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Frequency Doubling of a Nd:YAG Laser with an Organic Nonlinear Optical Crystal W.P. Risk, W.E. Moerner, Victor Y. Lee, 12 PERSONALAUTHOR(S) Stephen Ducharme, R.J. Twieg, and G.C. Bjorklund Intracavity

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1990, March, 13

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-nonlinear

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organic crystals/

intracavity/ second

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harmonic generation,

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We have demonstrated intracavity second harmonic generation of green 532 nn light in a quasi-cw 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser using organic nonlinear optical crystals of DAN (4-(N,N-dimethylamino)-3-acetamidonitrobenzene) immersed ir This index matching fluid contained in an antireflection-coated cuvette. technique permits crystals to be used directly from solution growth withou Up to 0.56 mW peak power of 532 polishing or antireflection coating them. nm light was generated from 2.3 W of intracavity 1064 nm peak power in 100 We also report preliminary results on true cw. ntramicrosecond pulses. oncoated DAN crystals." ntcnl W, f-1, nevr3t-,cav it-iy harmonic

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Technical Report No. 24 Intracavity Frequency Doubling of a Nd:YAG Laser with an Organic Nonlinear Optical Crystal by Stephen Ducharme, W. P. Risk, W. E. Moerner, Victor Y. Lee, R. J. Twieg, and G. C. Bjorklund Prepared for Publication in Applied Physics Letters IBM Research Division Almaden Research Center 650 Harry Road San Jose, California 95120-6099 Marci 13, 1990 Reproduction in whole, or in part, is permitted for any purpose of' the United States Government. This document has been approved for public release and sale; its distribution is unlimited.

Intracavity frequency doubling of a Nd:YAG laser with an organic nonlinear optical crystal

Stephen Ducharme, W. P. Risk, W. E. Moerner, Victor Y. Lee, R. J. Twieg, and G. C. Bjorklund

IBM Almaden Research Center OTIC

San Jose, California 95120-6099

CO INSPECTED 4

(Received

ABSTRACT: We have demonstrated intracavity second harmonic generation of green 532 nm light in a quasi-cw 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser using organic nonlinear optical crystals of DAN (4-(N,N-dimethylamino)-3-acetamidonitrobenzene) immersed in index matching fluid contained in an antireflection-coated cuvette. This technique permits crystals to be used directly from solution growth without polishing or antireflection coating them. Up to 0.56 mW peak power of 532 nm light was generated from 2.3

?or

W of intracavity 1064 nm peak power in 100 microsecond pulses. We also report I i preliminary results on true cw intracavity harmonic generation with antireflection

.

coated DAN crystals. Availability Codes vail and/or Nest

Special

-3with dimethylamine in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The yellow DAN powder was then purified by repeated recrystallization from solution in a mixture of ethanol and water. Additional purification was performed by column chromatography on silica gel with a mixture of ethyl acetate and hexane followed by further recrystallizations from a mixture of methylene chloride and hexane. The purity of the DAN powder was confirmed by high pressure liquid chromatography. Single crystals of DAN were grown from DMSO solution in a tube with excess feed material at the bottom. 11Thermal convection within the tube was created by maintaining the temperature at the bottom of the tube at 29 C while the upper portion of the tube was held at 27"C. High quality crystals of up to 10x7x2 mm were obtained in 3 to 4 weeks. DAN belongs to the monoclinic space group P2 (point group 2) 12 and the crystals grown in solution have large (001) facets and are generally trapezoidal in shape with smaller (010) (011), (011) and (112) facets when taken directly from the growth solution. The crystals studied in this work ranged in thickness from 0.6 mm to 1.3 mm and in area from 4 mm2 to 10 mm2 and had smooth but moderately distorted (001) facets. Loss due to the crystal surface reflections and roughness was reduced by..immersing the as-grown crystals in index matching fluid so that crystals could be used as grown, without polishing or antireflection-coating the surface. The Cargille Series A Refractive Index Fluids (a mixture of hydrogenated terphenyl and l-bromonapthalene) were contained in a BK7 glass spectroscopic cuvette which was antireflection coated for 1064 nm on the entrance and exit faces (Fig. 1(a)). Total reflection loss from the two cuvette-fluid and two fluid-crystal interfaces was calculated to be 0.4 % for an optimum fluid index of n = 1.597 and less than 0.8 % for 1.5