more to the list of Urdu. Grammars, for,if the book itself does not justifyits
publication,no excuse will avail me. Urdu or. Hindustani. Grammar has been de-
vloped.
B!
S A ME A U TH O R
THE
.
C ro w n 8 vo , cl o t h, pr ice 2 3 6 d
.
.
H I N D U S TA N i
i
A S er es
of
Pa ssa ges
E XE R CI S E S
xt t
ad a
an d
E
n o
Hin d ii s tan i
it
ra c s
d t p
-
S
SA FA
Tran sl a
t
,
ed
f or Tra nsla
ti
on
.
Cro w n 8 vo, cl o t h , pri ce 78
I K HW KN U
e
.
on
.
B R O THER S
f rom th e H i nd ii stani
OF
P U R I T!
.
,
’
I t h a s b e en th e tra n sla to r s obj ect to a d h er e a s cl os ely a s po s si bl e to th e ori g i n a l te xt w h i l e r en d e ri n g th e E n h sh s m oo th a n d i n te lli g i ble to ” t h e rea d e r , a n d i n th i s d es ig n h e h a s ee n th rou g h ou t s ucce ss f ul éa turd a y R evz ew .
‘
.
GR A M MA R OF
TH E
ER
fi
D
HI NDUSTANI L AN GUA GE
.
N
JO H
T RO
LA E P
F ES S O
D OW SO
R
O F HI N D
N
,
O S TZ N L
S
QI birD QED i ti o n
T
AFF
CO L L E G E.
.
L ON D ON
R E G A N P A U L , TR E N CH, TR U B N ER D
R
! D E N HO U S E , G E R R A R D S TR EET, W
1 90 8 (A l l
.
r ig h ts res erved
]
CO .
L B I
.
Pn n te d b y B A L L A N
T
! N E,
HA
A t t h e B al l a nt yne Pres s ,
N ON S
Gr‘ 0 0
.
TA B L E O F
CO N TE N TS
R
P E F A CE TE E A L PH A B ET P ronu n cmti on A lph a b e i cal o a on E e rc s e i n R ea d n g
x i
I
TH E A R T CL E THE OU N G en d er D e cl ens mn I z af a TH E A D JECT V E D e clen s on
N
t
N
t ti i
or
.
t
I
Co mp ar PE O N OU N S
.
i i
son
P erson al D emon s ra v e R e sp e c f u l R efl e x v e P os se ss v e R el ati v e an d Correl a I n erro g a v e I n d efi n e Pa r ve Compoun d
t ti .
t i i
t
titi
it
ti
ti
ve
.
VL R B S u b s an v e a n d A u l a ry o rm a on o f Conj u g a on of eu e r V e rb s A c v e V erb s I rre g ul ars
F
t ti ti ti
ii
A dd t
xi i N t ti H and
l Tenses
ona
2 0 0 46 7 0
.
CON N TE
vi
TS
.
PAG 8
V a ns {conti n ued} P as s v e V erb 0 1 m a on of A cti x es
i
F
ti
In
Cau sal s
an d
t i
en s v es
Compl eti v es Con n u a v es D es d er a i v e s
Fr
ti ti i t t ti q pti mi i q i iti it ti
e
u en a
v es
v es I nce P er ss v es A c u s v es R e era v es
o
s n as
l n s r o sn rou s C N JU N T I N S I N E R JE T I N S N U ME A L S C ard n al O rdi n al A g g re g a ’
O
T
R
C O C O
i
'
Fr
ti m l bi i
ac
.
t
e
on al
R a ca A ra c P ers an
D a m VA TI
ON
N
ou n s o f
A g en cy
D imin u ti v es
ti ti
A dje c
N
eg a
F
ii
em n n e
v es
ve
P refi x e s
S! O rd er of W ord s A r cl e CA S E S or TH E
ti
NOU N
.
NTA X
.
E
CO N T N TS
.
vfi
P A GI
CA S ES
N O U N {con tm ued }
TH E
OF
A ccu s a
D a ti v e
A b la
ti ti ti
ti
ve
ve
L o ca V oca
ve ve
P ers on al R espec f ul R eflex v e P os s es s v e R e l a v e an d Correl a I n terrog a v e I n d efi n e
t i i
ti
V E nnS
it
ti
ti
ve
t ti A ti N t I fi iti d V bl N F t R p tf l F m I d fi it tT P I mp f t T d Pl p f P t P f t l T A d di ti t d P t P ti ipl P ti P ti ipl C j b i l P ti ipl Ad N f Ag y P i S ub s
ve
an
ve
c
e u er
v e an
n
n
er
a
oun
u u re
es
n
ec
u
n
e
e
or
en se
r esen
en s e
er e c
as
s
er e c
,
on a
as
ve
on un c
a
e1 ect
u
en s es
an
re s en
v er
an
ar
ar
ar
c
c
c
es
e
e
en c
ou n o
as s v e
Ca u sal Com pou n d s om n a l s P o e n al s an d Com pl e
N F
i
t ti
re
t ti
u en a
q I ncep
ti
v es,
v es an
ti d D id ti v as
es
P erm1 s sives,
era
e tc
.
