At its 253rd convocation in the Rockefeller Memorial. Chapel in commemoration ... of the Howard Medical School in 194t) and served as acting dean, 1940-41.
JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION VOL. 45
"
JANUARY, 1953
No. 1
ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS: Total Rehabilitation
How'ard A. uIn ra g
Ru.4. M.D. 17
re ss
Harold Dadford 1JVesl, Ph.D. Heart Disease in Relation to Employment
...................................................
..............................-....................
Leonard J. Goldualer, M.D. Controlof Post-Extraction Hemorrhage.
.................................
...
.................
....
5
................
James L. Scales.. D.D.S. Low Frequency Current in Diagnosis and Therapy Gu.kla N. Dat id.ohn, M.D.
Medical Care Organizations
.
.
9
.
34
...
Leslie A. Falk, M.D. Diagnostik Roentgenology in Obstetrics and Gynecology........8................. . WIn. E. Allen, Jr., M.D., F.A.C.R.
...
A Ten-Year Survey of Gall Bladder Surgery at Provident Hospital ..6.
38
.
Roscoe C. Giles, F.A.C.S.. F.I.C.S. The Narcotic Problem in an Urban Community ...
51
.
W'"alter A. Adams. M.D.. Nowbertl Glasser., M.A., and Leonidas H. Berr), A.D. The Detection and Management of Early Toxemia of Late Pregnancy
..
57
.
Julcan 11Waldo Ross., M.D. Culdoscopy: Its Diagnostic Value in Disorders of the Female Pelvis Sacmuel U. Rodgers, M.D.. anid Har-old L. Gainey, M.D.
.
..
62
Closed Treatment of Carcinoma of Bladder ...5. Harve) J. llWhil/ield, M.D., M.Sc.
5
An Anaphylactoid Reaction Due to Oral Penicillin: A Case Report
.
68
..
Harold E. Pierce. Jr., M.D. EDITORIAL: The Reclaimned Art
Therapy .6..........................................................
69
BRIEFS: to Dr. Salutes Hinton
.........................................7..
.......1................
71
DeanU.HonoJolhnson rs Chicago ............2............................................ ........72 .. 72 Chairs WilkinsonImportant M.S.C.N.Y. Committee .......................... .. 72 Trustee Dailey of International College of Surgeons .7......................................... ......... ......... 73 Accreditationof Transferred .......................................... Hospitals 73 (Conlenls. concld on pa,ge 83) --
.............
------
73--
NATIONALMEDICAL ASSOCIATION. Edi'toical Office ..................................1................ 11 Girard Street, N.W., Washington C.9, D. NATIONAL. MEDICAl. ASSOCIATION, Ptublic'atio2anfd Advertising 0/lie.30 Rockefeller Plaza, iNew York 20, N. Y. NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, OfflCe o/ t/he Executive Secretar).1. 108 CilhLrch Street, Norfolk 10, Va. AdI(Iress all Busitness atiiI Advertising Letters to the Publicatiott Office, all otihers to the Editorial Office o* Ptblisi/tcd Bi-Mon,tthl!v bY t(it NATION'A ilIl)t(1C.AL A.SSO(IATJO-, iNC. IANUARY .MAR(t . MAX JULY SEITEMBER . NOVEMBE:R. Subscription 7t'tcetS a copt--$4.00(l per ear- Foreign $3.0( Reentered as secottdi class miiatter January 18, 1939, at tile Post Office at New Y'ork, N. Y., utt(ler the Act of March 3, 187) Copyriglht, 1953, by the National AMedical Association. Iinc. -
JOURNAL
OF
THE
NATIONAL
MEDICAL
ASSOCIATION
W. MONTAGUE COBB, M.D., Editor J. MARK COX, M.D., Assistant Editor ULYSSES G. DAILEY, M.D., Consulting Editor NAIDA W. PAGE, Art Editor
-E DI TOR I AL
BOA R D-
WILLIAM E. ALLEN, M.D., St. Louis RUSSELL ANDERSON, M.D., Tallahassee MICHAEL J. BENT, M.D., Nashville LEONIDAS H. BERRY, M.D., Chicago HENRY A. CALLIS, M.D., Washington EUGENE H. DIBBLE, M.D., Tuskegee LEO V. ENGLISH, Jr., M.D., Detroit CHARLES H. GARVIN, M.D., Cleveland JOHN T. GIVENS, M.D., Norfolk JOHN A. KENNEY, JR., M.D., Ann Arbor H. REMBERT MALLOY, M.D., Winston-Salem
CLYDE W. PHILLIPS, M.D., Chicago PETER M. MURRAY, M.D., New York HOWARD M. PAYNE, M.D., Washington J. EDWARD PERRY, M.D., Kansas City WILLIAM S. QUINLAND, M.D., Tuskegee EMORY 1. ROBINSON, M.D., Los Angeles PAUL T. ROBINSON, M.D., New Orleans C. WALDO SCOTT, M.D., Newport News H. L. SMALL, M.D., Denton, Md. JOHN P. TURNER, M.D., Philadelphia C. AUSTIN WHITTIER, M.D., San Antonio
Publication Committee E. MAE McCARROLL, M.D.
PETER M. MURRAY, M.D., Chr.
