2011 Sikkim Earthquake

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(8) Owners simply filling cracks in infill walls of their damaged buildings ... background in earthquake resistant construction technology. … ... solution for this event (as reported by USGS) indicates strike slip faulting and the .... Also, the influence of man-induced ..... form of construction manuals, and included in the bye-laws.
2011 Sikkim Earthquake :: First Information Report

Contributors Arun Menon, Rupen Goswami, A. R. Vijayanarayanan, S. R. Gandhi, K. N. Satyanarayana, S. T. G. Raghukanth, and C. V. R. Murty (IIT Madras) Arvind Jaiswal (EON Designers, Secunderabad)

Executive Summary The 18 September 2011 earthquake offered major lessons on the systems related to development of built environment: (1) Landslide potential of hill slopes in the region not studied formally in the recent years; (2) Traditional constructions being abandoned formally; (3) Buddhist heritage structures in great danger; many lost during this earthquake; (4) Recent RC constructions do not have earthquake resistant features; (5) Constructions of new structures in unreinforced masonry should be prohibited in Sikkim; (6) Absence of techno-legal regime in the state of Sikkim: recent constructions are unregulated with no quality control and quality assurance; (7) Post-earthquake damage assessment not understood by the local engineers; (8) Owners simply filling cracks in infill walls of their damaged buildings immediately after the earthquake, without formally assessing their residual safety; and (9) Insufficient number of engineers and architect in the state of Sikkim with requisite background in earthquake resistant construction technology. …

Delhi NEPAL

Sikkim BHUTAN

Bihar

INDIA

West Bengal

The Earthquake During the 18 September 2011 earthquake in the India-Nepal border, significant losses of life and property occurred in the three neighboring countries – India, Nepal and Bhutan. In India, the losses were in the states of Sikkim, Bihar and West Bengal, with Sikkim being the worst hit.

TIBET – CHINA

SIKKIM 0

NEPAL

North

5 km

Lachen Lachung

Chungthang Theng

Lingzya

Toong

Sanklang

West

Rangrang

Phodong

Dikchu

Yuksom

BHUTAN

Mangan

Chhangu Nathula

Penangla

South

GANGTOK Ranipul

Gezing Legship

Martham

Rabang

Naya

Singtam

Namchi

Bazaar Jorethang

East

Rangpo

Melli

Kalimpong

Darjeeling

Teesta Lineament

West Bengal

Siliguri

The State of Sikkim There are four districts in Sikkim – North, South, East and West. North Sikkim district was the worst affected, even though damages were recorded in all districts of the state.

28.5

e Ev

Lac hen

Ka nc he nj un ga

Li

M CT

1833

Taplejung Singtam Darjeeling

MBT aL st Ti t en am ine

ul t in al t fa ul

6

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