5. Leisure Trends - City of Winnipeg

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LEISURE TRENDS

The average Canadian over age 16 enjoys 6.2 hours of leisure time per day. Over the last 10 years the amount of leisure time has remained stagnant for Canadians, with average leisure time only increasing 5 minutes per day between 1992 and 1998. Information used by Statistics Canada is self reported and therefore may contain bias that puts the individual in a better light. Therefore, information on socially desirable activities like reading may be over-reported while undesirable activities like television watching may be under reported. 5.1

Allocation of Free Time

Not surprisingly, age and gender have a relationship with the amount of free time available. On average, Canadian men over age 15 enjoy a half an hour more free time than Canadian women over age 15. Younger Canadians, especially those under 25, have more than average leisure time at 6.6 hours per day. Senior Canadians enjoy the most leisure time at 8.5 hours per day.

Figure 5.1 Allocation of Free Time 1998 Other passive

Movies, Entertainment 3%

leisure 2%

Civic and voluntary activity 6% Reading 6%

Socializing 31%

Sports 8%

Other Active Leisure 8%

Watching TV 36%

Source: Statistics Canada

Between 1992 and 1998, Canadians reduced the amount of leisure time they devote to reading by six minutes per day. Other categories like watching television and active sports have experienced increased time allocations at 1 and 3 minutes per day respectively.

Public Use Facilities Study

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Table 5.1 Average Hours Spent per Day by Activity, Canada, 1992 and 1998 Paid Work Unpaid Work (Housework + Childcare) Education Sleep + Meals + Personal Care

1992 Hrs 3.6 3.2 0.6 10.5

1998 Hrs 3.6 3.2 0.6 10.4

Free Time 6.1 6.2 Civic & Voluntary Activity 0.4 0.4 Socializing 1.8 1.9 Television, reading, other passive leisure 2.8 2.7 Watching TV 2.2 2.2 Reading books, magazines, papers 0.5 0.4 Other Passive Leisure 0.1 0.1 Movies, other entertainment 0.1 0.2 Active Leisure 1.0 1.0 Active sports 0.5 0.5 Other Active leisure 0.5 0.5 Total 24.0 24.0 Source: Statistics Canada General Social Survey, Time Use Cycles, 1992 and 1998

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Difference in Minutes 2.0 0.0 1.0 -0.7 5.0 1.0 5.0 -6.0 1.0 -6.0 -1.0 4.0 1.0 3.0 -1.0

Allocation of Expenditures

Total spending on reading and recreation has increased from 1992 to 1998 in Canada. In 1998, a little over 6% of household expenditures were in recreation or reading. This means that Canadians are spending a larger portion of their budget on recreation and reading than in 1992, when spending was only 5.5% of the household expenditures.


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Table 5.2 Average HH Expenditures in Major Categories, Canada, 1992, 1996-1998 Current Dollars Food Shelter Household Operation Household furnishings & equipment Clothing Transportation Health Care Personal Care Recreation Reading materials & other printed matter Education Tobacco products & Alcohol Miscellaneous Games of chance Other (non-money gifts, gifts of clothing Total current consumption Personal Taxes Personal insurance and pension contributions Gifts of Money & contributions Total expenditure Source: Statistics Canada Family Expenditure Survey 1992, and 1998

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% Change 5,686 5,962 5,708 5,880 3.4 8,102 9,813 9,873 10,092 24.6 1,974 2,268 2,287 2,362 19.7 1,372 1,294 1,336 1,489 8.5 2,222 2,116 2,183 2,201 -0.9 5,640 6,045 6,203 6,363 12.8 867 1,006 1,152 1,191 37.4 844 835 665 693 -17.9 2,300 2,641 2,784 2,947 28.1 248 253 275 276 11.3 430 555 659 679 57.9 1,410 1,148 1,142 1,214 -13.9 1,322 695 796 814 -38.4 … 264 247 249 … … 509 … … … 32,417 35,405 35,308 36,450 12.4 9,378 10,752 10,638 10,965 16.9 2,289 2,600 2,785 2,802 22.4 1,464 1,191 1,240 1,144 -21.9 45,548 49,948 49,971 51,362 12.8 1996 and Survey of Household Expenditures 1997

Arts and Culture Trends

Arts and culture form an important part of leisure time. Those with the most leisure time, like retirees with 8.5 hours per day, should exhibit a higher involvement in cultural activities. As the Canadian population ages, arts and culture activities will experience increased participation. People allocate more time to culture-related activities than socializing (31%), playing sports (8%), and volunteering (6%). Statistics Canada provides statistics on over 35 different culture related activities. The definition of culture for the data considers “seven major functional elements including creation, production, preservation, manufacturing, distribution, support services and consumption. Consumption, which encompasses both active and passive participation, was deemed as one of the essential elements.” Culture data is collected once every six years. Participation in Culture –Related Activities

Canadians participate in a wide variety of culture-related activities. The most common culturerelated activity is reading the newspaper, but listening to music, reading books, and seeing movies also have over 50% of the Canadian population participating at least once per year.


