2016 Annual Progress Report New Mexico State

New Mexico State University 2016 Annual Progress Report Agricultural Science Center at Farmington April 2017 ‘Celebrating 50 years of research partnerships that transform communities through discovery.’

NMSU Agricultural Science Center - Farmington

2016 Annual Report

Fiftieth Annual Progress Report For 2016 New Mexico State University Agricultural Science Center at Farmington P. O. Box 1018 Farmington, NM 87499 – 1018

Michael K. O’Neill & Margaret M. West – Editors Permanent Faculty and Staff Kevin Lombard Superintendent, Associate Professor

Sue Stone Associate Administrative Assistant

Michael K. O'Neill Professor

Joseph Ward Research Technician

Tom Jim Farm/Ranch Superintendent

Jonah Joe Research Technician

Samuel Allen Agricultural Research Scientist

Franklin Jason Thomas Laboratory Research Technician

Margaret M. West Agricultural Research Scientist

Dallen Begay Laborer, Sr.

Desiree Deschenie Agricultural Research Assistant

Nathan Begay Laborer, Sr.

Temporary Employees 2016 Student Employees Brandon Francis Groundskeeper Sr

Eugena Armijillo Research Assistant

Cover: The cover photograph was created in 1967 as an aerial view of the San Juan Branch Station, now known as Agricultural Science Center – Farmington. Photographer unknown.

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2016 ASC Advisory Committee Bart Wilsey – Chairman

Karl Garling – Vice Chairman

Mark Bentley

Frank Blackmer

Lynn Blancett

Jean Brown

Carol Cloer

Albert Davis

Doug Docktor

Bill Eaton

Elbert Hamlin

Charlie Joe

Bob Krakow

Robert Lake

Vicky Lake

Steve Lynch

Jim Lukow

Lewis Montoya

Thomas Montoya

Mandy Valesquez

Lawrence Stock

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Collaborators List New Mexico State University, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, College of Health and Social Services, and College of Engineering Mary O’Connell Ian Ray Rolston St. Hilaire Robert Flynn April Ulery Manoj Shukla Sangu Angadi Leonard Lauriault Bernd Leinauer Bernd Maier Mark Marsalis Kathleen Huttlinger Sue Forster-Cox Catheren Brewer Don Rheay Brian Hinds

Professor, Geneticist Professor, Alfalfa Breeder Professor, Horticulture Professor, Soil Scientist Professor, Soil Chemist Associate Professor, Soil Physicist Assistant Professor, Agronomist College Assoc., Alfalfa Agronomist Extension Turfgrass Specialist Extension Viticulture Specialist Extension Agronomy Specialist Professor, Nursing, CHSS Associate Professor, Health, CHSS Assistant Professor, Chemical Engineer Director, ACES IT Communications Specialist, ACES IT

New Mexico State University, San Juan County Cooperative Extension Service Shelly Hathorn Bonnie Hopkins

County Director, 4-H Home Economist Agriculture Extension Agent

Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Tri-Universities Cooperative Extension Service Valery Sandoval

Agriculture Agent

University of Arizona Ed Martin

Professor, Irrigation Specialist

Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station Scott Haley

Professor, Wheat Breeding Program

Diné College Marnie Carroll Benita Litson

Head, Environmental Programs Program Manager, Inst. Integrated Rural Dev.

Navajo Preparatory School Betty Ojaye

Executive Director

Oregon State University Clint Shock John Henning

Professor, Superintendent Malheur Exp. Station Professor, Hop Geneticist

San Juan College Dr. Toni Pendergrass Dr. Barbara Ake

President Vice President for Learning III

NMSU Agricultural Science Center - Farmington Dr. Michael Ottinger Dr. Don Hyder Callie Vanderbilt Liesl Dees Blake Barnett

2016 Annual Report

Dean, School of Science, Math, and Engineer Professor, Biology Instructor, Biology Director, Community Learning Center Assistant Professor, Carpentry

Washington State University Jeff Kallestad

Research Technologist

Navajo Agricultural Products Industry Wilton R. Charley Michael Castro Darryl Multine Lionel Haskie Albert Etcitty Ty Tsinnijinnie Karina Charley Beulah John Dineh John Alexendra Carlisle Ryan Garcia Roselyn Yazzie Amanda Kerr Stacy Gould Shane Nezwood Raynaldo Skeet Al Nakai Hal Thompson Renae Pablo

Chief Executive Officer Chief Operations Officer Chief Financial Officer O&M Manager Farm Operations Manager Maintenance Engineer Property Manager Director, Human Resources Manager, Soils Lab Crop Manager, Alfalfa Crop Manager, Corn Crop Manager, Dry Beans Crop Manager, Potatoes Crop Manager, Small Grains Conservation Manager Irrigation Manager GIS Engineer Trading Manager Agronomist

Albuquerque Wastewater Treatment Facility Steven Glass

Program Manager, Wastewater Utility Division

Animas Environmental Services, LLC Elizabeth McNally Ross Kennemer Blaine Watson Deborah Watson

Principal Senior Project Manager Senior Project Manager Project Manager

Arizona Drip and Sundance Farms Howard Wuertz David Wuertz

Owner President

Harry Quicke Larry Schield

Research Representative Sales Representative

BASF

Basin Cooperative Steve Trudeau Tom Campbell

General Manager Crop Specialist, Durango IV


2016 Annual Report

Bayer CropScience Charley Hicks Russell Perkins

Research Representative Research Representative

BHP-Billiton Mine Steve Perkins

Environmental Quality

BioTech Remediation Michael Beauparlant Chad Dawson

Environmental Projects Manager Environmental Technician

Buchannan Consultants, Ltd. Bruce Buchannan Justin Tucker

President Project Development Manager

Bureau of Indian Affairs, Navajo Indian Irrigation Project Steven Lynch

Director

Bureau of Land Management, Farmington Field Office Mark Kelly Dale Wirth Dave Mankiewicz Daniel Sandoval Jeff Tafoya

Inspector Natural Resources Natural Resources Natural Resources Range Specialist

City of Aztec, NM Dennis Taylor

Farmer

City of Bloomfield, NM Jessica Polatty Norman Tucker

Director, Senior Citizen Center Director, Cultural Center

Crop Quest John Hecht

Agronomist

Croplan Genetics Dennis Gehler Matt Sowder

Forage Production Manager Sales Representative

DeKalb Seed Mark Meyer

DeKalb Seed, Sales Representative

Digital Communication Mark Varley

Owner

Dow AgroSciences Jesse Richardson

Research and Sales Representative

Dyna-Gro Seed V

NMSU Agricultural Science Center - Farmington John Griffin

2016 Annual Report

Research and Sales Representative

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Shirley Beresford

Research Scientist

Grand Junction Pipe and Supply Co. Ken Thorson

Branch Manager, Durango Office

Garst Seed Jeff Schaef Mark Meyer

Research and Sales Representative Area Agronomist

GreenWood Resources, Inc. Jeff Nuss Brian Stanton Richard Shuren

President and CEO Managing Director of Resource Management Farm Manager, Columbia Tree Farm

Independent Energy Center Richard Gary Chacon

Owner

Jose Fernandez Chair Gary R. Lowe Thomas Dormody Brenda Seevers April Ulery Stephanie Walker Katherine (Kari) Bachman Mark Gladden Sue Foster-Cox Linda Stout

Global Mentoring Coordinator, Aggies Go Global Professor, AXED Professor, AXED Professor, PES Assistant Professor, EPS/PES Extension Program Coordinator, Nutrition, EFCS Major Gift Officer, ACES Associate Professor, CHSS SLW/AWARD Program Gift Donor

Ku Tips Nursery & Landscape Willie Kutac

Proprietor

Limagrain Cereal Seeds Blake Cooper Marla Barnett

LCS Senior Breeder for Wheat, Northern Plains LCS Plant Breeder, Central Plains

Logan-Zenner Seeds Inc. Les Watada

Seed Specialist

Manning’s Greenhouse Jack Manning

Proprietor

Monsanto Jeff Tichota Brian Olson

Research Representative Research Representative

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Mycogen Seed Ben Benton

Grain Development Specialist

NM Enveronment Department Butch Tongate Dennis McQuillan

Cabinet Secretary Chief Scientist

NM Office of the State Engineer Tom Blaine, P.E.

NM State Engineer

Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. Mickey Huddleston

Agronomist -Seed Representative

Public Service Company of New Mexico Mike Farley

San Juan Power Plant

Rain Bird, Inc. Inge Bisconer John McHugh Rob Kowalewski

National Sales Manager Central US District Manager, Agri-Products Drip Irrigation Specialist

Raindrops, Inc. Lloyd Husted

Owner

Roth Seed, Inc. Shannon Roth

Owner

San Juan Nurseries, Inc. Donnie Pigford

Proprietor

Sandia Laboratories Mike Hightower Alan Sattler

Representative Representative

Santa Ana Native Plants Nursery Mike Halverson

Manager

Southwest Seed, Inc. Walter Henis, Sr. Walter Henis, Jr.

Owner President

Stoller Corporation Jody Waugh

Principal Scientist, Environmental Sciences Lab.

USDA-ARS Plant Material Center David Dreesen Keith White Alex Taylor

Agronomist Biological Science Technician Biological Science Technician VII


2016 Annual Report

Ute Mountain Farm and Ranch Paul Evans

General Manager

Western Excelsior Keith Vanpelt Eddie Comisky Fred Christensen

General Manager Mancos Operations Yard Manager Value Stream Manager

Wilber Ellis Sean Fuchs Gino Whitehorse

Branch Manager Irrigation Systems Opperator

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Notice to Users of This Report This report has been prepared as an aid to the Agricultural Science Center faculty and staff in analyzing the results of the various researches during the past year and for recording pertinent data for future reference. This is not a formal Agricultural Experiment Station Report of research results. Information in this report represents results from only one year's research. The reader is cautioned against drawing conclusions or making recommendations because of data in this report. In many instances, data in this report represents only one of several years of research results that will constitute the final formal report. It should be pointed out, however, that staff members have made every effort to check the accuracy of the data presented. This report was not as a formal release. Therefore, none of the data or information herein is authorized for release or publication without the written approval of the New Mexico State University Agricultural Experiment Station. Mention of a proprietary pesticide does not imply registration under FIFRA as amended or endorsement by New Mexico State University.

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2016 Annual Report

Acknowledgements We want to take this opportunity to express our sincere gratitude to the administration, faculty and staff of the NMSU College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences for continuing to support the Agricultural Science Center at Farmington. The Administration of the Agricultural Experiment Station, the Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, the Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology, and Weed Science, the Department of Extension Plant Sciences, and the Cooperative Extension Service have wisely pooled resources for the continued benefit of the residents of the Four Corners region and they should be commended. The Center staff continues to be fully committed to the mandate of the Center. They are to be commended for their hard work and dedication. The staff are involved in both on-station and on-farm research in the areas of variety introductions, crop varieties and water use, biofuel production, medicial herbs, and viticulture. They work closely with the Cooperative Extension Service of San Juan County in a number of dissemination activities including demonstrations, workshops, seminars, and farmers’ markets. It has been a pleasure working with the Center Advisory Committee in charting a new and diversified course for the Center into the new millennium. We must express our gratitude to those governments, organizations and institutions that have provided financial support to the Center so our mandate can be carried out. Special recognition must be extended to State Representative Ray Begay and State Senator William Sharer for their perseverance in obtaining enhancement funds through the legislature. Recognition and thanks must also be extended to the State of New Mexico, the NM Environment Department, the NM State Engineers Office, the United States Department of Agriculture, the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs, the United States Bureau of Reclamation, the United States Bureau of Land Management Farmington Field Office and the Navajo Nation. The Navajo Indian Irrigation Project, the Navajo Agricultural Products Industry, and Wilber-Ellis-NAPI continue to support the Center with water, fertilizer, equipment, laboratory analysis, and human resources. Finally, we wish to extend our sincere appreciation to the following companies for providing technical assistance, products, and/or financial assistance: Bayer CropSciences, BASF, Monsanto, Dow AgroSciences, Navajo Agricultural Products Industry, Pioneer Hi-Bred, and Southwest Seed. Kevin Lombard, Superintendent and Associate Professor – Horticulturalist Mick O’Neill, Professor – Agronomist

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Executive Summary Adaptive field crops research is concerned with the identification of crop varieties that perform well in the Four Corners region. The on-station trial this year was the alfalfa (1 test). The 2014-planted alfalfa trial had 22 varieties from private seed companies and NMSU. In the 2016 growing season for the 2014-planted variety trial, the mean yield for 22 entries was 9.52 dry tons per acre for the 4 cuttings, substantially greater that the average hay, alfalfa yield of 4.6 dry tons per acre for New Mexico in 2016. The highest yielding entry was MagnaGraze from Dailyland Seed with a total yield of 10.4 dry tons per acre. At a NM farm gate sales price of $164 per ton of hay, alfalfa. This would represent a sales price of $1,705.60 per acre. (https://www.nass.usda.gov/Quick_Stats/Ag_Overview/stateOverview.php?state=ne w%20mexico), Horticultural research at the center spans a diverse range of trials and demonstration activities from table and wine grape variety trials, and hops trials, to medicinal plants, gardening for health, and the development of a viable horticulture program at San Juan College. Some agricultural producers in New Mexico and Southwest Colorado view hops (Humulus lupulus and H. lupulus var. neomexicanus), used in bittering or flavoring beer as a potential specialty crop for local craft brewing needs. Recent workshops for interested hops producers were hosted in Southwest Colorado and Northwest New Mexico. Since ‘Cascade’ is equally the most used and desired cultivar by New Mexico Brewers Guild (NMBG) respondents, in addition to being the best performing cultivar in northwest New Mexico, NM growers might be advised to start with this cultivar. The majority of the respondents, however, are unwilling to pay more than the price of commercially produced hops. Therefore, it would be unwise to sell ‘Cascade’ at a premium unless desirable hop cone chemistry, such as higher alpha acids are consistently found in ‘Cascade’ hops cones grown in New Mexico. Gardening for health continues to be a focal area for the horticulture program. Poor access to nutritious foods, departure from traditional diets, and reduced physical activity are associated with a rise in type-2 diabetes and certain types of cancers among the Navajo. Gardening can successfully address issues of poor availability of fruits and vegetables and offer many other social and health benefits. Surveys suggest a broad interest in promoting gardening, especially to reduce the risk of diabetes with the added value of enhancing social capital in Navajo communities. The oldest hybrid poplar test, planted at a density of 435 trees per acre in 2002, continued to demonstrate the genetic variability of hybrid poplar with respect to irrigated production in a semi-arid region. After 15 seasons, the clone OP-367 remained the tallest entry, reaching a mean height of 81.8 feet. OP-367 also had the largest mean DBH at 13.2 inches and maximum wood volume of 10,651 ft3/acre. A water application trial was established in 2007 with OP-367 (code 433) and three other clones (544, 910, and 911) crossed from the same species. Although significantly over-irrigated due to several scheduling problems, entry 544 led for XIII


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height (71.6 ft), surpassing entry 433 (clone OP-367) at 67.0 ft for the third year in a row; this difference is partially due to top dieback in ~24% of trees in entry 433, necessitating height determinations based on highest living secondary leader. The difference in height between these two clones was statistically different. Interestingly, clone 544 seemed to show most resilience to physiological stress from root desiccation. While there was significant interaction between clones and irrigation treatments, the 120% and 140% ET irrigation treatments produced the most wood volumn and biomass. I would like to thank my colleagues and the ASC-Farmington staff for their exceptional performance at the center. I also want to thank all the collaborators and resource people who have contributed to the research and dissemination activities carried out by center personnel. Without your contributions, we would not be able to fulfill our mandate and provide you with this annual report. I hope you find the information helpful for your own projects and appreciate the work that has made it possible. Finally, I must thank my colleague and friend, Tom Jim, who left us through retirement to seek greener pastures, fish-filled streams and lakes, and miles of open roads on his Harley. He and the rest of the ASC family have made my past 17 years go flying by without incident. Mick O’Neill – April, 2017

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Dedication Tom Jim, longtime resident of Shiprock, NM, served as the Farm Superintendent for New Mexico State University’s Agricultural Science Center at Farmington from October 1992 through retirement on October 31, 2016. His responsibilities included maintenance of all farm equipment, vehicles, buildings, and grounds. Tom performed field operations, such as tillage, irrigaiton pipe repairs and installation and so much more. On Friday April 15, 2011, Tom received the College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences ‘Distinguished Staff Award’ for his meritorious work at ASC Farmington. Tom’s dedication to NMSU and the Navajo Nation also included his work with Gary Hathorn, retired San Juan County Extension Agricultural Agent and of Arizona, New Mexico, Utah Tri-universities retired Agricultural Extension Agent Jeannie Benally. He worked diligently as the Extension Master Farmer to bring production practices and knowledge to the Navajo Nation producers. His fluency in the Navajo language was a great asset during farm training programs. As ASC Farmington colleagues, we all benefited from his tireless advocacy for the mission of NMSU with the Navajo Nation and vice-versa. He was consistent in his commitment and actions for dissemination of our research-based information and event brochures to the Navajo Nation dignitaries and producers, such a Navajo Agricultural Products Industry and small acreage producers on the reservation. As a stakeholder in the Navajo Nation Community where he lived, Tom was superb at conveying the Navajo community needs to NMSU’s ASC Farmington researchers. On a personal note, Tom Jim was a U.S. Military Veteran. He rode his Harley Davidson in funeral processions for the fallen soldiers of the Navajo Nation. Tom’s greatest dedication is to his family. May their spirits live on peacefully.