W. G. ALEXANDER, M.D.
All correspondence should be mailed to the Editorial Office Address all Business and Advertising Letters to the Business Office CHARLES C. MORCHAND, Business Manager, 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York City 20, Circle 7-4122
__--EDITORIALS .....
THE RECLAIMED ART OF PHYSICAL THERAPY
For the treatment of diseases and injuries various methods are employed. Most cases require a combination of several methods. The tripod of therapy is medicine, surgery and physical therapy. There is still an intolerance of physical therapy by a large number of physicians. The explanation is somewhat involved. Many of the physical methods are new to the present generation of practicing physicians. Physical therapy receives no attention in the curricula of many medical schools. And, in addition, this type of therapy has been adversely exploited by various irregular practitioners. Some honest exponents of physical therapy have been at fault by making enthusiastic, but unscientific claims, while others have treated disease without recognizing the importance of using more than one type of remedy in most cases. The thoughtless condemnation of physical therapy by prominent physicians who, themselves, have had no training or experience in its use has done much to send patients to irregulars to be exploited and
often relieved. Interest has increased since World War II
when physical therapy began playing a prominent part in rehabilitation and also in the treatment of poliomyelitis. The war brought about a much needed correlation. Before this, x-ray therapy was the only form of radiation generally used and today it is a specialty in itself. The American Medical Association has appointed a Council on Physical Therapy to help study the situation, protect the public and physicians against misleading and unethical advertising of equipment as well as to disseminate reliable information on physical therapy subjects. The American Congress of Physical Medicine is an organization of the leading physicians specializing in this branch of therapy and the American Physiotherapy Association consists of trained physiotherapy technicians. These organizations maintain high standards and work closely with the American Medical Association. The art of treatment by physical means is very old. Water, sunlight, exercise, and massage were used to a surprising degree by the ancients. The Egyptians, Chinese, Greeks and Romans employed massage. Hot water and vapor baths have been
72
JOt RNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
...~ ~~
~ ~ ~~~~.
..
..
..^8&,h..
o4
DR. JOSEP)H LEALAND JOHNSON CHICAGO U. HONORS DEAN JOHNSON At its 253rd convocation in the Rockefeller Memorial Chapel in commemoration of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Clinical Departments of the University of Chicago, on October 3, 1952, DR. JOSEPH LEALAND JOHNSON,
dean of the School of Medicine of Howard U'niversity, was one of twenty-eight recipients of Medical Alumni Awards. Dr. Johnson received the M.D., and the Ph.D. in medicine and physiology, simultaneously, from the J. of C. in 1931. He was born January 14, 1895 in Philladelphia, Pa., and received the B.S. from Pennsylvania State College in 1919. He served in World War I as Second Lieutenant with the 350th F.A., U. S. Army. From 1919 to 1920, he was teacher and vice principal in the Kansas Vocational College, Topeka, Kansas, and served from 1920 to 26 as instructor in general science and zoology in the Lincoln High School, Kansas City, Missouri. From 1931 to 1951 he was professor and head of the Department of Physiology in the Howard University School of Medicine. He was briefly vice dean of the Howard Medical School in 194t) and served as acting dean, 1940-41. He has served as dean of the Medical School since 1946. Dr. Johnson is a member of the American Physiological Society, a member of the Advisory Board of the Liberian Institute of Tropical Medicine, which is a subsidary of the American Foundation for Tropical Medicine, and various other scientific and professional societies. He has contributed articles on experimental chronic hyperparathyroidism, the influence of calcium salts on blood sugar and the endocrine system in its relations to dental problems to scientific and
medical journals.
JANUARY. 1953
DR. ROBERT SHAW WILKINSON WILKINSON CHAIRS IMPORTANT M.S.C.N.Y. COMMITTEE
DR. ROBERT S. WILKINSON (M.D., Harvard, '27) of New York City, has been appointed chairman of the Special Committee on Illegal Practice of Medicine of the Medical Society of the County of New York. This is an important regular committee of the nation's largest county medical society on which Dr. Wilkinson has already served for three years. The nature of the committee's work is self-evident indication of the Society's respect for and confidence in the newly appointed chairman. The full committee is composed of seventeen members. Dr. Wilkinson was born in Orangeburg, South Carolina, November 11, 1899, the son of the late Dr. Robert S. Wilkinson, president of South Carolina State College, and Mrs. Marion B. Wilkinson. He received the A.B. magna cum laude in 1924 from Dartmouth College where he was elected to Phi Beta Kappa in his senior year. Dr. Wilkinson graduated from Harvard Medical School in 1927 and completed a two year interneship at Harlem Hospital in 1929. He subsequently served on the staff of the Harlem Hospital Department of Surgery as assistant visiting surgeon, 1929 to 1936; associate visiting surgeon, 1936 to 1948; associate surgeon in charge of Rectal and Colon Surgery, 1948 to 1952, and was promoted to full visiting surgeon in 1952. He is an attending surgeon at Mount Morris Park Hospital and served as its first Director of Surgery from 1948 to 1952. He is chief of surgery of the Upper Manhattan Medical Group of the Health Insurance Plan of New York and from 1940 to 1948 served as consulting surgeon to the Harlem Valley State Hospital, Wingdale, N. Y.