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Table 5.3 Participation in Culture Activities by Canadians Age 15 and Over, 1998 Read newspaper Listen to pre-recorded music Watch video on VCR Read magazine Read book Go to movie Visit conservation area or nature park Attend professional concert or performance Visit historical site Visit zoo, aquarium, botanical garden Visit museum or art gallery Use Internet Do crafts Borrow library materials Attend festival Visit public art gallery/ art museum Attend Theatrical performance Play a musical instrument Attend Other popular stage Attend Cultural/ heritage performance Visit science or natural history museum Do Visual arts Visit general, human history or community museum Visit commercial art gallery Do artistic photography Sin in a Choir or solo Attend symphonic/classical music Attend dance performance Dance/Choreography Acting/theatrical activity Source: Statistics Canada, General Social Survey, 1998

Number (000s) 19,851 18,625 17,690 17,264 14,881 14,340 10,904 8,391 7,863 7,820 7,210 7,171 7,108 6,036 5,493 5,364 4,839 4,150 3,778 3,349 3,128 2,809 2,637 2,057 2,036 1,991 1,997 1,658 1,337 815

Rate (%) 81.8 76.8 72.9 71.2 61.3 59.1 44.9 34.6 32.4 32.2 29.7 29.6 29.3 24.9 22.6 22.1 19.9 17.1 15.6 13.8 12.9 11.6 10.9 8.5 8.4 8.2 8.2 6.8 5.5 3.4

Canadians spend 36% of their free time, 2.2 hours per day, watching television, which makes it the culture-related activity to which Canadians devote the most time. On average, Canadians spend 24 minutes per day reading the newspaper and half an hour to other forms of leisure. Statistics Canada breaks down participation rates by province, providing invaluable information on the interests of Manitobans. In addition, breaking down the information by province may indicate which activities are not easily accessible to people in the province. Manitobans and Albertans have the highest participation rates for zoos, botanical gardens, and planetariums. In addition, Manitobans exhibit high participation rates for cultural and heritage performances. Other activities for which Manitoba has relatively high participation in comparison to Canada as a whole include doing crafts, playing musical instruments, acting, visiting human history museums, and visiting community museums. In contrast, Manitobans exhibit lower than average participation in activities like visual arts, art museum visits, art gallery visits, and magazine reading.


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Table 5.4 Participation Rates in Various Culture Activities, Canada and the Provinces, 1998 Canada 82 71 61 26 25 59 73 77 30 35

NF 87 72 64 20 15 46 79 82 27 24

Read a newspaper Read a magazine Read a book Use library services Borrow Library materials Go to a movie Watch a video on VCR Listen to cassettes, records, CDs Use internet Attend a Professional Concert or Performance Theatrical Performance 20 12 Popular Musical 20 16 Symphonic, classical music 8 4 Choral music 7 5 Dance 7 5 Children's performance 7 6 Festival 23 16 Cultural/ heritage performance 14 14 Other popular stage performance 16 14 Visit a Museum or Art Gallery 30 21 Public Art Gallery, Art Museum 22 13 Commercial Art Gallery 9 5 Science or Natural History Museum 13 9 General, Human History, or 11 10 Community museum Visit a Historical Site 32 45 Visit a Zoo, aquarium, garden, 32 23 planetarium Do any visual arts 12 8 Do any crafts 29 38 Play a musical instrument 17 16 Sing in a Choir or solo 8 14 Dance or Choreography 6 12 Acting or theatrical activity 3 Write Poetry, short stories, etc 10 10 Do artistic photography 8 5 Source: Statistics Canada, General Social Survey, 1998