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Table of Contents INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................1 WEATHER CONDITIONS DURING 2016 AT THE NMSU AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE CENTER ..............5 ADAPTIVE FIELD CROPS RESEARCH IN NORTHWESTERN NEW MEXICO ...................................... 33 Alfalfa – New Mexico 2014-Planted Alfalfa Variety Trial ...................................................... 34 Corn – Hybrid and Variety Trial ........................................................................................... 37 Winter Wheat – Colorado State University Elite Winter Wheat Trial .................................... 37 Chile Pepper - Variety Trial Drip-irrigated Chile Pepper in Northwestern New Mexico ......... 38 Long Handled Dipper Gourd Trial Higgins Farms, Inc. ........................................................ 44 NMSU SNaX -- Chip Potato Variety Trial............................................................................. 47 U.S. Potato Gene Bank – Wild Potato Observation Trial ..................................................... 53

HORTICULTURAL RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND EDUCATION IN THE FOUR CORNERS REGION 57 Intermountain High Elevation Wine Grape Variety Trial: Lessons from Northwest New Mexico................................................................................................................................. 57 Hops (Humulus lupulus) Field Evaluations .......................................................................... 59 Malted Barley for New Mexico’s Craft Brewing Industry ...................................................... 60 Yéego Gardening! I: Where Health and Horticulture Intersect: A Navajo Wellness Collaboration ....................................................................................................................... 61 Yéego Gardening! II: Engaging School and Family in Navajo Gardening for Health: Project Year 1 milestones & Year 1 & 2 Deliverables ...................................................................... 63 An Intervention to Promote Navajo Gardening, Nutrition, and Community Wellness ........... 65 Horticulture at San Juan College ......................................................................................... 67 Gold King Mine Animas River Spill Preliminary Assessment of Surface Water, Sediments and Irrigation Ditches .......................................................................................................... 68 New Mexico State University Building Remodel .................................................................. 69

DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF DRIP IRRIGATION FOR NORTHWEST NEW MEXICO ............. 73 Hybrid Poplar Production under Drip Irrigation in the Four Corners Region ......................... 73

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Evaluation of Hybrid Poplar Amended with Composted Biosolids........................................ 81 Evaluation of Hybrid Poplar Grown Under Four Irrigation Treatments ................................. 88 Shelterbelt Establishment with Trees, Shrubs and Grasses in a Semi-arid Area of New Mexico................................................................................................................................. 96

DISSEMINATION AND STAFF DEVELOPMENT ............................................................................... 99 Peer Reviewed Journal Articles ........................................................................................... 99 Publications and Reports .................................................................................................... 99 Abstract, Posters and/or Oral Presentations (*indicates student working with Dr. Kevin A. Lombard)............................................................................................................................. 99 Paper or Written Report Presented at Public (non-academic) Conference or Meeting....... 101 Media Contributions and Non-academic Paper or Reports ................................................ 101 Meetings ........................................................................................................................... 102 Proposals and Grants........................................................................................................ 104

STORIES FROM THE POPULAR PRESS ...................................................................................... 107 NMSU names Kevin Lombard superintendent of Farmington agricultural science center .. 107 Going Green: Turning Food Waste into Compost .............................................................. 109 Scientists gather, share early findings of Gold King Mine spill monitoring.......................... 111 Summer Academy 2016: Underpinning Social Transformations ........................................ 113 NMSU faculty share climate change, food security knowledge in Colombia ...................... 115 GDA facilitates Hack4Farming Hackathon at La Salle – Bogota, Colombia ....................... 118 NMSU students get creative to secure research funding ................................................... 120 Graduate appreciates research opportunities while a student at NMSU ............................ 123

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Table Of Tables Table 1.

Summary of mean daily climatological data. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. January through December 2016. ............................................... 7

Table 2.

Summary of forty-seven year average monthly weather conditions. NMSU Agriculture Science Center at Farmington, NM. 1969 – 2016. ................................ 7

Table 3.

Summary of freeze dates and number of consecutive freeze-free days. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 1969 – 2016. ............................... 8

Table 4.

Summary of mean monthly precipitation (in). NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 1969 – 2016. ............................................................................... 9

Table 5.

Summary of monthly average of the mean temperature* (ºF). NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 1969 – 2016. ................................................ 10

Table 6.

Summary of monthly average maximum temperature* (ºF). NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 1969 – 2016. ................................................ 11

Table 7.

Summary of monthly average of the minimum temperature* (ºF). NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 1969 – 2016. ............................. 13

Table 8.

Summary of highest temperatures (ºF). NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 1969 – 2016. ............................................................................. 14

Table 9.

Summary of lowest temperatures (ºF). NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 1969 – 2016. ............................................................................. 15

Table 10.

Summary of number of days 32 ºF or below and 0 ºF or below in critical months. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 1969 – 2016. .................. 17

Table 11.

Summary of number of days 100 ºF or above and number of days 95 ºF or above in critical months. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 1969 – 2016. ........................................................................................................ 18

Table 12.

Summary of mean daily evaporation (inches per day). NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 1972 – 2016. ............................................................. 19

Table 13.

Summary of mean monthly evaporation (inches per month). NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 1972 – 2016. ................................................ 21

Table 14.

Summary of wind movement in miles per day (MPD) at 6 inch height above evaporation pan. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 1980 – 2016. .................................................................................................................... 22

Table 15.

Summary of wind movement in miles per day (MPD) at two meter height above ground. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 1980 – 2016. ..... 23

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Table 16.

Summary of mean daily solar radiation (Langleys). NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 1977 – 2016. ............................................................. 24

Table 17.

Summary of forty-eight year total monthly Growing Degree Days* (May through September. and first fall freeze). NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 1969 – 2016.................................................................................................. 26

Table 18.

Summary of mean soil temperature (ºF) 4 inches below soil surface. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. September 1976 to December 2016. .................................................................................................................... 27

Table 19.

Summary of mean high soil temperatures (ºF) four inches below surface. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 1976 – 2016. ............................. 28

Table 20.

Summary of mean low soil temperature (ºF) four inches below surface. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 1976 – 2016. ............................. 29

Table 21.

Summary of soil high temperature (ºF) extremes, four inches below surface. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 1976 – 2016. .................. 30

Table 22.

Summary of soil low temperature (ºF) extremes, four inches below surface. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 1976 – 2016. ............................. 31

Table 23.

Procedures for the 2014-planted Alfalfa Variety Trial. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016. ......................................................................... 35

Table 24.

Forage yield of the 2014-planted Alfalfa Variety Trial. NMSU Agriculture Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016. ......................................................................... 36

Table 25 .

Operations and procedures for chile pepper variety trial, NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016. ............................................................ 39

Table 26.

Average seasonal yields of 16 varieties of chile peppers. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016. ............................................................ 42

Table 27.

Average number of marketable pods per plant, for 11 relleños-type chiles over four harvests. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016. .............. 42

Table 28.

Average yield per plant, for 11 relleños-type chiles over four harvests. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016. ......................................... 43

Table 29.

Procedures for Long-handled Dipper Gourd Trial. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016. ......................................................................... 44

Table 30.

Long Handled Dipper and Other Gourd yields. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016. ..................................................................................... 45

Table 31.

Procedures for the NMSU SNaX Chip Potato Variety Trial. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016............................................................. 47

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Table 32.

NMSU and U.S. Potato Board Chip Potato Variety Trial Yield and other components for Non replicated Early Dig, August 8. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016 .......................................................................... 49

Table 33.

NMSU and U.S. Potato Board Chip Variety Trial potato Undersize and other components for Non replicated Early Dig, August 8. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016. ......................................................................... 50

Table 34.

NMSU and U.S. Potato Board Chip Variety Trial - Average of Three Replications Yield and other components. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016. ............................................................................................................ 51

Table 35.

NMSU and U.S. Potato Board Chip Variety Trial – Average of Three Replication Undersize and other components. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016.......................................................................................... 52

Table 36.

Procedures for Wild Potato Species Trial. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016.......................................................................................... 53

Table 37.

Wild Potato Trial Potato Psyllid Insect Trap Count for Positive Liberibacter*. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016. ......................................... 54

Table 38.

Wild Potato Species Trial. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016. .................................................................................................................... 54

Table 39.

Rooted grape cultivar trial – Yield and sugar content (Brix). NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016. ............................................................ 58

Table 40.

Taxonomy of ten hybrid poplar clones grown under drip irrigation. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2002–2016. ............................... 75

Table 41.

Operations and procedures for 2002-planted hybrid poplar trial under drip irrigation. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016. .............. 77

Table 42.

Growth and survival of 2002-planted hybrid poplar clones grown under drip irrigation. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016. .............. 79

Table 43.

Baseline chemical traits of soil and biosolids samples collected in 2005. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM, 2016. ......................................... 82

Table 44.

Operations and procedures for 2005-planted hybrid poplars in biosolids application trial. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM, 2016. ...................... 83

Table 45.

Selected growth parameters for hybrid poplars amended with composted biosolids. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016. .............................. 85

Table 46.

Operations and procedures for 2007-planted hybrid poplars grown under four irrigation regimes. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016. . 91

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Table 47.

Mean DBH, height, wood volume and biomass of four 2007-planted hybrid poplar clones grown under four irrigation regimes. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016.......................................................................................... 94

Table 48.

New and existing trees, shrubs and grasses planted in shelterbelt areas at NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016. ......................................... 97

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Table Of Figures Figure 1.

Monthly and average precipitation (in), monthly maximum and minimum temperatures (ºF). NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016. .. 6

Figure 2.

Field layout of chile pepper variety trial. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016.......................................................................................... 40

Figure 3.

Aerial view and overlay map of malted barley trial and soil sample points 2016. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016. .............................. 60

Figure 4.

Renovation ceiling tile before and after photographs. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016. ......................................................................... 70

Figure 5.

Renovation floor tile before and after photographs. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016. ......................................................................... 70

Figure 6.

Interior wall paint before and after photographs. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016. ..................................................................................... 71

Figure 7.

Restroom fixture replacement before and after photographs. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016. ............................................................ 71

Figure 8.

Conference Room renovation before and after photographs. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016. ............................................................ 72

Figure 9.

Phone and Internet communication center before and after photographs. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016. ......................................... 72

Figure 10.

Cumulative evapotranspiration and water applications plus rainfall for 2002-planted hybrid poplars under drip irrigation during the 2016 growing season. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016. ......................................... 78

Figure 11.

Plot plan of four hybrid poplar clones grown under four irrigation levels. Clones are shown by code in each subplot; shaded columns show whole plot irrigation levels. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016. .............................. 89

Figure 12.

Cumulative evapotranspiration and water applications plus rainfall for 2007-planted hybrid poplar clones grown under four irrigation regimes. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016. ............................................................ 93

Figure 13.

Wood volume for 2007-planted hybrid poplar clones grown under four irrigation regimes (80, 100, 120 and 140% of reference ET). NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016. ......................................................................... 94

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2016 Annual Report


2016 Annual Report

Introduction Serving the agricultural needs for the San Juan River basin of northwest New Mexico and the Four Corners region, the Agricultural Science Center at Farmington consists of 254 acres leased from the Navajo Nation in 1966. While the major irrigated cropland for northwestern New Mexico is in San Juan County, small parcels of irrigated lands are also found in the two adjoining counties, McKinley and Rio Arriba. These three counties have about 1,800 farms with 198,000 acres of irrigated and 11,000 acres of dry land farming. San Juan County ranks second in the state for irrigated cropland with 150,000 acres or 10% of the state total (Gore and Wilken, 1998). Cash receipts from crop and livestock production in the three-county area is about $96,000,000 annually of which about 50% is from livestock sales and 50% is from crops. In 1997, San Juan County ranked eighth in cash receipts for all farm commodities and the three counties together produced 5.7% of the $1.9 billion cash receipts from all agricultural commodities in New Mexico (Gore and Wilken, 1998). The Agricultural Science Center is located about seven miles southwest of Farmington on the high plateau of northwestern New Mexico. The Center is at an altitude of 5,640 ft above sea level (36º 4’ N by 108º W) in a semi-arid environment with a mean annual precipitation of 8.19 in. The mean monthly maximum and minimum temperatures range from 40 and 19 ºF in January to 91 and 60 ºF in July. The average frost-free period is 163 days from May 4 to October 14 (Smeal et al. 2001). There are four soil orders within the Center ranging from sandy loam to loamy sand (59 – 83 % Sand) and having a pH of 7.8 (Anderson, 1970). The Center is the only agricultural research facility in the state of New Mexico that is on the western side of the Continental Divide. River drainage is west into the Colorado River, which then continues west and south to the Saltan Sea and Pacific Ocean by way of the Gulf of California. Over two-thirds of the total surface water that exists in the state of New Mexico runs through the northwest corner of New Mexico (San Juan County). The Center receives water through the Navajo Indian Irrigation Project (NIIP). Total irrigated land serviced by NIIP comprises about 50% of the 150,000 acres of irrigated land in San Juan County and future development will expand NIIP to over 100,000 acres. Irrigated acreage in San Juan County is increasing and when all projects being planned are completed, acreage will climb from 150,000 to about 240,000 acres. Of the 254 acres comprising the Agricultural Science Center, 170 acres are under cultivation. Over 100 crops have been grown on the Center since its inception in 1966. Many crops, which produce well in northwestern New Mexico, are not grown in the area because of market prices at the time of harvest, high transportation costs to a suitable market, personnel unfamiliar with production practices, etc. The Center currently receives water from NIIP to irrigate crops by sprinkler systems (center pivots, solid set, and side roll). Earlier, irrigation systems also included flood but that was impractical on the Center’s sandy soils. Agricultural productivity within NIIP is carried out by the Navajo Agricultural Products Industry (NAPI) and is managed as a single farm. Close collaborative links are maintained with NAPI through varietal

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2016 Annual Report

testing of potatoes, corn, small grains, beans, onions, chile, alfalfa, and other economically important crops. Variety and agronomic crop research has included winter and spring wheat, winter and spring barley, oats, corn, alfalfa, and crambe. Dry bean variety and type trials, including row spacing and management for white mold control, have been conducted. Fertilizer-type/placement trials and herbicide-type/application trials have been carried out with potatoes, corn, cereal grain, and dry beans in various rotations. Alternative crops evaluated in the past have included soybeans, safflower, kenaf, licorice, buckwheat, sugarbeets, canola (rape), rye, triticale, sorghum, sunflower, amaranth, pasture and other minor acreage crops such as carrots for seed production. Agronomic work has also been conducted in no-till plots and clean-tilled areas as well as intercropping dry bean and soybean in spring wheat. Important areas of study have included leaching associated with herbicides and potential for contaminating drainage water, which affects future crop productivity and ground water draining into the San Juan basin. Past areas of entomological study have included the control of corn ear worm, apple codling moth, and Russian wheat aphid. Weed research has included pre-plant, preemergence, and post-emergence applications of herbicides for grass and broadleaf control in alfalfa, corn, wheat, beans, potatoes, onion, carrot, and pumpkin. Water research has determined consumptive use indexes and efficient water application strategies on a number of crops including tomato, chile, potatoes, winter and spring grains, beans, corn, alfalfa, pasture and buffalo gourd. Turf research has included blue grass variety trials, and buffalo and blue grama evaluations for low-maintenance lawns. Horticultural crops evaluated in the past have included chile pepper, lettuce, tomato, green bean, onion, apple, pear, peach, nectarine, cherry, grape, cucumber, pea, pumpkin, winter and summer squash, and Christmas trees. Research at the present time is being conducted on alfalfa, corn, dry beans, potatoes, onions, chile, pasture grass, winter wheat, and spring oats. Major emphasis at the present time is on variety and other adaptive or production research, weed control, crop fertility, irrigation and consumptive-use, herbicide persistence and leaching, and other varied areas of research. Water application research includes determining water use-production functions of the primary crops in the area. This project includes developing and evaluating formulas to predict water application and consumptive use of crops and turfgrass. An 8-acre subsurface drip irrigation system was installed during 2001, which allows the comparison of productivity and water use efficiencies of economically important crops under micro irrigation systems. Since the mid-1960's, average county yields of alfalfa have increased from 3 to more than 5 tons/acre; corn has gone from 55 to 154 bu/acre and wheat from 35 to 110 bu/acre. Potatoes have become an increasingly important crop and production could be substantially increased if a proposed French fry plant is built. With new acreage being put into production each year, new research initiatives are needed primarily in the areas of high value crops, irrigation management, herbicide use, and soils. Buildings on the Center include an office and laboratory building with six offices, a laboratory and a tissue culture laboratory, conference room, head house, and attached greenhouse partitioned into two bays, and a three-bedroom residence with 2


2016 Annual Report

attached garage. There are four metal buildings. The first building is 100 x 40 ft with a shop, small office, and restroom in a 40 x 40-ft section on the south end and a 60 x 40-ft area on the north end for machinery storage. The second building is 60' x 20' and is partitioned to form three small rooms. It is used for seed, fertilizer, and small equipment storage. The third building is a 20 x 60-ft open front machinery storage shed and the fourth building is a 20 x 30-ft chemical storage facility. Most of the machinery and equipment needed to carry out field, laboratory, and greenhouse research is available at the Center. Office, laboratory, greenhouse, and irrigated field plots are available to resident and visiting technical personnel. Graduate students may participate in the program. Most research is towards adaptive or applied research programs. Small breeding programs, however, have contributed to the total program in the past. The Center has a one-bedroom cottage with one bath. Anyone who uses this facility must furnish bed covers and linens. The cottage is furnished with one single-bed, a fouton, a stove, a refrigerator, a table, and chairs. Center personnel include 2 faculty, 3 professional and 9 support staff. Faculty are a horticulturist and an agronomist. The 3 professional staff include the Farm Superintendent and 2 Agricultural Research Scientists. The Center has 3 full-time Research Technicians, 1 full-time Research Assistant, a full-time Associate Adminisrtrative Assistant, 2 full-time field laborer/tractor drivers, and occasional field assistants. Literature Cited Anderson, J.U. 1970. Soils of the San Juan Branch Agricultural Experiment Station. NMSU Ag. Exp. Stn. Res. Rpt. 180. Gore, C.E. and W.W. Wilken. 1998. New Mexico Agricultural Statistics – 1998. United States Department of Agriculture and New Mexico Agricultural Statistics Service. Las Cruces, NM.

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2016 Annual Report


2016 Annual Report

Weather Conditions During 2016 at the NMSU Agricultural Science Center M.K. O’Neill, M.M. West, J.P. Joe A weather station was established at the NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, New Mexico, in January 1969. It was designated an official National Weather Service climatological observation site in 1978. Weather observations are made daily at 8:00 a.m. Initially, the maximum and minimum U.S. Weather Service thermometers were housed in a regulation instrument shelter. In March of 2005, A Nimbus PL digital “bee hive” style thermometer was installed and replaced the mercury thermometers. A standard eight-inch rain gauge was installed in 1982. Wind movement in miles per day has been recorded at two heights since 1980. A 3-cup anemometer is set 6 inches above the rim of the evaporation pan, while a second anemometer is set at 2 meters above the soil surface. Both anemometers were replaced in 2011. Evaporation was measured using a standard Class-A metal pan from 1972 through 2014. A maximum and minimum thermometer with a sensor probe buried 4 inches deep was installed in bare ground to record soil temperature. A second weather station is located at the NMSU Agricultural Science Center. This weather station is one of about 200 located throughout the state of New Mexico and is managed by the New Mexico Climate Center at New Mexico State University main campus in Las Cruces. This weather station was established in 1985 and has an automated data collection system and can be viewed at (http://weather.nmsu.edu). An above average 8.18 inches of precipitation was recorded in 2016. (Table 2) The 48 year annual precipitation average is 8.03 inches. (Table 4) The wettest month was November which received 1.50 inches (18% of the total annual of 8.18 inches). March, April, August, November, and December received above 48 year average monthly precipitation. All remaining months which were January, February, May, June, July, September, and October received below average monthly precipitation. (Figure 1). During the 2016 growing season, the freeze-free period was from April 26 through October 19 with 176 consecutive days of above freezing temperature. This was 13 days longer than the 48-year average freeze-free period of 163 days. The killing freeze-free period was April 3 through November 18 with 227 consecutive days above the killing freeze-free temperature. (Table 3)

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2016 Annual Report

Monthly Precipitation and Temperature January - December, 2016 5.0

Total precipitation: 8.18 in Normal precipitation: 8.03in

90

4.0

80

3.5

70

3.0

60

2.5

50

2.0

40

1.5

30

1.0

20

0.5

10

0.0

Temperature (oF)

Precipitation (in)

4.5

100

0

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Rainfall

Figure 1.

