2016 Rhode Island Kids Count Factbook

2016 Rhode Island Kids Count Factbook

Rhode Island KIDS COUNT is a children’s policy organization that provides information on child well-being, stimulates dialogue on children’s issues, and promotes accountability and action. Rhode Island KIDS COUNT appreciates the generous support of The Rhode Island Foundation, United Way of Rhode Island, The Annie E. Casey Foundation, Prince Charitable Trusts, Alliance for Early Success, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, DentaQuest Foundation, Nellie Mae Education Foundation, Neighborhood Health Plan of Rhode Island, Blue Cross & Blue Shield of Rhode Island, Delta Dental of Rhode Island, UnitedHealthcare Community Plan, Hasbro Children’s Fund, van Beuren Charitable Foundation, and CVS Health.

2016 Rhode Island Kids Count Factbook P A R T N E R S

The Rhode Island Foundation Neil Steinberg, President & CEO Jessica David, Vice President of Strategy & Community Investments Jennifer Pereira, Director of Grant Programs

United Way of Rhode Island The annual Rhode Island Kids Count Factbook is one of fifty state-level projects designed to provide a detailed community-bycommunity picture of the condition of children. A national Data Book with comparable data for the U.S. is produced annually by The Annie E. Casey Foundation. Additional copies of the 2016 Rhode Island Kids Count Factbook are available for $20.00 per copy. Reduced rates are available for bulk orders. To receive copies of the Factbook, please contact: Rhode Island KIDS COUNT One Union Station Providence, RI 02903 (401) 351-9400 [email protected] Visit our website at www.rikidscount.org. Factbook design by Greenwood Associates. Illustrations by Gail Greenwood. Any portion of this report may be reproduced without prior permission, provided the source is cited as: 2016 Rhode Island Kids Count Factbook. (2016). Providence, RI: Rhode Island KIDS COUNT. ©2016 Rhode Island KIDS COUNT

Anthony Maione, President & CEO Adam Greenman, Executive Vice President, Director of Community Investment

The Annie E. Casey Foundation Patrick McCarthy, President & Chief Executive Officer Jann Jackson, Senior Associate, Policy Reform & Advocacy Laura Speer, Associate Director, Policy, Research & Data

Rhode Island KIDS COUNT S T A F F

Elizabeth Burke Bryant, Executive Director Leanne Barrett, Senior Policy Analyst James Beasley, Policy Analyst Jill Beckwith, Deputy Director Dorene Bloomer, Finance Director Jennifer Waring Capaldo, Program Assistant Katherine Linwood Chu, Communications Coordinator W. Galarza, Executive Assistant/Office Manager Stephanie Geller, Senior Policy Analyst John Neubauer, Policy Analyst Micaela Ross, Intern, Brown University Mary Costa, Intern, Brown University

Rhode Island State Agency Directors and Data Liaisons to Rhode Island KIDS COUNT

Rhode Island KIDS COUNT Board of Directors CHAIRPERSON

Linda Newton Partner Newton & Newton VICE CHAIRPERSON

Manuela Raposo Director Student Registration and Placement Providence School Department

Marisa Albanese Manager, Community and Customer Management National Grid Amy P. Goldberg, MD The Aubin Center Hasbro Children's Hospital Reverend Matthew Kai Pastor Westside Tabernacle Baptist Church

TREASURER

Raymond Celona, CPA S E C R E TA RY

Barbara Silvis FM Global (Retired)

Elizabeth B. Lange, MD Pediatrician Coastal Medical, Inc./Waterman Pediatrics Marisa Quinn Chief of Staff to the Provost Brown University

Kevin Gallagher Office of the Governor Michael DiBiase Department of Administration Elizabeth Roberts John A. Y. Andrews Executive Office of Health and Human Services Maria Montanaro Department of Behavioral Healthcare, Developmental Disabilities and Hospitals Jamia McDonald David Allenson Brian Renzi Department of Children, Youth and Families Nicole Alexander-Scott, MD Samara Viner-Brown Department of Health

Melba Depeña Zulma Garcia Blair Lynch Department of Human Services Honorable Michael Forte (Acting Chief ) Ronald Pagliarini Family Court Ken Wagner Kenneth Gu Elliot Krieger Department of Education Thomas Mongeau Gina Tocco Department of Public Safety Scott Jensen Department of Labor and Training Peter Alviti Jr. Department of Transportation