PEI 90 76 64 23 21 58 74 76 27 35

NS 88 81 66 26 22 62 77 79 28 28

NB 84 71 59 20 17 51 77 79 28 23

PQ 82 72 59 24 22 61 69 80 24 38

ON 80 70 61 28 25 60 73 75 32 35

MB 80 64 60 24 22 54 73 75 28 28

SK 82 73 58 26 24 52 72 72 22 24

AB 84 75 62 27 24 62 78 78 30 35

BC 82 70 66 38 35 57 72 75 36 35

23 21 6 10 9 10 20 13 20 24 13 5 10 10

14 17 6 7 6 6 32 14 15 36 21 6 18 17

11 15 4 7 7 7 20 13 17 22 16 6 9 9

19 22 11 9 7 9 32 13 20 29 20 13 11 13

22 20 7 5 6 6 19 14 15 29 23 6 13 9

15 16 7 5 8 5 18 19 16 26 16 4 13 14

12 15 4 4 6 5 18 12 14 30 21 5 13 11

20 21 8 5 8 5 21 15 14 30 23 6 13 11

23 19 11 8 8 8 17 11 11 36 29 13 16 12

35 14

49 32

36 25

31 34

31 31

30 39

28 22

34 39

33 33

10 35 17 14 11

15 39 19 15 12 4 12 9

10 35 17 13 12 4 10 11

11 20 16 8 4 3 8 5

12 32 17 7 6 3 10 9

9 32 19 10 5 5 9 8

11 35 17 7 6 3 8 7

12 32 18 8 5 4 10 8

12 30 17 9 4 4 9 13

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Similar statistical information on cultural participation is available for U.S. adults from the National Endowment for the Arts. The chart below shows trends from 1982 through 2002 in arts participation. Looking at culture trends over time shows what types of facilities the city may need over the next twenty years. Notably, Jazz listening is the only activity that exhibited increased participation as a percentage of population over the past twenty years. Absolute attendance for activities like classical music, opera, musical plays, non-musical plays, and historical sites has risen over the past twenty years. This means that existing performance space must be examined to see if it can withstand continued increases in participation. Absolute attendance has fallen for activities like ballet and other dance. Many of the activities can use similar performance space, meaning that growth areas like jazz and plays can take over times once occupied by dance troupes.


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Table 5.5 U.S. Adults Participating in the Arts at least Once in Past 12 Months Percent of Adults Attending/Visiting/Reading 1982 1992 2002

Millions of Adults Attending/Visiting/Reading 1982 1992 2002

Music Jazz Classical Music Opera

9.6 13.0 3

10.6 12.5 3.3

10.8 11.6 3.2

15.7 21.3 4.5

19.7 23.2 6.1

22.2 23.8 6.6

Plays Musical Plays Non-Musical Plays

18.6 11.9

17.4 13.5

17.1 12.3

30.5 19.5

32.3 25.1

35.1 25.2

4.2

4.7 7.1

3.9 6.3

6.9

8.7 13.2

8.0 12.1

22.1 39

26.7 40.7

26.5 33.4

36.2 63.9

49.6 75.6

54.3 68.4

37

34.5

31.6

60.6

64.1

64.7

Literature Plays/poetry/novels/stories 56.9 54.0 46.3 93.3 100.3 Source: National Endowment of the Arts, 2002 Survey of Public Participation in the Arts

95.3

Dance Ballet Other Dance Visual Arts Art Museums/ Galleries Art/craft fairs and festivals Historic Sites Parks/historic buildings

The following information identifies trends in creating or performing arts over the past 20 years. Each activity has experienced a reduced percentage of the population performing or creating art except music composition. The absolute number of people involved in creating or performing art has also fallen except for composing music and writing poetry, novels, plays, and short stories.


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Table 5.6 U.S. Adults Performing or Creating Art at least Once in Past 12 Months Percent of Adults Personally Performing or Creating

Millions of Adults Personally Performing or Creating 1992 2002

1992

2002

Music Jazz Classical Music Opera Choir/Chorale Composing Music

1.7 4.2 1.1 6.3 2.1

1.3 1.8 .7 4.8 2.3

3.2 7.8 2.0 11.7 3.9

2.7 3.7 1.4 9.8 4.7

Plays Musical Plays Non-Musical Plays

3.8 1.6

2.4 1.4

7.1 3.0

4.9 2.9

Dance Ballet Other Dance

0.2 8.1

0.3 4.2

04 15.0

0.6 8.6

Visual Arts Painting Drawing Pottery Jewellery Weaving Sewing Photography Own Original Art

9.6 8.4 24.8 11.6 22.1

8.6 6.9 16.0 11.5 19.3

17.8 15.6 46.1 21.6 41.1

17.6 14.1 32.7 23.5 39.5

Literature Plays/poetry/short stories 7.4 7.0 13.7 Source: National Endowment for the Arts, 2002 Survey of Public Participation in the Arts

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Age and Participation in Arts and Culture

As the North American population ages, the demographics of arts attendance will reflect the upward age shift. For each category in the National Endowment of the Arts, a median age increase of 2 to 5 years was found. Similar shifts should be seen in Canadian arts audiences. Classical music had the oldest median arts attendance at 49 years old in 2002. Jazz has the lowest median age arts attendance at 43 years old in 2002. This indicates that unless classical music performances make a comeback with younger age groups, fewer performances will be demanded over the next few years. The younger jazz audience will be attending performances for many years to come, which will lead to steady or increased demand for jazz appropriate venues.


