3D Mineral Map of Australia

3D Mineral Map of Australia Tom Cudahy, Mike Caccetta, Joanne Chia, Ryan Fraser, Klaus Gessner, Maarten Haest, Ian Lau, Carsten Laukamp, Cindy Ong, and Andrew Rodger WA Centre of Excellence for 3D Mineral Mapping CSIRO, Australian Resources Research Centre Kensington, WA, Australia

minerals ….are fundamental to all rocks and soils and is a key parameter to managing a sustainable Earth

Image source: www.mrfs.net 7ISDE, Perth August 2011

Mineralogy valuable for? • Soil characterisation • Productive vertosols (related to smectite clays) • Acid and saline conditions

• Ground cover • Mobile 7ISDE, Perth August 2011

MODIS (simulated) vs HyMap land surface composition mapping, Broken Hill • 150 Gigabytes of airborne HS data collected in 2002 for GSNSW • L1b and L2 products made publicly available but only 1-2 copies downloaded • C3DMM processed to L3 mineral maps in 2009 • together with other C3DMM data, over 60,000 products downloaded http://img135.imageshack.us/i/rfdsduststormri2.jpg/

2002 Broken Hill Block HyMap survey

Byjerkerno

Broken Hill

40 flight lines at 3.5 m pixels

Dust source

Redan 7ISDE, Perth August 2011

HyMap land surface composition mapping, Broken Hill Albedo @ 1650 nm

40 flight-lines 7ISDE, Perth August 2011

Green vegetation content – leaf water @ 940 nm

GIS airborne mineral maps from http://c3dmm.csiro.au

HyMap land surface composition mapping, Broken Hill Albedo @ 1650 nm

cellulose absorption depth @ 2080 nm

GIS airborne mineral maps from http://c3dmm.csiro.au 7ISDE, Perth August 2011

HyMap land surface composition mapping, Broken Hill Water vapour @930 nm

Surface water absorption depth @ 1900 nm

dry

wet Precipitable water GIS airborne mineral maps from http://c3dmm.csiro.au 7ISDE, Perth August 2011

MODIS simulation – dry vegetation (NPV) versus “DRY” bare soils Canonical correlation analysis 30 airborne hyperspectral pixel spectra collected from cellulose rich and cellulose-poor “dry, bare soil” pixels Results show that these “extreme” surface types (pure dry vegetation and bare soil) show weak inverse correlation VNIR wavelengths and weak positive correlation at SWIR wavelength at MODIS spectral resolution

Band Band No. No.

Sample - pixel

inverse correlation

7ISDE, Perth August 2011

no correlation

positive correlation

MODIS simulation – dry vegetation (NPV) versus “WET” bare soils Canonical correlation analysis 30 airborne hyperspectral pixel spectra collected from cellulose rich and cellulose-poor “wet, bare soil” pixels Results show that the relatively “wet, bare soil” pixels show positive correlation at all VNIR-SWIR wavelengths at MODIS spectral resolution.

Band No.

Sample - pixel

inverse correlation


no correlation

positive correlation

HyMap clay mapping, Broken Hill False(cellulose) colour Dry vegetation content

cellulose map Paddock boundary


Rodger and Cudahy (2009). Remote Sensing of Environment 113, 2243-2257

HyMap clay mapping, Broken Hill Apparent kaolin content False colour(exposed soil)

cellulose map



HyMap clay mapping, Broken Hill Kaolin content vegetation unmixed (as if there was zero groundcover) False colour

cellulose map

~10%

~40%

content



Published soils and DEM, Broken Hill ASRIS Soil Map Level 3

DEM

Sodosols “Na-rich”

Tenosols “weakly developed soils”

Chromosols “Hard clay-rich” Cloud shadow effect


HyMap clay mapping, Broken Hill Montmorillonite content

Kaolin content

Potential Vertosols?