VOL. 45, No. 1
Briefs
During World War II, Dr. Wilkinson served as a major in the Medical Corps of the United States Army and saw service at Fort Huachuca, Arizona. In the India Burma Theater he was chief of surgery of the 335th Station Hospital and later was commander of the 383rd Station Hospital on Okinawa. Dr. Wilkinson is a past president of the Manhattan Central Medical Society. He is a fellow of the American Medical Association, the National Medical Association, the American College of Surgeons and the Harlem Surgical Society. His community and humanitarian activities have covered a wide range. He is a member of the National Medical Committee of the NAACP, of the Committee on Alcoholism of the Welfare and Health Council of New York City and of the Harlem Committee of the New York Tuberculosis and Health Association. From 1936 to 1950 he served on the Board of Visitors of the Harlem Valley State Hospital. In 1946 Dr. Wilkinson received the honorary D.Sc. degree from South Carolina State College. He is a member of the Omega Psi Phi and Sigma Pi Phi fraternities and a past vestryman of the St. Philip's Protestant Episcopal Church. Dr. Wilkinson's publications include seven papers on surgical subjects published in leading American journals. His paper on "Adenomas of the Colon and Rectum," in which he was co-author with DR. ROBERT TURRELL was abstracted in the Year Book of General Surgery for 1951. Dr. Wilkinson is also chairman of the Citizens' Health Education Committee of the M.S.C.N.Y. Other NMA members active in committee work in the Medical Society of the County of New York include: DR. PETER M. MURRAY, vice-president of the Society, chairman of Special Committee on Office Management, member of Planning Committee; DR. ERNEST R. ALEXANDER, vice-chairman of the Committee on Membership; DR. GEORGE D. THORNE, member of Special Committee on Hospitals and Dispensaries, member of Continuing Committee on Discrimination; DR. NORMAN H. PRITCHARD, member of Committee on Public Health; DR. JOHN MANLY, member of Committee on Public Relations; DR. JOHN E. MOSELEY, member of Mediation Committee; DR. THOMAS W. PATRICK, member of Special Committee on Child Welfare; DR. ARTHUR L. GARNES, member of Special Committee on Hospitals and Dispensaries and DR. SYLVESTER J. CARTER, member of Special Committee on Illegal Practice of Medicine. DAILEY TRUSTEE OF INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS
At the testimonial dinner tended DR. MAX THOREK
by a number of Fellows of the International College of Surgeons at the Hotel Bismarck in Chicago, on August 12, 1952, Dr. Thorek, International Secretary-General of the International College of Surgeons presented to Dr.
73
ULYSSES G. DAILEY a certificate advising that Dr. Dailey, in recognition of his "devotion and contributions to the advancement of surgery, had been elected a member of the International Board of Trustees of the College by action at the meeting in Madrid, Spain, May 19, 1952."
ACCREDITATION OF HOSPITALS TRANSFERRED
Ceremonies marking the end of a 35 year period in which the American College of Surgeons held sole responsibility for setting standards for the Nation's hospitals were held on December 6 at the John B. Murphy auditorium in Chicago. At that time the responsibility was transferred to a new Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals, composed of representatives from the American College of Physicians, American College of Surgeons, American Hospital Association, American Medical Association and Canadian Medical Association. DR. GUNNAR GUNDERSEN is the first chairman of the New Commission. Proposal for the formation of the Commission was initiated by the College of Surgeons in the recognition that not only surgeons but other members of organizations concerned with medical care in hospitals should participate in the establishment and enforcement of hospital standards. This combination of organizations constitutes an important milestone in the development of health services for the American people. Since the American College of Surgeons began its survery hospitals in 1917, it has spent approximately two million dollars from dues paid by its Fellows for the operation of a hospital inspection and approval system. The contribution to the improvement of the quality of medical service in American hospitals is generally recognized. Of this strengthened and expanded program Dr. Gundersen says, "It is a voluntary movement, representing the best thinking and the best inspiration of five of the most powerful groups in the world dealing with health. We recognize what this will mean to the care of the sick and the injured, of Canada and the United States. We realize that this may eventually mean much to the care of the sick and the injured the world over. If the duties are discharged well, the benefits through our profession, through our hospitals, and for our civilization are unreckonable." Effectiveness of the program of grading hospitals can be seen from these impressive figures: in 1918 of 692 hospitals surveyed only 83 (12.9 per cent) were approved. Out of 4,111 hospitals surveyed by 1951, 3,352 were approved (91.5 per cent). Headquarters for the new Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals are at 660 North Rush Street, Chicago 11, Illinois. Dr. EDWIN L. CROSBY, former Director of Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore is Executive Director of the Commission.
76
JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
and described it as "an unprecedented action for this section of the country." He said, "it demonstrates a progressive realism on the part of Macon doctors that you don't find elsewhere in the deep South." DR. HENRY TIFT, secretary-treasurer of the Bibb County Medical Society has revealed that on December 2, five Negro physicians, all who applied, were voted into membership in the Society. The physicians are DR. CRAWFORD W. E. DYER (M.D., Meharry, '15), DR. R. STILLMON SMITH (M.D., Meharry, '14), DR. JOSHUA S. WILLIAMS (M.D., Howard, '45), DR. WANZIE A. DAVIS (M.D., Meharry, '18) and DR. GEORGE A. JOHNSTON (M.D., Meharry, '45). TULSA MEDICAL SOCIETY ADMITS FIRST NEGRO
DR. CHARLES J. BATE (M.D., Meharry '38) became the first Negro to be admitted to the Tulsa County Medical Society in Tulsa, Oklahoma. He was elected to "scientific membership" which limits him to attending scientific meetings and to using the library and other facilities of the society. Dr. Bate will also have the right to attend meetings of the Oklahoma State Medical Association and the American Medical Association. He is a native of Tennessee and has been practicing in Tulsa for twelve years.
