
emission
operating
appropriately
Thirty-Minute
operation
appropriately
SCR
the
until
and controlled
apportioned
the subsequent
apportioned
Xeres Ventures
from ignition
the time
from uncontrolled
Calculated rates
is
from uncontrolled
Calculated
NOx
emissions
emissions from an emergency in Table
Appendix
Spreadsheets
Table
NOx
30-Minute
from an Emergency
Emissions
NOx Engine Load
Emissions
Generator
lb/hr
Load-Banked
Uncontrolled
N/A
100%
N/A
75%
11.0
11.6
50%
10.6
7.12
25%
10.2
3.27
Notes from uncontrolled
Calculated
load for 15
full
Table
the subsequent
at
emission
as presented
emission load for
operating
from uncontrolled
Calculated
rate
and controlled
minutes
emission
rates
in
previously as presented
rates
Table
at in
previously
30 minutes presented
in
previously
Table
for
30 minutes
Maximum
Particulate
100% PM10
matter
DPM were
Annual
obtained
emissions
limit
operating
to
Engines Spreadsheet
were
calculated
excluding
emissions
containing
calculated
at
was assumed
load
full
engine
emissions
Measure
from an emergency
load
bhp
output
rate
is
Compression
presented
in
Emissions
from an Emergency
DPM Engine Load
Generator
Emissions
g/kW-hr
g/bhp-hr
lb/hr
lb/yr
0.065
0.049
0.36
17.9
75%
2513
0.092
0.069
0.38
19.0
50%
1675
0.185
0.138
0.51
25.5
25%
838
0.382
0.285
0.53
26.3
Notes Detroit
Diesel the engine manufacturer -10-
generators Ignition
Appendix
3350
MTU
and testing
in Table
100%
Obtained from
bhp
from the
conditions
are summarized
generator
from
Hourly
of 3350
Table
DPM
load
PM10 emission
for emergency
testing
for Stationary
detailed emission calculations
in
CARB maintenance
and the 50-hour-per-year
Control
comprise
manufacturer
work
100% and 15%
for the
to
100%/75%/50%/25%
Diesel the generator
District-required
the Airborne Toxic
DPM
Detroit
based upon
hourly emissions
corresponding
pursuant
calculated
PM10
and the engine work output
in gfbhp-hr
MTU
in diameter
were
emissions
from
Matter Emissions
Particulate
10 microns
DPM
factors
were
emissions
Diesel
than
less
Hourly
emission
factors
Annual
NO2 AIR QUAlITY IMPACT ANALYSIS
An AQIA modeling
with non-emergency and
data center
AAQS
The
District
Sd
provided
Sierra with electronic
of
copies
This
analysis
section
AQIA
e.g
periods
NO2
to
describes
The
impacts
input files which
impacts
NO2
which focused only upon one-hour
added
with the
analysis of the
modeling
were
e.g
used
to
carbon monoxide scope of
the
beyond
District
subsequently
the methods
Other pollutants
NO2
annual
associated
operation comply
one-hour
modeling
its
District
when
concentrations
dispersion
evaluated
and the subsequent results
and other averaging analysis
which
project
formed the basis for Sierras perform the
performed
previously
proposed
data center
NO2
with
concentrations
of impacts from non-emergency
the case
in
these ambient
accordance
emissions from the proposed SC1
emergency and commissioning determine whether
to
levels
background
in
ambient one-hour
characterize
to
guidelines
impacts was performed
NO2
for one-hour
this
impacts
Project Location
SC1
will be located
Airport
on approximately 17.3 acres west of the San Jose
The
in Figure
approximately 52
is
the project
surrounding
industrial
including terrain
The
mild winters Clara Valley
the high
70s
to
SC
i.e
the
lowlands
to
20 inches
is
the
west
the
to
Pacific
High
north-south
summer
Hawaii bringing
the
between
to
its
Desert
summer
allowing
wind and rain
to
climatic
the Diablo the
south
40W
position
originating
During
air to
The
mix of
and
land
Clara Valley
At
the
northern
range from
temperatures
the winter
summer
the
from 13 inches
ranging
controls
Range
to
the San
50W
the east
11
the
low
the convergence
Francisco
Bay
meridians
to
results
low
and
in
Ocean
in
In the
strong
pressure
area from the
High moves southwestward
periods inversions
the north
oscillates
weather
in the Gulf of Alaska to reach northern rainy
to
in the
in the Santa Clara Valley
governs Californias which
cool
end of the
flow onshore over the San Francisco
the Pacific
the winter
uses
by warm summers with
thermal
site
area
system over the eastern Pacific
precipitation
also causes
The nominal
the high SOs-low 60s during
northernmost position
In the winter
storms
to
the
Its
seasonally
moves
property
are
There are no prominent
in the Santa
modest
High pressure
flow and negligible
Sonoran-Mojave
much of
centered
direction
the high
northwesterly
is
Pacific
are
The major
of the Gabilan Range and Diablo Range
The
as urban with
range from the high SOs during
in the hills
and the semi-permanent
intersection
meters Northing
of precipitation
summer
as illustrated
Street
this
level at this location
characterized
amounts
Rainfall
27
of
Airport mean maximum
San Jose
Cruz Mountains
are the Santa
sea
located
amounts
80s during
the winter
is
Clara Valley
and modest
the low
4135220
and commercial
and mean minimum temperatures 40s during
and
above mean
can be characterized
residential
of the Santa
climate
NAD
coordinates
feet
features in the vicinity as
nights Santa
site
and Reed
Cruz Boulevard
UTM
meters Easting
approximately 593816 elevation
of DeLa
the intersection
at
previously
International
are
Bay
area
toward California
weak
or
nonexistent
winds are often moderate
summer and
fall
when
winds
are surface-based
The wind
tule
prevailing
dominant
In
summer
the Pajaro
through
parallel
greatest in the spring and
hours have
morning
occasional
drainage
winter
from the northwest
rose
Figure
The mixing
the
the San
at
at
inversions
mixing heights
of
sources
air
No exist
meteorology scale terrain
and
of the
the vicinity
Dispersion
The ambient Version associated
air
07026
selection of
site that
would
The
Pacific
and buses
calendar
the
wind
year
of
the top
strong
inhibit
and can
system layer
no slope
is
of
Inland
ground-based of low-lying
in high pollutant
result
have an
on the
effect
and length
height
2004
for the
dispersion
that would
roughness
affect
significantly
come
through
distribution
high pressure at
the area and play
There
patterns
calm conditions
of the winds
conditions
often experience
surface
only with an
of the marine environment
These inversions
throughout
wind
of large-
large role in the
or topographical
effect
aspect
in
conditions
meteorological
Model
model
to
number of
default model
analysis was
modeling
quality dispersion evaluate
one-hour impacts
from non-emergency
of the proposed
the District
effects
vertical
with emissions
commissioning
regulatory
site
20% 43%
during
often found
steering mechanisms
features are consistent
on the horizontal
is
nature
weaker
is
or other
the project
the eastern
provide favorable
generally
such as cars trucks
terrain
at
by
the inversion
of the cooler
influence
pollution
concentrations
that
Speeds are
from southeast
station
meteorological
weather periods
cold
during
Airport
end of the
south
seasons while summer
area are light
19%
the
Nighttime and early
and wind speed frequency
direction
because
the marine
Jose
north and approximately
Jose
the
in
from the
flowing
air
into
an annual basis approximately
wind
during
north-northwesterlies
all
and
the late
sometimes observed
is