~10%

~40%

content

40 flight-lines 7ISDE, Perth August 2011

~10%

~40%

content

ASTER Geoscience map of Australia 6000

ASTER band 4

5000

4000

3000

2000

y = 0.679x + 966.45 R2 = 0.8768

1000

0 0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

Hyperion ASTER-convolved band 4

ASTER scene centre Hyperion scene HyMap surveys (WA) base-map - DEM (GADDS) 7ISDE, Perth August 2011

7000

ASTER Geoscience products • A set of ~15 GIS compatible geoscience maps derived from available ASTER *VNIR-SWIR* data over WA. Products include: • • • • • • •

False colour Green vegetation content CSIRO “regolith” ratios Ferric oxide content Ferrous iron content Opaques AlOH group (clay) content

• • • • • • • •

AlOH group composition Kaolin and “Advanced argillic” Fe-OH group content MgOH/carbonate group MgOH group composition Ferrous iron content in MgOH Ferric iron content in MgOH “Water content” (new)

TIR products (no current independent calibration data): • carbonate content • SiO2 content • quartz index • mafic mineral index (incl. pyroxene, garnet)


http://c3dmm2.ivec.org/gmap.html


WA ASTER Geoscience map – iron oxide content


WA ASTER Geoscience map • Collaborative project with the Geological Survey of Western Australia and supported by the Exploration Incentive Scheme and MDU • Complete 10 year archive over Australia of over 30,000 scenes provided by NASAJPL, ERDAC (Japan) and the USGS • WA ASTER map comprises ~1500 scenes • ~15 products (Version 1) released in the next couple of weeks • Basis for C3DMM’s “Google-zoom” demonstration iron oxide 5 7ISDE, Perth August 2011

40

WA ASTER Geoscience map

Channel iron ore

iron oxide 5 7ISDE, Perth August 2011

40

Airborne hyperspectral mineral maps

Channel iron ore

airborne HS kaolin disorder iron oxide content iron oxide crysallinity


low5

40 high

Published geology, drilling and the 3rd dimension

: RC cores with XRF : RC cores with XRF + HyLogging In collaboration with Murchison Metals 7ISDE, Perth August 2011

Iron oxide content – spectra & XRF

In collaboration with Murchison Metals 7ISDE, Perth August 2011

Clay composition – spectra & XRD

In collaboration with Murchison Metals 7ISDE, Perth August 2011

Oblique view SW

Clay composition characterisation

Well-ordered kaolinite (in-situ or below water table)

Poorly-ordered kaolinite (transported)





Auscope- Grid Discovery Portal http://portal.auscope.org/gmap.html

C3DMM 35 7ISDE, Perth August 2011

Conclusions • New generation of geoscience-tuned systems can provide currently missing information on land surface composition (including mineralogy, dry vegetation and surface soil moisture) • Methods for generating the ASTER geoscience map of Australia can be extended globally • A suite of hyperspectral imaging satellites come on-stream from ~2015 and provide opportunity for accurate mapping and monitoring of the Earth’s land surface composition • C3DMM is building capabilities to delver a 3D mineral map of Australia by 2020


Acknowledgments • • • • • • • • • • • • •

CSIRO Minerals Down Under Geoscience Australia Geological Survey of Western Australia WA Exploration Incentive Scheme WA Department of Commerce Geological Survey of Queensland Geological Survey of Western Australia Murchison Metals Auscope iVEC ERSDAC NASA JPL USGS


Dr Tom Cudahy CSIRO Earth Science and Resource Engineering Director Western Australian CoE for 3D Mineral Mapping Chair International Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing Work Group VIII/5, Energy and Solid Earth Theme Leader 34IGC, Geoscience information from Proximal and Remote Sensing Data

Phone: +61 8 6436 8630 Email: [email protected] Web: http://c3dmm.csiro.au, http://nvcl.csiro.au, www.34igc.org, www.isprs2012.org, http://c3dmm2.ivec.org/gmap.html, http://portal.auscope.org/gmap.html

Thank you Contact Us Phone: 1300 363 400 or +61 3 9545 2176 Email: [email protected] Web: www.csiro.au