Avg Rainfall

Temp Max

Temp Min

Monthly and average precipitation (in), monthly maximum and minimum temperatures (ºF). NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016.

6

NMSU Agricultural Science Center - Farmington Table 1.

Month

2016 Annual Report

Summary of mean daily climatological data. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. January through December 2016. Mean Temperature

Evapo- Sunshine

Max

ration

(ºF) January 40 February 47 March 61 April 65 May 68 June 92 July 83 August* 85 September* 74 October* 70 November 52 December 44 Total 781.0 Mean 65.1

Extreme Temp. Precipi- Wind Speed 18 in 2m Min Mean Max Min tation height height (ºF) (ºF) (ºF) (ºF) (in) (mi) (mi) 20 30 55 8 0.46 26 41 22 35 66 8 0.34 47 73 33 47 73 20 0.01 61 104 38 52 82 25 0.80 44 89 46 57 85 35 0.93 41 54 60 76 101 50 0.00 36 71 62 73 97 54 0.47 36 62 57 71 94 49 1.37 29 59 50 62 88 37 1.05 25 45 42 56 79 31 0.28 22 63 29 41 70 12 1.50 28 63 24 34 56 11 0.97 21 53 483.0 632.0 945.6 338.4 8.18 416.3 777.3 40.3 52.7 78.8 28.2 0.68 34.7 64.8

(in)

7.8 9.9 15.0 13.1 8.4 7.7 5.8 67.81 9.69

(Langley) 240 354 458 524 618 694 658 551 489 408 258 216 5,469 456

*Months where solar radiation was missing due to a faulty sensor. Data were approximated by regressing the 2010 – 2015 NMSU data (not including missing values) on the aWhere Inc. weather database (http://awhere.com) as y = 3.025 + 0.816x (n = 2018, R2 = 0.695) where y = NMSU values and x = aWhere values.

Table 2.

Month

Summary of forty-seven year average monthly weather conditions. NMSU Agriculture Science Center at Farmington, NM. 1969 – 2016. Preciptation

January February March April May June July August September October November December Total Mean

(in) 0.46 0.34 0.01 0.80 0.93 0.00 0.47 1.37 1.05 0.28 1.50 0.97 8.18 0.68

Mean –––––––––––––– Extreme Temperature ––––––––– Temperature ––– Maximu Minimu Year Maximum Year Recorded Minimum m m Recorded (ºF) (ºF) (ºF) (ºF) 40 20 66 2000 -18 1971 47 22 70 1986 -14 1989 61 33 82 2004 3 2002 65 38 86 1992 16 1979 68 46 97 2000 23 1975 92 60 101 2016 32 1999 83 62 103 1989,90,2003,05 43 1969 85 57 99 1969,70,83,02 41 1980 74 50 97 1995 28 1971-1999 70 42 88 2010,15 15 1989 52 29 75 1999, 2001 1 1976 44 24 67 1999 -16 1990 65.1

40.3

7


Date

1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

2016 Annual Report

Summary of freeze dates and number of consecutive freeze-free days. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 1969 – 2016. –––– Less than or equal to 32 ºF –– ––––––– Less than or equal to 28 ºF ––––– Last Spring First Fall Last Spring First Fall Freeze-free Killing FreezeKilling Killing Freeze Freeze Period free Period Freeze Freeze (date) (date) (days) (date) (date) (days) Apr 27 Oct 05 161 Apr 26 Oct 06 163 May 02 Oct 08 159 May 01 Oct 09 161 Sep 18* Sep 18* 144* May 09 132 Apr 27 May 02 Oct 30 181 Apr 27 Oct 31 187 May 02 Oct 11 162 May 02 Oct 27 178 May 21 Oct 30 162 May 20 Nov 04 168 May 08 Oct 14 159 May 07 Oct 14 160 Apr 27 Oct 07 164 Apr 27 Oct 19 175 Apr 21 Oct 31 193 Apr 05 Nov 02 211 May 06 Oct 26 173 May 06 Nov 13 191 May 12 Oct 21 162 Apr 20 Oct 22 185 May 26 Oct 16 143 May 25 Oct 17 145 May 09 Oct 16 160 Apr 05 Oct 17 194 May 06 Oct 06 153 Apr 21 Oct 10 172 May 19 Sep 21 125 May 17 Nov 09 176 May 08 Oct 15 160 May 08 Oct 16 161 May 14 Sep 30 139 Apr 01 Nov 01 214 Apr 27 Oct 12 168 Apr 27 Oct 13 169 Apr 21 Oct 19 181 Apr 21 Nov 11 204 May 07 Nov 12 189 Apr 11 Nov 16 219 Apr 30 Oct 18 171 Mar 21 Oct 27 219 Apr 10* Oct 09 181 Mar 31 Oct 21 204 May 05 Oct 28 176 Apr 29 Oct 29 182 Mar 19* Apr 21 Oct 08 170 Oct 08 203 May 09 Oct 19 163 Apr 20 Oct 27 190 Apr 30 Oct 17 170 Apr 08 Oct 31 206 Apr 25 Oct 06 164 Apr 18 Oct 06 171 Apr 30 Sep 19 142 Apr 29 Oct 18 172 May 02 Oct 13 163 May 02 Oct 13 163 May 15 Oct 06 144 Apr 19 Oct 06 170 115* Jun 05 Sep 28 Apr 16 Sep 29 166 May 12 Oct 14 154 Apr 03 Nov 02 212 Apr 23 Oct 11 170 Apr 13 Oct 11 180 Apr 22 Oct 04 165 Apr 22 Nov 04 196 May 11 Oct 27 168 Apr 08 Oct 27 201 May 1 Oct 23 174 Mar 29 Oct 30 214 Apr 22 Oct 31 192 Apr 21 Nov 15 207 Apr 20 Sep 23 155 Apr 19 Oct 22 183 May 07 Oct 07 153 Apr 19 Oct 07 171 May 03 Oct 12 162 May 02 Oct 12 163 April 27 Sep 22 147 Apr 16 Oct 2 168 May 12 Oct 26 166 May 12 Oct 26 166

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2016 Annual Report

–––– Less than or equal to 32 ºF –– ––––––– Less than or equal to 28 ºF ––––– Last Spring First Fall Last Spring First Fall Freeze-free Killing FreezeKilling Killing Freeze Freeze Period free Period Freeze Freeze (date) (date) (days) (date) (date) (days) May 03 Oct 08 157 May 02 Oct 28 178 Apr 16 Oct 25 192 Apr 16 Oct 25 192 May 03 Oct 05 154 May 3 Oct 17 166 May 13 Nov 03 172 May 1 Nov 04 186 May 10 Oct 28 170 Apr 17 Nov 06 202 Nov 18** 227** Apr 26 Oct 20 176 Apr 3 Dec 25 Jun 6 163 Dec 20 Jun 15 184

Date

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Mean

* Earliest date (or shortest freeze-free period) of 48 years. ** Latest date (or longest freeze-free period) of 48 years.

Table 4.

Year 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994

Summary of mean monthly precipitation (in). NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 1969 – 2016.

Jan Feb 0.85 0.31 0.06 0.03 0.18 0.09 0.03 *trace 0.28 0.17 1.10 0.13 0.11 0.61 0.06 0.16 0.42 *trace 0.90 0.64 0.88 0.19 1.45 0.70 trace 0.30 0.32 0.77 0.94 0.69 trace 0.12 0.39 0.13 0.11 0.77 0.10 1.75 0.63 0.82 1.19 0.56 0.53 0.53 0.59 0.26 0.15 0.18 **2.05 0.82 0.09 0.48

Mar 0.21 0.49 0.05 0.03 1.82 0.01 1.52 *0.00 *0.00 1.27 0.46 0.63 1.76 1.18 1.84 0.54 1.74 0.51 0.66 0.02 0.06 0.74 0.67 0.74 0.93 0.24

Apr 0.30 0.60 0.11 *0.00 1.54 0.20 0.78 0.10 0.01 0.71 0.28 0.25 0.21 0.67 0.31 1.00 1.76 0.97 trace 0.72 *0.00 0.85 0.01 0.25 0.28 0.57

May Jun 1.13 1.00 0.11 0.81 0.41 *0.00 0.02 0.18 0.65 0.95 0.02 0.09 0.35 0.13 0.41 0.09 0.29 0.04 0.96 *0.00 0.58 0.43 0.25 0.07 1.05 0.16 0.82 *0.00 0.13 0.35 trace 0.67 0.29 0.01 0.13 0.81 0.68 0.02 1.11 0.33 trace trace 1.07 0.07 0.27 0.69 **1.75 0.05 0.38 0.04 1.32 0.07

Jul Aug 0.69 0.47 0.68 *0.02 0.31 1.72 0.04 1.34 0.27 0.61 1.48 0.12 0.84 0.24 0.62 0.80 1.01 1.41 0.07 0.18 1.40 0.49 0.08 0.89 1.34 0.35 1.27 2.78 1.67 0.72 0.62 1.64 1.38 0.43 **4.10 0.93 0.28 1.17 0.58 2.34 1.24 1.62 0.35 1.32 0.35 0.58 0.98 1.25 *0.03 2.06 0.20 0.66

9

Sep 2.07 2.48 1.06 0.57 1.49 0.37 0.80 1.31 0.38 1.55 *0.08 1.05 0.69 1.50 0.53 0.45 1.31 2.18 0.27 0.27 0.14 1.97 1.38 0.85 0.84 1.37

Oct Nov Dec Total 2.88 0.38 0.29 10.58 0.48 0.46 0.20 6.42 1.15 0.77 0.16 6.01 **3.53 0.19 0.93 6.86 0.35 0.30 0.37 8.80 2.39 0.48 0.38 6.77 0.14 0.22 0.20 5.94 *0.01 0.01 *trace *3.57 0.30 0.62 0.63 5.15 1.46 2.24 0.59 10.57 1.37 0.97 0.73 7.86 0.84 0.02 *trace 6.23 0.89 0.36 0.03 7.14 0.16 0.92 0.76 11.15 0.52 0.91 0.67 9.28 1.13 0.23 0.87 7.27 1.21 0.52 0.22 9.39 0.65 **2.73 0.76 **14.65 1.07 1.65 0.59 8.24 0.22 0.78 0.19 8.01 0.51 *0.00 *trace 5.32 1.12 0.78 0.59 9.92 0.38 2.07 **1.01 8.26 0.42 0.31 0.63 7.56 1.25 0.47 0.15 9.30 1.18 0.96 0.64 7.78

NMSU Agricultural Science Center - Farmington Year 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Mean

Jan 0.57 0.09 1.03 0.12 0.14 0.62 0.44 0.04 0.08 0.34 1.09 0.39 0.42 1.21 0.36 1.34 0.03 0.10 0.88 *0.00 1.22 0.46 0.51

Feb Mar Apr May 0.14 1.45 1.28 0.9 0.43 0.28 0.17 *0.00 0.48 0.03 **2.88 0.82 0.61 0.65 0.73 0.03 0.05 0.13 1.21 1.26 0.25 **2.05 0.21 0.03 0.80 1.37 0.67 0.87 0.04 0.17 0.37 *0.00 1.29 0.49 0.02 0.01 0.90 *0.00 2.50 *0.00 **1.81 0.36 0.85 0.55 0.05 0.71 0.58 0.09 0.59 1.13 0.35 1.73 0.74 0.14 0.03 0.25 0.44 0.21 0.28 0.78 0.95 0.82 0.26 0.10 0.18 0.34 1.09 0.86 0.40 0.20 0.01 0.08 0.07 0.14 0.49 0.26 0.41 0.88 0.13 0.26 0.93 0.31 0.61 1.70 0.34 0.01 0.80 0.93 0.48 0.62 0.58 0.54

Jun Jul 0.03 0.23 0.64 0.24 0.62 1.28 0.02 1.38 0.44 2.51 0.12 0.80 0.03 0.82 *0.00 0.42 0.15 0.11 0.14 0.38 0.11 0.52 0.24 1.90 0.10 0.68 0.13 0.63 0.47 0.15 0.10 0.65 0.01 0.65 0.01 1.07 *0.00 0.54 *0.00 0.47 **1.80 0.91 *0.00 0.47 0.25 0.81

2016 Annual Report

Aug Sep Oct 1.88 2.04 0.10 1.07 0.63 2.21 1.12 2.68 0.43 1.48 0.68 2.07 **2.99 0.25 *0.01 1.22 0.50 2.16 1.01 0.26 0.24 0.32 3.26 1.75 1.24 0.87 0.72 0.16 2.53 0.60 1.84 0.48 0.92 0.79 1.38 1.90 0.81 0.74 0.11 0.53 0.28 0.76 0.27 0.09 0.68 2.50 0.84 1.32 0.05 1.02 1.86 0.15 0.67 0.08 1.34 **3.29 0.66 1.07 1.55 0.15 1.14 0.51 1.10 1.37 1.05 0.28 1.05 1.10 0.95

Nov 0.14 0.72 0.67 1.27 0.06 0.78 0.48 0.72 1.03 0.82 0.06 0.06 0.21 0.61 0.32 0.12 0.55 0.24 0.91 0.31 0.89 1.50 0.66

Dec 0.39 0.22 0.80 0.06 0.12 0.22 0.55 0.60 0.31 0.37 0.10 0.73 0.99 0.96 0.42 0.78 0.30 0.69 0.14 0.88 0.65 0.97 0.48

Total 9.15 6.70 12.84 9.10 9.17 8.96 7.50 7.70 6.32 8.70 8.70 8.80 7.90 6.30 4.50 9.78 6.94 3.70 8.70 6.11 11.77 8.18 8.03

* Lowest in column ** Highest in column

Table 5.

Summary of monthly average of the mean temperature* (ºF). NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 1969 – 2016.

Year

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982

34 31 30 30 22 24 26 28 25 33 24 33 30 30

35 40 34 38 35 28 34 41 37 34 32 39 37 31

37 39 43 48 39 48 40 40 39 46 40 40 41 42

52 44 50 53 45 48 46 52 54 52 50 48 55 49

May Jun 63 60 58 60 59 63 56 60 59 56 58 57 59 57

67 68 71 70 68 74 66 70 74 69 67 71 71 67

Jul 76 76 77 78 75 75 74 77 76 76 74 76 74 73 10

Aug Sep 76 76 74 74 75 74 72 74 75 71 72 73 72 72

69 64 64 66 63 65 64 66 68 65 69 65 65 65

Oct

Nov

Dec

50 50 52 54 55 55 54 51 56 56 56 52 51 50

40 42 40 36 44 40 38 40 43 42 35 41 44 40

34 33 30 26 30 28 30 32 36 24 32 37 34 32

Mean 52.8 51.9 51.9 52.8 50.8 51.8 50.0 52.6 53.5 52.0 50.8 52.7 52.8 50.7

NMSU Agricultural Science Center - Farmington Year 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Mean

Jan Feb Mar 31 36 42 28 34 41 30 32 41 40 39 47 29 36 39 24 36 41 27 35 49 29 36 46 25 37 41 28 39 45 35 38 44 33 35 46 33 44 44 32 41 43 29 36 46 34 35 42 35 39 48 34 40 42 31 37 45 32 34 42 38 36 44 30 34 50 38 40 43 34 37 43 28 37 47 24 33 42 32 38 45 26 33 41 24 32 45 32 35 45 24 32 44 32 39 44 33 40 47 29 38 46 30.1 36.2 43.4

Apr 45 47 53 51 53 51 57 54 49 56 51 52 48 51 47 48 49 53 54 57 51 53 52 56 52 50 49 51 50 55 50 50 51 51 50.9

May Jun 56 66 64 69 61 71 60 70 59 70 59 72 63 70 59 75 59 68 62 68 61 69 61 73 57 67 64 71 61 70 61 67 58 68 63 71 63 71 63 75 63 71 64 72 62 69 65 74 61 72 58 70 64 68 57 72 56 71 63 74 60 73 59 71 57 72 59 76 60.1 70.4

Jul Aug 74 75 76 74 76 74 72 74 73 71 76 74 78 72 76 73 75 74 72 73 74 71 77 76 74 76 76 73 74 73 77 74 74 71 75 75 77 74 78 74 81 77 75 73 79 73 78 73 78 76 75 74 77 73 76 72 77 76 76 75 77 73 77 72 74 74 76 72 75.8 73.6

2016 Annual Report Sep 68 66 62 62 65 64 69 69 66 66 64 66 67 61 68 70 63 68 70 66 66 65 68 62 68 66 67 67 65 67 67 69 68 65 66.0

Oct Nov 54 41 47 42 54 40 52 40 56 39 58 41 55 41 54 42 56 38 56 35 52 38 53 38 53 44 52 40 52 41 54 42 54 45 54 35 57 45 53 40 59 41 54 41 56 43 52 44 55 44 54 44 50 43 56 39 53 40 55 44 50 41 56 42 59 41 58 45 53.8 40.9

Dec Mean 51.8 34 51.9 35 52.1 31 53.3 33 51.6 29 52.3 31 53.9 31 53.1 24 51.4 29 52.2 26 52.4 32 53.8 35 53.5 35 53.0 32 52.3 31 53.0 32 52.8 30 53.7 34 54.6 31 53.8 32 55.1 34 53.5 33 54.6 32 54.0 31 53.7 30 51.8 31 52.8 27 52.3 38 51.5 30 54.4 32 51.6 28 53.8 34 53.7 30 54.0 34 31.4 52.7

*The mean temperatures are the average of maximum and minimum temperatures for the month.

Table 6.

Summary of monthly average maximum temperature* (ºF). NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 1969 – 2016.