JANUARY, 1953
Biochemistry has been awarded a Public Health Service Fellowship to complete his studies for his doctorate at the University of Washington. DR. FRANK METELLUS has been appointed senior resident in obstetrics. He was formerly admissions officer at Harlem Hospital, New York, N. Y. Dr. Metellus received his M.D. from the Ecole Nationale de Medicine of Haiti in 1934. DR. ERNEST M. NEWKIRK, following a two year residency in obstetrics and gynecology at Hubbard Hospital, is now engaged under a scholarship in postgraduate study in gynecology at the Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center in New York. During the current year DR. SAM C. COWAN, JR. and DR. THOMAS WARDER will give a number of lectures and demonstrations in Ob-Gyn. A new students' laboratory has been added to the obstetrical service which is very well equipped. MR. J. D. SOLOMON, of the senior class is credited with making this laboratory one of the best equipped in the hospital. DR. MATTHEW WALKER and DR. G. T. ICE, chief resident at Taborian Hospital, Mt. Bayou, Miss., attended the meetings of the American College of Surgeons in New York September 22-26, 1952. HOWARD UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
_-PROFESSIONAL NEWS Medical Education MEHARRY MEDICAL COLLEGE On October 20, 1952, DR. HAROLD DADFORD WEST
inaugurated as the fifth president of the College. DR. ROBERT A. LAMBERT, formerly Associate Medical Director of the Rockefeller Foundation and present vicechairman of the Board of Trustees of Meharry, presided and performed the investiture. Dr. West's inaugural address is printed in this issue of the Journal and a biographical sketch appeared in its issue for July 1952, pp. 316-317. Greetings were extended by representatives
DR. and MRS. ROLAND B. SCOTT entertained informally members and friends of the Department of Pediatrics at their home on October 11 for a discussion of experiences which Dr. Scott and other members of the department had during the last summer in visits to various American and European schools and institutions with particular reference to child care and pediatric education in general.
was
follows: students, MR. CHARLES BASSETT BROWN, Alumni, Dr. ALDUS S. MITCHELL; faculty, DR. DANIEL T. ROLFE; delegates, DR. EDWARD L. TURNER; Nashville institutions, DR. CHARLES S. JOHNSON, DR. HARVIE BRANSCOMB and DR. WALTER S. DAVIS; Trustees, DR. as
HUGH J. MORGAN. The REVS. HERBERT L. WILKINS, PEYTON R. WILLIAMS and DUBRO M. GRISHAM besought the customary divine blessings. Delegates representing 82 colleges and universities, and 56 societies, foundations and agencies were in attendance. More than 200 Meharry alumni from all sections of the country were among the guests. Past presidents of Meharry served as follows: GEORGE W. HUBBARD, 1876-1921; JOHN J. MULLOWNEY, 19211938; EDWARD L. TURNER, 1938-1945; M. DON CLAWSON, 1945-1950. From 1950 to 1952 the College was administered by an Interim Committee of which DR. ROBERT A. LAMBERT was chairman. MR. EMMETT W. CHAPPELLE of the Department of
Grants-in-Aid
DR. JAMES H. M. HENDERSON (Ph.D., Wisconsin, '43), research associate at the Carver Foundation, Tuskegee Institute, has been awarded a grant of $3500 by the American Cancer Society to support continuance of his investigation of abnormal growths in plants which are basically similar to cancer in man. Dr. Henderson received his B.S. from Howard University in 1939 and his M.S., from the University of Wisconsin in 1940. Organizations
RAPPAHANNOCK POST GRADUATE CLINIC, Newport News, Va.
The Ninth Annual Clinic of the Rappahannock Medical Society was held at the Whittaker Memorial Hospital, Newport News, Va., October 16, 1952. Visiting clinicians included DR. S. 0. BINNs, Dixie Hospital, Hampton, and DRs. COLERIDGE M. GILL, ROBERT S. JASON, JOHN B. JOHNSON, BURKE SYPHAX, and JAMES A. WATSON all of Howard University. DR. C. WALDO SCOTT is acting chief of the Department of Surgery and Medical Director of the Whittaker Memorial Hospital. The officers of the Rappahannock Society are: DR. J. B. BLAYTON, president; DR. J. B. CHARLTON, vice-president; DR. W. A. FRANKLIN, secretary-treasurer, DR. E. STANLEY GRANNUM, corres.
VOL. 45, No. i
Pi-of essional News
sect y. DR. M. E. TONEY is chairman of the Executive Committee. CLEVELAND MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, Cleveland, Ohio
The Association entertained the visitors of the Interstate Postgraduate Medical Assembly with a smoker in the beautiful recreation room of the Cleveland-Sandusky Brewing Corporation on Wednesday, November 12, 1952. Dr. A. H. Dyson is the new president of the Cleveland group and Dr. W. M. Hall is secretary. The following visitors were among those attending: Drs. E. H. Jones, Talladega, Ala., Troy Smith, Chicago, Ill., J. C. Wallace, Beaumont, Tex., J. E. Aldrick, St. Louis, Mo., Robert W. Clayton, Grand Rapids, Mich., D. T. Cleaver, Henderson, Tenn., F. D. Funderburg, Monticello, Ga., Earle Williams, Leroy, Ill., and H. N. Middleton, Indianapolis, Ind. MEDICAL READING CLUB, Cleveland, Ohio
The Club met on Tuesday, October 21, 1952. Guest speaker was DR. E. J. GUNN who spoke on "The Leukemias." DR. M. L. CRAWFORD was host. JOHN H. HALE SURGICAL SOCIETY
The John H. Hale Surgical Society of the Carolinas held its annual meetings at the Kate Bittings Reynolds Memorial Hospital, Winston-Salem, N. C., on November 12, 1952. Visiting clinicians included DR. WILLIAM L. SMILEY of Homer G. Phillips Hospital, St. Louis and DR. NELSON C. JEFFERSON, of Provident Hospital, Chicago. The Twin City Medical Society was host to the meeting at the annual banquet. The fifth annual John H. Hale Surgical Fellowship was awarded to DR. ODOM N. COKER of the Kate Bittings Reynolds Hospital for 1952. Previous recipients of this award have been DR. NELSON C. JEFFERSON, 1947; DR. CLYDE W. PHILLIPS, 1949; DR. KENNETH W. CLEMENT, 1950; and DR. EARL BEST SMITH, 1951. The officers of the John H. Hale Surgical Society are DR. JOHN W. V. CORDICE, Durham, president, DR. T. C. McFALL, Charleston, vice-president and DR. F. E. DAVIS, Greensboro, secretary-treasurer. DR. EDSON E. BLACKMAN and DR. J. M. WALKER constituted the program committee. V. A. MEDICO-DENTAL SYMPOSIUM
The Dental Service of the Veterans Administration Hospital at Tuskegee, Alabama, under the direction of DR. CLIFTON 0. DUMMETT, chief, held a Medico-Dental Symposium on November 21, 1952 at the hospital. The conference featured visitors including DR. JOSEPH F. VOLKER, D.D.S. Ph.D., dean of the School of Dentistry of the University of Alabama, DR. GUSTAV W. RAPP, professor biochemistry and physiology, Loyola University and Chicago College of Dental Surgery and DR. HAROLD D. WEST, president and professor of biochemistry at Meharry Medical College. DR. G. C. BRANCHE, chief of professional services at the hospital and DR. T. T. TILDON, manager also participated on the program. The staff of the Dental Service is composed of DR. C. 0.