v es
CO N N TE
R O ITI R TI O I IO M
P EP S A D VE BS CO N ) U N C
TS
.
ON S
.
D
N S
ti
R e l a ve an d Corre l a tl ve ega v e Th e R e p etI ti on O f W ord s V ei b s— lclz d na , u tk u nd an d
ti
N
Ma w oi ma
le tn a A PPE
R
T
I N A G A I A L P HA B E DS IN I I A AB C W H N G I I I S H l K A S TA W I V TH E CA L E N D A .
.
R I
OR RITI R
.
.
I
N D US
D I R E CTI O N S Pl a
t
7,
e
1 to f a ce 2 7,
ND I X T
A N
.
I
PL A TE S
.
Pa g e
c
7 7
c
x -
,3
w w
N
H
o
m q o
o
H
N
H
“
P R EF A CE
I
O FF
th e l i s t
d
o
ER
O rd ii
po l o g y
j
us ti f
y
S
h
th eir
t h e l ab
o
G ramm ar
h v lo e
a
h
o p Of
Of
oo k i t lf xc W ill
Of
u se
to
a s
,
o
e a ch
n ew
l ear n in g i t
F o rb es Pr
,
es s r
in
ook
a d mi ts
a
.
c
er e d
an
e
h is
h ow r
l e a rn ers
an d
i ts d efi ci en ci e s
Th e
.
M o n i er W ill ia m s m a d e ;
n
h as lig h ten e d E x cel len t as i s th e
o
ov of o dv c
Ar
an d
b th tea h ers
d i sc
a te s ,
G ra m m ar h as t
th e lan g u ag e ,
n
rea t s tep
f u lly
e
se
f r m S h ak espea r to !
,
s i n ce
ng
G ram m a r g b
u
ur
n, n o
to
re
.
F o rb es
l ig h t
n ew
o
y stem b y E n g lish m en su perv i s i o n F ro m G il ch ri st to
a k e sp ear , a n d
n ot, an d
m
on e
Hin d ii stfi n i G ra mm ar h a s b een d e
or
u n d er
o
i ts pu bl icati
v e lop e d an d re d u ce d or
a d d in g
f or
U r d fi G rammars, f or , if th e b
Of
n ot
es
a
no
.
an d
th e
oblig ti o a
v
ns
au t
ho
r
of
a
h
t is
to i t, f or t h e
c
i s g i en h i m as a t ea h er, an d f or th e t h a p a s s i sta n ce i t h a s a ff rd ed i n t h e r e ara i o f t n p p el
th i s w
is
p
SO
is
o
k
r
ri n te d u nfi
.
B ut P r en ti rel
o of o
es s r
y in
tte d f or th e
o
W i lli a m s
o
th e R man
u se of
c
y o un g
’
s
h O ffi
G ramm ar
ara cter, a n d
cial s
wh o
P R EF A CE
X
h v t ch ct a
e
re a d
er
w i ch th e
ara
h
l ab
o
o
og h v ob a
e
e mb
o
p
In
.
o
o
a n d cl ass ifi
ti
o
a
o
ha
er t
v
n
b ei n g , p e r ” s el f e vi d en t as
-
.
a
i l ed m y s el f
f e w in stan
o
p
b een
c
es
I ha
w h o h a ve g
se
.
t he re
o
o
m e,
re
o
th e w a y of a d d iti n th e d raw i n g of d i s tin o .
in
v
e
a ss e d
as
r
e n
a
e v en tu re d
b ef
ne
b een
ov
n
o ti p
es
sa
a
w
h
ch
e d , or
l i a p n thi s la st
e
s i d e ra ti n
v
hi
“
s,
o
ce d
er cei
er u n
h ps Fo b y I h v ot ll o w d ,
v
n e I I]
nd a ,
a
of
I f ul l y
an d
,
p lo y
h
t i ngs h a
e
v
a
em s e lve s e m
t h i b u t t ei r ru l e s I w ; resu l ts of m y ow n s tu d y an d
h
Ma n y
ns .
