Areas with high geothermal gradient. Spektrum der Wissenschaft, 9/2012.
Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II. Geothermal Energy.
Geothermal.
Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II
Geothermal Energy
Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II
Geothermal Energy
ETHZ New chair for geo-energy
Geothermal Energy
Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II
Geothermal Energy
Energy consumption
Geothermal Energy
Energy consumption in Switzerland 1910 - 2010
Worldwide increasing energy consumption is constantly increasing (1965 – 2005)
Swiss Federal Office of Energy SFOE Extract from the Swiss Energy Statistics 2010
Worldwide energy consumption per capita in kg of oil equivalent
Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II
Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II
Geothermal Energy
Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II
Geothermal Energy
Geothermal Energy
Geothermal Energy can directly be observed in volcanic environment
Geothermal power plant Nesjavellir, Island
•
Lava
Spektrum der Wissenschaft, 9/2012
•
Geisir, Hot Spring
Geothermal Energy
1
Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II
Geothermal Energy
Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II
Geothermal Energy
Geothermal Energy
Areas with high geothermal gradient
Comparison of renewable energies with respect to:
Spektrum der Wissenschaft, 9/2012
•
Electrical power
•
Annual production
•
Availability
Geothermal Energy
Spektrum der Wissenschaft, 9/2012
Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II
Geothermal Energy
Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II
Geothermal Energy
Thermo physical properties:
Geothermal Energy Where does the heat come from? •
•
Radioactive decay of U-, Th- and Kisotopes (70 %) From gravitation (formation of the earth 4.5 billion years ago)
•
Thermal conductivity k [W m-1 K-1]
•
Specific heat capacity c [J kg-1 K-1]
•
Heat flux q [W m-2]
Overview of usage of geothermal energy
q = k grad T (heat flux = product of thermal conductivity and thermal gradient)
m-1
K-1
•
krocks: 2 – 6 W
•
kwater: 0.598 W m-1 K-1
•
crocks: 0.75 - 0.85 kJ kg-1 K-1
•
cwater: 4.187 kJ kg-1 K-1
Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II
•
Collectors
•
GW-wells
•
Ground source heat pump systems
•
Hydrothermal systems
•
Hot-Dry-Rock EGS
Geothermal Energy
Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II
Geothermal Energy
Low Temperature: Low Temperature: In Switzerland mostly Ground Source Heat Pump Systems
GSHP (Erdwärmesonde): •
Drilling of well
•
Installation of two PE-tubes connected with an U-shaped bottom piece to each other to allow closed circulation
Production tests (pump tests) using the airlift technique
High Temperature: St. Gallen Logging and testing program
Separation of pumped water from injected air
Geothermal Energy
High Temperature - Hydrothermal:
St. Gallen
Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II
Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II
Geothermal Energy
Picture: BOP of drill site Taufkirchen (D)
Geothermal Energy
Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II
Geothermal Energy
High Temperature - Hydrothermal: St. Gallen Logging and testing program
Cooling of the thermal water and temporary storage (before reinjection)
http://vimeo.com/53481 968
5
Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II
Geothermal Energy
Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II
High Temperature - Hydrothermal:
High Temperature - Hydrothermal:
St. Gallen
St. Gallen
Logging and testing program
Geothermal Energy
Planned power plant (Picture: Unterhaching (D))
Pumping of thermal water to cooling system
Production of electricity with OCR or Kalina plant
Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II
Geothermal Energy
Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II
Geothermal Energy
High Temperature - HydrothermalÆ natural aquifer
- PetrothermalÆ artifical fracture network
Stimulated system/ Hot Dry Rock/EGS
- PetrothermalÆ artifical fracture network •
Stimulated system/
•
Hot Dry Rock
•
EGS
Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II
High Temperature - Petrothermal:
Artificially created fractured heat exchanger in a low permeable rock mass Example: Soultzsous-Forêt (F)
Geothermal Energy
Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II
High Temperature - Petrothermal:
High Temperature - Petrothermal:
Stimulated system/ Hot Dry Rock/EGS
Stimulated system/ Hot Dry Rock/EGS
Artificially created fractured heat exchanger in a low permeable rock mass
Artificially created fractured heat exchanger in a low permeable rock mass
Example: Soultzsous-Forêt (F)
Example: Basel
Geothermal Energy
6
Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II
Geothermal Energy
Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources II
Geothermal Energy
High Temperature: Seismic Risks High Temperature - Petrothermal: Stimulated system/ Hot Dry Rock/EGS Basel December 2006: Seismic events during water injection in first borehole