77
DUMMETT, chief, DR. A. 0. BARNES, DR. N. C. BROOKS, DR. E. B. STEWART and four residents in dentistry, DR. T. A. CROMARTIE, DR. R. B. FORD, DR. L. 0. MOSELY and DR. J. PRYOR. Personal
DR. JAMES M. RICHARDSON of Chicago, Illinois, a certified specialist in Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology was appointed on September 1, 1952, Assistant in Otolaryngology on the staff of the University of Illinois College of Medicine. DR. O'DONNALD SHEPPARD (M.D., Howard, 45), has returned to the United States after a two year tour of duty as Technical Adviser to the Government of Burma. On this assignment, Dr. Sheppard, who holds the rank of surgeon (Major) in the U. S. Public Health Service was on loan to the U. S. Department of State. In Burma Dr. Sheppard saw service in Rangoon and northern Burma. He had a fascinating experience in providing general medical services, organizing and operating VD clinics and other services rendered through mobile hospital units. He served in many official capacities of significant responsibility. Dr. Sheppard plans to remain with the Public Health Service and to pursue formal study in obstetrics and gynecology. DRS. R. FRANK JONES, JOHN W. LAWLAH and ROLAND B. SCOTT of Washington D. C., were voted admission to the Medical Society of the District of Columbia at the meeting of the Executive Board of that Society on November 3, 1952. DR. C. HERBERT MARSHALL of Washington, D. C., and a past president of the NMA was a recent speaker at the Lakin State Hospital, Lakin, West Virginia, of
which DR. S. 0. JOHNSON is director. DR. J. MARK Cox has announced the opening of his
office for the practice of surgery at 1130 Maryland Avenue, N.E., Washington, D. C. DR. C. DAVID HINTON has announced the removal of his offices for the practice of otolaryngology to Medical Diagnostic Center, 1116 W Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. New Diplomates and College Fellows
At the annual convocation of the American College of Surgeons in New York on September 26, 1952, the following physicians were among those accepted into fellowship: DR. ISAAC B. ENGLISH, Pasadena, Calif.; DR. ROBERT E. FULLILOVE, JR., Newark, N. J.; DR. WILLIAM F. GOINS, Detroit, Mich.; DR. CHAUNCEY MORTON, Chicago, Ill.; DR. ROBERT C. STEPTO, Chicago, Ill.; DR. H. PHILLIP VENABLE, St. Louis, Mo.; DR. WATSON WALKER, Columbus, Ohio; DR. RICHARD WALTIER, New York, DR. LEROY R. WEEKS, Los Angeles, Calif; DR. JAMES WHITTICO, St. Louis, Mo. DR. JAMES M. RICHARDSON (M.D., Howard, '34) of Chicago, Illinois, has become a diplomate of the American Board of Otolaryngology. Dr. Richardson has been since 1940 a diplomate of the American Board of Opthalmology and since 1950 a fellow of the American Academy of Ophthalmology.
78
JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
I'-':;'
JANUARY, 1953
MRS. JOSEPHINE GOLDEN MORTON, 63, chief medical librarian in the Howard University School of Medicine for almost twenty-five years, died on October 19 at her home on Seventeenth St., N.W., after a sixmonths illness. Appointed as librarian in 1927, Mrs. Morton developed the library to its present status of well over 60,000 volumes. Many of her ideas were incorporated in the school's new medical library in the Dentistry building now being constructed on the campus. She was awarded one of the first medical librarian certificates by the National Medical Library Association, and at the time of her death was serving on the organization's Criteria for Medical School Libraries committee. She was also a member of the Special Libraries Association. A native of Washington, Mrs. Morton graduated from the old M St. High School and Miner Teachers College. After teaching school here several years she studied Library Science at both the University of Chicago and Columbia University. She is survived by her husband, DR. FRED D. MORTON.