h ith
c ti o
e
h
ns
h a s b een d
re
t
es
o
a
o
v
re d e ces s rs
th e
ed
to d iff er f r m th
bu t m
a
a
o di
serv a ti n
h v
k I
Obl ig ti o
my
n iz e
c
n a ti
r
my
of
ur s
an d
h
I n t is w
th e l a n g u a g e i n th e
w ri te
o
.
an d
con
“
to w e ig h w ith m e ; w a t i s l i a p n a n d s elf e i d en t to on e s tu d en t m ay n ot b e s o to a n t er ; a n d i t i s ard l c m eten t f or on e w h o
v
-
oh ow
kn
v po
s
SO
a re e
h
er
re
o
d etermin e wh at p i n ts an d m an if es t t a t n o s tu d en t w i ll
th e l a n g ua g e to cl ear
o
q u i re
ss ibl e
to
s m al l e s t as
y o p
h
h m f ct G
to be t l d t
p od r
u ce
m a tters sh
a
o
e
.
r e e p
u ld
I t m ay b e i m ra m mar ; b u t th e
b e in clu d e d i n i t,
as
w ell
th e g rea test
.
I n d ea l in g w ith th e of
ho wi
n
e
v y er
g m ed i al , an d fi n a l f th e
s
ol d
al
ph
l etter i n i ts
o
rm s
l a n h a s b ee n p
re
se
h a s b een
v
F o r b es s
ab et,
erte d
’
to
p
a ra te
set
Of
,
l an p i n itia l ,
asi d e , an d
v
g i in g
o ly n
PR
E F A CE
xi
.
F o rb es s p lan h a d its a dv an ta g es b u t i t i s re all y u nn e c essary an d i t g i v e s th eal ph ab et a v ery f o rm i d ab l e appearan c e w h i ch h a s O f ten ex ercis ed a v ery d i sco ura g in g i nflu en ce “ Th ere a re th i rty fi ve l etters u po n b eg in n e rs F o ur an d ea ch l e tte r h a s f o ur d i s ti n c t f o rms t im es t h i rty fi ve are a h un d re d an d f o rty ! w h at th e
l etters
s epara te
’
.
,
,
,
-
,
,
.
-
ok! th is v i
w
”
r
etc
.
.
an d
ew ,
to
f a r l e ss th an i t a rd
th e
e n d ea
ti
o
vo
n of
u red
th e w a
al
ys
ph
o
u
led g e
th e
“
f or
a
a
j
v
e
l ana p n tra cte d
ex
o
ca r ef u l s tu d
y
o
erv a ti n s
R ea d in g E x erci s e
p
in
an a d e
a ra
g
ra
ph
q u ate k n o w
.
g
c
e
s till
ra m m ars
an
e
n
o
d iff ers bu t l ittl e f r m t
; w h i ch h a
v
it
h
at
h
a t of
o lv
e a d d iti n s
th em s e
es
th e g rea tes t
Th is part O f th e s ub d eal t w ith m re sys te ma ti cally , an d .
o
re d u ce d
l ustra ted b y
om
en d ed
I t i s i n th e S yn ta x t
.
h a s b e en
h a s b e en
o co mm
c n ta in s s
e re
d ifferences w ill b e f o u n d cet
A
ed
in para d ilig en t a n d rep eated
th e
v
h gs d o pti o
and c
o Ob s
n a ti n .
p
I ha
.
h
h t t o i e h e l earn er t g g of th e ch ara cter
rm er
y o u th
at
wa s
S till it h a s d am
t i s b y a b ri ef wh i ch l etters a re c
by
omb
y
a te
o mbi
c
th at th e d iffi cul t
w illin g
a
ab et an d of
Th e A cci d en
o
c
o o
l o f a eru s p
f
in
6 , f ll w e d
a r h g p
2 2,
ob v i
to
o
th e
ho w
m an y
of
ur
S
h a d to
en
s eem e d .
m d i fi e d f or
and of
o
oft
I h av e
e tc ,
v io ar
to
S
ho
rt
d i s tin ct
u s e x a m l es p
.
r u l es
f ul l y i 1
I t ma y b e th
o
u
h t g
xii t
h
p
th e
at
sa r
EF A CE
PR
y;
an d
to
om
h p
b a bl y ap
t
en
th e m em
h
oy r
e
a
a t n ow on e , a
b e S O y
oy
o
n eces
B u t th e
.
w il l h el
ns
p
i i t l r o l w , p a n d n ow a n t er , w ill an d
r
oh
pp h re
o
o
en s i n , a n d
l ay h l d
c
o
n d e d f or i n ra s s e ur t c t i a l e p p p , g u re d to m ak e th e r ul e s a l i cab l e
e n
r
s th an
.