Hill when
calm in
axis
the afternoon
during
Strong winds are rare coming
in the San
The base of
dispersion of pollutants
areas where
On
the terrain
by
in the fall and winter
least
of the area are affected
heights
and marine influences marine air
and
The winds
through
depicts
recorded
are
Bay Area and
northwest-southeast
gets channeled northward
Gap
are quite breezy
storm
zone
convergence
winds and are frequently
and predominantly bimodal
south
During
and often
strong
the
flow occurring
Gilroy and Morgan
summer
light
and evenings
afternoon
into
low
very
These periods
high
greatly
the valley
up
Clara Valley and meets with the prevailing
Santa
is
become
is
the Valleys
to
south-southeasterly
light
end of the Valley between
Bay
potential
inversions
are influenced
sea breeze extending
evening and early morning
Monterey
pollution
flow out of the Central Valley
that
flow roughly
north-northwesterly
southern
air
fog
early evening and
that
High
is
patterns in the Santa Clara Valley
resulting in
with
and the
and the pollution potential
are light
by winds
often characterized often include
the Pacific
options options
SC1 that in
data affect its
using the
The
AERMOD
model output
preliminary ratio
ambient ozone
-12-
AERMOD
on ambient concentrations
operation emergency
center
used the plume volume molar
of ozone limiting with 2004
performed
The
dispersion
method
of
operation
model allows
the
District
primarily
modeling
analysis
PVMRM to
data obtained
NO2
and
used the except
evaluate
from the San Jose
the
Figure
Wind Rose
San Jose Airport Meteorological
Station
WIND SPEED Knots 22
17-21 11-17 7-11
4-7 1-4 Calms 20.02%
-13-
Jackson
Street
used the
identical
model options with
disks enclosed
compact
station and an assumed
meteorological
for this
this
AQIA
N02-to-NOx
The
AERMOD
were
established
of
ratio
data
files
10%
Sierra
are included
on
report
Source Data
Stack
operation
NOx
and hourly
characteristics
operation
emergency
emissions
and commissioning
for non-emergency
as discussed
in the following
sections
Non-Emergency
DFT
has
use
with the worst-case
modeled for
exhaust
MTU
only
analysis identified emergency
were assumed
operation
of impacts
with non-emergency
test
Load-banked
startup operation
at
i.e
The
load
with
be the single
impacts were
non-emergency and
NOx emission
Exhaust temperatures were
calculated following
with respect
to
obtained
operating
scenarios
to the California
of the emergency
and
from
1-hour
NO2
generators
loads
100%/75%/50%
25%
EG9
generator
in Table
non-emergency
during
characteristics
were
operation
75%/50%/25%
at
startup at
Uncontrolled Controlled
runs
velocities
manufacturer
for the determination
associated
Stack
are summarized
exhaust
Diesel the generator
30-minute
EG9
generator
emergency
non-emergency
Therefore
hourly impacts
flow rates from which
Detroit
AAQS
for
will be operated
so that only one generator
modeling
screening
engine
rates
designed SC1
Oneration
loads
and
SCR
fully
operational
at
100%/75%150%125%
loads
Although each locations
result
engine in
has identical stack
slightly
different
impacts
parameters
when
and emission
individual
-14-
engines
rates
the
slight
are evaluated
differences
in stack
Table Stack Characteristics
NOx
and
Emission
Rates
Non-Emergency
Stack
Exhaust
Exhaust
Stack
Height
Temperature
Velocity
Diameter
Emission Rate
msec
Source
30
Non-Emergency
Operation
g/sec
Minutes
100%Loada
N/A
N/A
N/A
75%Loadb
N/A 16.6
698
44.5
0.46
1.47
50%Loadb 25% Load
16.6
643
34.2
0.46
0.90
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
16.6
778
51.3
0.46
1.62
16.6
778
51.3
0.46
1.47
16.6
778
51.3
0.46
1.38
16.6
598
14.0
0.46
0.82
100%Load1
16.6
778
51.3
0.46
0.50
75% Load1
16.6
698
44.5
0.46
0.29
50%Load
16.6
643
34.2
0.46
0.18
25%Load1
16.6
598
14.0
0.46
0.08
N/A
Non-Emergency
Startup
100%Load 75% Load
N/A
Cd cd
50%Load 25%Loade
Controlled
Non-Emergency
Notes The emergency
NOx Stack
will not
generators
emission
were derived
rates
conditions
100%
reflect
be tested
at full
from Table
load
load or
25%
load for
for uncontrolled
because most
emissions
startup
30 minutes
than
less
for
operation
will occur
30 minutes during
load-banking
at
100% load
NOx
emission
Reflects
emissions than
greater
uncontrolled
NOx
were derived
rates
an uncontrolled
from Table
because
startup
uncontrolled
for
load-banked
load-banking at
operation
operation to
preparatory
25% NOx
operation
emission
rate
at
25%
load
would yield
from Table
was derived
for
operation
emission
were derived
rates
from Table
Emergency Operation Under will is
emergency
not
anticipated
DFT
does
Stack
characteristics
Table
approximately
NO2
were
and
assumed
AAQS
30-minute
Emergency Controlled
emergency
on emergency
All 32 engines
scenarios
estimates
50%
neither is emergency
anticipate
restrictions
accept
hour
not
DFT
conditions
operate between
NOx were
that
and
operation
rates
emergencies startup
at
emergency
75%/50%
75%/50% operation
engines
their
at
emergency
25%
load
generators operation
Although
DFT
cannot
nature are not predicable
for emergency
operation
32 emergency
of these conditions
of impacts
with emergency
all
Full load
under these conditions
for the determination
associated
all
which by
operations
emission
of
as
many
load
at either
operations
modeled
as
75%
operation
The
are summarized
following
with respect
to the
of the emergency
operating California
generators
loads
loads and
i.e
with
loads
-15-
SCR
fully
operational
at
in
75%/50%
1-
Table
and
Stack Characteristics
NOx
Emission
Stack
Exhaust
Height
Temperature
Rates
30
Emission
Stack
Diameter
Velocity
Rate
m/sec
Source
Emergency
Emergency_Operation
Exhaust
glsec
Minutes
l00%Loada
N/A
N/A
N/A
75%Loadb
16.6
698
44.5
0.46
1.47
50%Loadb
16.6
643
34.2
0.46
0.90
25%Loada
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Emergency
N/A
N/A
Startup
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
75%Loadc
16.6
698
44.5
0.46
1.61
50%Loadc
16.6
643
34.2
0.46
1.80
25%Loada
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
100%Loada
Controlled
Emergency
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
75%Loadd
16.6
698
44.5
0.46
0.29
50%
16.6
643
34.2
0.46
0.18
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
100%Loada
Loadd
25%Loada Notes The emergency
are not expected
generators
to operate
at
25%
100%
or
under emergency
load
conditions
NOx NOx NOx
rates
were derived
from Table
for
uncontrolled
operation
emission
rates
were
derived
from Table
for
uncontrolled
startup
emission
rates
were derived
from Table
emission
Commissioning
generators emission blocks
DFT
commissioning
During
will operate rates
for
were
must simulate emergency
impacts
The
to
operating
Uncontrolled Controlled
range of loads
i.e
not
operation
full
scenarios 1-hour
were
NO2
block
and
assumed
Two
in Table
Commissioning
uncontrolled
AAQS
of 16 emergency
characteristics
are summarized
Consequently
NOx separate activities
startup emissions
for the determination associated
are
of
with
generators
load-banked
i.e
as Stack
under these conditions
the California
of the emergency
many
that as
activities
modeled operation
following
with respect
