Universiti Malaysia Sabah. Kota Kinabalu. Malaysia. Newati Wid. Faculty of Science and Natural Resources. Universiti Malaysia Sabah. Kota Kinabalu. Malaysia.
Green Energy and Technology
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Nigel Horan Abu Zahrim Yaser Newati Wid •
Editors
Anaerobic Digestion Processes Applications and Effluent Treatment
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Editors Nigel Horan Halifax UK Abu Zahrim Yaser Faculty of Engineering Universiti Malaysia Sabah Kota Kinabalu Malaysia
Newati Wid Faculty of Science and Natural Resources Universiti Malaysia Sabah Kota Kinabalu Malaysia
ISSN 1865-3529 ISSN 1865-3537 (electronic) Green Energy and Technology ISBN 978-981-10-8128-6 ISBN 978-981-10-8129-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8129-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018937333 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. part of Springer Nature The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore
I wish to thank Linda, Kate and Matthew for their many years of tolerating both holiday detours to visit sewage works and guests whose conversations invariably ended up discussing sewage. —Nigel Horan To my mom (Hamidah Khalil), dad (Yaser Malik) and families. Special thanks to my wife (Naimmaton Sa’adiah Mustain) and my children (A’ishah, Anas and Asma) for endless love, support and patience. —Abu Zahrim Yaser This book is dedicated with much love to my husband, Razak, my parents Mama-Baba and The Wids. —Newati Wid
Acknowledgements
The Editors gratefully acknowledge the following individuals for their time and efforts in assisting the Editors with the reviewing of manuscript. This book would not have been possible without the commitment of the Reviewers. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Fadzil Noor Gonawan M. Rafatullah Lari Marcus Japony Mariani Rajin Md. Shafiquzzaman Siddiquee Md. Mizanur Rahman Mohd. Azmier Ahmad Muhd. Nazrul Hisham Zainal Alam Norazwina Zainol Nurmin Bolong Rafidah Hamdan Rahmath Abdulla Rosa Anna Nastro Rovina Kobun Ruwaida Abd. Rasid S. M. Anisuzzaman Wu Ta Yeong Zainul Akmar Zakaria
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Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N. J. Horan Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) Development from Anaerobic Digestion System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Muaz Mohd Zaini Makhtar, Mashitah Mat Don and Husnul Azan Tajarudin
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Sediment Microbial Fuel Cells in Relation to Anaerobic Digestion Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Syed Zaghum Abbas and Mohd Rafatullah
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A Current Review on the Application of Enzymes in Anaerobic Digestion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mariani Rajin
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Process Simulation of Anaerobic Digestion Process for Municipal Solid Waste Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Noorlisa Harun, Wan Hanisah W. Ibrahim, Muhamad Faez Lukman, Muhammad Hafizuddin Mat Yusoff, Nur Fathin Shamirah Daud and Norazwina Zainol Anaerobic Digestion of Screenings for Biogas Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . N. Wid and N. J. Horan
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Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Md. Mizanur Rahman, Yeoh Shir Lee, Fadzlita Mohd Tamiri and Melvin Gan Jet Hong Overview of Biologically Digested Leachate Treatment Using Adsorption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 I. Azreen and A. Y. Zahrim
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Current Progress on Removal of Recalcitrance Coloured Particles from Anaerobically Treated Effluent Using Coagulation–Flocculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 A. Y. Zahrim Effect of Seaweed Physical Condition for Biogas Production in an Anaerobic Digester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 N. Bolong, H. A. Asri, N. M. Ismail and I. Saad Phosphorus Recovery from Anaerobically Digested Liquor of Screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 N. Wid
Editors and Contributors
About the Editors Nigel Horan was a Lecturer in Public Health Engineering at the University of Leeds for 35 years during which time he published five academic textbooks and with over 120 refereed technical papers. In 1998, he established Aqua Enviro Ltd. and was the company Chair until its acquisition in 2015 by Suez Advanced Water Solutions. He specialises in the treatment of wastewaters, particularly using the activated sludge process, and in the subsequent recovery of resources from sludge through anaerobic digestion.
Abu Zahrim Yaser is a Deputy Dean (Research and Innovation) at Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS). He obtained his Ph.D. from Swansea University and has published over 72 refereed technical papers. He is an outstanding reviewer for several Elsevier journals and a guest editor for Environmental Science and Pollution Research (Springer). He is a Visiting Scientist at the University of Hull. He is also a member of Board of Engineers (Malaysia), Institutions of Chemical Engineers (UK) and Malaysian Water Association.
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Editors and Contributors
Newati Wid received her Ph.D. from the University of Leeds (UK) and currently is a Senior Lecturer in Industrial Chemistry, at the Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS). Her research focuses on wastewater treatment and resource recovery from wastes through anaerobic digestion with over 10 refereed technical papers were published. In 2015 and 2016, she won gold medal for her research work on resource recovery at the Research and Invention Competition UMS.
Contributors Syed Zaghum Abbas Division of Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia H. A. Asri Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia I. Azreen Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia N. Bolong Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia Nur Fathin Shamirah Daud Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia Mashitah Mat Don School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Malaysia; Cluster of Solid Waste Management, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Malaysia Noorlisa Harun Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia Melvin Gan Jet Hong Energy Research Unit (ERU), Mechanical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Sabah, Malaysia N. J. Horan School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Aqua Enviro Ltd., Wakefield, UK Wan Hanisah W. Ibrahim Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
Editors and Contributors
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N. M. Ismail Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia Yeoh Shir Lee Energy Research Unit (ERU), Mechanical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Sabah, Malaysia Muhamad Faez Lukman Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia Muaz Mohd Zaini Makhtar School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Malaysia Mohd Rafatullah Division of Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia Md. Mizanur Rahman Energy Research Unit (ERU), Mechanical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia Mariani Rajin Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia I. Saad Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia Husnul Azan Tajarudin Division of Bioprocess, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Malaysia; Cluster of Solid Waste Management, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Malaysia Fadzlita Mohd Tamiri Energy Research Unit (ERU), Mechanical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Sabah, Malaysia N. Wid Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia Muhammad Hafizuddin Mat Yusoff Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia A. Y. Zahrim Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia Norazwina Zainol Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