:'. ,.'....._
DR. HFRBERT CLAY SCURLOCK
Deaths
WITH THE ARMEDtFORCES
DR. HERBERT CLAY SCURLOCK (M.D., Howard, '00) 77, emeritus professor of physiological chemistry in Howard University, died September 26, 1952 after a two year illness. He had served forty years on the medical faculty of Howard University. To hundreds of his former students throughout the world, he was fondly known as "the Chair." Dr. Scurlock was born in Fayetteville, N. C., and received the A.B. from Livingstone College, Salisbury, N.C., in 1895. After graduating from Howard Medical School in 1900, he was appointed assistant in chemistry and lecturer in X-ray and electrotherapy in the University's medical school. In 1905, Dr. Scurlock was in charge temporarily of chemistry and physics in the College of Liberal Arts. Later he returned to the School of Medicine as full professor and head of the department of Physiological
MAJOR HOWARD A. BOYD (M.D., Howard '46) has returned to the United States after thirteen months service in Korea. Dr. Boyd was assigned to the Medical Department of the Second Infantry Division. Prior to his overseas service, Dr. Boyd was in training at Fort Meade, Maryland. He is now in Washington awaiting new assignment before entering Percy Jones General Hospital, Battle Creek, Mich., for study in internal medicine. CAPTAIN ANTHONY D. MAXWELL (D.D.S. Howard, '46) has returned briefly to the United States from duty in Munich, Germany. Dr. Maxwell reported great satisfaction with his life in Europe and indicated a desire to return there for additional service. He stated particularly that in various military assignments he had found the training that he had had in anatomy in regions other than the head and neck had been of considerable clinical value to him and he was eager to pass the word along to the younger dental student that the knowledge of the anatomy of the whole body can be of unexpected importance to the dentist.
Chemistry. He received his master of arts degree from Columbia was the author of a number of
University in 1915, and pamphlets on chemistry.
Dr. Scurlock was a past president of the MedicoChirurgical Society of the District of Columbia (1916), and a member of the American Chemical Society, American Association for the Advancement of Science, the National Geographic Society, the National Medical Association, Calvary Episcopal Church, Prince Hall Masonic Lodge No. 14 and the Chi Delta Mu fraternity. He is survived by his widow, Mrs. Mabel S. Scurlock, a son, Herbert S. Scurlock, four daughters, Mrs. Dorothea Dedmon, Mrs. Helen Brown, Mrs. Nina E. Mundy all of Washington and Mrs. Mabel E. Lewis of Wilmington, Del.,
a
brother and
a
sister.
-t
>
N M A AUTHORS
DAILEY, U. G., The Phrenic Nerve in Surgery. Journ. Intern. Col. Surg. Vol. 18, No. 4, 1952, pp. 541-547. FERGUSON, A. D. and R. B. SCOTT, Anorectal Examination of Newborn Infants (Negro), with Reference to the Incidence of Congenital Strictures and Status of Anal Sphincter Tonus. Archives of Pediatrics, 69:10, 1952.
VOL. 45, No. 1
Medical History
MAYNARD, A. DE L. and J. W. V. CORDICE and A. E. MACLERIO. Penetrating Wounds of the Heart: A Report of 81 Cases. Surg. Gyn & Obst., 94:605-618, 1952. PARKER, JR., J. W. and L. T. WRIGHT. The Effect of Terramycin and Aureomycin on Blood Coagulation. Science, Vol. 116, No. 3011, 1952, pp. 282-284. WRIGHT, L. T. The Role of Antibiotics in Surgery. Harlem Hospital Bulletin, Vol. 5, No. 2, 1952, pp. 37-48.
__MEDICAL~#NHM HISTORYTO
CHARLES BURLEIGH PURVIS (See Cover)
DR. CHARLES BURLEIGH PURVIS, whose cover portrait on this issue of the Journal was drawn by our staff artist, MRS. NAIDA WILLETTE PAGE, was the second Negro appointed to the faculty of the Howard University College of Medicine, his appointment on March 15, 1869 having followed that of Dr. Alexander T. Augusta by six months. He was, therefore, the second Negro to become a teacher in an American medical school. His place in medical history rests most significantly upon the fact that during the national financial panic of 1873, he was chiefly responsible for preventing the closing of the Howard Medical School, although many additional contributions were a source of strength to the institution. As one of the physicans who attended PRESIDENT JAMES A. GARFIELD following the attack of the assassin, he is the only Negro physician to have served a president of the United States. With DR. AUGUSTA and DR. A. W. TUCKER, Dr. Purvis was one of three Negro physicians who applied for admission to the Medical Society of the District of Columbia on June 9, 1869 and were rejected solely on account of race, the first recorded instance of such rejection by a constituent society of the American
Medical Association.' Dr. Purvis was physically a handsome man of imposing stature and commanding presence. He had a strong and dynamic personality, a keen intellect and an affable manner. He was a fluent and eloquent speaker and was throughout his career a controversial figure. He died in 1929 at the ripe age of 87. Fifty-seven of his years were devoted to service to the local medical center and Howard University. From 1869 to 1873 he served the School as professor of materia medica and therapeutics and from 1873 to 1906 as professor of obstetrics and gynecology. He was secretary of the faculty from 1873 to 1896 and president of the faculty from 1899 to 1900. In 1900 he was elected dean of the Medical School but declined the post. For sixteen years, 1908 to 1926, he served on the Board of Trustees of Howard University. On retirement he was made an honorary trustee for life. Dr. Purvis was born April 14, 1842, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the son of ROBERT and HARRIET PURVIS. As his father was well-to-do, young Purvis received an
79
adequate preparatory education. He attended Oberlin College from 1860 to 1863 and was graduated from Wooster Medical College, now Western Reserve Medical School, in Cleveland, in 1865. In June of the same year he came to Washington, D. C., with a commission as Acting Assistant Surgeon in the United States Army. Dr. Purvis served in the Army until 1869, when he became Assistant Surgeon of Freedmen's Hospital. This post he held until his promotion to Surgeon-in-Chief in 1881. He resigned the position as Surgeon-in-Chief in 1894, because of the election of Grover Cleveland. He was succeeded by another physician important in the annals of Negro medical history, DR. DANIEL HALE WILLIAMS, whose appointment was regarded as political from the Democratic party, and was the first instance of attempts to make a political plum of the directorship of Freedmen's Hospital. The Medical Department was supported entirely by Howard University from 1868 to 1873. During the financial panic of 1873 Howard University suffered along with other educational institutions. In the necessary curtailing of expenses, the professors of the Medical Department were notified that their salaries could no longer be paid by the University and therefore their resignations were requested. The professors' resignations were received June 3, 1873. The Trustees of the University reelected the same instructors at the same salaries, but would not guarantee payment. All receipts of the Medical Department were to be pro-rated.2 Only three of the professors accepted reappointment.* They were DR. CHARLES B. PURVIS, DR. A. T. AUGUSTA and DR. G. S. PALMER. On July 1, 1873, these three met in what Dyson3 has termed the most momentous meeting of the medical faculty to this day. They decided to carry on. Purvis was the wheel horse. The withdrawal of University support made the future of the Medical Department very dark. Dr. Purvis was given permission by the University to continue the Medical Department provided he did not obligate the Trustees of Howard University for any debts. As Secretary ProTem of the Medical Department he went to DOCTORS NEIL F. GRAHAM, THOMAS B. HOOD and DANIEL S. LAMB and pleaded with them to help carry on the Medical Department. These unselfish men realized the situation and pledged their help. These men, outstanding in their profession and the community, kept the doors of the Medical Department open. They had a courage seldom found today, for they faced ostracism by their friends and associates because they were willing to teach colored students. In spite of obstacles, discouragements and constant criticism, they never swerved from their purpose. This group was known as the Senior Faculty of the Medical Department and assumed the educational as well as the financial responsibilities of the school. At the end of the school year, after all debts were paid, they divided any balance that was Lamb states that Dr. William C. Tilden also accepted reappointment. The record does not indicate any further service by the latter.