commissioning
full
commissioning
of 16 engines
evaluated
estimates
over the
SCR
at
startup
at
OO%/75%150%/25%
lOO%/75%/50%/25%
-16-
loads
loads and
Table
and
Stack Characteristics
NOx Emission
Rates
Exhaust
Stack
Temperature
Height
Stack
Velocity
Diameter
Source
Commissioning
Commissioning
Exhaust
Emission Rate
glsec
rn/see Startup
l00%Loada
16.6
778
51.3
0.46
1.62
75%Loada
16.6
698
44.5
0.46
1.61
50%Loada
16.6
643
34.2
0.46
1.80
25%Loada
16.6
598
14.0
0.46
0.82
Controlled
Commissioning
100%Load
16.6
778
51.3
0.46
0.50
75%Loadb
16.6
698
44.5
0.46
0.29
50%Load
16.6
643
34.2
0.46
0.18
25%Loadb
16.6
598
14.0
0.46
0.08
Notes
NOx NOx
emission
rate
emission
rates
yield high fenceline
Bowmans
District
effects
BPIP
The
modeling used
analysis but
USEPAs to
direction-specific
Dimension
Meteorological
its
preliminary
data collected
approximately
in
10
BPIP
in
within
dimensions
so that
Sierra used
the
AQIA
10 Dimensions
Length
1100
Width
280
Height
48
feet
feet feet
Data
dispersion
modeling
analysis
east-southeast
the District
used surface
Airport meteorological
station
meteorological located
of the proposed SC1 data center and upper -17-
its
or
Distance
2004 from the San Jose
km
in Table
Program building
in this
effects
of the
any other buildings
be evaluated
could
files without any modifications
Building/Structure
downwash
effects
are summarized
Profile Input
Building
determine
can cause
downwash
did not consider
of the SC1 data center building
output
stack
to
evaluated
District
Table
In
startup
building whose dimensions
software
modeling
downwash Districts
dispersion
The
structures
close
sufficiently
impacts
proposed SC1 data center preliminary
uncontrolled
for
from Table
located
or structures
Buildings
from Table
derived
were derived
Downwash
Building
that
was
air
already
further modify the data
the Oakland
at
contained
sounding station
from the proposed emergency
data for this
meteorological
files that
input
with emissions
associated
impacts
the identical
2004
in
data collected
meteorological
AQIA
the processed
the modeling
provided
data
meteorological
Sierra used
generators
BAAQMD
The
model the
to
Sierra did
set
Receptor Grids
In
its
20 meter
20 meters
emergency receptor
generators
modeling
Ambient
The modeled emergency
at
Air quality
boundary
fine
generated
receptor
receptors
SC1
data center
Sierra did data
further modify the contained
in
the
Impacts
The
with emissions
from non-emergency
of the proposed
AERMOD
SC1
operation
data center
data files are included
are
on compact
disks
report
Table
11
Project Air Quality Impacts Ambient
Impacts
tg/m3 25%
100%
75%
Load
Load
Load
N/A
164
144
115
169
166
165
135
79
50
35
23
3OMinutes
N/A
595
503
N/A
Startup
N/A
626
704
N/A
Controlled
N/A
372
348
N/A
598
575
620
613
697
692
562
548
Source
3OMinutesb Startup Controlled
Emergency
50%
Load
EG9
Non-Emergency
32
engines
Commissioning
StartupEG1EG16 Startup EG17 EG32 Controlled
EG1EG16
399
401
366
371
Controlled
EG17
348
322
243
221
EG32
Notes Reflects operation
modeled
impacts
of emissions
and commissioning
at
grid also
of approximately 750 meters from the midpoint of the
operation and commissioning
this
placed
further modify the elevation
impacts associated
with
District
District
files
input
summarized in Table 11 enclosed
The
the proposed
Sierra also did
grid
Districts
distance
to
the
analysis
along the fenceline
intervals
at
spaced
modeling
dispersion
preliminary
Does
The emergency generators
will not be
The emergency generators
will
associated
not include tested
not operate
at
at
with
non-emergency
background
full
25%
-18-
load or
for
100%
operation
emergency
concentrations less
load
than
30 minutes
under
emergency
conditions
The modeled
Sd for
impacts associated
center were
data
NO2
concentration
are summarized
emergency
in
NO2
this
Table 12
The
from non-emergency concentrations
hourly were
station
five-year
with emissions
NO2
AQIA
indicates
Sd
that
data center
obtain
ppb
the total for
of the impacts
20042008
The maximum one-hour
reviewed
was 80
period
to
operation
concentrations
from non-emergency
of the proposed
operation
the one-hour
Background
Central monitoring during
associated
impacts
added to the background
operation
non-emergency
from the San Jose
with emissions
or
139 JLgm3
total
of the SC1 data center
operation emissions
would
The
with non-
associated
not
cause
an exceedance
of
AAQS
Table Total Impacts
to
Ambient
12
Air Quality
Non-Emergency
Ambient
Impacts
Operation
jtglm3
25%
100%
75%
Load
Load
Load
Load
N/Ab
303
283
254
Startup
308
305
304
274
Controlled
218
189
174
162
Source
30 Minutes
50%
Notes Reflects
background
concentration
non-emergency
operation
The emergency
generators
of
139
jig/rn3
plus
modeled
impacts
of emissions
EG9
will not
be tested
at
full
-19-
load for
less
than
30
minutes
associated
with
DIESEL PARTICULATE
TAC5
contaminants
engines the
risk screening
the health
that
exceed
As
presented
DPM
with
health
carcinogenic
Assessment Health use potencies
defines result
URF
URF
as inverse
exposure
in
as the
of constant
and exceed the
was conducted
to demonstrate generators
generators the
risk and chronic
health
District
hazards
pathway
both the potential
m3/ug
URF
but
has
of
which
established
adverse
for
pathway
DPM
while
scenarios
OEHHA cancer
ug/m3 over
m3/jig
as
70-year
Reference health
non-carcinogenic
REL of 5.0 jig/rn3 for longREL for short-term exposures
chronic
developed an acute
not
concentration
70-kg person contracting
of 3.0xl0
levels above has
for carcinogens
relationships
only the inhalation
probability of
for
Approved Risk
exposure pathway
multiple
values
Dose-response
ambient
jig/rn3
per
non
the probability or risk of cancer
an ambient concentration
to
exposure
e.g
level
Dose-response
characterizes
estimated
DPM
DPM
and
carcinogenic
OEHHA/CARB
indicate
to
characterizes
OEHHA has established exposure levels RELs represent effects are anticipated OEHHA to
annual
are 229 lb/yr
emergency
cancer
2009 doses
lifetime
term exposure
For Diesel
via the inhalation
Values February
given
factor the
screening
maximum
from the emergency
resulting from exposure to
potency slope in kg-day/mg unit risk
SRA
from the Consolidated Table of
expressed
with
associated
II.B the
an
For Diesel
Assessment
effects
obtained
were
in Section
emissions
assessment characterizes
dose-response
which has
of toxic
emissions
thresholds
DPM
generators
of the incremental
emissions
Dose-Response
DPM
DPM
that
requires
whose
projects
screening
of
Therefore
with
new
risk
previously
risk thresholds
requires only the evaluation
The
the Districts
thresholds
District
Air Contaminants for
only the evaluation
associated
risks
would not exceed
associated
of Toxic
be performed
from the proposed emergency
emissions
Districts
SRA
requires
of 0.58 lb/yr
threshold
DPM
District
Review
Source
assessment
risk
screening air
New
Rule 2-5
District
SCREENING RISK ASSESSMENT
Exposure Assessment
The exposure assessment previously Since
presented
DPM
the
emergency
annual
emissions
generators
estimates
TAC
emissions
from each source
were
modeled
i.e in jig/rn3 per g/sec and 25% load conditions