Year

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

1969 1970 1971 1972

42 42 43 43

46 54 48 54

50 52 59 66

69 60 66 70

May Jun 78 78 74 78

81 84 87 86

Jul 91 91 93 93

11

Aug Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

90 91 87 87

62 63 65 63

51 55 51 46

45 44 39 37

83 78 80 80

Mean 65.7 66.0 66.0 66.9

NMSU Agricultural Science Center - Farmington Year 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Mean

Jan 32 34 37 41 34 41 31 41 49 41 40 41 41 49 40 35 38 41 35 38 44 46 42 45 39 45 50 47 41 45 51 41 48 46 38 34 42 35 35 45 35 46 42 38 41.0

Feb 42 40 44 54 51 44 42 50 51 41 46 48 44 51 47 47 45 47 49 50 48 46 58 54 48 46 54 53 48 49 48 45 49 52 48 43 51 42 44 46 43 52 52 52 48.0

Mar Apr May 50 59 74 62 64 80 52 60 71 56 68 76 53 69 74 58 65 70 52 65 72 53 64 72 53 70 74 54 63 72 53 59 72 56 61 80 55 67 75 61 64 75 52 68 74 57 65 75 63 73 79 58 67 73 53 65 75 58 71 76 59 67 76 61 66 76 58 61 71 58 68 82 63 61 77 57 62 78 64 63 73 56 68 82 57 68 79 57 72 79 56 67 79 65 66 80 56 67 78 56 70 82 61 66 74 58 66 74 59 64 78 54 65 73 59 64 71 60 70 79 59 65 75 58 65 74 61 66 70 61 65 73 57.3 65.7 75.6

Jun 84 91 85 87 90 85 84 89 88 84 82 84 88 84 87 87 86 90 84 84 86 90 83 87 86 85 86 89 89 93 88 89 86 91 88 85 81 88 87 90 90 87 86 92 86.7

Jul 90 89 89 92 90 90 90 93 90 89 90 91 91 86 90 92 93 90 90 86 91 93 91 91 90 92 89 93 92 94 97 91 96 92 93 90 92 90 92 90 90 92 87 91 91.0

Aug 90 88 88 88 89 86 86 88 88 85 89 87 89 89 86 87 87 87 88 87 85 91 90 89 87 90 84 91 88 90 91 88 88 86 90 88 88 85 90 89 87 86 88 84 87.9

2016 Annual Report Sep 79 80 79 79 81 78 84 80 80 78 83 80 76 75 80 80 84 82 80 81 79 81 81 76 82 86 80 84 85 80 82 79 83 75 82 80 80 82 79 81 79 83 83 79 80.4

Oct Nov 70 57 66 52 70 53 65 53 71 54 70 51 71 46 66 55 65 58 65 51 68 52 60 55 67 51 65 50 71 51 73 53 69 56 68 54 71 49 72 48 66 50 66 50 69 59 66 53 67 54 68 56 73 63 66 46 72 59 66 53 74 52 67 51 69 57 64 57 69 59 69 56 63 55 69 52 66 51 70 58 64 52 69 55 71 53 72 56 67.7 53.3

Dec Mean 64.1 42 65.4 39 64.2 42 67.0 45 66.9 47 64.3 33 63.8 43 66.8 51 67.7 46 63.7 41 64.8 43 65.7 45 65.6 43 66.1 44 65.5 40 66.2 43 68.2 45 66.1 36 64.7 37 65.6 36 66.2 43 67.7 46 67.5 47 67.7 43 66.3 42 67.5 45 68.6 44 68.3 45 68.4 43 68.4 43 69.3 46 67.2 44 68.4 45 67.8 42 67.3 39 65.2 40 65.8 37 65.2 47 64.7 40 68.3 42 64.8 38 67.5 43 66.6 41 67.3 43 42.4 66.4

* The average daily maximum temperature represents the sum of the maximum daily temperatures in each month divided by the number of days in that month.

12


2016 Annual Report

Summary of monthly average of the minimum temperature* (ºF). NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 1969 – 2016.

Year

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

25 20 16 18 12 14 14 16 15 25 16 26 20 18 21 16 20 23 18 13 16 18 16 18 26 19 24 19 19 22 21 22 21 19 25 19 28 21 17 13 22

24 27 20 22 26 17 23 28 22 25 22 28 23 21 26 20 19 26 25 24 24 25 25 27 28 24 29 28 24 25 24 28 26 18 24 22 31 21 26 24 25

24 26 26 31 29 33 28 25 25 33 28 27 29 30 31 27 32 33 26 25 34 35 30 32 30 31 31 29 28 28 31 29 32 26 31 35 30 31 32 27 31

35 29 33 36 32 33 31 36 39 38 34 33 39 34 31 33 38 39 39 36 40 41 34 40 36 38 35 34 32 33 34 37 40 41 35 39 37 39 38 34 34

48 43 42 43 44 46 40 45 44 43 44 41 44 43 41 48 46 44 45 44 47 45 44 48 45 46 43 47 46 45 43 44 47 46 47 47 47 48 48 42 49

51 53 54 55 52 57 48 53 59 53 50 52 54 51 51 53 54 55 53 56 54 59 53 52 52 56 50 54 54 48 50 54 54 57 53 55 52 57 56 54 54

61 62 61 62 60 61 60 62 62 61 58 59 58 58 58 61 61 59 57 61 63 63 59 57 57 60 58 60 59 62 59 58 63 61 64 59 62 64 62 61 62

62 62 60 60 60 59 57 59 61 57 57 58 56 60 61 60 59 60 57 60 58 60 59 58 58 61 61 58 59 59 57 58 59 58 62 58 59 60 62 60 58

55 49 48 53 48 50 50 54 55 52 53 50 50 52 52 52 48 50 49 48 54 56 51 50 48 50 52 47 54 54 46 52 54 51 50 51 54 48 53 51 53

39 36 38 45 40 44 39 37 42 43 40 35 37 35 41 36 41 40 40 43 40 40 40 40 38 39 37 38 37 40 36 42 42 39 44 41 43 40 40 40 36

30 30 28 27 31 28 24 26 31 33 25 27 30 29 29 30 29 29 28 29 26 30 27 22 25 27 29 28 28 29 28 25 32 27 29 30 29 31 28 32 30

22 22 21 15 19 17 19 17 26 15 20 24 22 22 24 25 19 22 19 19 16 11 21 16 20 24 23 21 20 19 15 23 19 22 22 21 19 20 20 22 16

13

Mean 39.7 38.3 37.3 38.9 37.8 38.3 36.1 38.2 40.1 39.8 37.3 38.3 38.5 37.8 38.8 38.4 38.8 40.0 38.0 38.2 39.3 40.3 38.3 38.3 38.6 39.6 39.3 38.6 38.3 38.7 37.0 39.3 40.8 38.8 40.5 39.8 40.9 40.0 40.2 38.3 39.2


2016 Annual Report

Year

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Mean

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Mean

17 14 19 13 18 24 19 19.1

24 19 23 20 26 27 24 24.1

28 31 30 29 30 34 30 29.6

37 36 39 36 35 36 38 36.0

42 42 47 45 45 45 44 44.8

55 55 58 56 54 57 60 53.9

62 61 62 63 63 60 61 60.6

59 62 61 60 59 60 59 59.3

53 52 53 55 56 54 51 51.5

43 39 40 36 43 46 44 39.9

26 29 30 29 28 28 34 28.5

28 20 21 17 25 19 24 20.3

39.5 38.3 40.3 38.3 40.1 40.8 40.8 39.0

* The average daily minimum temperature represents the sum of the minimum daily temperatures in each month divided by the number of days in that month.

Table 8.

Summary of highest temperatures (ºF). NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 1969 – 2016.

Year

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr May Jun

1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994

57 56 60 61 47 45 61 54 46 53 46 55 60 60 53 51 50 64 56 49 50 56 44 52 54 58

61 65 64 66 61 60 58 68 65 59 60 64 67 64 68 60 60 70 61 62 67 64 58 58 61 63

74 65 77 76 63 72 65 71 69 79 62 67 71 64 68 68 70 75 69 77 81 74 67 67 72 74

82 72 77 78 76 75 77 77 81 77 78 81 82 75 83 79 79 79 80 78 85 80 79 86 81 81

89 86 84 86 85 93 85 86 91 88 82 86 84 75 89 93 85 85 82 87 90 86 85 85 86 90

96 98 97 94 98 99 96 96 98 95 96 99 100 93 92 94 95 94 93 99 98 100 94 92 96 100

14

Jul 96 98 101 100 99 95 95 100 97 95 97 97 97 97 96 95 100 96 98 96 103 103 97 95 96 98

Aug Sep

Oct

99 99 91 98 97 94 95 93 98 94 96 97 96 95 99 93 95 96 93 93 92 94 93 95 96 97

78 76 67 82 81 83 84 78 82 83 83 84 78 79 74 75 75 75 83 83 85 79 82 83 84 80

95 90 90 89 88 93 89 94 93 90 94 88 85 91 93 89 93 88 89 93 91 93 91 89 88 89

Nov Dec 63 64 70 57 73 64 73 70 74 67 60 73 68 64 70 68 68 63 66 70 67 69 67 61 61 70

56 61 57 52 65 56 57 55 63 47 54 63 56 53 50 54 51 55 58 56 53 55 46 49 56 55

Mean 78.8 77.5 77.9 78.3 77.8 77.4 77.9 78.5 79.8 77.3 75.7 79.5 78.7 75.8 77.9 76.6 76.8 78.3 77.3 78.6 80.2 79.4 75.3 76.0 77.6 79.6

NMSU Agricultural Science Center - Farmington Year 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Mean Maximum Year

Jan 53 56 58 56 62 66 51 59 57 51 57 57 56 51 53 44 50 53 54 60 58 55 54.5 66

Feb Mar Apr 68 74 77 65 71 82 60 75 76 62 77 80 65 75 78 66 70 85 62 70 81 63 74 81 59 74 78 82 62 78 57 68 80 62 71 85 64 76 81 54 70 79 69 73 78 50 75 78 63 72 79 59 73 85 58 74 80 66 69 78 66 76 78 66 73 82 62.5 71.9 79.5 70 82 86

May Jun 82 92 90 93 88 93 87 99 85 94 97 94 90 96 95 98 95 96 89 96 94 98 92 99 85 95 89 93 88 92 90 98 87 96 87 98 87 99 91 94 81 98 85 101 87.4 96.1 97 101

Jul 101 96 98 100 99 97 99 100 103 99 103 100 98 94 96 98 97 97 97 97 97 97 97.9 103 1989 1990 2000 1986 2004 1992 2000 2016 2003 2005

2016 Annual Report Aug 97 96 92 95 91 97 94 99 98 97 95 92 96 97 96 94 95 95 93 92 94 94 95.1 99 1969 1970 1983 2002

Sep Oct 97 83 90 83 91 84 90 85 89 85 93 83 93 86 90 77 92 87 91 78 89 83 87 83 89 80 87 81 88 77 88 89 89 81 90 83 91 77 91 77 88 88 88 79 90.4 80.9 97 88 1995

Nov 68 66 68 67 75 57 75 63 67 67 74 69 71 74 72 71 68 70 68 74 71 70 68.0 75

Dec Mean 79.7 64 78.8 57 78.1 54 79.8 60 67 80.4 80.0 55 79.7 59 79.5 55 80.7 62 79.2 60 79.8 59 79.3 54 78.7 53 76.9 53 77.6 49 77.8 59 77.8 57 79.2 60 77.8 55 79.0 59 79.3 57 78.8 56 56.2 78.4 67

2010 1999 1999 2015 2001

Table 9.

Summary of lowest temperatures (ºF). NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 1969 – 2016.

Year

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May Jun

Jul

1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978

9 0 -18 2 1 -11 -2 -4 -2 12

12 15 5 2 10 1 9 12 13 0

13 11 6 14 20 20 9 11 12 20

27 20 17 24 18 18 19 23 21 26

37 27 31 30 28 28 23 34 33 31

43 53 54 56 52 53 55 54 57 51

44 39 38 47 41 38 38 38 51 45

15

Aug Sep 52 54 54 54 49 52 49 52 54 46

46 34 28 37 37 33 40 42 46 32

Oct

Nov Dec

26 21 18 22 26 30 20 22 32 31

14 18 17 15 14 14 7 1 20 18

7 14 4 2 9 1 6 9 10 -9

Mean 27.5 25.5 21.2 25.4 25.4 23.1 22.8 24.5 28.9 25.3

NMSU Agricultural Science Center - Farmington Year 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Mean Minimum Years

Jan -8 14 10 -1 9 2 6 8 2 -2 4 0 -3 10 10 7 12 6 -1 12 11 1 10 3 17 8 19 10 4 -7 15 5 -5 7 -6 8 9 8 4.2 -18

Feb Mar 5 17 18 13 11 21 -3 19 20 22 11 14 -1 13 8 19 8 9 16 9 -14 14 4 19 12 17 17 20 18 18 4 12 21 18 12 16 13 13 15 13 7 21 14 17 8 21 3 6 8 22 6 21 18 20 11 17 3 9 4 17 12 21 12 18 -6 19 16 13 11 13 14 18 15 16 8 20 9.2 15.8 -14 3

Apr 16 18 19 22 20 18 28 23 24 21 29 30 24 30 24 26 24 20 19 25 20 28 24 27 24 32 20 27 24 21 19 21 21 25 21 25 24 25 22.9 16

May Jun Jul 29 36 51 27 36 53 32 36 44 30 38 47 27 36 61 27 40 53 29 39 53 33 42 53 35 43 50 30 38 54 36 41 55 39 47 55 30 39 53 40 41 47 32 39 49 35 46 50 34 38 45 39 41 54 26 46 51 31 40 59 32 30 50 29 44 52 34 36 57 35 48 56 29 46 53 32 44 52 34 37 56 35 48 56 32 38 56 27 40 54 43 44 56 26 44 49 26 46 51 37 45 57 28 40 57 27 46 58 32 49 54 35 50 54 31.5 41.6 53.0 23 32 43

2016 Annual Report

Sep Oct 42 23 37 17 42 21 38 21 30 35 39 23 31 31 40 28 40 32 33 36 15 36 45 26 39 20 37 28 38 17 39 26 36 24 29 16 43 19 46 27 28 19 33 32 36 28 39 30 41 28 35 26 42 30 31 24 33 19 41 22 31 22 44 24 44 27 45 24 33 27 41 35 48 31 37 31 37.8 25.2 28 15 1971 1971 1989 2002 1979 1975 1999 1969 1980 1989 1999

16

Aug 51 41 49 54 55 54 51 52 47 54 48 52 54 48 52 57 55 52 53 52 49 52 52 50 57 51 53 49 56 53 48 53 57 55 52 48 56 49 51.8 41

Nov 6 12 13 17 11 15 8 16 14 12 9 16 11 7 8 8 13 19 17 16 9 10 13 19 12 8 16 4 14 13 12 6 19 16 15 12 15 12 12.7 1

Dec Mean 23.1 9 24.8 11 25.2 4 24.0 6 28.0 10 25.8 13 24.7 8 27.5 8 25.4 1 25.2 1 23.0 3 -16 26.4 24.9 3 26.9 -2 26.1 8 26.8 11 27.4 9 25.6 3 25.6 8 28.3 3 23.3 3 26.9 11 27.3 8 27.0 8 28.7 7 26.6 4 28.6 -2 26.4 5 24.2 2 24.3 7 27.0 1 25.4 3 25.3 4 28.8 5 24.5 3 27.9 3 29.6 6 11 28.2 5.1 25.9 -16

1976 1990


2016 Annual Report

Table 10. Summary of number of days 32 ºF or below and 0 ºF or below in critical months. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 1969 – 2016. –––––––––– Number of Days 32 ºF or Below –––––––––––– Year 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Jan Feb Mar 22 26 25 29 25 26 29 27 22 31 27 19 31 26 25 30 28 14 29 27 24 31 22 24 31 28 26 28 21 12 29 27 25 23 21 25 29 26 24 29 25 18 31 25 18 31 29 24 31 25 16 28 21 20 28 25 24 31 25 27 31 24 13 30 21 14 31 22 20 31 23 15 28 22 24 30 24 14 28 18 15 31 23 21 29 27 23 31 23 20 30 26 19 25 23 24 31 23 13 31 28 23 30 22 21 31 25 11 27 17 21 29 27 20 31 22 14 29 29 23 30 25 20 31 28 25 31 25 18 31 29 20

– Number of Days – 0 ºF or Below

Apr May Jun Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Jan Feb Dec Total 138 0 7 0 0 0 7 22 29 0 0 0 170 1 23 2 0 0 12 23 30 1 0 0 155 4 13 1 0 2 8 26 27 4 0 0 146 0 10 2 0 0 2 24 31 0 0 0 149 0 17 1 0 0 5 16 28 0 0 0 144 2 14 2 0 0 2 24 30 2 0 0 159 2 15 3 0 0 6 25 30 2 0 0 148 2 8 0 0 0 10 22 31 2 0 0 144 3 8 0 0 0 1 20 30 3 0 0 113 6 6 2 0 0 1 14 29 0 1 5 155 4 11 3 0 0 5 24 31 3 1 0 144 0 15 2 0 0 12 18 28 0 0 0 144 0 3 1 0 0 11 19 31 0 0 0 148 3 12 1 0 0 12 22 29 1 2 0 140 0 15 6 0 1 0 18 26 0 0 0 159 0 15 1 0 0 12 18 29 0 0 0 130 1 5 1 0 1 2 19 30 0 1 0 128 0 6 0 0 0 6 18 29 0 0 0 143 0 10 0 0 0 3 22 31 0 0 0 139 2 9 2 0 0 0 16 29 2 0 0 137 2 5 0 0 0 6 27 31 0 2 0 121 9 3 0 0 0 6 19 28 2 0 7 144 2 11 2 0 0 4 23 31 2 0 0 131 1 3 0 0 0 2 28 29 0 0 1 153 0 11 3 0 0 9 25 31 0 0 0 130 0 8 0 0 0 4 22 28 0 0 0 134 0 15 0 0 0 7 23 28 0 0 0 149 0 11 0 0 2 9 24 28 0 0 0 160 1 16 1 0 0 11 22 31 1 0 0 148 0 17 1 0 0 4 22 30 0 0 0 156 0 12 4 1 2 8 24 30 0 0 0 132 0 5 1 0 0 1 24 29 0 0 0 117 0 6 0 0 0 2 13 29 0 0 0 144 0 2 0 0 0 4 25 31 0 0 0 134 0 9 3 0 0 2 18 29 0 0 0 125 0 1 1 0 0 6 20 30 0 0 0 123 1 8 0 0 0 1 19 30 0 0 1 137 0 3 0 0 1 10 17 30 0 0 0 128 0 4 1 0 0 5 23 28 0 0 0 149 3 12 2 0 0 6 20 28 3 0 0 148 0 14 0 0 1 10 17 31 0 0 0 147 0 9 5 0 0 5 24 20 0 0 0 146 5 9 3 0 0 6 23 31 2 3 0 136 0 6 0 0 0 5 17 28 0 0 0

