SAMPLE MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS & STUDY STRATEGIES. The format
... Which of the following statements about the physiology of fever is/are TRUE?
COMPARATIVE ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM SAMPLE MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS & STUDY STRATEGIES The format of the final will be very similar to the format of your mid-term exams. It will, however, be approximately twice as long. USE THESE QUESTIONS AND STUDY IDEAS ONLY AS A SUPPLEMENT TO RE-WRITING YOUR NOTES, TEACHING AND STUDYING WITH YOUR CLASSMATES, AND WRITING AND ANSWERING YOUR OWN STUDY QUESTIONS. EXAMPLE MULTIPLE CHOICE FROM PAST FINAL EXAMS (to give you an idea of the level of detail expected w.r.t. material already covered). Circle all that apply. 1. a) b) c) d) e)
Structural division of the right and left sides of the vertebrate heart is … required to prevent mixing of arterial and venous blood. required to prevent mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. linked to endothermy. required to maintain different pressures in the pulmonary and systemic circuits. required to maintain different pressures in the arterial and venous systems.
3. a) b) c) d) e)
Which of the following statements about the physiology of fever is/are TRUE? It begins with intense sweating. It is due to inactivation of peripheral thermoreceptors by pyrogens. It is a controlled rise in body temperature. It is an uncontrolled rise in body temperature. None of these statements are TRUE.
4. a) b) c) d) e)
Which of the following measurements can have a Q10 value associated with it? Growth rate Lung volume Breathing rate Kidney filtration rate Oxygen affinity of hemoglobin
5. a) b) c) d) e)
The mammalian respiratory system is characterized by all of the following except alveoli lamellae air capillaries bronchi cross-current flow between air and blood
6. Based on the information discussed in class, which of the following organisms is an osmoregulator in its natural habitat? a) the HUGE Madagascar hisssssssssssssing cockroaches that are sold in vending machines in Japan (!!!!) b) the giant tube worms (Riftia sp.) that live at great depths in the vicinity of blacksmokers (hydrothermal vents) in the Pacific Ocean (!!!) c) the great white shark that was recently sighted off of Point Defiance (!!!!) d) the giant octopuses that are reported to live in the Puget Sound (!!!!) e) the monstrous and endangered marine fish known as Chilean sea bass (!!!)
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7. Which of the following statements about kidney structure and function is/are TRUE? a) Ultrafiltration is important for reclaiming ions and other important molecules during the process of urine formation. b) Active transport is involved in removing unwanted molecules from the body by transferring them into the nephron. c) Active transport is involved in reclaiming desired molecules from the ultrafiltrate (primary urine) by transferring them out of the nephron. d) The loop of Henle in reptiles is comprised only of thin tubules. e) All statements are FALSE. 9. Vertebrate fast-twitch glycolytic (FG) fibers can be distinguished from vertebrate slow-twitch oxidative (SO) fibers because FG fibers … a) have a smaller diameter. b) possess a lower volume of mitochondria. c) have membranes that conduct action potentials. d) require extracellular calcium for contraction. e) fatigue faster. 10. Which of the following statements about ectotherms is/are TRUE? a) Their body temperature is always the same as the temperature of their environment. b) They cannot tolerate more than a 2 - 3 °C variation in core body temperature. c) They are not found in polar seas. d) Many ectothermic species can survive freezing of intracellular fluid. e) None of these statements are TRUE.
THESE ARE A FEW IDEAS ABOUT HOW TO GO ABOUT STUDYING FOR THIS EXAM A. Avery good way to study for the final is to use a compare and contrast format. Here are some examples (clearly not an exhaustive list): 1. Compare and contrast how endotherms and ectotherms respond to acute decreases in temperature in terms of: a. Metabolic rate b. Body temperature c. O2 affinity of respiratory pigments d. Rate of heat loss e. Etc. 2. Compare and contrast how endotherms and ectotherms would respond to prolonged cold exposure (e.g., on a seasonal basis). 3. Compare and contrast the nervous and endocrine response to declining ambient temperature in endotherms. 4. Compare and contrast the adenohypophysis and the neurohypophysis.
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5. Compare and contrast the meaning and time scale of adaptation, acclimation, and acclimatization. 6. Compare and contrast the respiratory systems of birds, mammals and fish. 7. Compare and contrast the adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex in terms of structure, hormones, and physiological roles. 8. Compare and contrast the Bohr, Root, and Haldane effects. See what I mean? Do as many of these kinds of comparisons as you can. Make sure you write out the answers ... don’t just think about them. B. Another good way to study for the final is to make up scenarios that lead to questions about topics addressed in the course. The best questions will integrate information from different lectures/topics. For example: 1. You just gave blood and they accidentally took twice as much as they should have ... oops. Because of this, your blood pressure has taken a swift nose-dive. Describe how your nervous system would compensate for this decrease in pressure to ensure adequate delivery of O2 to your tissues. How would your endocrine system respond? Why is it important that both the endocrine and nervous systems are involved reestablishing your “correct” blood pressure. 2. A Pacific Northwest homeowner builds a pond garden in her backyard and stocks it with carp (a type of fish related to goldfish). She leaves these carp outside all year round and notices that the carp appear to retain the same level of activity in the winter and the summer. Describe what metabolic changes are occurring at the whole animal level to enable the fish to maintain a constant level of activity despite the difference in temperature. Describe cellular/biochemical level changes that are likely to underlie the whole animal responses. Make your own scenarios ... it’s a fun and productive way to study! C. It is also productive to specifically create integrative questions that draw upon new and old material. For example: • Urine formation and endocrinology • Thermoregulation and the endocrine and nervous systems • Blood pressure and the endocrine and nervous systems • Regulation of glucose concentration in the blood and urine formation, fuel homeostasis, and blood pressure D. Another good way to study is to describe processes. For example: • In mammals, what processes are involved in getting oxygen from the environment to the tissue mitochondria? Be as detailed as possible in describing the systems involved. I would never ask a question as open-ended as this on an exam (it would be a nightmare for all involved), but it is a good way to test your knowledge. •
Describe the process whereby a receptor cell translates a physical stimulus into a biological signal (action potential).
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Describe the processes involved in turning the large volume of primary urine into a small volume of concentrated urine in mammals.
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There are obviously many more processes we talked about … these are just to get you going.
E. Go over past exams (the keys are still posted) and study guides. • Was there anything that we covered that didn’t make it on the past exams? • Look back at the questions asked and construct questions that go in the opposite direction (e.g., if I asked a question about cold acclimation, re-write the question to be about warm acclimation). Answer the questions that you make in writing.
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