A. Basic Sleep Science VI. Learning, Memory, Cognition

A. Basic Sleep Science

VI. Learning, Memory, Cognition

0241

Methods: Healthy older (55–80 yrs) adults viewed a mixture of negative and neutral pictures. During a three-hour delay, participants either napped (Nap group) or participated in restful wake activities (Wake group). Afterwards, participants underwent a picture recognition task. Emotional reactivity associated with picture viewing was measured during both sessions using valence and arousal scales, skin conductance response, heart rate deceleration, and corrugator supercilii electromyography. Results:  Contrary to what was observed in young adults using this procedure (presented in Jones et al. abstract), preliminary data in older adults suggest no benefit of sleep on negative memories (Nap: M=0.772, SD=0.164; Wake: M=0.868, SD=0.078) and no preservation of valence ratings in the nap group compared to the wake group (Nap: M=0.147, SD=0.087; Wake: M=0.261, SD=0.354). However, there is evidence for the preservation of skin conductance response (Nap: M=0.020, SD=0.231; Wake: M=-0.127, SD=0.192) and heart rate deceleration response (Nap: M=3.167, SD=9.879; Wake: M=-4.087, SD=8.633) in older adults. Conclusion:  These initial results suggest that some but not all aspects of emotional reactivity associated with negative memories may be preserved by sleep in older adults. Sleep-dependent consolidation of negative memory contents may decline with age. Support (If Any):  This work was funded by NIH R01 AG040133 (PI: Spencer).

2B-ALERT APP AND WEB: TOOLS FOR MEASURING, PREDICTING, AND OPTIMIZING NEUROBEHAVIORAL PERFORMANCE AT INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP-AVERAGE LEVELS Ramakrishnan S1, Liu J1, Khitrov MY1, Kumar K1, Tountas NA1, Wesensten NJ2, Balkin TJ3, Reifman J1 1 BHSAI/USAMRMC, Frederick, MD, 2ATO/FAA, Washington, DC, 3 Behavioral Biology Branch/WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD Introduction: To date, no validated, computer-based tools exist to measure, predict, and optimize neurobehavioral performance due to sleep loss at both individual and group-average levels, while also accounting for the effects of caffeine. We addressed this gap by developing and validating a predictive mathematical model of performance [the unified model of performance (UMP)], and instantiating it into two tools: 1) 2B-Alert App, a smartphone application for real-time, individualized performance prediction and 2) 2B-Alert Web, a Webbased software for designing sleep/wake and caffeine schedules to optimize group-average performance. Methods: We developed and validated the UMP on psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) performance data from 14 different studies (in laboratory and field conditions), encompassing >500 subjects and including a wide range of sleep/wake schedules and caffeine doses. We then developed and validated an automated method to customize the UMP to an individual’s sleep-loss phenotype based on the individual’s PVT measurements. Finally, we embedded these capabilities into a smartphone app (Android and iPhone) and a Web tool, which allow users to enter sleep/wake schedules and caffeine consumption (doses and times), and obtain individual-specific or group-average performance predictions. Results:  The UMP predicted group-average PVT performance across 26 different sleep/wake schedules (from partial to total sleep loss) and 6 different caffeine doses (ranging from repeated 200 mg doses to single 600 mg dose) with errors ranging from 6% to 36%. Accounting for the effects of caffeine in the model improved prediction accuracy by up to 70%. Individualized UMP models improved prediction accuracy by up to 50% compared to a group-average model. The Web tool is freely available at: , and the 2B-Alert App is expected to be available by summer of 2017. Conclusion: The 2B-Alert App and Web provide practical means for personal fatigue management and for optimizing work/rest schedules. Support (If Any):  Disclaimer: The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the U.S. Army or of the U.S. Department of Defense. This abstract has been approved for public release with unlimited distribution.

0243 CORTICOTROPIN RELEASING FACTOR IN THE AMYGDALA REGULATES INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN REM RESPONSES TO STRESS Williams BL, Fitzpatrick ME, Sutton AM, Wellman LL, Sanford LD Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA Introduction: Fear conditioning associated with inescapable shock training (ST) and fearful context re-exposure (CTX) alone can produce significant fear indicated by increased freezing, a stress response, and alterations in subsequent REM sleep. These alterations may vary amongst animals and are mediated by the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA). Here we assessed the effect of the CRF receptor antagonist, antalarmin (ANT), on fear-conditioned changes in sleep in REM vulnerable (Vul) and REM resilient (Res) rats. Methods: Rats were surgically implanted with electrodes for recording EEG and EMG for recording sleep and with bilateral guide cannulae directed at BLA. Sleep was recorded for baseline, after ST (20 footshocks, 0.8mA, 0.5s duration, 60s interstimulus interval), and after CTX. The rats received microinjections of ANT (4.82mM, 0.5μL) or vehicle alone immediately after ST. The rats were separated into 4 groups: Veh-vulnerable (Veh-Vul; n=10), Veh-resilient (Veh-Res; n=13), ANT-vulnerable (ANT-Vul; n=10), and ANT-resilient (ANT-Res; n=8) based on whether, compared to baseline, the rats showed a decrease or no decrease in REM during the first 4 h following ST. Sleep was compared across groups for baseline, ST and CTX. Results: ANT in BLA did not prevent post-ST reductions in REM; however, it attenuated the reduction in REM on the CTX day in the ANT-Vul group. The Veh-Vul animals showed reduced REM on both ST and CTX days whereas the Veh-Res and ANT-Res groups showed similar levels of REM for baseline and the ST and CTX days. NREM did not significantly differ across groups. Conclusion: Individual differences in REM responses to stress are regulated by BLA and involve the CRF system. These differences in REM may be important in mediating adaptive and non-adaptive outcomes of stress. Support (If Any): MH64827.

0242 THE EFFECT OF SLEEP ON EMOTIONAL REACTIVITY AND NEGATIVE MEMORY IN OLDER ADULTS Corona FE, Jones BJ, Spencer RM University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA Introduction:  Evidence suggests that in older adults, positive emotional memories are prioritized in order to enhance emotional well-being. Previous studies have demonstrated that sleep enhances negative emotional memories and preserves aspects of emotional reactivity associated with negative memories in young adults. Given that older adults prioritize positive memories, sleep may not preserve memory and reactivity for negative memories in this age group. Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate the influence of sleep on negative memories and emotional reactivity in older adults. A89

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SLEEP, Volume 40, Abstract Supplement, 2017