17


2016 Annual Report

–––––––––– Number of Days 32 ºF or Below –––––––––––– Year 2013 2014 2015 2016 Mean Total

Jan 27 30 30 30 29.5 1415

Feb 28 26 25 26 24.7 1187

Mar Apr May Jun Sep Oct 18 9 2 0 0 11 20 12 2 0 0 0 13 8 1 0 0 2 21 6 0 0 0 1 20.0 9.5 1.3 0.0 0.2 5.5 961 457 62 1 10 264

Nov 22 22 21 10 20.9 1004

Dec 31 26 31 28 29.2 1403

– Number of Days – 0 ºF or Below

Total Jan Feb 148 2 0 138 0 0 131 0 0 122 0 0 140.9 0.7 0.2 6764 32 10

Dec Total 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 1.2 14 56

Table 11. Summary of number of days 100 ºF or above and number of days 95 ºF or above in critical months. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 1969 – 2016. –––––––– Number of Days 95 ºF or Above –––––––– Year 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996

May 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Jun 1 5 5 0 5 17 1 3 3 1 1 6 5 0 0 0 3 0 0 5 2 8 0 0 4 6 0 0

Jul 3 13 11 13 6 1 1 11 6 2 9 11 5 4 3 3 12 2 2 7 16 3 3 2 3 11 12 6

Aug 5 5 0 4 6 0 3 0 3 0 3 5 1 1 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 5 6 4

Sep 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

18

Total 10 23 16 17 17 18 5 14 12 3 13 22 11 5 4 3 16 4 2 12 18 11 3 3 9 22 19 10

––– Number of Days ––– 100 ºF or Above Jun Jul Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 3 0 3 0 0 0


2016 Annual Report

–––––––– Number of Days 95 ºF or Above –––––––– Year 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Mean Total

May 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 3

Jun 0 3 0 0 3 14 2 3 2 11 3 0 0 1 3 5 5 0 7 11 3.2 154

Jul 4 16 2 5 10 13 26 6 22 11 12 0 7 6 4 2 1 8 2 6 7.2 347

Aug 0 1 0 7 0 5 7 2 1 0 3 3 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1.9 91

Sep 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 2

Total 4 20 2 13 13 36 36 11 25 22 18 3 8 7 9 8 6 8 9 17 12.5 587

––– Number of Days ––– 100 ºF or Above Jun Jul Total 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 9 0 9 0 0 0 7 0 7 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 1 0 0.1 0.7 0.8 4 33 37.0

Table 12. Summary of mean daily evaporation (inches per day). NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 1972 – 2016. Year 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986

Mar 0.226 -

Apr 0.206 0.309 0.304 0.310 0.278 0.258 0.254 0.245 0.245 0.212 0.245

May 0.347 0.419 0.299 0.380 0.396 0.311 0.278 0.322 0.297 0.323 0.328 0.391 0.282 0.317

Jun 0.477 0.370 0.512 0.401 0.515 0.498 0.427 0.362 0.489 0.470 0.427 0.384 0.389 0.409 0.366

Jul 0.478 0.372 0.415 0.396 0.444 0.423 0.469 0.354 0.452 0.388 0.392 0.404 0.379 0.409 0.366

19

Aug 0.381 0.344 0.415 0.403 0.423 0.394 0.422 0.342 0.406 0.363 0.314 0.357 0.334 0.374 0.366

Sep 0.319 0.319 0.395 0.270 0.302 0.317 0.321 0.317 0.272 0.255 0.193 0.291 0.261 0.233 0.225

Oct 0.142 0.311 0.242 0.190 0.213 0.257 0.229 0.280 0.165 0.260 0.203 0.106 0.141 0.242

Nov Mean 0.359 0.350 0.411 0.317 0.366 0.346 0.360 0.309 0.354 0.313 0.308 0.328 0.301 0.155 0.277 0.155 0.285

NMSU Agricultural Science Center - Farmington Year 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Mean Years

Mar -

Apr May 0.277 0.234 0.373 0.330 0.393 0.255 0.373 0.299 0.377 0.277 0.280 0.322 0.339 0.278 0.383 0.249 0.315 0.303 0.435 0.246 0.301 0.242 0.367 0.277 0.347 0.320 0.426 0.281 0.378 0.307 0.428 0.274 0.374 0.248 0.403 0.272 0.362 0.323 0.415 0.266 0.315 0.311 0.367 0.277 0.285 0.278 0.351 0.300 0.344 0.293 0.396 0.300 0.349 0.252 0.335 0.247 0.210 0.234 0.291 0.226 0.274 0.347 1 40 44

Jun Jul 0.383 0.393 0.369 0.421 0.418 0.446 0.516 0.411 0.366 0.411 0.405 0.383 0.465 0.477 0.501 0.504 0.424 0.445 0.424 0.451 0.395 0.399 0.471 0.420 0.437 0.379 0.470 0.425 0.465 0.405 0.493 0.455 0.493 0.504 0.48 0.442 0.420 0.490 0.488 0.408 0.447 0.416 0.460 0.381 0.336 0.430 0.413 0.395 0.482 0.424 0.482 0.381 0.462 0.387 0.455 0.421 0.295 0.302 0.499 0.408 0.438 0.417 45 45

20

2016 Annual Report

Aug Sep Oct 0.335 0.274 0.101 0.314 0.285 0.198 0.356 0.312 0.219 0.366 0.294 0.186 0.358 0.284 0.238 0.348 0.272 0.211 0.328 0.304 0.180 0.402 0.309 0.246 0.375 0.324 0.241 0.358 0.236 0.182 0.309 0.259 0.187 0.366 0.334 0.189 0.280 0.274 0.240 0.366 0.295 0.157 0.352 0.361 0.235 0.396 0.261 0.149 0.397 0.311 0.212 0.365 0.276 0.159 0.338 0.277 0.162 0.341 0.251 0.163 0.360 0.289 0.211 0.367 0.296 0.208 0.362 0.261 0.169 0.306 0.286 0.182 0.377 0.252 0.171 0.366 0.296 0.241 0.318 0.265 0.177 0.296 0.218 0.185 0.343 0.255 0.141 0.234 0.223 0.184 0.356 0.283 0.198 45 45 44

Nov Mean 0.294 0.151 0.293 0.353 0.343 0.333 0.311 0.345 0.375 0.339 0.341 0.299 0.341 0.319 0.351 0.354 0.356 0.366 0.339 0.332 0.341 0.329 0.341 0.303 0.316 0.336 0.351 0.323 0.309 0.256 0.296 0.154 0.331 3 45


2016 Annual Report

Table 13. Summary of mean monthly evaporation (inches per month). NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 1972 – 2016. Year

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Total

1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

6.18 9.27 9.12 9.30 8.34 7.74 7.62 7.35 6.37 6.35 7.36 7.65 8.68 7.76 9.66 8.35 7.48 9.10 7.37 7.27 8.31 9.62 8.45 9.21 8.22 7.43 8.17 8.72 7.97 9.33 8.33 8.35 9.02 8.78

10.76 12.99 9.27 11.78 12.28 9.64 8.62 9.98 9.21 10.01 8.85 12.15 8.74 9.82 6.64 11.55 12.18 11.56 11.68 8.67 10.52 11.90 9.78 13.50 9.33 11.37 10.75 13.20 11.35 13.29 11.58 12.49 11.21 12.85 9.78 11.38 8.86 10.88 10.68 12.29

14.31 11.10 15.36 12.03 15.45 14.94 12.81 10.86 14.67 14.10 12.81 11.51 11.66 12.27 10.97 11.47 11.06 12.54 15.48 10.99 12.15 13.94 15.04 12.72 12.72 11.84 14.12 13.12 14.11 13.92 14.79 14.80 14.27 12.59 14.65 13.41 13.80 10.08 12.40 14.46 14.45

14.82 11.53 12.87 12.28 13.76 13.11 14.54 10.97 14.01 12.03 12.14 12.51 11.74 12.68 11.34 12.19 13.05 13.83 12.74 12.77 11.89 14.78 15.63 13.81 13.99 12.36 13.03 11.75 13.16 11.75 14.09 15.63 13.69 15.20 12.65 12.90 11.84 13.34 12.25 13.15 11.80

11.81 10.66 12.25 12.49 13.11 12.21 13.08 10.60 12.59 11.25 9.73 11.06 10.43 11.61 11.34 10.39 9.74 11.04 11.35 11.11 10.80 10.17 12.46 11.63 11.10 9.59 11.36 8.68 11.36 10.93 12.28 12.32 11.32 10.47 10.58 11.15 11.39 11.24 9.49 11.71 11.35

9.57 9.57 9.33 8.10 9.06 9.51 9.63 9.51 8.16 7.65 7.28 8.72 7.84 6.99 6.75 8.23 8.55 9.37 8.82 8.53 8.19 9.11 9.28 9.74 7.08 7.78 10.03 8.21 8.86 10.59 7.82 9.33 8.28 8.30 7.52 8.68 8.89 7.83 8.58 7.57 8.88

4.40 4.59 7.50 5.89 6.60 7.97 7.10 8.68 5.12 8.06 6.35 3.29 4.44 3.12 6.16 5.77 6.53 5.57 7.38 7.48 5.66 5.80 5.85 7.45 4.87 7.29 4.63 6.58 4.93 5.03 5.05 6.54 6.45 5.26 5.64 5.32 7.48

54.91 53.62 67.39 67.85 78.32 77.77 76.97 66.00 75.83 66.98 67.38 59.00 63.48 63.08 57.58 52.04 60.11 58.96 73.37 63.76 65.99 73.75 80.04 72.64 73.15 64.07 73.03 68.27 75.18 74.28 76.11 78.46 72.41 70.97 72.02 70.40 73.08 64.94 67.59 71.90 75.03

21


2016 Annual Report

Year

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Total

2013 2014 2015 2016 Mean Years

8.02 7.68 8.02 7.83 8.18 38

10.82 10.64 7.87 9.94 10.74 44

13.86 13.64 10.64 14.98 13.18 45

12.00 13.52 10.08 13.12 12.94 45

9.86 10.24 11.49 8.40 11.09 45

7.96 8.09 8.17 7.74 8.53 45

5.50 5.69 5.38 5.80 5.96 41

69.02 69.50 61.65 67.81 68.88 45

Table 14. Summary of wind movement in miles per day (MPD) at 6 inch height above evaporation pan. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 1980 – 2016. Year 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Mean

––––––––––––––––––––– 6 inches above evaporation pan –––––––––––––––––––– 53.6 64 66 100 97 80 57 44 41 27 30 23 14 62.1 50 80 94 85 71 64 58 60 20 55 56 52 70.0 69 36 63 89 78 42 59 75 77 86 77 89 89.2 82 101 107 101 108 98 76 70 62 73 94 98 82.3 63 101 104 114 78 94 66 61 70 71 99 67 82.9 49 87 128 98 76 66 70 76 70 72 148 55 61.8 53 61 72 95 78 64 52 66 60 45 50 45 43.1 60 41 50 50 31 22 25 19 21 48 71 79 80.4 76 73 99 88 99 81 75 71 75 64 82 82 75.1 84 75 96 86 69 73 78 72 73 68 68 59 83.1 78 97 90 91 91 84 82 82 76 72 71 83 74.4 61 73 106 98 99 75 79 67 72 57 59 47 68.5 64 66 80 76 72 74 66 70 62 58 68 66 84.9 103 86 105 107 91 81 71 75 74 65 82 79 74.5 81 96 83 94 71 61 72 72 63 58 84 59 76 65 83 81 80 61 63 59 52 64 58 49 65.9 70.7 92 79 88 93 72 73 72 60 44 51 53 71 56.7 43 79 78 73 70 62 55 48 50 48 39 35 69.8 59 75 83 81 66 72 70 66 62 78 66 59 76 74 83 109 95 70 63 63 61 65 73 78 75.8 74.5 83 88 93 93 85 80 66 64 62 63 60 57 73.4 65 74 72 91 83 77 64 67 74 74 65 75 67.9 74 90 104 83 59 64 69 55 62 50 56 49 36 58 60 68 70 70 56 60 56 50 56 62 58.5 49.8 36 56 61 65 53 54 54 46 48 44 52 29 51.2 52 54 72 71 50 50 49 43 44 44 46 39 51.7 52 51 61 66 57 61 53 47 43 44 37 48

22

NMSU Agricultural Science Center - Farmington Year

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

2016 Annual Report

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Mean

––––––––––––––––––––– 6 inches above evaporation pan –––––––––––––––––––– 49.8 40 53 47 62 50 41 51 62 38 54 62.3 48 69 81 92 82 65 50 35 31 60 65 69 54.8 41 57 77 80 52 44 48 43 47 54 49 66 33 59 79 82 74 60 57 58 61 72 51 65.1 65 78 84 84 73 62 50 52 46 63 60 64 69.5 58 82 94 103 77 65 62 49 54 65 61 64 76 69 90 51 46 38 42 39 29 35 43 44 41.3 47 34.7 26 47 61 44 41 36 36 29 25 22 28 21

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Mean 61.9 71.3 (MPD) Mean 2.6 3.0 (MPH)

82.6

84.0

72.1

65.1

60.4

57.1

54.3

57.7

63.1

3.4

3.5

3.0

2.7

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.4

2.6

58.8 65.6 2.4

2.7

Blank cells represent 3 or more days of missing data.

Table 15. Summary of wind movement in miles per day (MPD) at two meter height above ground. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 1980 – 2016. Year Jan Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec Mean

––––––––––––––––––––––– 2 meters above ground ––––––––––––––––––––––––– 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

112 88 111 64 95 113 139 121 97 125 101 117 164 130 137 171 106

124 63 139 115 127 129 131 122 133 152 120 119 139 156 129 145 149

141 97 147 93 183 145 143 163 151 146 190 137 153 144 147 161 146

124 127 154 136 155 179 158 148 147 170 191 142 171 166 176 182 153

134 102 100 141 88 142 154 139 166 132 165 167 133 144 135 185 149 137

132 81 122 120 96 136 139 126 138 123 154 138 137 86 130 137 140 113

116 62 103 116 52 136 128 122 132 126 141 140 118 57 136 128 127 112

23

96 82 91 102 46 133 134 119 126 120 136 119 118 80 127 118 119 101

82 71 99 113 49 125 128 132 120 125 127 129 111 103 120 115 112 105

78 81 95 107 44 127 118 108 91 115 135 111 110 87 119 137 134 115

80 76 86 130 136 72 116 123 98 112 127 109 113 92 154 129 119 118

84 58 99 136 110 117 99 117 98 104 130 85 106 115 100 147 110

92.8 97.5 126.3 85.8 129.0 131.8 129.8 126.9 123.8 142.3 133.3 121.8 116.0 136.0 136.5 142.2 122.1

NMSU Agricultural Science Center - Farmington Year Jan Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

2016 Annual Report

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec Mean

––––––––––––––––––––––– 2 meters above ground ––––––––––––––––––––––––– 100 133 145 144 112 120 111 100 105 131 111 106 118.2 143 142 145 186 196 92 85 100 107 98 93 126 126.1 132 141 149 158 144 135 108 104 108 110 113 109 125.9 116 127 173 147 141 128 106 108 121 125 110 132 127.8 117 144 163 134 126 115 114 96 108 90 110 107 118.7 98 134 143 139 134 128 106 107 113 103 116 129 120.8 93 121 135 134 120 114 112 99 100 102 119 87 111.3 107 111 146 153 117 116 111 94 98 98 119 113 115.3 131 140 139 143 126 127 106 95 103 104 122 106 120.2 96 131 121 147 122 129 109 89 96 117 103 128 115.7 106 125 142 165 144 128 101 95 94 108 121 133 121.8 100 119 144 157 108 96 96 88 94 106 87 145 111.7 73 100 130 154 125 63 94 78 79 89 108 90 98.6 78 113 130 159 127 107 82 78 79 85 102 74 101.2 92.6 99 110 114 116 99 89 72 76 73 90 79 94 91.8 83 106 122 137 98 73 81 71 76 88 84 82 78.2 97 82 99 118 78 74 80 61 52 58 74 65 61.7 57 67 76 90 68 56 61 57 38 49 66 56 64.8 41 73 104 89 54 71 62 59 45 63 63 53

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Mean 107.2 122.5 139.1 148.6 128.4 113.8 104.0 (MPD) Mean 4.5 5.1 5.8 6.2 5.4 4.7 4.3 (MPH)

97.9 4.1

98.8 100.7 105.1 104.2 114.3 4.1

4.2

4.4

4.3

4.8

Blank cells represent 3 or more days of missing data.

