1 Geothermal Energy - bei der SGTK

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Areas with high geothermal gradient. Spektrum der Wissenschaft, 9/2012. Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II. Geothermal Energy. Geothermal.
Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II

Geothermal Energy

Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II

Geothermal Energy

ETHZ New chair for geo-energy

Geothermal Energy

Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II

Geothermal Energy

Energy consumption

Geothermal Energy

Energy consumption in Switzerland 1910 - 2010

Worldwide increasing energy consumption is constantly increasing (1965 – 2005)

Swiss Federal Office of Energy SFOE Extract from the Swiss Energy Statistics 2010

Worldwide energy consumption per capita in kg of oil equivalent

Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II

Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II

Geothermal Energy

Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II

Geothermal Energy

Geothermal Energy

Geothermal Energy can directly be observed in volcanic environment

Geothermal power plant Nesjavellir, Island



Lava

Spektrum der Wissenschaft, 9/2012



Geisir, Hot Spring

Geothermal Energy

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Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II

Geothermal Energy

Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II

Geothermal Energy

Geothermal Energy

Areas with high geothermal gradient

Comparison of renewable energies with respect to:

Spektrum der Wissenschaft, 9/2012



Electrical power



Annual production



Availability

Geothermal Energy

Spektrum der Wissenschaft, 9/2012

Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II

Geothermal Energy

Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II

Geothermal Energy

Thermo physical properties:

Geothermal Energy Where does the heat come from? •



Radioactive decay of U-, Th- and Kisotopes (70 %) From gravitation (formation of the earth 4.5 billion years ago)



Thermal conductivity k [W m-1 K-1]



Specific heat capacity c [J kg-1 K-1]



Heat flux q [W m-2]

Overview of usage of geothermal energy

q = k grad T (heat flux = product of thermal conductivity and thermal gradient)

m-1

K-1



krocks: 2 – 6 W



kwater: 0.598 W m-1 K-1



crocks: 0.75 - 0.85 kJ kg-1 K-1



cwater: 4.187 kJ kg-1 K-1

Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II



Collectors



GW-wells



Ground source heat pump systems



Hydrothermal systems



Hot-Dry-Rock EGS

Geothermal Energy

Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II

Geothermal Energy

Low Temperature: Low Temperature: In Switzerland mostly Ground Source Heat Pump Systems

GSHP (Erdwärmesonde): •

Drilling of well



Installation of two PE-tubes connected with an U-shaped bottom piece to each other to allow closed circulation



Grouting of the well

Max. depth 400 m

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Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II

Geothermal Energy

Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II

Geothermal Energy

Low Temperature: Heat Pump:

Risks with GSHP



Working fluid; e.g. propane

GSHP in general



Compressor



Heat exchanger (condenser)



Expansion valve



Heat exchanger (evaporator)

•http://www.videoportal. sf.tv/video?id=4aa5080 8-ca42-4d8c-96f1a48c57b57420

Stauffen (D)

•http://www.videoportal. sf.tv/video?id=ba71f899 -306e-405c-a7edcc76a299bc98

Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II

Geothermal Energy

Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II

Intermediate Temperature:

Intermediate Temperature:

Example Riehen (operating since 1994)

Geothermal energy from deep aquifers (300 – 2000 m) Doublette system: drilling of 2 wells Æ 1 production well Æ 1 injection well

Bohrung 1 (Entnahmebrunnen)

1547 m

Bohrung 2 (Injektionsbohrung)

1247 m

Temperatur Tiefenwasser Auslauftemperatur

Application: heating (district heating; heating for production)

Fördermenge Mineralisation Anzahl Wärmebezüger

Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II

Geothermal Energy

Geothermal Energy

66° C

65° C 18 l/s

18.2 g/l 180 Liegenschaften

Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II

Geothermal Energy

Intermediate Temperature: Example Schlattingen

Intermediate Temperature:

First borehole drilled 2010/2011

Example Schlattingen Second borehole drilled February – April 2013 Result: One vertical and one directionally drilled borehole

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Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II

Geothermal Energy

Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II

Intermediate Temperature:

Intermediate Temperature:

Example Zürich Tiemli

Example Zürich Tiemli

Geothermal Energy

Drilled 2009/2010 Final depth of 2’434 m was reached on January 24, 2010

Borehole was completed with a deep ground source heat pump

No accidents, no interruption, no seismicity

(TEWS = Tiefe Erdwärmesonde)

But also no water!

Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II

Geothermal Energy

Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II

High Temperature - Hydrothermal:

High Temperature - Hydrothermal:

Geothermal energy from very deep aquifers (4000 – 6000 m)

Geothermal Energy Project St. Gallen

Pre-study:

Doublette system: drilling of 2 or more wells for production and injection Application: production of electric energy and district heating

Seismic Field Campaign

•http://www.videoportal.sf.tv/video? id=9daa50f2-e403-47da-8ec6e419325cd164

Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II

High Temperature - Hydrothermal: Geothermal Energy Project St. Gallen

Pre-study: Interpretation of seismic measurements

Geothermal Energy

Geothermal Energy

http://www.videoportal.s f.tv/video?id=85dbfa4f1af3-48d1-953d775d51efc6f0

Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II

Geothermal Energy

High Temperature: Geothermal Energy Project St. Gallen Results from 3D seismic field campaign 2 potential aquifers: Upper Malm and Lower Muschelkalk

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Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II

Geothermal Energy

Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II

High Temperature - Hydrothermal:

High Temperature - Hydrothermal:

St. Gallen

St. Gallen

Drilling of first borehole started on March 4, 2013

Drilling of first borehole started on March 4, 2013

http://www.youtube.com/w atch?feature=player_emb edded&v=Pchb3YwJNQ#!

Logging and testing program

Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II

Geothermal Energy

High Temperature:

St. Gallen

Logging and testing program

Logging and testing program

Production tests (pump tests) using the airlift technique

High Temperature: St. Gallen Logging and testing program

Separation of pumped water from injected air

Geothermal Energy

High Temperature - Hydrothermal:

St. Gallen

Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II

Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II

Geothermal Energy

Picture: BOP of drill site Taufkirchen (D)

Geothermal Energy

Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II

Geothermal Energy

High Temperature - Hydrothermal: St. Gallen Logging and testing program

Cooling of the thermal water and temporary storage (before reinjection)

http://vimeo.com/53481 968

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Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II

Geothermal Energy

Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II

High Temperature - Hydrothermal:

High Temperature - Hydrothermal:

St. Gallen

St. Gallen

Logging and testing program

Geothermal Energy

Planned power plant (Picture: Unterhaching (D))

Pumping of thermal water to cooling system

Production of electricity with OCR or Kalina plant

Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II

Geothermal Energy

Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II

Geothermal Energy

High Temperature - HydrothermalÆ natural aquifer

- PetrothermalÆ artifical fracture network

Stimulated system/ Hot Dry Rock/EGS

- PetrothermalÆ artifical fracture network •

Stimulated system/



Hot Dry Rock



EGS

Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II

High Temperature - Petrothermal:

Artificially created fractured heat exchanger in a low permeable rock mass Example: Soultzsous-Forêt (F)

Geothermal Energy

Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II

High Temperature - Petrothermal:

High Temperature - Petrothermal:

Stimulated system/ Hot Dry Rock/EGS

Stimulated system/ Hot Dry Rock/EGS

Artificially created fractured heat exchanger in a low permeable rock mass

Artificially created fractured heat exchanger in a low permeable rock mass

Example: Soultzsous-Forêt (F)

Example: Basel

Geothermal Energy

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Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II

Geothermal Energy

Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II

Geothermal Energy

High Temperature: Seismic Risks High Temperature - Petrothermal: Stimulated system/ Hot Dry Rock/EGS Basel December 2006: Seismic events during water injection in first borehole

http://www.videoportal.s f.tv/video?id=c2df44b56823-4fd5-a47adbe49f498dbf

Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II

Geothermal Energy

High Temperature: Seismic Risks Æ lessons learnt from Basel

Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II

Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II

Geothermal Energy

High Temperature: New EGS-concept of Geo-Energie Suisse AG

Geothermal Energy

Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II

Geothermal Energy

New EGS-concept: Multi-frac system

New drilling technique:

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