Table of Contents OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5

FAMILY AND COMMUNITY

Child Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Children in Single-Parent Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Grandparents Caring for Grandchildren . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mother’s Education Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Racial and Ethnic Diversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Racial and Ethnic Disparities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8-9 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-21

ECONOMIC WELL–BEING

Median Family Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cost of Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Homeless Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secure Parental Employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paid Family Leave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Children Receiving Child Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Children in Poverty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Children in Families Receiving Cash Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Children Receiving SNAP Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women and Children Participating in WIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Children Participating in School Breakfast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24-25 26-27 28-29 30-31 32-33 34-35 36-39 40-43 44-45 46-47 48-49

HEALTH

Children’s Health Insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Childhood Immunizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Access to Dental Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Children’s Mental Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Children with Special Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Infants Born at Highest Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Evidence-Based Family Home Visiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women with Delayed Prenatal Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Preterm Births . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Birthweight Infants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Infant Mortality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Breastfeeding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Children with Lead Poisoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Children with Asthma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Housing and Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adolescent Obesity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Births to Teens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alcohol, Drug, and Tobacco Use by Teens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

52-53 54-55 56-57 58-59 60-61 62-63 64-65 66-67 68-69 70-71 72-73 74-75 76-77 78-79 80-81 82-83 84-85 86-87

SAFETY

Child Deaths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Teen Deaths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Youth Violence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gun Violence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Homeless and Runaway Youth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Youth Referred to Family Court . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Youth at the Training School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Children of Incarcerated Parents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Children Witnessing Domestic Violence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Child Abuse and Neglect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Children in Out-of-Home Placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Permanency for Children in DCYF Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

90 91 92-93 94 95 96-97 98-101 102-103 104-105 106-109 110-111 112-113

EDUCATION

Children Enrolled in Early Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Children Enrolled in Early Head Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Licensed Capacity of Early Learning Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Children Receiving Child Care Subsidies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Early Learning Programs Participating in BrightStars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Children Enrolled in Head Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Children Enrolled in State Pre-K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Children Receiving Preschool Special Education Services . . . . . . . . . . . Public School Enrollment and Demographics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Children Enrolled in Full-Day Kindergarten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Out-of-School Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . English Language Learners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K-12 Students Receiving Special Education Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Student Mobility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Third-Grade Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Seventh-Grade Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Math Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Schools Identified for Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chronic Early Absence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chronic Absence, Middle School and High School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Suspensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . High School Graduation Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . College Preparation and Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Teens Not in School and Not Working . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

116-117 118-119 120-121 122-123 124-125 126-127 128-129 130-131 132-133 134-135 136-137 138-139 140-141 142-143 144-145 146-147 148-149 150-151 152-153 154-155 156-157 158-159 160-161 162-163

METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166-185 COMMITTEES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186-187 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188-191

2016 Rhode Island KIDS COUNT Factbook

3

Show Us The Factbook in Action! We’d love to see the Factbook in action:

Where you use it, how you use it, and more. Take a quick picture/screenshot and help us highlight you and your community! Tag us with #RIFactbook on social media, and join the conversation: - Twitter: @RIKidsCount

- Facebook: Rhode Island KIDS COUNT

- Questions? Email [email protected]

Overview

Until I Saw the Sea by Lilian Moore Until I saw the sea I did not know that wind could wrinkle water so. I never knew that sun could splinter a whole sea of blue. Nor did I know before, a sea breathes in and out upon a shore.

4

2016 Rhode Island KIDS COUNT Factbook

Overview

The 2016 Rhode Island Kids Count Factbook is the twenty-second annual profile of the well-being of children in Rhode Island. The annual Factbook is an important tool for planning and action by community leaders, policy makers, advocates, and others working toward changes that will improve the quality of life for all children. The 2016 Rhode Island Kids Count Factbook provides a statistical portrait of the status of Rhode Island’s children and youth. Information is presented for the state of Rhode Island, for each city and town, and for an aggregate of the four cities in which the highest percentages of children are living in poverty. These four core cities are Central Falls, Pawtucket, Providence, and Woonsocket. The Factbook provides communitylevel information on indicators in order to emphasize the significance of the surrounding physical, social, and economic environment in shaping outcomes for children. Communities and neighborhoods do matter – the actions of community leaders, government leaders, elected officials, businesses, faith organizations, and parents greatly influence children’s chances for success and the challenges they will face.