emissions load
and
and the worst-case
25%
The
are summarized
derived
to
DPM
from the proposed emergency
i.e
emergency
engines
rate
from information
Table 13
-20-
of
g/sec
II.B
generators
to obtain
under
both the worst-case
characteristics
Section
generator are identical
were modeled
which represents
dispersion
load which were
exposure
using an emission
unit impacts conditions
of public
the extent
full
load
hourly
Stack characteristics presented
the
annual
previously
for
100%
in Table
Table
13
Stack Characteristics
100% Load
25% Load
Stack
Height
16.6
16.6
Stack
Diameter
0.46
0.46
Stack
Exhaust Velocity
51.3
14.0
778
598
mlsec
Exhaust Temperature
The to
SRA
modeling
evaluate
annual
analysis
number of
used the
identical
model options
of the SC1 data center building
maximum of
rate
glsec
locations
The
annual
the 32
and the annual
Jig/m3
unit impact
for
is
located
2600
both 100% and
slightly
overstated
of the southern
25%
because
fenceline
is
for the
METs
MET
are
is
25%
glsec
per
Maximum
Annual
Maximum
Annual
14
the
at
in
in g/sec Table 14 The rate
The
in Figure
residential
generators
MEl
are
approximately 100 meters south
load
condition
14 Impacts
MEl
Workplace
MET
100%
25%
100%
25%
Load
Load
Load
Load
28.2
38.9
331
571
2.58x10
3.79x10
2.58x10
3.79x104
Impact
Emissions gisec Impact
tg/m3
MET
for the
emissions
condition
load
Criteria
igm
The
analysis
for the residential
located
Residential
Unit
shown
along the west fenceline for the 100%
Modeled
Annual
effects
grid
Table
Maximum
downwash
of the annual emission
Concentrations
the residential
located
Sierra
the workplace
are also summarized
per g/sec
used the
analysis
in Table
MEl and
individual
model allows
the unit emission
to
resulting from the annual
conditions
edge of the modeling
The workplace MET the south
load
the
with
from the midpoint of the proposed emergency
south
feet
are summarized
exposed
locations of the residential and workplace
MEl
AQIA
the
07026
Version
District
modeling
corresponding
as the product
jig/rn3
The
as part of the modeling
per g/sec
concentrations
in
dispersion
As with
generators
calculated
generators
SRA
model
AERMOD
The
model output
preliminary
for this
maximum
ambient
average
32 emergency
its
emergency
of the residential
annual
in
in
AERMOD
of emissions associated
result
were considered
unit impacts
for
as
that affect
options
options
DPM
using the
for 50 hours per year
generators
default model
regulatory
of
concentrations
of emergency
operation
the selection of
was performed
0fl7 0Oo13
-21-
0.0
147
0.0853
0.2
16
and
Risk Characterization
The
characterization
risk
exposure assessment effects
The
Potential
excess
was
and the from
calculated
REL
risks
cancer
risks
jig/rn3
determine
modeling
are summarized
generators
MEIs
DPM
hazard index resulting from the annual
as the product
of the annual
health
and non-carcinogenic
carcinogenic
for the residential and workplace
calculated
and chronic
calculated
in Table
average
DPM
15
The
excess
concentration
DPM URF 3.0x10 m3/p.g The chronic hazard indices HIs were the annual average DPM concentration jig/m3 and the chronic DPM Risks/hazards
5.0 j.tg/m3
MEl
the residential
the potential
were
risks
from the 32 emergency
emissions cancer
to
health
of the dose-response assessment with the
the results
integrates
is
for the residential
MET
overstated
are slightly
approximately 100 meters south
located
of the southern
because edge of the
grid
Table Risk
15
Characterization Residential
Criteria
Cancer Risk in
Excess Chronic
Hazard
million
Index
MET
Workplace
MEl
100%
25%
100%
25%
Load
Load
Load
Load
2.2
4.4
3.3
8.3
0.0 17
0.043
0.00 15
0.0029
Conclusions
Rule 2-5 establishes allowable limits
specifies
sources
of
in Table Districts
for
TAC
cancer
emissions
15 The risk
excess
health
risks
risk
Project
risks
for
new
sources
of
TAC
and non-carcinogenic
risks are compared
for the proposed
thresholds
-22-
SC1
emissions
chronic
hazards
with the Districts
data center
The
project
policy for
new
risk thresholds
are below
the
Figure Location
of
Maximum
Exposed
Individuals
595000flE
i/
-23-
NAD27
Zone
lOS
595000m5
Table
14
Project Health Risk Criteria
Receptor
Load
25%
Resident Chrothc
Hazard
Index
INearest
Risk 2.2inamillion 4.4
100%
in
million
lOinamillion 10
in
million
0.00 15
25%
0.0029
100%
3.3
in
million
10 in
million
25%
8.3
in
million
10 in
million
Cancer Risk
Offsite
Worker
Threshold
Cancer Risk
Nearest
Excess
Risk
Project
Scenario
100% Excess
Risks
Chronic
Hazard
Index
100%
0.017
25%
0.043
-24-
Appendix
Equipment
Specifications
DETROIT DIESEL
16V4000G83 3D
Engine Percent Engine
Power
EPA
Tier
kWm
Load Speed
Exhaust
Mass Flow
Exhaust
Temperature
1/mm
m3/s
II
Exhaust Temperature
and Flow
2500
1875
1250
100
75
50
25
1800
1800
1800
1800
625
8.4
7.3
5.6
2.3
505
425
370
325
is
data
glkWh
PM
CO PM
HC
NOx
steady
cannot
be
used to to
and
compare
of
EPA
regulations
which
3D
test
data
not
for
guaranleed
to
these
values
shown
NOx HC CO emission data
measuring
The nominal
ISO 8178-1
0278
2144
0577
459
665kW
0382
1547
0476
4747
625kW
0427
1883
0.494
4.549
570KW
EN 590
end
cycle
are
to
89 due
Part fuel
based on weighted
emission
diesel
0171
1018
0277
4678
1370kW
0185
0742
0237
5175
1250kW
0182
0905
0236
4640
1140kW
EPA CFR 40 960 mbar and
in
0109
0884
0182
4958
2055kW
Field
3D
20V4000G43
0092
0740
0170
5631
use values
3D
16V4000G83
1875kW
described end variations
those
25
engine-to-engine
conditions
with
0737 0082
9/kWh
0177
6183
q/kWi
qlkWtf
gWh
2740KW
0065
0943
0120
7174
2500KW
_________-
are consistent
operating
facility
state
measurement
based on
instrumentation
shown
Emission
to
Data
glkWh
CO
UiiW
g/kWh
HO
gine
9/kWh
Unit
WOx
gine
0114
0074
9/kWh
0170 0631
0134
5456
1710kW
0799
glkWh
HC
6933
2280kW
16V4000043
gfWli
gfkWh
Unit
Tier
NOx
Engine
Genset EPA
Co PM
03
measurement procedures
Nominal1
Emission
data
Nominal1
Emission
Emission
Nominal1
Baumuster
Emission
Emissionsdaten
PM subject
and is
Aniage
TKF-Nr 1014-07
Appendix Emission
Calculations
XERES VENTURES LLC SANTA CLARA DATA CENTER AUTHORITY TO CONSTRUCT APPLICATION
MAXIMUM
EMERGENCY GENERATOR ROUTINE OPERATION
EMISSIONS
100%
75%
25%
Work
Output
kW
50%
Engine
2.500
1875
1250
625
Engine
Work
Output
bhp
3350
2513
1675
Exhaust
Temperature
deg
Exhaust
Temperature
deg
Exhaust
Flow wacfin
Exhaust
Flow
Parameter
Annual
wet
505
616
796
697
15477
11873
4876
8.4
7.3
5.6
2.3
50
50
50
50
100%
75%
Emissio Pollutant
325
940
Hours
Operating
838
370
17809
m3/sec
actual
425
Factors
50%
25%
NOx g/kW-hr
7.174
5.63
5.175
4.747
PM1O g/kW-hr
0.065
0.092
0.185
0.382
Emissio
Factors
100%
75%
50%
glbhp-hr
5.35
4.20
3.86
3.54
PM1O e/bhn-hr
0.049
0.069
0.138
0.285
Pollutant
NOx
Hourly
Emi
25%
Ib/lir
100%
75%
50%
NOx
39.5
23.3
14.2
6.53
PM1
0.36
0.38
0.51
0.53
Pollutant
Annual Emissions Pollutant
NOx
25%
lb/yr
100%
75%
50%
1975
1163
712
327
17.9
19.0
25.5
26.3
PM1O
25%
Notes Engine
work
output
in g/kW-hr Annual
were
in
kW
exhaust
obtained
operating hours
reflect
from the
in deg
temperature
MTU
Detroit Diesel
maintenance
and
exhaust the
testing
flow
rate
in m3/sec
and emission
factors
generator manufacturer