N.M.A. Activities
VOL. 45, No. 1
83
Enttertainmwtent: J. L. B. FORRESTER, M.I)., Chairmiian, J. M. Tyus, M.D., H. L. MEADORS, M.D.
=-N M A ACTIVITIES
Ways and Means: W. H. GRANT, M.D., J. WN!. GLOVER, M.D.,
THE 1953 NASHVILLE CONVENTION COMMITTEES W. H. FAULKNER, Getneral Chairmiiatt Surgery: M. WALKER, AI.)., Chairmiiant, L. M. DONALDSON,
J. E. FRANCIS, M.D. Transportation: (R. F. BOYD AUXILIARY) Citizens: REV. H. A. BOYD, Chairman, ATTY. Z. A. LOOBY, REV. J. T. 1'ATTON, V. H. D)IXON, FLEM OTEY, L. J. GUNN, J. A. (GALLOWAY, C. L. NICKISSACK Fintantce: J. NV. BRIGHT, M.D., Chairmian, H. H. WNALKER, M.)., F. L. HAWTHORNE, M.D. Program: F. MICCLENTON, M.D., Chairnman, A. M. ToWN-
M.D., C. A. DENT, M. 1). Obstetrics anzd Gynecology: WV. F. B. JAMES, M.)., Chairmnan, C. J. WALKER, M.D., C. A. TREHERNE, M.D.
Ear, Nose anid Thzr-oat: J. L. B. FORRESTER, M.)., Chairman, A. C. HANSEN, AM.D., A. P. JOHNSON, M.D. Dentistry: W. H. WATSON, M.D., Chairnmant Pediatrics: E. P. CRUMP, M.D., Chairmant, J. NI. ROBINSON, M.l)., F. MICCLENTON, MIl). Medicine: G. B. BROTHERS, M.D., Chairmant, E. C. NASH, M.D., CLEVE EWELL, Ml).
Roentgenology: G. J. TARLETON, M.)., Chairmani, C. COKELY, M.D., JAMES SMITH, M.D. Eye: A. C. HANSEN, MI.)., Chairman, J. L. B. FORRESTER, Ml.D., JAMES SMITH, M.D. Pharmitacy: WV. C. BAINES, Chairmnan, E. L. PRICE, JR., CANZY THOMAS-STARI.I NG Publicity: IRENE S. P. FRANCIS, M.D., Chairnlan, 0. L. HAMBRICK, AI.D., R. B. XVILSON, AI.D. Nursing: A. A. ANDERSON, M.D., Chairnlant Clinics and Hospital Assignment: R. T. SMITH, M.D., Chair-
man Housing: W. H. FAULKNER, M.D., Chairnlan, WV. D. DENNY, M.)., XV. H. GRANT, MI.D. Registration: T. H. BULLARD, M.D., Chairmtan, B. E. MAJORS, M.D., W. T. FULLER, M.). Welcome: J. H. HOLMAN, M.D., Chairnliani, F. A. MONCUR, M.D.
CONTENTS
SEND, SR., MI). Coordinationt of Scienttific W4'ork: D. T. ROLFE, M.D., Chairmnanl, MN. XVALKER, M.I)., G. B. BROTHERS, M.D., E. P. CRUMP, M.D)., W. F. B. JAMES, AM.D.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT TO HOSTS October 20, 1952 DR. H. F. BOUYER President Cook County Plhysicians Assn., 6252 South Parkway Chicago 37, Illinois
Dear Dr. Bouyer: The Board of Trustees, Officers, and MIemhers of the National 'Medical Association wish to express their deelpest appreciation to tile Cook County Physicians Association for your liospitality to us (luring tile past meetinig of the Association in Clhicago. We are coiiscious of tlle probhems you faced and of the sacrifices made in order to pave the way for a smooti running program. We are pleased that every pllase of the Convention was a success. With sincere thanks, I am G.ratefully yours, A. C. TERRENCE, IM.D., Secretary, Board of Trustees, N.M.A.
