Jul 2, 2014 - Oxides of sulfur (SOx). ⢠Hydrocarbons (HC). ⢠Carbon monoxide (CO). ⢠Carbon dioxide equivalent (CO
2013 Air Emissions Inventory EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Port of Long Beach (Port or POLB) annual activity-based emissions inventories serve as the primary tool to track the Port’s efforts to reduce air emissions from port-related sources through implementation of measures identified in the San Pedro Bay Ports Clean Air Action Plan (CAAP) and regulations promulgated at the state and federal levels. To quantify the annual air emissions, the Port relies on operational information provided by Port tenants and operators. Development of the annual air emissions estimates is coordinated with a technical working group (TWG) comprised of representatives from the Port, the Port of Los Angeles, and the air regulatory agencies: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 9 (EPA), California Air Resources Board (CARB), and the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD). Through collaboration with the TWG, the ports seek the consensus of the air regulatory agencies regarding the methodologies and information used to develop the emissions estimates. Emissions from the following port-related source categories are evaluated: Ocean-going vessels (OGV) Harbor craft Cargo handling equipment (CHE)
Locomotives Heavy-duty vehicles (HDV)
Exhaust emissions of the following pollutants, including greenhouse gases are quantified in the inventory:
Particulate matter (PM) (10-micron, 2.5-micron) Diesel particulate matter (DPM) Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) Oxides of sulfur (SOx) Hydrocarbons (HC) Carbon monoxide (CO) Carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) Carbon dioxide (CO2) Methane (CH4) Nitrous oxide (N2O)
Port of Long Beach
ES-1
July 2013
2013 Air Emissions Inventory The geographical extent of the inventory includes emissions from the aforementioned port-related sources operating within the harbor district—rail locomotives and on-road trucks transporting cargo to and/or from the Port up to the cargo’s first point of rest within the South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB) or up to the basin boundary, whichever comes first; and emissions from commercial marine vessels within the harbor and up to the study area boundary comprised of an over-water area bounded in the north by the south Ventura County line at the coast and in the south with the southern Orange county line at the coast. Figure ES.1: 2013 Port of Long Beach Emissions Inventory Domain
Port of Long Beach
ES-2
July 2014
2013 Air Emissions Inventory CAAP Measures and Regulations Reflected in the 2013 Air Emissions Inventory The implementation of existing CAAP measures and statewide and federal regulations and standards has significantly reduced emissions from port-related sources. The key CAAP measures and regulations reflected in the 2013 Air Emissions Inventory that contributed to reduced emissions from port-related sources are summarized below. The CARB OGV Fuel Regulation with expanded boundary was in effect for the entire calendar year of 2013. Also, 99% of vessels reduced their speed to 12 knots or less within 20 nm of the Port, while 88% of vessels slowed within 40 nm of the Port. Shore power at berth was used by 11% of the total vessel calls. CAAP measures and statewide regulations for cargo handling equipment and harbor craft, along with funding incentives resulted in the continued replacement of existing older equipment and engines with newer and cleaner engines, as well as installation of emissions reduction technologies such as diesel particulate filters. The final ban of older trucks calling at the Port at the beginning of 2012 resulted in significant turnover of older trucks to newer and cleaner trucks. Because of this, there was much less turnover in 2013 with the result that the call-weighted average age of the portrelated trucks’ engines was 4 years in 2013 compared to 3 years in 2012. This still compares well with the average truck age of 11 years in 2005. Not only are the trucks newer and therefore likely to be lower-mileage than in 2005, they meet significantly lower emission standards, particularly of DPM. Fleet-wide emissions from line haul locomotives at the Port continue to decrease relative to Port cargo throughput due to the gradual introduction of cleaner line haul locomotives as a result of the memorandum of understanding (MOU) between the air regulatory agencies and the Class 1 rail lines, although the decrease has slowed because the terms of the MOU have been met and normal fleet turnover has not yet made a significant impact on overall emission rates. This will change in coming years as newer locomotives replace older units. The switching fleet now consists almost completely of ultra-low emission locomotives meeting at least the Tier 3 emission standards. In addition, the utilization of on-dock rail has increased 40% in 2013 when compared to 2005 which further reduces drayage emissions associated with moving containers to the various rail yards servicing the port.
Port of Long Beach
ES-3
July 2014
2013 Air Emissions Inventory 2013 Port of Long Beach Air Emissions Inventory Results The results of the Port of Long Beach 2013 Air Emissions Inventory, including a comparison to the Port’s 2005 air emissions inventory, are presented in Tables ES.1 and ES.2. Table ES.1: 2005-2013 Port-related Air Emissions Comparison by Source Category Category
PM10 PM2.5 DPM
2005 (tons) Ocean going vessels Harbor craft Cargo handling equipment Locomotives Heavy-duty vehicles Total
721 45 47 43 204 1,060
2013 (tons) Ocean going vessels Harbor craft Cargo handling equipment Locomotives Heavy-duty vehicles Total
126 27 11 25 16 205
CO
HC
578 41 44 40 188 891
618 6,627 6,591 579 45 1,107 5 294 47 1,286 11 403 43 1,273 76 179 204 5,334 34 1,428 957 15,627 6,717 2,883
249 70 64 67 253 703
114 25 10 23 14 186
99 27 10 25 14 175
4,258 667 546 695 1,045 7,211
219 56 36 39 52 402
Change between 2005 and 2013 (percent) Ocean going vessels -83% -80% Harbor craft -40% -39% Cargo handling equipment -77% -75% Locomotives -42% -43% Heavy-duty vehicles -92% -93% Total -81% -79%
-84% -40% -79% -42% -93% -82%
-36% -40% -58% -45% -80% -54%
Port of Long Beach
ES-4
NOx
SOx
644 462