limits
of the
ATCM
for
Stationary
Compression
Ignition
Engines Hourly
emissions
in lb/hr
were
calculated
from
the
Annual
emissions
in lb/yr
were
calculated
from
the hourly
emission
factors
emissions
in g/bhp-hr in lb/br and
and engine annual
work
operating
output hours
in
bhp
in hr/yr
XERES VENTURES LLC SANTA CLARA DATA CENTER AUTHORITY TO CONSTRUCT APPLICATION
MAXIMUM
EMERGENCY
NOx EMISSIONS
GENERATOR Engine
Description
Load
100%
75%
50%
25%
1250
625
Work
Output
kW
2500
1875
Engine Work
bhp
3350
2513
1675
838
Output
4.747
Engine
NOx NOx
Emission
Factor
g/kW-hr
7.174
5.631
5.175
Factor
g/bhp-hr
5.35
4.20
3.86
3.54
Emission
39.5
23.3
14.2
6.53
90%
90%
90%
90%
3.95
2.33
1.42
0.65
15
30
60
60
12.8
12.8
14.2
6.53
Uncontrolled
SCR
Control
Controlled
Efficiency
Emissions
Startup Duration Controlled
lb/br
Emissions
SU
lb/br
mm
Emissions
lb/br
12.8
11.6
10.9
10.4
Emissions Uncontrolled
N/A
11.6
7.12
3.27
Emissions Controlled
N/A
11.0
10.6
10.2
w/LoadBanklb/br 30-mm 30-mm
ib lb
Notes Uncontrolled Controlled
emissions
emissions
reflect
reflect
no use of
the
the use of the
SCR system
SCR
system
once
its
operating
temperature
is
reached
Attachment B One-Hour NO2 Air Quality Impact Analysis March 12, 2010
March
sierra
12 2010
research 1801
Street
CA
Sacramento
Memo to
Tamiko
Endow
Bay Area
From
Fax Ann
Arbor
Quality Management
to
District
SC1 to
data center
proposed
32
install
LLC
Ventures
be
constructed
diesel
filed
for
District
an
Santa
the
with
application
Authority
in
emergency
Risk Assessment
Clara Data Center
Santa
Clara California and
generators
Bay Area
ATC
Construct
to
Air
permits for
Xeres Ventures heaters at
permit-exempt space
this facility
The
City of Santa
Clara
City
and
Study
ATC
issued
Mitigated contained
application
assumed the
an
air quality
type and
size
While
ambient
national
air
the
that
permit
health
quality standard
associated
AAQS
did not contain with
diesel
In
2009
October that
California District
Sierra
one-hour
reviewed
Research
evaluated
further
operations such
submitted
and with
report and raised
The report suggested could
that
result
exceedances
process with
risk
to
the
risk
in
the
the following
NOx
emissions
exceedances
might warrant
the
AQIA the
Furthermore
HRA
demonstrating
from
the
thresholds
SC
health
of Xeres Ventures
project with risk
the
thresholds
The
issues
from SC
associated
with
of the California one-hour
further
average
NO2
District on behalf
Districts
the
project of this
for
DPM emissions
matter
Districts
Initial
even though
AAQS
NO2
the
November 2007
The
the annual
assessment
compliance of the proposed
NO2 AAQS
this
health
particulate
emergency
2008
to
an
City prepared
nitrogen dioxide
for
the
with respect
AQIA
analysis
of the California one-hour
generators would comply with
report
The March
its permitting AQIA AQIA demonstrated compliance
application
risks
impact
in
as part of
showed an apparent exceedance original
Agency
review
Declaration
Negative
does not require an
District
of Lead
role
CEQA
Quality Act
California Environmental
evaluation
and/or
emergency
NO2 AAQS
mitigation
and
under
CEQA The Districts calculations of excess
maximum exposed
individual
MEl
cancer
risk
at
Ml
761-6755
Impact Analysis and Health
Air Quality
Xeres Ventures
November 2007 Xeres
District
J3Ii-
NO2
One-Hour for
new
Management
Dan Welch
Subject
In
Air Quality
95811
916 444-6666 916 444-8373
Tel
the location
of the
would exceed the Districts
risk
workplace threshold
Endow
Tamiko
This
memorandum
Based on that
NOx
emissions
on
were
NO2 AAQS
Districts
the
NO Air NOx
potential
related
consulting with
emergency
The
District
of
sufficient
below
decay option
within
minutes
As was
in
impacts
and
and 10%
the
for
corresponding
data were taken
using
at
assumptions
an
receptors driven
ozone
for
staff
for the
account
nearby
account
as
after
conservative
and
limiting
NO
all
NO
to
given of 12
half-life
of the
estimate
90%
that
step
of the
all
of the
This
without
NOx
AERMOD
using
were assumed
NO
be
AERMOD
using
any ozone form NO2
emissions
with
the
exponential
an estimate
provides
were multiplied by 0.9
NOx
of
decay
NO
emissions
are
the
reflecting
emitted
form of
in the
NO
form of NO2
of the third step were
NO2
from the
concentrations
of the
results
first
on an hour-by-hour
basis
analysis was
background the
subtracted
the rate-limited
hour by adding
from
to
emissions
NO2
as
expressed
NOx
four-step process
of 12 minutes
half-life
determine
each
to
of the
90%
remaining
were modeled
in the
results
hour-by-hour
to
reaction to be
the
District
by
thus assuming that
receptor-by-receptor
impact
and
with revised
NO
regarding
generators
available to fully oxidize
10%
AQIA
the
of the second
results
assumption
An
concern
of the
was used
which provides
were modeled
concentrations
to
is
were determined
options
option
AQIA
PVMRM
As recommended
our prior
Project impacts
step
conclude
further
address this concern
AERMOD
not use
the analysis
Project impacts
The
of the
Attachment
see
limiting
To
refined
ozone
form of NO2 and
NO2
The
does
sufficient
case with
the
Project
that
was used
in the
We
expressed
operation
time has not lapsed to allow
reaction time
reaction rate
District
from ozone-oxidized
formation
This method
assumes
the
AAQS
NO2
prepared
NO2
because
sufficient
believe
emergency
triggering
conditions
emergency
Sierra
as
rate
with
outlined
staff
operation
further
the event
we
exceedances
in
of 25 hours per year per engine risk at the workplace MET that would
cancer
submission
associated
impacts
completion
excess
result
of these issues
staff
Quality Impact Analysis
exponential
be
operation
of the engines
if
District
12 2010
threshold
risk
reduced
to
meteorological
California one-hour
to the
and only
adverse
our October 2009
After reviewing
would only
operation
calculated
address both
to
analyses
consultation with
in
infrequently
with
average would yield
One-Hour
for
coincide
to
on non-emergency
limit
not exceed
the
of further
results
emergency
during
California one-hour
that
the
presents
more refined analysis prepared
operation
March
-2-
performed the
NO2
San Jose
calculating
maximum
project
concentration Jackson
Street
the
maximum
NO2
for that
impact
hour
monitoring
total
for
NO2
each
hour to
Background station
NO2
Tamiko
Endow
March
-3-
12 2010
emergency operating scenario the frequency number of hours per year which an exceedance was calculated to occur was determined during For each
The
total
impacts
SC
proposed
associated
NOx
with
data center obtained
The
AERMOD
The
AQIA
indicates
emissions
that
associated
with
SC1 data center would not cause an exceedance 339 ig/m3
emergency
and
of the California one-hour
NO2
the 30-minute
for
Exceedances
which the engines
hour during
the simultaneous
operation
including
frequency
with which
an
emergency
exceedances
is
occurred
startup
each
during
if the
per year
NO2
in
to
50%
the
engines
the model results
hour of the year there
engine
was
at
operation
was
75%
the
and
load case
necessary
of the less
of
for
the
first
hour of
full
indication that
suggest
of the such
if
would be 205
50%
operation
violation
yield
i.e As an