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Table 5.7 Median Age of U.S. Arts Attendees, 1992 and 2002 Category

Median Age in 1992

Median Age in 2002

Change 1992-2002 SPPA respondents 42 45 +3 Jazz 37 43 +6 Classical Music 45 49 +4 Opera 45 48 +3 Musicals 43 45 +2 Plays 44 46 +2 Ballet 40 44 +4 Art Museums 40 45 +5 Source: National Endowment for the Arts, 1992 and 2002 Survey of Public Participation in the Art

Table 5.8 2002 U.S. Arts Attendance Rates by Age Group Arts/ Adult Read Classical Other Art Historic Age Opera Musical Plays Ballet Crafts Population Jazz Literature Music Dance Museum Park Fairs in Millions All Adults 205.9 10.8% 11.6% 3.2% 17.1% 12.3% 3.9% 6.3% 26.5% 31.6% 33.4% 46.7% 18-24 26.8 10.5 7.8 2.0 14.8 11.4 2.6 6.2 23.7 28.3 29.2 42.8 25-34 36.9 10.8 9.0 3.0 15.4 10.7 3.5 5.9 26.7 33.3 33.5 47.7 35-44 44.2 13.0 10.7 2.8 19.1 13.0 4.9 7.0 27.4 35.8 37.2 46.6 45-54 39.0 13.9 15.2 4.0 19.3 15.2 5.1 8.0 32.9 38.0 38.8 51.6 55-64 25.9 8.8 15.6 4.2 19.7 13.8 3.3 6.0 27.8 31.6 35.1 48.9 65-74 17.6 7.6 12.5 4.0 16.6 13 3.3 5.4 23.4 24.2 31.1 45.3 75+ 15.5 3.9 9.5 1.8 10.1 5.4 2.2 3.0 13.4 12.8 15.7 36.7 Source: National Endowment in the Arts, 2002 Survey of Public Participation in the Arts

Arts and Culture Expenditures:

From 1992 to 1998, Canada’s average expenditure per household on selected culture event and activities increased by 24%. Not all of the categories experienced increased spending. For instance, works of art, carving and vases experienced a 27% decrease in spending over the same period. The largest positive change in expenditure was for antiques, movie admissions, books, photographers, and cable television.


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Table 5.9 Avg. Family Expenditure on Culture Activities, Canada 1992 - 1998 (Current Dollars) Average Expenditure per household $

Works of Art, carvings and vases Antiques Live Performing arts Newspapers Magazines Books (excluding school books) Maps, sheet music, & other printed material Textbooks Movie Admissions CDs, tapes, videos and video discs Rental of videos Film and Processing Photographers' and other Photographic services Rental of cable vision and satellite services Admissions to Museums and other activities Library Services

% Change

Total Expenditure on Culture (millions)

1992 64 8 51 100 66 68 7 60 48 122 80 82 19

1996 65 8 61 109 51 76 6 67 58 146 92 70 25

1997 32 8 69 112 63 81 7 74 73 121 95 77 26

1998 47 15 66 108 65 85 7 78 77 125 102 76 26

-27 88 29 8 -2 25 0 30 60 2 28 -7 37

1992 731 91 582 1142 754 776 80 685 548 1393 913 936 217

1996 818 101 768 1372 642 957 76 843 730 1838 1158 881 315

1997 417 104 899 1460 821 1056 91 965 952 1577 1238 1004 339

1998 620 198 871 1425 857 1121 92 1029 1016 1649 1346 1003 343

186 22 8 991

260 17 10 1121

281 31 11 1161

307 32 10 1226

65 45 25 24

2124 3273 3663 4050 251 214 404 422 91 126 143 132 11314 14110 15134 16174

Total Cultural Events and Activities 36,169 38,322 39,313 40,397 12 Total Expenditure for FAMEX Sources: Statistics Canada, Survey of Family Expenditures (FAMEX) 1992 and 1996, Survey of Household Spending 1997, 1998.

Reasons for Non- Participation

An individual considers several factors when deciding whether to participate in a culture related activity according to Statistics Canada’s Culture Statistics Program. First, the activity must be available and relatively accessible. In many areas, culture activities like opera are simply unavailable to Canadians. In other cases the culture activity may be available, but inaccessible to many because of prohibitive prices or lack of necessary knowledge to enjoy the culture activity. Canadians may not participate for a combination of factors including lack of opportunity, inaccessibility, lack of time, and economic restrictions.


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