By examining the best available data statewide and in Rhode Island’s 39 cities and towns, Rhode Island KIDS COUNT provides an information base that can result in more effective policy and community action on behalf of children. Tracking changes in selected indicators can help communities to set priorities, identify strategies to reverse negative trends, and monitor progress. The 2016 Rhode Island Kids Count Factbook examines 71 indicators in five areas that affect the lives of children: Family and Community, Economic Well-Being, Health, Safety, and Education. All areas of child well-being are interrelated and critical throughout a child’s development. A child’s safety in his or her family and community affects school performance; a child’s economic security affects his or her health and education. The 2016 Rhode Island Kids Count Factbook reflects these interrelationships and builds a framework to guide policy, programs, and individual services on behalf of children and youth.

Family Economic Security Children most at risk of not achieving their full potential are children in poverty. Rhode Island’s child poverty rate was 20% between 2010 and 2014, during which time there were 43,144 children living in families with incomes below the federal poverty threshold. Many families with incomes above the poverty level also have a difficult time meeting the high costs of housing, utilities, food, child care, and health care. Access to affordable and high-quality early learning opportunities, Pre-K to 12 education, health insurance coverage, housing, and nutrition, along with policies that support working families, are important tools to ensure the economic well-being of Rhode Island families and to improve child outcomes. Child Poverty is Concentrated in Four Core Cities Poverty is linked to every KIDS COUNT indicator. Between 2010 and 2014, nearly twothirds (64%) of Rhode Island's children living in poverty lived in just four cities. These communities (Central Falls, Pawtucket, Providence, and Woonsocket) are the four core cities highlighted throughout the Factbook. Children in poverty live in every community in Rhode Island, but these four communities deserve special attention because they are where child poverty is most concentrated.

Ensuring Educational Attainment for All Children Improving student achievement and high school graduation rates in Rhode Island will require focused leadership to ensure that all young children have access to the high quality early learning experiences, health care, and developmental services needed for school readiness. Schools and community leaders can implement comprehensive, evidence-based strategies from birth through third grade that lead to proficiency in reading and math, maintain high academic standards across the curriculum in all grades, and ensure that all youth graduate from high school with the skills they need to succeed in college and in Rhode Island’s workforce.

2016 Rhode Island KIDS COUNT Factbook

5

from On the Pulse by Maya Angelou

Family and Community

of Morning

Women, children, men, Take it into the palms of your hands. Mold it into the shape of your most Private need. Sculpt it into The image of your most public self. Lift up your hearts Each new hour holds new chances For new beginnings. Do not be wedded forever To fear, yoked eternally To brutishness. The horizon leans forward, Offering you space to place new steps of change. Here, on the pulse of this fine day You may have the courage To look up and out upon me, the Rock, the River, the Tree, your country. No less to Midas than the mendicant. No less to you now than the mastodon then. Here on the pulse of this new day You may have the grace to look up and out And into your sister's eyes, into Your brother's face, your country And say simply Very simply With hope – Good morning.

6

2016 Rhode Island KIDS COUNT Factbook

Child Population

DEFINITION

Child population is the total number of children under age 18 and the percentage change between 2000 and 2010 in the total number of children under age 18. SIGNIFICANCE

According to the American Community Survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau, there were 1,055,173 Rhode Island residents in 2014. Children under age 19 make up 20% of the population. Between 2000 and 2014, Rhode Island’s child population decreased by 14% from 247,822 to 212,555.1,2 Between 2010 and 2014, there were 120,413 households with children under age 18 in Rhode Island, representing almost one-third (29%) of all households.3 Twenty-six percent of Rhode Island children were under age five, 27% were ages five to nine, 29% were ages 10 to 14, and 18% were ages 15 to 17.4 In Rhode Island between 2010 and 2014, 125,687 (58%) children under age 18 lived in married-couple households with their parents, 70,567 (32%) children lived in single-parent households, and 17,299 (8%) children lived with relatives, including grandparents and other relatives. A total of 2,953 (1%) children lived with foster families or other non-relative heads of

8

household. There were 878 (