emergency
32
all
aligning with
startup
concentrations
than 2.5%
less
of
engine
subsequent
NO2 AAQS
scenarios
emergency were calculated only
an
for
up
violation might occur
of an emergency
background
AAQS
such
controlled
AAQS
Table
of the proposed
operation
of the California one-hour
fully
startup
per year if the subsequent
exceedances probability
were
started
emergency
in
under separate cover
disks provided
on compact
of the
operation
summarized
refined analysis are
in the
data files are included
from emergency
emissions
load and only
Accordingly
the
meteorology and
NO2
California one-hour
than 0.06%
75%
in the
load case
Table Total
Impacts
Ambient Air
to
Ambient
Emergency
Quality
Refined
Operation
Analysis
Annual Exceedances
tg/rn3
Impacts
75%
50%
75%
50%
Load
Load
Load
Load
330
307
Startup
366
439
Controlled
175
160
Source
30
Minutes
205
Notes Reflects
associated
exponential
Where
the
decay
option
modeled
concentration
with
total
each
for
hour plus of
operation
emergency
32
all
the
maximum modeled determined
as
engines
impacts
of
NOx
the
using
AERMOD
within
startup
same hour yield
the
emissions impact
for
in
hour plus
given
excess
of
the
the
background
California 1-hour
NO2
concentration
for
AAQS
NO2
Risk Assessment
Health
In reviewing
the
worker
pathway Analysis
worker
NO2
background
emissions
October
2009
unit
factor
risk
and Reporting
URF
reflects
HRA
URF
Program
exposure
the
for
District
was
HARP hours
determined
the appropriate
6.29x105 m34tg using
CARBs
multi Hotspots
computer program see Attachment per
day
days
per
week
This
49 weeks per year
Endow
Tamiko
over
40-year that
workplace
MEl
tg/m3
an
additional
Emissions
were
restricted
likely
Fenceline
receptors
to
The maximum annual of
unit
rate
locations
of the residential
25
emission
from
emissions cancer
risk
tgIm3 to
and
days
per
the
the
the
Sd
maximum
not be
32
in
32
14
of Sierras
unit
report
MEl
million
in
emission
g/sec
with
rate
with
with
that
were excluded
the
per
year
in
.tg/m3
also
risk
for the
non-emergency
for
limited to the worst-case
workplace
of the annual also
are
DPM
Table
The
for
cancer
hours risks
thresholds
overstated
excess
concentration
per day or
for the
estimate
dispersion scenario
exposed
Furthermore
because
i.e non-emergency
emission worst-case
from the
workers concurrently
risk is
in
at the
MET
were recalculated
DPM
conservative
provides
the
per g/sec
workplace excess
operation
Table
from the annual
average
MET
unit
in
the product
was not discounted
workplace
was evaluated
modeled
the
resulting
as
summarized
m3/ig
2.81 xl
the exposure
and
operation
calculated
of the annual
The
MET
resulting
are
generators product
i.e
risks
to
summarized
concentrations
impact
cancer
from
were located
that
nearest receptors
non-emergency
generators unit
to
line
are
individual
ambient
average
DPM URF
cancer
neighbor
corresponding
data center project are below the Districts
scenario
workers
the
generators
hours
and
rail
per g/sec
emergency
excess
as
to
were deleted
j.tg/m3
associated
annual
or 49 weeks
associated
the
when
800 am and 500 pm
of nearby
adjacent
maximum exposed
emissions
excess
Table
in
threshold of 10
of the street and
sides
emergency
effective
week
load operating impacts
the
The
was calculated
non-emergency
proposed
The
exposure
the 32 emergency
Table
in
times
at
million at the workplace
hours between
the
in g/sec and the annual
rate
summarized
for
reflect
to
At the maximum annual
m3/tg
modeling analysis i.e
and roadway
emissions
hours per year
risk
URF
hours Monday through
In particular fenceline receptors
impacts
for
g/sec
annual emissions
to
distant
emission
Maximum annual
workday
shown
as
this
concurrently
during
of 60.7 in
not immediately
line
rail
were those on the
at
cancer
simultaneous
modeling analysis
adjacent
discounted
12 2010
assumptions
match the
the
MET
risk
cancer
excess
i.e
of 2.81 xl
refined unit impact
performed
following
excess
Districts
the
URF
the workplace
for
further
would occur
worksite
at the
effective
an
calculated
which exceeds
the
in
resulting
the District
Sierra
was present
District
emissions
non-emergency
of 0.216
impact
The
period
exposure
likelihood
Friday
March
-4-
the
of the
operation of
25% would
25% load
Tamiko
Endow
March
-5-
12 2010
Table Refined
Worker
Health
Risk Assessment
MET
Workplace Criteria
Maximum p.gIm3
25%
100% Load
Annual Unit Impact
Load
119
186
8.9
13.1
per g/sec
Maximum
Annual Emissions
ib/yr
Maximum
Annual Emissions 1.29E-04
1.89E-04
0.0153
0.0351
g/sec
Maximum
Annual Impact
tg/m3 URF m3/ig Excess Risk Note
Cancer Risk
Reflects
for
original
and acute values
HARP-derived
the
hours
exposure per day
hazard
presented
in
million
10 in
million
4.3
Threshold
concurrent
Chronic
2.81x104 m3/ig
to or
worker
of 6.29x
9.9
in
10 in
m3I.tg
million million
further
non-emergency emissions i.e the exposure days per week or 49 weeks per year
indices were
on Page
URF
2.81x104 m3/tg
adjusted
to
not re-calculated for this analysis because
24 of
the
October
2009 report
are
reflect
was not discounted
the
well below the
Districts hazards thresholds
If
you have
Attachments
any questions
about
this
memorandum
please call
me
at
916
273-5130
Attachment
Peradi-Robinson
Memo June
1976
OFFI CT June
TO
ROBINSON
FROM
PERARDI
SUBJECT
NO/NO2
The fractional mated with the
CONVERSION
coflverSjon equation
of
MORANDUM 19/b
CALCULATIONS
IN
source
ambient
NO
to
PERMIT
ANALYSES
NO
can
be
esti
1_eOS77t where NO2 at
is
the
time
at
any
fraction
of original NO which will be converted to after leaving the emission point Thus and time1
minutes
given
location
concentration concentration where The
NO
volume
by
NO by
volu
NO2
NO
important When
N02
element
th
in the
is equation exponential argument the factor provides half-life of 12 minutes as suggested at al science by Davis 186/733 22 Nov This equation 1974 directly applicable when NO emissions are essentially all in the NO form as from many high temperature combustion If sourCes source emits significant quantities of both NO and NO this would analysis apply only to the portion originally emitted as NO Davis found 50% conversion times in plumes to be in the 12 to 60 minute range Using worst case scenario with untab1e conditions and 60 ppb ambient the 12 Ozone minute half-life applies
.0577
is
in
minutes
In RP permit the degree evaluations of ND/NO2 conversio is cal culated with the BASIC computer program NONOX TEP Feb l976 The program requires input of series of ground level NO concentrations along with the corresponding downwind ____ is alsequir that elapsed time can be calcu lated from distance data These data are normally obtained input from Gaussian of NO dispersion0 modeling The region near the for NO is investigated CLCmax for degree of conversion to NO2 For any given distance and corresponding time the concentration of NO2 is equal to times the concentration of NO The NO2 maximum generally occurs moderate distance downwind from th maximum
Thensed
NO
TheGLCa
for
NO2
can
then
which dioxide
NO2
alone
be
were
compared
to
promulgated
the
state
in terms
of
and
federal
nitrogen
air
Attachment
HARP
Output
for