Table 16. Summary of mean daily solar radiation (Langleys). NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 1977 – 2016. Year

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May Jun

1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987

204 157 166 141 190 129 188 250 242 243 229

305 168 261 192 296 207 294 345 -* 304 289

386 334 302 300 292 369 345 486 -* 505 506

552 459 423 429 473 536 518 540 499 584 566

438 490 445 459 499 594 654 688 618 837 551

Jul

Aug Sep

530 501 464 586 641 491 527 489 477 529 595 501 607 550 489 707 651 565 734 793 725 494 736 744 816 843 801 736 1,028 1,223 665 638 542

24

396 401 459 436 422 470 583 595 557 918 483

Oct 360 292 267 342 314 393 332 317 410 513 352

Nov Dec Total Mean -* -* 4,136 413.6 185 166 4,370 364.2 165 155 4,136 344.7 280 145 4,349 362.4 248 200 4,580 381.7 227 208 5,052 421.3 230 176 5,575 464.3 226 188 5,606 467.4 256 184 6,274 522.6 282 205 7,381 614.8 246 197 5,264 438.7

NMSU Agricultural Science Center - Farmington Year Jan 1988 220 1989 224 1990 222 1991 212 1992 189 1993 160 1994 223 1995 189 1996 240 1997 215 1998 236 1999 263 2000 251 2001 241 2002 251 2003 249 2004 186 2005 206 2006 258 2007 228 2008 287 2009 262 2010 232 2011 264 2012 260 2013 269 2014 265 2015 218 2016 240 Mean 222.5

Feb 305 280 282 309 268 230 262 288 309 314 260 363 305 322 383 315 264 272 362 284 341 352 293 354 333 360 313 326 354 299.1

Mar 474 419 316 356 358 374 371 358 463 516 443 458 399 424 492 452 418 402 375 396 514 431 451 465 458 468 474 458 416.0

Apr 496 550 479 554 509 514 439 438 580 513 563 527 581 508 593 596 451 526 539 539 617 541 553 562 544 571 523 572 524 527.0

May 626 628 593 651 530 532 482 481 651 613 661 624 689 672 710 640 656 624 644 562 673 608 677 668 656 636 614 **517 618 605.2

Jun 623 633 662 556 616 599 564 552 609 657 725 702 696 766 742 719 703 639 616 676 729 589 695 712 706 688 698 **602 694 652.5

Jul 621 619 620 613 560 614 555 520 676 640 604 584 673 633 663 692 646 664 533 535 641 637 624 652 601 599 575 658 633.8

Aug 555 570 541 537 501 464 496 459 604 567 565 515 579 580 601 604 531 539 472 455 587 581 547 570 551 547 539 556 **551 569.7

2016 Annual Report Sep 486 498 462 450 451 456 411 373 458 491 506 505 479 541 479 510 468 442 426 407 504 473 501 465 491 464 474 481 **489 484.0

Oct 470 361 361 340 324 331 300 324 357 390 331 438 325 396 372 401 346 347 308 406 405 358 375 374 415 425 376 362 **408 365.4

Nov 251 277 234 249 238 240 225 212 250 267 266 320 255 286 294 200 214 277 249 310 286 276 286 260 303 260 -* 289 258 254.7

Dec 216 219 203 146 167 187 178 157 226 220 244 241 213 248 219 203 201 232 188 220 223 200 175 202 244 221 204 206 216 201.1

Total 5,344 5,278 4,975 4,973 4,711 4,702 4,506 4,351 5,423 5,403 5,404 5,540 5,445 5,617 5,799 5,581 5,084 5,170 4,970 5,018 5,807 5,308 5,409 5,548 5,562 5,508 4,006 5,178 5,469 5,231

Mean 445.3 439.8 414.6 414.4 392.6 391.8 375.5 362.6 451.9 450.3 450.3 461.7 453.8 468.1 483.3 465.1 423.7 430.8 414.2 418.2 483.9 442.3 450.8 462.3 463.5 459.0 445.1 431.5 455.7 435.9

*Blank cells represent 3 or more days of missing data. **Months where solar radiation was missing due to a faulty sensor. Data were approximated by regressing the 2010 – 2015 NMSU data (not including missing values) on the aWhere Inc. weather database (http://awhere.com) as y = 3.025 + 0.816x (n = 2018, R2 = 0.695) where y = NMSU values and x = aWhere values.

25


2016 Annual Report

Table 17. Summary of forty-eight year total monthly Growing Degree Days* (May through September. and first fall freeze). NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 1969 – 2016. Year

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

May - Sep

1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

434 434 372 434 372 465 326 403 372 310 341 341 372 341 341 465 397 377 366 396 468 378 409 385 416 426 330 477 441 417 364 479 465 446 453 456 428 477 388 370 450 373 352 459

510 555 600 615 640 645 525 585 675 570 510 570 600 525 495 555 600 574 592 607 565 635 557 536 538 628 516 612 563 499 554 640 591 625 586 588 555 631 581 570 515 584 584 650

729 744 729 744 713 729 713 744 744 729 682 698 682 682 682 729 710 661 674 722 731 729 704 630 652 729 676 730 685 746 710 665 751 739 763 688 745 743 711 720 738 728 729 729

744 744 713 713 713 698 667 698 729 667 667 682 651 698 729 713 692 693 646 697 670 673 701 639 615 746 729 695 670 716 655 663 691 674 730 667 683 674 720 691 660 662 722 722

570 420 450 495 435 450 435 495 540 450 555 450 450 450 525 480 416 395 473 476 540 532 471 484 454 495 494 410 568 560 451 536 578 486 485 452 542 395 509 501 515 519 476 514

2,987 2,897 2,864 3,001 2,873 2,987 2,666 2,925 3,060 2,726 2,755 2,741 2,755 2,696 2,772 2,942 2,815 2,700 2,751 2,898 2,974 2,947 2,842 2,674 2,675 3,024 2,745 2,924 2,927 2,938 2,734 2,983 3,076 2,973 3,018 2,851 2,953 2,920 2,909 2,852 2,878 2,866 2,863 3,074

26

Ist Freeze Date Oct 05 Oct 08 Sep 18 Oct 30 Oct 11 Oct 30 Oct 14 Oct 07 Oct 31 Sep 20 Oct 22 Oct 16 Oct 16 Oct 06 Sep 21 Oct 15 Sep 30 Oct 12 Oct 19 Nov 12 Oct 18 Oct 09 Oct 28 Oct 08 Oct 19 Oct 17 Oct 06 Sep 19 Oct 13 Oct 06 Sep 28 Oct 14 Oct 11 Oct 04 Oct 27 Oct 23 Oct 31 Sep 23 Oct 07 Oct 12 Sep 22 Oct 26 Oct 08 Oct 25

Total to 1st Frost (32 ºF) 3,017 2,949 2,684 3,201 2,990 3,227 2,806 2,978 3,386 2,576 2,986 2,869 2,875 2,741 2,615 3,017 2,926 2,790 2,873 2,981 3,131 3,029 3,153 2,763 2,854 3,169 2,782 2,785 3,081 2,984 2,702 3,117 3,214 3,004 3,329 3,057 3,228 2,826 2,981 2,980 2,753 3,139 2,929 3,343


2016 Annual Report

Year

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

May - Sep

2013 2014 2015 2016 Mean Mean Accummulation

396 390 316 343 400

627 596 597 689 583

758 757 695 710 715

690 658 699 648 690

528 565 549 488 490

2,999 2,966 2,856 2,878 2,878

400

983

1,698

2,388

2,878

Ist Freeze Date Oct 05 Nov 03 Oct 28 Oct 20 Oct 13

Total to 1st Frost (32 ºF) 3,051 3,268 3,176 3,092 2,988

*Growing Degree Days = (Temp(max) + Temp(min))/2 - Temp(base) Temp(max) = 86 ºF at temperatures  86 ºF; Temp(min) = 50 ºF at temperatures 50 ºF; Temp(base) = 50 ºF There is very little growth at temperatures above 86 ºF and below 50 ºF,

Table 18. Summary of mean soil temperature (ºF) 4 inches below soil surface. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. September 1976 to December 2016. Month January February March April May June July August September October November December Mean

Mean High 34 42 54 66 78 89 95 92 83 66 49 36 65

Mean Low

Mean*

28 33 42 49 58 75 77 73 65 54 42 32 52

30.9 37.4 48.0 57.3 67.9 81.8 85.9 82.4 73.8 60.2 45.5 34.2 58.8

*Mean between high and low soil temperatures.

27

Extreme High 41 52 64 77 87 96 100 98 93 78 59 45 74

Extreme Low 24 29 34 40 49 62 69 66 56 41 32 25 44


2016 Annual Report

Table 19. Summary of mean high soil temperatures (ºF) four inches below surface. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 1976 – 2016. Year

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec Mean

1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Mean

31.8 37.0 35.7 46.2 47.6 33.9 34.9 32.5 35.5 41.6 32.2 34.6 31.1 34.5 33.5 34.8 36.8 34.7 34.5 36.1 33.6 33.6 35.6 36.5 29.9 32.4 37.5 31.4 38.5 37.1 29.8 29.9 32.3 28.3 30.4 32.2 27.6 31.1 34.4 31 34.3

49.8 42.8 40.8 52.5 49.9 38.9 44.8 38.5 39.9 47.1 41.9 42.7 38.7 39.5 42.1 43.8 42.4 38.3 48.9 46.9 41.3 40.6 42.5 43.8 37.3 37.6 41.3 35.5 43.8 44.1 40.4 34.7 39.8 37.9 35.8 32.2 34.5 42.3 44.7 40 41.5

56.2 53.7 53.9 59.8 57.6 51.0 51.4 52.4 54.1 58.6 47.1 57.1 57.2 55.5 51.9 55.3 53.7 57.4 55.9 56.6 54.8 51.1 56.1 51.7 51.4 52.3 52.0 60.3 54.9 53.9 57.2 53.3 54.3 49.5 53.0 52.5 47.8 52.8 55.9 55 54.2

79.1 75.5 68.4 68.4 73.9 62.7 59.8 59.3 65.2 64.3 62.4 66.3 67.8 65.8 66.1 68.5 66.0 65.8 60.9 68.3 58.3 62.2 61.9 67.1 64.9 69.5 66.0 65.8 68.6 71.9 68.2 64.1 63.3 63.2 62.0 66.5 63.5 62.4 66.1 65 65.9

88.3 106.6 109.7 102.9 82.0 100.7 106.0 102.2 81.6 92.2 99.2 98.4 80.8 94.2 102.3 96.8 79.3 88.5 92.8 89.7 78.5 89.4 96.0 94.0 73.8 81.4 90.5 92.7 77.0 84.7 92.6 94.7 81.4 93.3 100.4 96.2 77.9 88.9 92.4 95.9 77.0 88.6 93.7 91.5 77.3 89.2 94.0 92.5 77.3 86.6 94.6 90.6 75.4 87.1 91.3 88.6 76.6 86.4 95.3 95.3 77.5 86.1 90.4 90.9 78.9 85.9 94.8 88.4 76.6 89.7 94.5 94.1 69.5 83.7 91.0 92.3 83.5 89.4 94.6 86.4 73.0 91.0 80.4 89.2 95.6 92.0 71.2 87.0 90.7 85.0 79.0 87.8 92.4 90.4 78.0 88.0 92.5 89.7 79.1 90.7 95.5 90.5 75.9 86.8 96.1 95.1 80.6 85.8 91.6 92.5 81.9 88.8 101.2 92.6 82.6 93.8 96.3 92.4 80.4 91.6 101.1 98.9 74.9 88.4 96.6 93.0 78.9 84.0 97.5 93.2 73.0 85.2 92.0 85.6 69.3 84.0 90.2 89.8 77.5 87.8 92.2 89.9 76.1 87.7 93.8 87.3 73.0 84.1 90.0 86.6 72.3 86.2 88.7 89.3 76 89 93 89 77.6 88.7 95.0 92.2

88.9 92.6 91.2 93.4 85.3 81.2 82.8 82.6 85.6 83.3 78.9 82.4 82.6 82.3 83.0 85.6 83.3 80.2 84.3 78.5 83.8 85.3 78.7 80.0 83.7 80.1 81.4 81.2 81.6 78.6 87.8 84.2 84.7 76.8 77.4 82.1 80.3 81.4 83.3 80 83.0

69.2 74.1 73.3 75.0 70.0 65.6 67.7 66.0 59.6 69.5 63.1 70.9 71.0 67.8 67.5 70.1 70.9 64.2 63.2 63.9 64.3 65.5 65.0 65.1 62.4 66.8 63.3 68.8 64.3 63.2 62.2 67.1 66.0 62.1 65.6 61.1 65.0 60.1 64.8 68.5 69 66.4

56.8 53.3 53.9 49.8 54.8 52.0 50.1 47.4 51.1 49.6 45.9 50.9 50.2 49.7 49.8 46.4 44.4 42.5 42.5 51.7 53.1 47.4 46.5 50.5 38.1 52.1 46.0 46.2 46.5 47.6 50.9 53.5 49.3 45.8 45.6 44.7 49.3 46.5 48.2 47.2 51 48.6

38.8 42.6 36.3 38.9 49.0 38.1 39.6 37.1 38.7 37.0 37.0 40.9 34.4 37.0 34.8 37.6 31.4 33.7 33.9 39.9 34.9 32.6 34.8 35.2 34.5 34.1 34.6 35.9 32.3 35.6 33.4 33.4 35.3 29.4 40.2 32.5 36.4 30.9 39.2 35.2 35 36.1

28

63.4 73.9 71.2 68.9 71.7 68.0 65.4 63.5 63.9 67.1 66.0 65.0 66.0 65.1 64.4 65.6 64.8 64.0 64.6 64.7 61.9 63.9 64.7 63.3 63.6 64.0 64.3 65.3 64.0 66.5 66.4 66.9 64.1 63.8 61.9 60.9 63.6 61.3 63.0 64.3 64.4 65.3


2016 Annual Report

Table 20. Summary of mean low soil temperature (ºF) four inches below surface. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 1976 – 2016. Year

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Mean

21.6 33.7 33.7 39.9 37.0 29.6 32.7 31.1 32.1 33.5 31.2 33.8 27.4 27.9 30.6 33.3 33.8 28.5 31.8 28.2 31.3 30.6 31.8 32.1 28.7 28.6 31.6 28.3 33.7 29.0 26.0 27.6 31.2 26.1 28.6 29.8 20.9 29.0 30.3 30.4 30.4

30.0 36.1 35.9 42.4 37.0 33.6 37.9 33.3 31.2 36.4 35.1 37.8 34.1 31.7 35.2 37.6 36.1 30.7 35.4 36.5 34.8 33.4 33.8 36.9 32.5 31.0 34.0 30.1 35.3 31.5 32.5 30.9 33.8 33.1 29.4 29.8 32.5 34.4 36.5 34.1 34.1

35.8 40.2 42.5 44.2 42.6 40.0 42.4 37.7 40.9 42.7 37.0 43.3 43.8 40.9 40.7 45.0 40.7 40.3 41.4 40.4 42.4 37.5 44.0 40.4 41.0 36.2 39.4 43.0 37.8 37.4 40.3 38.2 40.5 37.4 42.7 41.7 39.5 41.9 44.9 40.9 40.9

52.1 55.3 52.0 52.1 54.6 48.0 47.1 43.8 48.1 47.8 48.4 49.6 53.7 50.7 49.4 55.2 47.0 48.1 45.2 49.4 46.6 45.1 46.9 50.9 48.7 52.3 48.6 48.2 47.2 48.1 47.3 45.8 45.7 49.3 51.5 55.8 50.0 50.2 50.8 49.4 49.4

59.8 60.0 62.0 61.1 59.8 60.1 57.6 59.6 56.0 57.8 61.7 56.9 61.8 56.9 59.4 63.2 59.1 57.3 52.2 63.4 59.8 61.5 55.5 63.9 59.6 60.6 59.9 61.3 58.0 61.1 57.5 56.7 61.3 57.9 58.9 65.0 62.3 59.8 56.0 59.5 59.5

78.4 75.2 72.1 72.1 70.5 72.5 65.6 66.7 68.4 67.1 72.9 67.7 68.7 71.2 67.7 69.5 68.6 70.5 66.6 67.7 69.7 71.2 72.6 70.3 72.4 69.8 71.1 67.6 70.1 69.7 68.1 68.9 73.2 73.1 75.6 73.9 71.1 68.1 70.5 70.4

80.2 81.3 78.6 77.5 75.3 78.2 71.2 74.7 72.3 67.7 77.2 75.6 74.2 76.3 76.4 73.7 74.2 74.5 73.5 74.1 76.3 76.5 76.2 76.3 77.0 78.0 74.5 75.2 74.0 77.5 74.2 80.8 78.8 81.2 77.6 79.7 79.5 72.9 76.1 76.1

78.2 77.8 77.7 76.1 75.2 74.5 73.6 71.0 70.4 71.6 75.0 70.5 71.7 71.7 75.6 74.6 68.7 74.6 74.9 64.9 73.4 73.8 70.8 76.8 73.1 73.3 75.5 73.5 71.0 72.1 76.0 72.9 75.3 72.5 81.8 79.4 73.9 74.5 73.8 73.9 73.9

66.5 70.8 68.7 72.7 67.3 67.1 67.6 67.6 64.7 58.9 57.8 68.3 64.1 66.9 66.6 65.9 64.8 57.7 60.3 60.5 66.1 69.1 66.1 67.0 69.2 62.9 63.3 61.5 66.6 57.5 65.3 65.5 71.2 65.6 68.8 69.8 65.5 69.1 67.2 65.7 65.7

51.1 53.4 57.7 54.4 53.9 53.4 51.4 51.5 44.4 47.9 47.1 56.8 55.1 52.9 50.8 57.1 57.1 46.7 47.0 48.7 48.7 49.7 51.7 55.5 51.4 55.1 47.8 53.6 48.0 50.2 46.1 49.9 49.4 52.0 54.7 52.4 54.3 48.6 54.4 55.8 51.7 51.7

39.9 39.4 45.1 41.2 43.7 42.7 41.6 40.3 38.2 37.1 38.2 42.7 40.4 38.3 41.4 39.5 35.5 32.6 35.1 39.2 37.4 36.7 37.4 43.6 34.1 43.2 35.9 37.8 36.1 38.6 37.4 40.6 38.1 37.8 38.2 38.1 40.9 38.5 39.5 37.4 39.1 39.0

29

Dec Mean 23.6 32.0 33.8 35.6 39.1 33.0 36.6 34.0 33.6 31.2 34.6 38.5 32.1 28.9 33.2 36.4 29.7 28.5 31.0 31.5 32.0 28.9 30.9 30.8 31.9 28.5 31.9 30.5 27.3 26.0 27.8 29.3 32.4 25.6 35.5 30.1 31.5 27.5 34.6 31.7 31.6 31.5

45.3 52.6 55.4 54.9 55.8 54.0 52.8 51.8 49.9 49.5 50.2 53.7 52.2 51.9 51.6 52.8 53.3 49.5 49.8 50.5 50.3 47.0 51.4 52.2 52.9 52.2 50.8 51.8 50.2 50.6 49.3 51.0 50.0 52.0 51.9 53.1 54.3 51.1 53.2 54.0 51.9 51.9


2016 Annual Report

Table 21. Summary of soil high temperature (ºF) extremes, four inches below surface. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 1976 – 2016. Year

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Mean

44 45 40 38 52 44 39 37 45 50 37 36 35 44 37 38 42 45 41 42 45 39 44 47 32 39 45 35 45 46 34 32 44 33 38 38 40 40 44 33 40.6

57 51 53 62 61 53 53 45 54 59 54 57 57 55 50 53 52 52 60 55 49 48 50 49 47 48 49 50 50 56 52 47 53 43 45 38 40 50 52 51 51.8

68 60 64 65 69 57 60 62 63 70 56 68 69 66 61 60 67 65 65 65 64 64 65 64 63 67 63 73 64 64 68 63 65 60 64 66 62 61 70 60 64.3