(Continued)
INTEGRATION BATTLE FRONT: of Illinois ................................................................................................ The New Community Hospital Evanston, 75 .......75........................................... Five University of Texas Admits Georgia County Society Opens Doors Wide .............................. ................................................................... 75 Tulsa Medical Society Admits First Negro .76 PROFESSIONAL NEWS: 76 .................................................................................... Medical Education ....... ............................................................ Grants-in-Aid
Organizations.76 Personal.77 New Diplomates and College Fellows .----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.............-----Deaths
..........................................................................................
WITH
THE ARMED
FORCES ........................7.......8...............
A. .................7.................................8................................... N. M.AUTHORS MEDICAL HISTORY ........................................................................7......................................... N. M. A.ACTIVITIES .................8...................2........... ANNOUNCEMENTS ............................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................ BOOK REVIEW
....................2..............................................
S
84
JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
ANNOUNCEMENTS JOHN A. ANDREW CLINICAL SOCIETY
The annual meetings of the John A. Andrew Clinic and the John A. Andrew Clinical Society will be held at Tuskegee Institute, April 12-18, 1953. The Policies and Plans Committee will meet on Sunday morning, April 12. The convention will feature presentations and exhibits from the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis and a special symposium on the cancer problem. Tuskegee Institute has remodelled its Dorothy Hall where guests will be installed and a new dining room as well as a coffee shop will provide improved facilities for guests. THE INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY OF PROCTOLOGY 1952 AWARD CONTEST The Annual Cash Prize and Certificate of AMerit Award Contest for 1952-53 lhas been antnounced. All manuscript entries are limited to 5,000 words, must be typewritten in English and submitted in five copies. All enitries must be received no later than April 1, 1953. Enitries should be addressed to the International Academy of Proctology, 43-55 Kissena Blvd., Flushing 55, N. Y. The formal award of the First Prize and a presentation of otlier certificates, will be made at the Annual Conivention Dinner D)ance of the International Academy of Proctology in MIay of 1953. The best unpublished contribution on Proctology or allied subjects will be awarded $100.00 and a certificate of iimerit. The competition is open to all plhysicians in all countries, wlhether or not affiliated witls the International Academy of Proctology.
-- _
BOOK REVIEWS
THE EPITOME OF ANDREAS VESALIUS translated by L. R.
Lind, Ph.D. University of Kansas. The Macmillian Company, New York, 1949. Publication No. 21. Historical Library, Yale Medical Library. xxxvi + 103 pp. with 25 pp. original text. $7.50. This is a second book. Both are reviewed in the article. THE ILLUSTRATIONS FROM THE WORKS OF ANDREAS VESALIUS OF BRUSSELS with annotations and translations, a discussion of the plates and their background, authorship and influence, and a biographical sketch of Vesalius by J. B. deC. M. Saunders, University of California and Charles D. OMalley, Stanford University. The World Publishing Company, Cleveland and New York, 1950. 252 pp. $10.00. In this mechanized age the abundance of everyday marvels accentuates the tendency to feel that only the present counts. This is manifest in the medical profession where the importance of knowledge of medical history is publicly professed and privately ignored. Modern reproductions of classic works make it more and more inexcusable for the physician of today to be ignorant of the many broad shoulders on which he stands.
JANUARY, 1953
he one mighty work which is universally acknowledged to be the foundation of modern medicine is the Fabrica of Andreas Vesalius. It is particularly fortunate that at about the same time there have become available this first English translation of the Epitomne by Dr. Lind, and the annotated plates from the Fabrica by Drs. Saunders and O'Malley. Both these volumes should be on the shelves of every practitioner where they might be browsed through daily. These books were independently produced by different authors through different publishers, though in his preface Dr. Lind indicates close consultation with Dr. Saunders. Each volume stands alone as a separate contribution, but in many ways they supplement each other and the reviewer would not be without either of them. Both works contain scholarly historical introductions. As an appendix to the Lind work, there are facsimile reproductions of the Epitome, both Latin text and illustrations. The Saunders and O'Malley book is more comprehensive and presents the translations of the legends to each of the original plates. The reader feels the greatest gratitude to the authors for the way in which they have supplied necessary commentary wherever the need appears. Saunders and O'Malley have superbly succeeded in giving us Vesalius in modern, easily digestible form. For this service, their ILLUSTRATIONS FROM THE WORKS OF ANDREAS VESALIUS cannot be too highly praised. As a companion volume THE EPITOME OF ANDREAS VESALIUS as translated by Dr. Lind is a must. THE HUMAN PELVIS by Carl C. Francis, A.B., M.D., Assistant Professor of Anatomy Department of Anatomy, Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. Illustrated C. V. Mosby Co., St. Louis, 1952. 210 pp. $5.00. The title of Dr. Francis' book is its only inaccuracy. The title connotes a treatise dealing primarily with the bony pelvis. Considerations relating to the bony pelvis comprise only the first four chapters giving vast information on the structure, growth, age changes, measurements, and variations in the bones of the pelvis. However, in succeeding chapters equally detailed, documented and well illustrated material is presented on muscles and fasciae of the entire area including the perineum, the blood, lymphatic and nerve supply of the region, as well as the various systems that are a part of or pass through the pelvis, namely the intestines, urinary organs, and genitalia. A concluding chapter briefly but clearly describes the embryological development of these organs or systems. It is truly an invaluable book, particularly because of its small size, concise statements and beautiful illustrations. "The Human Pelvis" is an unusual volume and despite its being a purely anatomical treatise, it should be on the reference shelf of every student and specialist in the fields of anatomy, anthropology, pathology, obstetrics, endocrinology, urology, growth and geriatrics. Data have been complied from innumerable worthy sources and presented in discussion and tables relating the pelvis to all of the specialized areas of medicine