Worker Exposure
to
DPM
file
This
Created
C\HARP\PROJECTS\DjeselpM\wkrCancertxt
by HARP Version Version 99155
Uses
ISC
Uses
BPIP
Dated date
Creation
EXCEPTION
l.4a
Build
23.07.00
04112
92150
6/11/2009
AM
REPORT
there have
been
no
FILES SourceReceptor
changes
or
exceptions
INPUT
file
Averaging period adjustment Emission rates file none Site GLC
file
parameters
factors
file
not
applicable
C\HARP\PROJECTS\DleselpM\project.sit
SOURCE
DATA
concentrations loaded from file c\HARP\STARTUP.CML chemicals concentrations and/or have been edited by User memo CHEMICALS
ADDED/DELETED DieselExhPM
ADDED
mode
Screening
is
USER
Standard
work
schedule
yrs Method Point Analysis Health Effect Cancer SITE
estimate
PARAMETERS
DEPOSITION Deposition DRINKING
m/s
rate
WATER
Pathway
disabled
Pathway
disabled
FISH
PASTURE Pathway HOME
GROWN Pathway
PIGS
disabled PRODUCE disabled
CHICKENS
AND
user
OFF
Duration
Exposure
BY
the
EGGS
0.05
49 wks/yr
days/wk
hrs/day
40
Pathway DERMAL
disabled
ABSORPTION
Pathway SOIL
disabled
INGESTION Pathway
MOTHERS
disabled
MILK disabled
Pathway
CHEMICAL
GROUND
multipathway ABBREV GLC Pasture
LEVEL
CONCENTRATIONS CAS
GLC
CHEMICAL
GLC
TABLE ABBREVIATION
9901
EMISSIONS
DATA
CHEMICALS
ADDED
POLLUTANT
DieselExhPM
Diesel
SOURCE OR DELETED
EMISSIONS FOR FACILITY SOURCE MULTIPLIER CAS
DOSE
BY
CHICK
FAC
DEV
l.000EQ0
exhaust 0.000E0Q
engine
PRO
STK
MULTIPLIER
mg/kg-d
DERM
SOIL
PIG
EGG
0.OOE00 0.OOE00 0.OOE00 0.OOE00 0.OOE00 0.OOE00
CANCER
CHEM
INHAL CHICK
particulate
matter
NAME BG
ug/m3
FOR CANCER CALCULATIONS MOTHER FISH WATER
5.72E-05
AVERAGE BEEF
PATHWAY
INHAL
0.OOE0Q
0.OOE00
AVRG
lbs/yr
VEG
DAIRY
0.OOE00
0.OOE00
0.OOE00
WATER
VEG
DAIRY
RISK DERM
SOIL
PIG
EGG
MOTHER MEAT
FISH ORAL
TOTAL
6.29E-05 0.OOE00 0.OOE00 0.OOEQ0 0.OOE0Q 0.OCE00 0.OOEO0 0.OOE00 0.OOE00 0.OOE00 0.OOE00 0.OOE00 O.OOE00 6.29E05 SUM 6.29E05 0.OOE00 0.OOE00 0.OOE00 0.OOE00 0.OOE00 0.OOE00 0.OOE00 0.OOE00 0.OOEQ0 0.OOE00 0.OOE0O 0.OOE00 6.29E05 0001
Water
none
ABBREV
0001
GLC
NAME
lbs/br
CHEM BEEF
Max
ug/m
Diesel PM
AVERAGE
not
CROSS-REFERENCE
BACKGROUND
MAX
GLC
Avrg
1.000EOQ
9901
CAS
0001
indicates
Fish
DieselExhPM
CHEM
kk
micrograms/m3
chemical
0.OOE00 0.OOE00
SANTA CLARA SC-1 DATA CENTER INFORMATION REQUESTS Technical Area: Visible Plume and Plume Velocity Analysis Author: Joseph Hughes IC Engines Plume Vertical Velocity Analysis BACKGROUND The proposed project is located 0.4 miles west of the San Jose International Airport. Given the close proximity of the project to the airport, and the potential for low flying aircraft such as helicopters and/or planes to be in the area of the plant, a thermal plume velocity analysis may have to be conducted, based on information you provide, for the 32 diesel-fired internal combustion engines (IC engines). Thermal plumes are a concern to aircraft safety due to the potential for causing unexpected near-ground turbulence. Staff will need the applicant to verify and/or provide several necessary operational and design values for the 32 diesel-fired IC engines to complete the modeling analysis. The information provided should be based on full load operations (i.e., emergency cases when all IC engines are running full load). CLARIFICATION ISSUE 1.
Please provide or verify the following necessary modeling input values: Parameter Number of Exhaust Stacks
Diesel Fired Internal Combustion Engines 1
1 or 32?
Stack Height
16.6 (m) [54.5(ft)]
Stack Diameter
2
Stack Exit Velocity
0.4572(m) or 0.6096(m) [1.5(ft) or 2(ft)]? 3
17.3489(m/s) to 28.3461(m/s)? 3
Stack Exit Temperature 643.1500(K) to 778.7056(K)? (1) amec modeling assumed all emissions (including boilers) emit from one stack. (2) Values differ from the amec modeling results and the amec Table 2 “Summary of emission characteristics SC-1”. (3) Provide values for full load emergency situation cases.
RESPONSE: The stack parameters used in the modeling of full load operating scenarios by Sierra Research are summarized below: Parameter
Diesel Fired Internal Combustion Engines 32
Number of Exhaust Stacks Stack Height
16.6 (m) [54.5(ft)]
Stack Diameter
0.4572(m) [1.5(ft))] 51.2 m/s
Stack Exit Velocity
778 K
Stack Exit Temperature
August 2011 (revised October 31, 2011)
1
Santa Clara SC-1 Data Center Data Requests
SANTA CLARA SC-1 DATA CENTER INFORMATION REQUESTS 2.
Please provide a description of the IC engines exhaust stacks including; location, orientation and quantity (i.e., to-scale drawing that shows all engine stacks, new and existing). RESPONSE: All 32 stacks were modeled. The stack locations and elevations were obtained from the ISCST3 model input file that the Bay Area Air Quality Management District provided to Sierra Research. Sierra confirmed that the location of these stacks fit the location of the engine block area on the DFT site plan. A copy of the site plan is included as Attachment A. The UTM coordinates (NAD 27) used to model emissions from the 32 emergency generators are summarized below:
Source ID S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 S11 S12 S13 S14 S15 S16 S17 S18 S19 S20 S21 S22 S23 S24 S25 S26 August 2011 (revised October 31, 2011)
X (m) 593673.1 593674.9 593677.9 593680.4 593683.4 593686.4 593688.2 593690.6 593692.9 593695.4 593697.8 593700.2 593702.6 593705 593708 593710.4 593601.6 593603.4 593605.8 593608.2 593611.8 593614.8 593617.9 593620.9 593624.4 593626.9 2
Base Elevation Y (m) (m) 4135321.2 15.5 4135313.5 15.6 4135307.0 15.7 4135300.2 15.8 4135294.2 15.8 4135287.8 15.9 4135282.2 15.9 4135276.8 15.9 4135272.0 15.9 4135266.0 15.9 4135259.5 15.9 4135254.0 15.9 4135248.0 16.0 4135242.5 16.0 4135236.5 16.1 4135230.0 16.1 4135474.0 14.9 4135467.2 14.9 4135462.0 14.9 4135455.2 14.9 4135448.0 14.9 4135441.5 14.9 4135434.2 15.0 4135427.0 15.1 4135421.0 15.1 4135413.2 15.2 Santa Clara SC-1 Data Center Data Requests
SANTA CLARA SC-1 DATA CENTER INFORMATION REQUESTS
Source ID S27 S28 S29 S30 S31 S32
X (m) 593630.4 593633.5 593636.5 593638.9 593641.9 593644.3
Base Y Elevation (m) (m) 4135406.8 15.2 4135399.5 15.2 4135394.0 15.2 4135388.0 15.2 4135382.0 15.2 4135376.0 15.3
Cooling Tower Visible Plume and Vertical Velocity Analysis BACKGROUND A thermal plume vertical velocity analysis may need to be conducted, based on the information you provide, for the cooling towers for the same reasons as the IC engines. In addition, a visible plume analysis may also need to be conducted to show that the project would comply with the potential significant threshold for visual resources and not interfere with traffic. Water vapor plumes can occur when the plume is more saturated with water than the carrying capacity of the ambient air. A determination is made whether a combination of exhaust and ambient air mixes to become supersaturated, where the water content is greater than the carrying capacity of the air at given temperatures and pressure, and a visible plume forms due to condensation of the water into droplets. Little information was provided on the cooling tower, so staff will need the design and operational criteria to complete the modeling analysis. CLARIFICATION ISSUE 3.