95 106 88 95 80 91 79 89 86 88 78 88 71 88 68 91 76 90 78 86 77 87 75 88 76 85 75 84 76 86 79 85 77 89 80 86 72 79 77 91 69 84 74 90 72 80 78 89 78 86 75 90 74 90 79 85 79 93 81 91 82 88 72 87 74 86 71 87 71 78 77 82 74 82 77 84 75 82 75 83 76.8 87.2

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

117 108 101 104 95 99 91 92 100 97 93 99 94 95 94 95 92 95 90 96 98 95 92 93 95 91 90 99 99 102 99 94 90 87 94 95 88 96 95 95.9

117 112 107 106 98 102 97 97 108 101 99 98 100 97 100 96 99 98 98 100 102 99 95 100 99 100 101 106 103 105 100 101 97 98 96 97 93 97 98 100.4

112 110 107 106 95 99 97 102 101 102 97 97 98 94 99 98 100 99 99 92 95 96 92 94 96 97 99 98 103 98 102 100 99 91 97 93 95 92 95 98 98.4

107 103 105 100 92 88 94 92 94 103 96 96 91 90 92 95 88 88 92 91 91 90 86 86 90 90 95 94 89 92 100 93 94 82 86 90 94 90 89 92 92.8

80 90 86 89 84 76 78 74 76 77 72 80 79 80 78 85 82 77 75 70 78 81 79 73 76 83 75 79 78 76 78 79 82 76 80 75 76 70 78 82 76 78.5

30

Nov 64 67 68 63 65 58 56 64 61 66 54 63 66 59 61 60 53 53 57 60 54 57 54 57 50 62 56 59 57 59 60 63 63 58 57 55 57 55 63 60 65 59.5

Dec Mean 46 53 45 44 55 45 47 43 47 49 44 49 43 44 45 42 37 42 43 50 48 47 49 48 42 47 45 45 42 46 42 45 46 40 44 42 48 40 48 42 43 45.2

74.3 85.8 81.1 78.3 78.8 75.9 74.6 72.4 72.7 77.7 75.8 74.0 74.8 73.9 73.8 73.8 72.0 73.2 73.9 71.3 74.1 68.2 73.6 71.8 71.8 73.1 73.0 74.1 73.5 75.8 75.8 76.7 73.7 73.7 69.6 69.7 71.3 70.3 72.0 73.7 72.4 74.3


2016 Annual Report

Table 22. Summary of soil low temperature (ºF) extremes, four inches below surface. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 1976 – 2016. Year

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Mean

6 31 19 36 33 22 26 23 29 29 28 32 20 23 23 28 30 24 28 22 27 22 30 25 24 23 27 22 31 24 19 16 29 20 25 24 9 25 23 22 24.5

22 34 30 38 31 29 34 32 22 29 32 34 33 26 25 35 34 20 29 26 33 31 29 32 25 25 30 24 31 28 28 29 29 31 18 31 31 25 30 26 29.0

24 37 38 40 39 35 38 32 35 35 31 38 35 33 37 40 36 33 34 32 34 31 37 35 35 28 33 32 35 31 30 33 31 29 34 32 31 35 34 38 34.0

32 49 39 40 40 43 39 38 37 37 36 44 45 43 43 46 39 38 38 41 38 37 40 40 41 41 40 41 35 39 36 37 35 38 35 46 32 44 44 41 39.7

May 52 44 49 54 52 47 47 42 45 49 41 45 53 47 50 54 45 51 45 54 46 54 42 57 46 51 50 49 44 52 44 48 51 42 47 58 55 48 50 44 48.6

Jun

Jul

73 68 62 63 56 63 60 56 60 62 65 53 65 59 56 62 63 64 59 58 64 63 64 62 69 65 63 60 63 61 58 64 66 68 69 65 61 58 66 62.5

70 75 70 72 67 72 64 69 66 60 75 68 63 71 71 66 71 70 62 58 68 72 71 69 72 73 69 69 63 71 65 73 73 77 68 70 76 67 62 68.9

31

Aug 73 70 69 68 71 68 65 65 64 62 71 66 65 63 68 62 57 65 66 57 68 65 67 68 66 66 70 69 64 67 64 70 71 61 78 71 60 64 69 65 66.5

Sep

Oct

53 62 52 68 61 62 57 58 53 47 48 61 56 60 55 58 59 49 53 44 57 63 56 58 63 51 54 48 56 42 50 58 62 59 61 60 50 59 60 51 55.9

39 43 44 44 41 43 40 49 34 41 37 50 49 38 42 40 50 34 37 42 37 35 41 48 44 46 39 45 37 44 35 40 40 35 38 41 38 37 48 46 48 41.4

Nov 36 31 38 32 37 36 37 33 30 31 31 38 31 30 35 35 27 26 26 31 35 32 33 32 30 27 32 26 26 27 31 30 31 32 30 34 32 29 30 33 29 31.5

Dec Mean 6 31 19 36 33 22 26 23 29 29 28 32 20 23 23 28 30 24 28 22 27 22 30 25 24 30 24 16 12 21 19 29 16 26 26 19 20 29 26 29 25.5

36.5 42.3 47.4 45.9 48.8 46.5 45.3 45.3 42.0 41.8 42.7 47.1 45.2 44.3 43.8 45.0 46.3 42.2 42.3 41.3 41.3 39.2 44.4 45.1 46.0 44.0 43.9 44.8 41.3 42.3 41.3 41.0 42.8 44.0 42.8 45.3 45.7 40.8 45.3 46.7 44.7 44.0


32

2016 Annual Report

NMSU Agricultural Science Center – Farmington

2016 Annual Report

Adaptive Field Crops Research in Northwestern New Mexico The New Mexico State University’s Agricultural Science Center at Farmington and the San Juan County Cooperative Extension Service, are engaged in adaptive crop, research and dissemination of research-based information, in northwestern New Mexico and the Four Corners region. The agricultural industry in northwestern New Mexico is critical to San Juan County and the rest of the state. The search for new varieties and hybrids, of currently important crops, is critical. As newly irrigated cropland is developed for the area, the demand for information on the adaptation of new crops will increase. Field crop acreage in northwestern New Mexico is irrigated either by surface or sprinkler systems. Nearly all agricultural lands are irrigated because the average annual precipitation is approximately eight inches. Most farmland in northwestern New Mexico is located in San Juan County along three river valleys (Animas, La Plata, and San Juan) or part of the Navajo Indian Irrigation Project (NIIP) that acquires water from Navajo Lake located on the San Juan River. NIIP conveys water to Navajo Agricultural Products Industry (NAPI) which is located on a high mesa south of Farmington, NM. Approximately 30% of all surface irrigated lands in New Mexico lie within San Juan County. The 150,000 crop acreage in the county is irrigated with surface water. Continued expansion of NIIP increases available irrigated acreage in San Juan County and should reach approximately 240,000 acres upon completion of the 110,000-acre NAPI project. The United States Department of Agriculture has ranked statewide San Juan County 1st in production acres of forage lands used for all hay and haylage, grass silage, greenchop, corn for grain, and dry edible beans, excluding lima beans. It was ranked 2nd in value of sales for vegetables, melons, potatoes, and sweet potatoes. Additionally, it was ranked 4th statewide in wheat for grain production acres. http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2012/Online_Resources/County_Profiles /New_Mexico/cp35045.pdf)1. Adaptive crop research has made and will continue to make a significant contribution to the success of agriculture in the state, region, and nation. This project is designed to evaluate varieties and hybrids of field crops for production in northwestern New Mexico. This includes the evaluation of cultural practices, such as crop variety selection, planting dates, plant population, and soil fertility.

1 2012

Census of Agricultural, the most recent agricultural census, is released every five years.

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2016 Annual Report

Alfalfa – New Mexico 2014-Planted Alfalfa Variety Trial M.K. O’Neill, R.N. Arnold, M.M. West, and D.G. Begay Abstract The 2014–Planted Alfalfa Variety Trial is part of a statewide testing program to help determine which entries will perform best in the area they are tested. This trial was coordinated through the Plant and Environmental Sciences Department at New Mexico State University’s (NMSU) main campus in Las Cruces, NM. The trial consisted of 22 varieties (Table 23) from public varieties and private seed companies. 2016 mean seasonal total yield for this trial was 9.52 ton/acre (Table 24). The highest yielding entry of 10.49 ton/acre was MagnaGraze, an entry from Dairyland Seed. The lowest yielding entry of 7.69 ton/acre was Zia, an entry from Roswell Seed. There were no significant differences in yield total tons per acre at the 95% probability level between the top yielding entry and the next 14 highest entries within this trial. The first cut yielded the highest with a mean of 2.92 ton/acre, while the fourth cutting was the lowest yielding cut with a mean of 1.45 ton/acre (Table 24). Introduction The Alfalfa Variety Trial is a statewide testing program to help determine which entries will perform best in the area they are tested. This trial was coordinated through New Mexico State University’s (NMSU) Plant and Environmental Sciences Department in Las Cruces, NM. The results are compiled at NMSU and distributed to all cooperating growers and seed companies. Objectives 

Test alfalfa varieties for forage yield and yield components.



Relate alfalfa productivity at the Agricultural Science Center at Farmington with productivity at other sites in the state.

Materials and methods The 2014-Planted Alfalfa Variety Trial was planted at the Agriculture Science Center at Farmington on August 12, 2014 which included nine check entries. African Common was hoed-out and replaced with entry 4S417 on August 21, 2014. The trial consisted of 22 varieties from public varieties and private seed companies. The trial at Farmington was established in a randomized block design with four replications. Individual plots were six 8-inch rows by 16 foot long rows (64 ft2). Planting rate was 20 lb/acre. (Table 23) The planter used was a Kincaid 6-row cone seeder equipped with discs that closed the seed trench directly after the seeds were dropped in the small furrow opening at a depth of about 0.25 inches.

34


2016 Annual Report

Table 23. Procedures for the 2014-planted Alfalfa Variety Trial. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016. Operation Number of Entries: Check Entries: Planting Date: Planting Rate: Plot Design: Plot Size: Cutting Date: Fertilization: Herbicide: Insecticide: Soil Type: Irrigation:

Results and Discussion:

Procedure Twenty-Two Dona Ana, Archer llI, Wilson, NM Common, Ranger, Mountaineer 2.0, Lahontan, Zia and Malone August 12, 2014. On August 21, 2014 African Common hoed out and replaced with variety 4S417. 20 lb/acre Complete randomized block with four replications Six 8-inch rows, 16 feet long with 4 foot alley. Four cutting dates: June 2, July 11, August 17 and October 10, 2016. Pre-plant fertilizer applied on August 7, 2014 at 300 lbs. of 11-52-0 e.g. N 11 lb/acre, P2O5 52 lb/acre, K2O 0 lb/acre Preplant herbicide application rate at N 11 lb/acre, P2O5 52 lb/acre, K2O 0 lb/acre. None Doak fine sandy loam Solid set pipe, watered 39.36 inches applied irrigation. Precipitation was 4.77 inches for the total water applied of 44.13 inches. Note: Irrigation ceased on Friday, May 13, 2016 and resumed on Tuesday, June 14, 2016. Yield and other characteristics are presented in Table 24.

Dry fertilizer was applied pre-plant on August 7, 2014 at the rate of N 11 lb/acre, P2O5 52 lb/acre, K2O 0 lb/acre. The plot area was not chemically treated with preplant herbicide. During the 2016 growing season, there were four cutting dates; June 2, July 11, August 17, and October 10. The plots were cut with an Almaco forage harvester equipped with an electronic scale to weigh the green weight of each plot as it was cut. At cutting, samples were taken from select plots to determine dry matter percent. Results and discussion Yield results for the 2016 growing season of the 2014-Planted Alfalfa Variety Trial are presented in Table 24. . Yield for each cut, along with the seasonal total yield, are shown for each entry as dry ton/acre. 2016 was the second year to obtain harvest data from this trial planted in August of 2014. 2016 mean seasonal total yield for this trial was 9.52 ton/acre (Table 24). The highest yielding entry of 10.49 ton/acre was MagnaGraze, an entry from Dairyland 35


2016 Annual Report

Seed. The lowest yielding entry of 7.69 ton/acre was Zia, an entry from Roswell Seed. There were no significant differences in yield at the 95% probability level between the top yielding entry and the remaining 14 entries within this trial. The first cut yielded the highest with a mean of 2.92 ton/acre, while the fourth cutting was the lowest yielding cut with a mean of 1.45 ton/acre (Table 24).

Table 24. Forage yield of the 2014-planted Alfalfa Variety Trial. NMSU Agriculture Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016. Variety MagnaGraze Raven Grandstand 4S417 Mallard Lahonton WL 363 HQ Mountaineer 2.0 Ranger Arrowhead II Roadrunner AFX103009 PGI 424 Dona Ana Archer III NM Common WL 354 HQ Gunner Wilson Malone 54VR03 Zia Mean LSD (0.05) CV (%) P Value a

––––– Yield dry ton/acre a ––––––

Company Dairyland Seed Blue River Hybrids CPS Mycogen Seeds Blue River Hybrids Public W-L Research Croplan Public Dairyland Seed Blue River Hybrids Alforx Alforx Roswell Seed America's Alfalfa Roswell Seed W-L Research Croplan Roswell Seed Roswell Seed Pioneer Hi-Bred Int. Roswell Seed

Cut-1 3.46 3.51 3.09 2.95 3.09 3.04 2.97 2.89 3.11 2.83 3.28 3.10 2.91 3.02 2.79 3.05 2.89 2.70 2.52 2.62 2.42 1.97 2.92 0.58 14.13 0.0012

Cut-2 Cut-3 Cut-4 2.91 2.44 1.67 2.98 2.42 1.52 3.11 2.54 1.56 3.04 2.64 1.45 2.85 2.63 1.49 2.94 2.43 1.50 2.92 2.59 1.32 3.08 2.28 1.49 2.83 2.34 1.45 2.88 2.55 1.36 2.62 2.22 1.48 2.78 2.18 1.51 2.88 2.32 1.36 2.59 2.30 1.53 2.98 2.38 1.28 2.52 2.23 1.54 2.80 2.31 1.31 2.77 2.34 1.32 2.48 2.37 1.67 2.33 2.35 1.49 2.55 2.25 1.28 2.07 2.24 1.41 2.77 2.38 1.45 0.42 ns ns 10.82 14.57 13.21 0.0004 0.8801 0.1599

Total 10.49 10.42 10.31 10.08 10.06 9.91 9.80 9.74 9.73 9.63 9.60 9.57 9.48 9.44 9.43 9.33 9.32 9.13 9.05 8.79 8.50 7.69 9.52 1.15 8.56 0.0027

Yield data may be different than that presented in other publications due to a difference in statistical analysis methods.

36


2016 Annual Report

Corn – Hybrid and Variety Trial M.K. O’Neill, M.M. West, and D.G. Begay Notice NMSU’s ASC Farmington site was without irrigation water from Friday, May 13, 2015 and resumed irrigation Tuesday, June 14, 2017. Therefore, the Corn Variety Trial test in its entirety was not planted for research data.

Winter Wheat – Colorado State University Elite Winter Wheat Trial M.K. O’Neill, M.M. West, and D.G. Begay Notice The CSU Elite Winter Wheat Trial is a wheat breeder trial grown collaboratively with Dr. Scott Haley, Colorado State University. The trial was not harvested for research data. NMSU’s ASC Farmington site was without irrigation water from Friday, May 13, 2015 and resumed irrigation Tuesday, June 14, 2017.

37


2016 Annual Report

Chile Pepper - Variety Trial Drip-irrigated Chile Pepper in Northwestern New Mexico M.K. O’Neill, S.C. Allen, M.M. West and D. Smeal Abstract This study evaluated the yield of 16 varieties of chile peppers (Capsicum annuum) grown under drip irrigation at ASC Farmington in summer 2016. The study included 11 relleños-type varieties, as well as 1 cayenne, 1 habañero, 2 jalapeños, and a super-hot variety; an ornamental (mirasol) was also included for observation only, due to germination issues. Seeds were obtained from the NMSU Chile Pepper Institute (and from three other sources.) in early 2016 and germinated in a commercial greenhouse until ready for planting. Seedlings were transplanted by hand at ASC Farmington on June 17, 2016. Field layout consisted of 3 replications of 10 plants each, divided over 6 rows at 12-inch spacing between plants, 30 inch row spacing, and with E/W borders of Rowpac tomatoes (Lycopersicon lycopersicum). Peppers were hand-harvested 4-5 times between August 25 and October 28. In general, most pepper varieties produced good overall yields, considering the late planting date and phenotypic variations in pod maturity and weight. Seasonal marketable yields for the relleños types ranged from 876 sacks/acre (Sandia) to 1,465 sacks/acre (G76 Anaheim and NuMex Heritage Big Jim), and most of the relleños performed comparatively well. The non-relleños types varied quite a bit in terms of pod weight and overall yields, as would be expected from these very distinct and unique varieties with varying growing season lengths. Overall, about 880 pounds (22 sacks) of marketable chiles were harvested from the drip-irrigated 0.1 acre trial in 2016, not including border chiles and tomatoes. Many of these same varieties, plus some other varieties, will undergo further study in a planned 2017 trial. Introduction Chile peppers are an important horticultural crop in New Mexico, and people in the Four Corners region are showing increased interest in growing them for personal consumption as well as farmers’ markets and other commercial outlets. In addition, the NMSU Chile Pepper Institute, in its mission to test and improve varieties appropriate for various locales, has solicited the aid of Ag Science Centers for local testing of different cultivars. Under the leadership of Daniel Smeal, College Professor Emeritus ASC Farmington had enjoyed a long tradition of growing chiles for varietal testing and refinement of irrigation BMPs. Chiles which have been generally favored by NMSU staff in the past based on taste and cooking quality are primarily the relleños types (e.g., Joe Parker, Sandia, Anaheim, Arizona), although Mirasol (an ornamental-type with a unique upward-growing pod habit) is one of the most favored due to its colorful/attractive form and unique medium hot, berry-like flavor and excellent drying/cooking qualities. However, there is still need for ongoing information about which varieties (new and old) grow best under local climate and watering conditions. The current study was conducted for yield performance of 16 chile varieties grown under drip irrigation in northwestern New Mexico. Objective 

Determine chile pepper yield and other components. 38


2016 Annual Report

Materials and methods The 16 chile varieties in this study included 11 relleños-type varieties, as well as 1 cayenne, 1 habañero, 2 jalapeños, and 1 super-hot variety. (Table 25) The ornamental (mirasol) was also included for observation only, due to germination issues. Plots were hand planted on June 17, 2016. Chiles were planted in 6 rows with 12 inches plant spacing.

