3D computer applications (software and hardware) that capture ... Documenting
3D content. Enriching 3D ... Via digital libraries in the web. Europeana has.
3D Digitisation Technologies for Collection Artefacts Dr. Karina Rodriguez-Echavarria Lecturer Cultural Informatics Research Group, University of Brighton
Overview 1.
3D technology introduction and process: Capture Document Use
State of the art developments in 3D technology for cultural heritage 3. Questions and answers 2.
Introduction
3D technology has the potential to enhance the documentation and communication of Cultural Heritage for: Heritage professionals who curate and/or study this material. The public and/or communities of interest.
A custom-built laser scanner scans the face of Michelangelo's David.
Is 3D technology a reality? Long history of the technology within the last 30
years or more. This has been driven commercially by industries such as computer games and cinema. Nowadays, the technology has reached a level where many sectors are starting to experiment with it.
3D Cinema
3D Television
3D Printers
Basic principle of 3D technology 3D computer applications (software and hardware)
that capture, process, and make use of threedimensional representation of real world information
3D information
Depth Information
One eye
Two eyes
Process for using 3D technologies Capture: Acquisition of collections artefacts. 2. Document: Creation of structured information which encodes the contextualising knowledge of the artefacts in ways which: 1.
links to the item and can be searched
3. Use/Present: Development of novel applications that are built on the collections of digital items.
Capturing 3D content Several characteristics need to be taken into account for
acquisition of 3D content as artefacts have: Different shapes and complexities Different sizes Different colours Different surfaces and textures Different sources of related information (metadata)
These diversity creates challenges on the technology for the
acquisition
Documenting 3D content Enriching 3D content with descriptive metadata to
facilitate access/searching.
Europeana view of object repositories
Essential metadata should address questions such as:
What? Where? Who? How?
Using 3D content Potential applications: Presentation Replication Contextualisation (time, space) Geographically locating objects Distributed access
Collaboration Visualizing changes over the past Simulation
Presentation Making 3D objects available to various users. Different Media: Movies, 3D Games, Virtual
Worlds, Web
Dresden Gallery, Second Life
Lost Quarters of St Joris 1565
Replicate Create physical copies of the object.
Copy Original
Reproduction process
Contextualisation Showing 3D objects within their digitally recreated
context: Space Time
Related information (metadata)
Example: Debevec Paul. The Parthenon.
Geographically locating objects Positioning 3D objects and related information in
their location using GIS (Geographical Information Systems).
Sketchup, Google earth
Distributed access Access to information from anywhere/anytime.
Via digital libraries in the web. Europeana has
planned to include 3D content. Few repositories at the time. Example: Aim@shape?
Visualizing changes over the past Present how an object has changed over time until
now. Supports making interpretations of the past and their understanding. Example: museum explaining how a site looked years ago.
Roman Baths, Bath UK
Physical simulation Measuring change in an object and studying what is
lost. Studying how objects change under different conditions in a period of time due to: Weather (climate change), Decay, Pollution
Simulate how the physical properties of the objects
transform it. It can support heritage management decisions.
Developments in 3D technology: 3D-COFORM Integrating Project Tools and Expertise for 3D Collection Formation.
Funded under the European Community's Seventh
Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013). Started in December 2008 (will run for 4 years). Aims to advance the state-of-the-art in 3Ddigitsation and make 3D-documentation an everyday practical choice for digital documentation campaigns in the cultural heritage sector. Official content provider to Europeana.
European Partners Consortium formed by Universities,
Research Institutes, SMEs and cultural heritage institutions. Sector advisory board collaborates to advice on the relevance of the project’s activities to the sector. Participants members include: UNESCO National Museums of Berlin, Germany
Louvre Museum, France CULTNAT, Egypt Polo Museale of Florence, Italy Museum of the Imperial Forums, Italy
Prado National Museum, Spain Victoria and Albert Museum, London
Project Activities Research on all technical aspects of
3D, including capture, processing, metadata and provenance, search, research and dissemination to the public and professionals alike. Research into practical aspects of using the technology in the heritage sector. The creation of a European Virtual Centre of Competence in 3D digitisation.
3D-COFORM user centred approach
Requirements
Testing/ Evaluating
User
Development
3D-COFORM Business Activities Research on workflow processes to support mass-
digitisation in heritage institutions; as well as investigating the potential of user-generated content. Training, testing and deployment experiments using 3D-COFORM tools. Research on methodology for strategy and socioeconomic impact evaluation. IPR issues.
Virtual Competence Centre in 3D This will be established
to promote the role of 3D digital assets within the broader European Digital Library (EDL) context. Functions will include: Providing independent
advice. Acting as a broker in helping organisations in search of those with competences.
Organising and
providing access to a range of tools. Encouraging and enhancing the potential of voluntary usercreated 3D content. Providing suitable training or consultancy services.
3D-COFORM technology
Acquisition Processing Semantics
Raw data (Scans and images)
Searching/Browsing Authoring/Presenting
Processing pipeline
(Recording of provenance data and standardised data exchange)
Repository
3D
Origin
CIDOC-CRM Ontology Process
3D Collection
Acquisition Research Developments towards automatic and user friendly
rapid digitisation (in-hand digitisation) of 3D-shape, based on available laser digitisation technology . Development of Web-based 3D-reconstruction techniques. Emphasis on 3D shape, colour and reflectance properties.
In-Hand Scanner In development by ETHZ
Structured-light scanner for digitization of 3D artefacts
by manipulation of the artefact in front of the scanner. The manipulation may be manual or "robotic" (e.g. turn table).
Multiview Dome In development by University of Bonn
Tool to digitise small artefacts (< 20*20*20 cm) with
complicated surface materials, like reflective or translucent materials (e.g. metals or gems).
Arc 3D Webservice In development by KUL Leuven
Tool
to transform images into 3D models automatically. Only a digital camera, a PC and access to the Internet is required.
images © Maurizio Forte
Mini Dome In development by KUL Leuven.
Tool to digitise small artefacts. This apparatus is a
hemispherical structure, with 264 white power LEDs, under computer control. There is one overhead camera, focused on the center of the dome structure to digitise the artefact.
Conclusions Collections could benefit from
developments in 3D technologies. Good documentation increases the potential use of the digital assets. Research efforts are being made to lower the cost and expertise required to use 3D digitisation as a practical choice in the heritage sector.
Questions?
Part of this presentation includes research which has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n°231809. Acknowledgment to all project partners.
For more information: http://www.3d-coform.eu