Please confirm that there will be two cooling towers on site. Provide a description of the location and orientation of the cooling towers (i.e., to-scale drawing that shows the layout of the cooling towers). RESPONSE: Upon completion of Phase I and Phase II of the project, there would be two cooling towers for computer server room cooling, each with eight (8) cells. Two of the eight cells would be redundant and only operate in case of failure of other cells. Cooling tower locations are shown in Attachment A. The dimensions of the cooling tower units are shown in Attachment B of this information response document.
4.
Please provide the assumptions for the cooling towers operations (i.e., hours per day, month and year). RESPONSE: Water will continually flow to the cells from the chiller plant. The fan for each cell will operate as needed. Fans will speed up or down based on the temperature of the water leaving the cell and going back to the chiller. The
August 2011 (revised October 31, 2011)
3
Santa Clara SC-1 Data Center Data Requests
SANTA CLARA SC-1 DATA CENTER INFORMATION REQUESTS cooler and drier the outside air, the less the fans have to work. See Response 5 below. 5.
Please summarize for the cooling towers the conditions that affect vapor plume formation including cooling tower heat rejection, exhaust temperature, and exhaust mass flow rate. Please provide values to complete the table below, and additional data as necessary for staff to determine how the heat rejection load varies with ambient conditions and also determine at what ambient conditions cooling tower cells may be shut down. If the cooling load does not change for ambient conditions and the heat rejection remains stable, then inputs are only needed for one operating condition (e.g., ambient temperature and relative humidity). Please include appropriate design safety margins for the heat rejection, exhaust flow rate and exhaust temperature in consideration that the air flow per heat rejection ratio is often used as a Condition of Certification confirmation of design limit. RESPONSE: As noted in Response 3, upon completion of both phases of the project, there would be two cooling towers for building and computer server room cooling, each with eight (8) cells. Six cells operate per cooling tower. The other two cells in each cooling tower are redundancies, or spares in case of failure. When the computer server rooms are fully occupied, the cooling load would not substantially change with ambient conditions and the heat rejection would remain stable. About three (3) percent of the building cooling load would be influenced by outdoor ambient conditions.
Parameter Number of Cells Cell Height Cell Diameter Tower Housing Length Tower Housing Width
Cooling Tower(s) Exhausts 8 (8 x1) per phase; 2 cells per phase redundant (only 6 cells operate per phase at one time) See Attachment B See Attachment B See Attachment B See Attachment B
Ambient Temperature
85.3°F DB
30°F
65°F
100°F
Ambient Relative Humidity Number of Cells in Operation Heat Rejection (MW/hr) Exhaust Temperature (°F) Exhaust Flow Rate (lb/hr) Exhaust Velocity (m/s)
50% 1 of 6 4.72 86.8 1,039,000 9.03
90% 1 of 6 4.74 59.3 1,139,600 8.85
40% 1 of 6 4.73 73.6 1,073,900 8.94
15% 1 of 6 4.72 83.6 1,011,000 8.99
August 2011 (revised October 31, 2011)
4
Santa Clara SC-1 Data Center Data Requests
SANTA CLARA SC-1 DATA CENTER INFORMATION REQUESTS 6.
Please provide the cooling tower manufacturer and model number information and a fogging frequency curve from the cooling tower vendor for the cooling towers RESPONSE: The manufacturer is Marley and the model number is NC8412TAS-01. Attachment C is a “Fogging Frequency Estimate Curve” for one cell of NC8412TAS-01 operating with 3240 gpm/cell at 91.4/81.4/71°F.
7.
Please identify if the cooling tower fan motors will be dual speed or have variable speed/flow controllers for either of two cooling towers. RESPONSE: Premium efficiency inverters provide for variable fan speeds.
August 2011 (revised October 31, 2011)
5
Santa Clara SC-1 Data Center Data Requests
Attachment A Aerial Photograph with Street Names Facility Plot Plans Facility Site Plan
M A RT I N
AVE. Norman Y. Mineta San Jose International Airport
Commercial Industrial Co-Generation Facility
ROBERT AVENUE
MATHEW STREET Private Recreation
Residential
Industrial Site
U.P .R.
S TR
EET Residential
P A RK E R
Industrial/ Office
Industrial Industrial/ Office
REED
STREET
S TR E E T
Industrial
R ST Industrial
T EE
Industrial
REED Reed St. Dog Park
Residential
Industrial
R.
E Residential/ Commercial
BOULEVARD
TT AYE LAF
Residential
Electrical Substation
CRUZ
TREET MATHEW S
DE LA
Industrial
Project Boundary Scale: 1" = ± 440' Photo Date: May 2011
Industrial
AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH WITH SURROUNDING LAND USES
N
Note: Parking lot and Landscaping at project site under construction in May 2011.
FIGURE 2-3
LOCATION OF BACKUP GENERATORS (IC ENGINES)
LA
CR UZ BLV D.
REED
MA THE W
STR EET
DE
SUBSTATION (UNDER SEPERATE PERMIT)
STREET
DATA CENTER
U.P.R.R. PROPOSED PHASE II WATER TANK
PROPOSED PHASE II COOLING TOWERS
EXISTING COOLING TOWERS
Source: CCG, Landscape Plan, LI.2, 2010.
LOCATION OF EXISTING AND PROPOSED COOLING TOWERS
EXISTING TANK
Attachment B Cooling Tower Cell Dimensions
Attachment C Fogging Frequency Estimate Curve
Estimated Fogging Frequency Curve for Holder - SC1- Data Center
CONFIDENTIAL: The Contents of this document are confidential and constitute the exclusive property of SPX Cooling Technologies. This document and its contents may not be made public in any manner, distributed or loaned to others, or reproduced or copied either in whole or in part without the prior written consent of SPX Cooling Technologies. © 2011 As of the date(s) in the title block SPX Cooling Technologies unpublished - All rights reserved under the copyright laws.
Model NC8412TAS-01 Number of Cells 1 Motor Output 40HP Motor RPM 1800 Fan 144" 6-Blade Fan RPM 242 (Full Speed)
90
Relative Humidity (%)
SPX Cooling Technologies TRACS Version 30-JUNE-10
85
Design Conditions: Flow Rate 3240GPM Hot Water 91.40°F Cold Water 81.40°F Wet-Bulb 71.00°F
80
Curve Conditions: Fan Pitch Constant Flow Rate 3240GPM ( 100% Design Flow ) OO# 10025862 Tangency
75
100.0%
FOGGING FREQUENCY CURVE: The curve shown to the left is referred to as a 'Fogging Freqency Curve'. The Fogging Freqency Curve separates entering cooling tower conditions that produce fog at the discharge (Top-Left region of chart) from those that do not produce fog (Bottom-Right region of chart)
70
40
45
50
55
60 Wet Bulb (°F)
65
70
75
80
X
10 °F Range Design Point
Time: 16:18:58 Date: 10-05-2011 Drawn By: MP