Table 25 . Operations and procedures for chile pepper variety trial, NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016. Operations Number of Entries: Planting Date: Plot Design: Plot Size: Field Layout:

Harvest Dates: Fertilization:

Pesticide: Soil Type: Irrigation:

Results and Discussion:

Procedures Sixteen varieties Transplanted on June 17, 2016 Complete randomized block design with three replications 10 pepper plants of each variety Three replications of 10 pepper plants each in 6 rows at 12-inch spacing between plants, with 30 inch between rows and E/W borders of Rowpac tomatoes at 24-inch spacing between plants August 25 and 26, September 15 and 27, and October 13 and 28, 2016 Water-soluble plant food (Miracle-Gro; 24-8-16 NPK) applied on July 6 (via hand watering at 1 tbsp dry fertilizer/1 gal water) and on August 12 (via passive injection of an aqueous solution of ~1 lb dry fertilizer/20 gals water into the main drip system) None Doak fine sandy loam Drip irrigation applied 3-4 times per week during growing season, primarily for the duration of morning hours, plus 3.2 inches of rainfall was received Yield and other characteristics are presented in Table 26, Table 27 and Table 28.

Seeds were obtained from the NMSU Chile Pepper Institute (and from three other individual sources) in early 2016 and most were germinated in a local commercial greenhouse until ready for planting. Selection of varieties was based on previous ASC successes and on recommendations from the CPI, and to serve as a companion study to chile tests being conducted by the Navajo Agricultural Products Industry (NAPI). Initial germination rates for most varieties was good; however, Chimayo, NuMex Conquistador, and Trinidad Scorpion had somewhat lower germination rates. Mirasol had poor germination and was thus not included in the study, although a few plants grown in-house were used as a filler in a vacant plot. Seedlings were transplanted by hand into the 0.1-acre field at ASC Farmington on June 17, 2016. Field layout consisted of 3 replications of 10 plants each, divided over 39


2016 Annual Report

6 rows at 12-inch spacing between plants, 30-inch row spacing, and with E/W borders of Rowpac tomatoes (Lycopersicon lycopersicum) at 24-inch spacing. (Figure 2) Extra (non-study) pepper plants were planted on the north ends of rows and in a tomato row.

Figure 2.

Field layout of chile pepper variety trial. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016.

A single line-source drip tape was installed parallel to each chile and tomato row (1-gph emitter; 12-in emitter spacing). Prior to transplanting, the garden area was disked and harrowed, and a temporary solid-set aluminum sprinkler system was used to moisten the soil. After transplanting, seedlings were drip-irrigated 3 times per week on average during growing season (primarily for the duration of morning hours); 3.2 inches of rainfall was also received during the growing season. A commercial all-purpose, water-soluble plant food (Miracle-Gro; 24-8-16 NPK) was applied on July 6 (via hand watering at 1 tbsp dry fertilizer/1 gal water) and on August 12 (via passive injection of a solution of ~1 lb. dry fertilizer/20 gals water into the main drip system). Pepper varieties were harvested by hand on August 25 and 26, September 15 and 27, and October 13, 2016, with a few non-relleños varieties harvested later on October 28. Mature green (or red/yellow/orange) chile pods were harvested from the 10 plants within each 1-row plot. After a final culling, fresh marketable pods were counted and weighed for yield determination. Certain varieties (Trinidad scorpion, NuMex L.C. Cayenne) were deemed to best picked at full color (marketable) maturity, and thus many were left on the plant for late-season picking. Mirasols, while not an official part of the study, were also planted in a plot left blank by nongerminating seeds of another variety. The Rowpac tomatoes were casually picked by hand on a limited basis during the season but yield was not measured as it was beyond the scope of the project. 40


2016 Annual Report

The experiment was a completely randomized block design. Statistical analysis was carried out for the relleños-type varieties (being morphologically similar) using the ANOVA procedure in the CoStat software package version 6.400 (CoHort 2008). Least significant differences were determined at the 0.05 level of probability. Results and discussion Yield results for the 2016 growing season of the 16 chile varieties is presented in Table 26, followed by a closer examination of the relleños-types in terms of marketable pods. (Table 27) Overall, chile plant survival was good, ranging from 100.0% to 73.3% for the different varieties (Table 26), and was primarily impacted by gopher burrowing activity around a few plants, plus possibly occasional water or heat stress. Some varieties had mature fruit later in the season (e.g., Cayenne, Trinidad Scorpion), an indicator of their more tropical origins and longer growing seasons. Marketable pods per plant (MPP) ranged from 28 to 70 for the different types, with the relleños-types ranging from 29 to 40. A comparatively higher MPP for nonrelleños is logical, given their smaller and more numerous peppers (a function of their distinct morphologies). This also holds true for fresh weight per pod and per plant, which ranged from 0.87 to 1.59 oz, and 2.0 to 3.4 lbs, respectively, for the relleños, with generally lower ranges for the non-relleños. Total marketable yield ranged from 17.5 to 29.3 tons/acre for the relleños, with generally lower ranges for the non-relleños. Price per pound must be considered when looking at marketable yield, as some specialty varieties may fetch higher prices per pound. While a small amount of unauthorized harvesting was noted prior to September 15 and October 28 harvests, this is not believed to have heavily impacted harvest weights. For the 11 relleños chiles, the average number of marketable pods per plant (MPP) over four harvests, is presented in Table 27 below. MPP ranged from 16 pods (NuMex Sweet: Harvest 3) to 3 pods (NuMex Sandia Select/NuMex Sweet: Harvest 4). Seasonal totals for MPP ranged from 39 (Chimayo) to 26 (NuMex Conquistador) Average yield per plant (Table 27) ranged from 561 sacks/acre (G76 Anaheim: Harvest 1) to 83 sacks/acre (NuMex Sweet: Harvest 4). Seasonal yield totals ranged from 1,465 (G76 Anaheim/NuMex Heritage Big Jim) to 876 (Sandia) sacks/acre. Averaged over all relleños varieties, 35% of the total yield was picked on the first harvest of August 25 and 26 (Table 28). The remaining 22, 29 and 14% were harvested on September 15, September 27 and October 13, respectively. The sacks per acre was chosen as a convenient unit of measure for visualization of potential chile yields in a small-scale production setting. Overall, about 880 pounds (22 sacks) of marketable chiles were harvested from the drip-irrigated 0.1-acre trial in 2016, not including border chiles and tomatoes. While not part of the formal study, the few Mirasol specimens in the garden yielded a significant number of small, upward-facing peppers (N=9 plants; marketable pods/plant = 12; fresh weight/pod = 0.83 oz; fresh weight/plant = 0.6 lb; marketable yield = 5.5 tons/acre). These and other varieties are scheduled for ongoing research in 2017 trials. A detailed biochemical analysis was also done to identify important compounds and levels in the test chiles, and this information may be presented in detail elsewhere.

41


2016 Annual Report

Table 26. Average seasonal yields of 16 varieties of chile peppers. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016. Type

Variety

Relleños

AZ 1904 Chimayo (Española, NM) G76 Anaheim NuMex 6-4 NuMex Conquistador NuMex Heritage 6-4 NuMex Heritage Big Jim NuMex Joe E. Parker NuMex Sandia Select NuMex Sweet Sandia Cayenne NuMex L.C. Cayenne Habañero NuMex Suave Orange Jalapeños NuMex Jalmundo NuMex Vaquero Super Hot Trinidad Scorpion

Plant Surviva l† (%) 90.0 100.0 83.3 96.7 87.5 86.7 73.3 86.7 93.3 76.7 100.0 83.3 96.7 96.7 76.7 94.4

Marketable Pods per Plant (no.) 29 40 36 31 31 32 28 31 31 34 33 28 45 40 61 70

Fresh Weight per Pod (oz.) 1.59 0.87 1.48 1.22 1.43 1.26 1.53 1.22 1.43 1.27 0.98 0.77 0.24 0.80 0.39 0.13

Fresh Weight per Plant (lb.) 2.9 2.2 3.4 2.4 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.4 2.7 2.7 2.0 1.4 0.7 2.0 1.5 0.5

Total Marketable Yield‡ (t/acre) 24.9 18.9 29.3 20.7 23.9 22.0 23.5 20.8 23.8 23.2 17.5 11.8 5.9 17.4 13.1 4.8

†

Original N=30 for all varieties except Chimayo (24), NuMex Conquistador (24), and Trinidad Scorpion (18) due to lower germination rates. Values based on average of 3 replications (10 plants per plot x 3 reps). ‡ Tons per acre is based on a plant spacing of 12 inches between plants and 30 inches between rows, which scales up to 17,424 plants per acre.

Table 27. Average number of marketable pods per plant, for 11 relleños-type chiles over four harvests. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016. Variety AZ 1904 Chimayo (Española, NM) G76 Anaheim NuMex 6-4 NuMex Conquistador NuMex Heritage 6-4 NuMex Heritage Big Jim NuMex Joe E. Parker NuMex Sandia Select NuMex Sweet Sandia Mean LSD (0.05) †

Harvest-1† (no.) 9 13 12 12 9 12 10 10 9 10 12 11 5.2

Harvest-2 (no.) 6 7 7 4 4 6 11 7 6 7 5 6 6.0

Harvest-3 (no.) 10 10 12 9 7 8 10 10 12 16 8 10 7.4

Harvest-4 (no.) 4 10 7 6 5 6 4 6 3 3 9 6 6.4

Harvest dates: August 25 and 26, September 15, September 27, and October 13, 2016, respectively.

42

Total (no.) 30 39 37 31 26 32 36 32 31 35 33 33 14.4


2016 Annual Report

Table 28. Average yield per plant, for 11 relleños-type chiles over four harvests. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016. Variety AZ 1904 Chimayo (Española, NM) G76 Anaheim NuMex 6-4 NuMex Conquistador NuMex Heritage 6-4 NuMex Heritage Big Jim NuMex Joe E. Parker NuMex Sandia Select NuMex Sweet Sandia Mean LSD (0.05)

Harvest-1† Harvest-2 (sacks/acre) ‡ (sacks/acre) 444 311 337 176 561 283 382 156 350 193 435 191 487 504 348 275 382 302 391 267 319 139 401 254 220.6 219.7

Harvest-3 (sacks/acre) 360 224 450 296 271 273 359 292 411 496 198 330 229.4

Harvest-4 (sacks/acre) 151 188 171 196 191 186 115 141 86 83 220 157 238.0

Total (sacks/acre) 1,266 925 1,465 1,031 1,005 1,085 1,465 1,056 1,181 1,236 876 1,145 565.2

†

Harvest date: August 25 and 26, September 15, September 27, and October 13, 2016, respectively. Sacks per acre is based on a plant spacing of 12 inches between plants and 30 inches between rows, which scales up to 17,424 plants per acre. One sack = 40 lbs. of fresh produce. ‡

Acknowledgments Appreciation is extended to the NMSU Chile Pepper Institute (Las Cruces, NM) for supplying seeds for this study, and to Mannings Greenhouse (Kirtland, NM) for germinating the seeds. Special thanks to Daniel Smeal for his pioneering work with chile peppers at ASC Farmington, and to Joe Ward for his guidance and great help in the field.

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2016 Annual Report

Long Handled Dipper Gourd Trial Higgins Farms, Inc. Charles Higgins, Ph.D., President, Higgins Farms, Inc. [email protected] Introduction Customers of Pumpkin Patch Fundraisers, LLC have asked to purchase Long Handled Dipper Gourds Lagenaria siceraria for ornamental and artisan use. An observation trial for the long handled dipper gourd as transplant and direct-seeded study was conducted at NMSU’s ASC Farmington site to determine if the long season gourd would productively grow in the cool high altitude area. Objective 

Determine long handled dipper gourd transplant growth at a long season cool high altitude.



Determine long handled dipper gourd direct-seeded plant growth at a long season cool high altitude.

Methods and Procedures Transplants were planted in the greenhouse April 22, 2016. Greenhouse transplants and direct seed were planted at the NMSU Farmington Ag Science Center site on May 12, 2016. (Table 29) Plants were water by sprinkler irrigation. To lengthen the season and reduce the danger of late spring frosts, “Dewitt Biodegradable Paper Mulch” was laid down to warm the soil and to reduce weeding. All treatments were covered with a floating ground cover “Agribon AG-19, 0.55 oz. Frost Blanket.” Plants were grown on a 6 foot high trellis (4 rows, 360 feet long, 10 foot row spacing). Dry fertilizer was applied prior to planting at a rate of N 120 lb/acre, P2O5 120 lb/acre, and K2O 200 lb/acre. (Table 29) Plant study area received five fungicide applications of the following: microthoiol sulfer, Fontilis, Pristine, Quadris Tops, and Inspire Super were applied to control Powdery Mildew Erysiphe cichoracearum.

Table 29. Procedures for Long-handled Dipper Gourd Trial. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016. Operations Number of Entries Varietal type Planting Date Ground temperature control Floating ground cover Growing support structure

Procedures Fifteen Transplants and direct-seeded April 22 (transplants seed in greenhouse) May 12 transplants and direct-seeded planted into plot. Dewitt Biodegradable paper mulch Agribon AG-19, 0.55 oz. Frost Blanket Six-foot-high trellis system. (4 rows, 360 feet long, 10 foot row spacing) 44

NMSU Agricultural Science Center – Farmington Operations Fertilization Insecticide Fungicide Soil type Irrigation

Results and discussion

2016 Annual Report

Procedures N 120 lb/acre, P2O5 120 lb/acre, K2O 200 lb/acre None Five applications of: microthoiol sulfer, Fontilis, Pristine, Quadris Tops, and Inspire Super. Doak fine sandy loam Sprinkler irrigation: 5/12 – 9/11, 2016 a total of 18 inches per ET. Precipitation: 5/12 – 9/11, 2016 was 2.18 inches. Total water applied was 20.18 inches. Observation results are presented in Table 30

Results and discussion Soil temperatures averaged 1.8 degrees F (1.0 degrees C) warmer under the floating ground cover than uncovered soil. The cover was removed June 16, 2016. The market for this gourd is for straight long handles, not curled handles so we built a sixfoot-high trellis and did weekly pruning to try to keep the gourds initiating from the top of the wire. This was a failure. Most of the gourds grew too fast and ended up developing on the ground with snake like handles. Only ten percent had long straight handles. At least a ten-foot trellis would be needed. Most of the gourds did not mature despite the head start from the ground cover. There was no significant difference at the 95% probability level between the transplants and direct seeded plants per 30 feet. (Table 30) This gourd needs a very long growing season and probably needs surface or drip irrigation rather than the cooling effect of sprinkler irrigation.

Table 30. Long Handled Dipper and Other Gourd yields. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016. Gourd Type Dipper Transplant No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Average

Gourds Per 30 Foot Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 71 37 47 36 36 32 58 35 22 34 25 65 42 45

61 45 44 49 38 60 36 37 50 32 39 55 46

60 54 36 38 55 54 44 33 36 55 35 56 46

3 Row Avg. (30 ft row)

44

NMSU Agricultural Science Center – Farmington Gourd Type Dipper Direct Seeded 1 2 3 Average LSD (0.05) transplant and direct seed Other Observations Fruit/Plant Crimson sweet watermelon Crenshaw melon Casaba melon Sugar baby watermelon Cantaloupe sweet & early

2016 Annual Report

Gourds Per 30 Foot Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 44 35 31 37

27 16 13 7 10

46

33 29 52 38

68 45 48 54

3 Row Avg. (30 ft row)

43 ns


2016 Annual Report

NMSU SNaX -- Chip Potato Variety Trial Kevin Lombard, Ph.D., Principal Investigator, NMSU ASC Farmington C.R. Higgins, Ph.D., President, Higgins Farms, Inc. [email protected] Introduction The Navajo Agricultural Products Industry (NAPI) potato project produces, stores, and ships about 4,000 acres of chip potatoes each year. The 2016 SNaX Chip Potato Variety Trial was conducted at NMSU’s ASC Farmington in collaboration Higgins Farms and sponsored by Potatoes USA. Objective 

Determine potato chip varieties for NAPI production.

Methods and Procedures The trial was conducted at NMSU’s ASC Farmington under solid set irrigation. Normal commercial potato production practices for fertility, weed control, insect control (Potato Psyllid), and disease control were applied common to the Navajo Agricultural Products Industry (NAPI) irrigation project. Suberized seed pieces were planted April 13-14, 2016 at ten-inch spacing. Replicated chip potato crop was harvested on September 11, 2016. (Table 31)

Table 31. Procedures for the NMSU SNaX Chip Potato Variety Trial. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM. 2016 Operation Number of entries: Planting date Vine kill date Plant spacing Irrigation:

Crop emergence Soil type Fertilization

Herbicide

Procedure 29 entries non-replicated trial 28 entries replicated trial (3 replications) April 13-14, 2016 August 26, 2016 (replicated trial) 10 inch spacing between plants Solid set irrigation No irrigation available beginning Friday, May 13, 2016. Irrigation resumed on Thursday, June 16, 2016 Irrigation applied was 18 inches. Precipitation 4/14 – 8/25, 2016 was 3.25 inches. Total watered applied was 21.25 inches. 90% by June 16, 2016 Doak fine sandy loam Preplant: N 50 lb/acre urea, Additional N 100 lb/acre nitrogated Preplant: P2O5 120 lb/acre Preplant: K2O 200 lb/acre Sencor and Dual applied pre-emergence at label rates. 47


2016 Annual Report

Operation Fungicide Insecticide

Procedure Bravo, Endura at label rates for weekly applications Actara, Agramek at label rates for weekly applications.

Harvest date

August 8, 2016 (non-replicated Early Dig.) September 11, 2016 (replicated) Observation results are presented in Table 34, and Table 35.

Results

Fertilizer was applied pre-plant at the rate of urea N 50 lb/acre, P2O5 120 lb/acre, and K2O 200 lb/acre. An additional nitrogated N was applied at 100 lb/acre. Total applied N was 150 lb/acre. Herbicides Sencor and Dual were applied pre-emergence at label rates. Insecticide applications of Actara and Agramek were applied weekly at label rates in response to heavy Potato Psyllid pressure. Fungicide applications of Bravo and Endura were applied weekly at label rates in response to Late Blight pressure.

Results and discussion Marketable yield results from the non-replicated Early Dig trial are presented in Table 32. Mean yield of 29 nine entries was 346 cwt/acre. The highest yielding entry at 745 cwt/acre was CO 03243-3W field #5. The lowest yielding entry at 178 cwt/acre was TX 09396-1W. The mean marketable yield of this trial was 346 cwt/acre. Table 32. The highest percentage of undersize (