o kb i d vo
Th e w
h ym
th e m em
n
i ts elf to th e
a d d re ss
o
re n u m er u
m in d s t
e
po
ru l e u
t o fi x th e
h v
s
o
th ese d iff er en t ill u s trati
eru s al o f
of
m
ex am pl es a re
.
pp h co m p l t in th m l v t h p t f p t d t m y d i ly fi d w h t v t h t th h i vo l v d om p ti tio m y k T h is h Tx f th G i ti v F i t th c l i ty A dj ti v m i d h v th o A dj c ti v : th l co d pp li c bl t th G iti v f th N o pp ly l o i th m i t i th G i ti v f th P o o h y m h h t t t ; g fo h v b d l t w i th t o g th B t i t d f g li i g po d p oc d i g th o y p t bl t p h il ol o g i b t i t llig ibl t l I h v p ef o d th m e im p l d h v o t tly k p t i vi w th w ts f Th th l o f c f om R l o th w ill bl th i t l lig t t d t t t w n co m p i o s m k hi d h w i ll p o fi t b y th l b o I l y i g d o w th e u l s f S y t x i t h b I
a
e en
ea
ar
o eac
o
s u
eec
S
e
a
s ee
or
n s an ce ,
as
.
en
e
e
en
re
a
o
e
en era
a cce
a
ee n
ea
z n
an
a
o an
er
n
r
a
ur
a
n
erre
e
en a
e
e
e s, s o
a e
er
re
n
n
e
a
a
e c n
e
o
e
e
a n
er
n
u
n s ea
u
.
n
a
e r
un n e
e
re S
n
e
a r s n , an
o
ere
e
n e
.
as e
e
u
e
e
e sa
e
r
en
e
.
o a
e c urs e ,
e
e cr s s -re eren es
s o
e
e
e
ee
se
en
e
uns
an ,
c n s an
e
e a r n er .
e
a
a
a
a s
r n
r
e
e
e ru e s
o a
e
earn er,
an
e
s
o
un a
e O
e
es
es
e o
e
es , an
ec
as
r
n
n
su I I
e
n re a
a re
rea
a
en
a
e
e e
an
on e
s u
en
o
u e
o
r
.
n
r
e
o
n a
as
ee n
x iii
r R ErA CE .
y object
th e pri m ar
p c ti c
n era l e g
an d
th e b est w ri ters
e of
o o
f ll w t h e
B u t O rd ii i s
.
c c o
o
l an g ua g e ; i ts g ramma ti al an n s ca nn t s a i d to h a e b een d efi n iti el y l ai d d w n or
n ew
a
v
be g
ra
a s cer ta i n
to
en era ll
b y th e and e
v
v
y un d erstoo d
u sa
e O f g
W ri ters
.
th e lang u a g e
en n o w a n a ti
v
a ll
n
c o ti c
a ccur a
cy
Of a
o o co
e
Th e man y al tern a ti
.
b e en th e l a w s
c
sa
of
w ri ters
Th eref
.
ct c
y
a cura c
of
o
is
w ith
wi th
er
i s in
co r
n
v
of
o
N m in a ti i n h erited
v
e
,
u se
Ca s e
o
fr m
.
it is
n ot
th e simpl es t an d m ay b e f u n d i n
o
o
i g u p n th e a i d d w n i n th e
o
i n f er t
h
at a n
i g y
v
en
b ecau se h e h a s m et
a s sa
s e g
w ith w hi ch i t
p 1 1 3 I h ave tak en th e
o
th e
u n s ettl e d
an d
I n p ag e of citin g s m e tran s g res s i
r an t a n d
s
th a t
y co rrect
n si s ten t.
o ppo tu ity m o t i mp o t
n ot
h ow
n si s t n
u
a
s e era l
one or even
of
o ti y x iom l ev re ,
n era ll e g
n ot
n
ra mm ar
S yn ta x , th e stu d en t m u s t ru l e
Sh
t h a t brea ch e s y
g
o
m e th d s wh i ch
e
s
i r i n c l s o f e p p
cl ea re s t
v
ow co m po iti o
i n th e S yn ta x
ed
t oo mu h to
s tr i
b y ru l e,
an
ov
curr en e
al l
er
i d ed u g
een
c
oc
a
ra
e
h
c
y
h v
a
by h i s ear ra th er t a n b y a n y re c g n iz ed S u h b e in g th e ca se , n el ties are c n ti nu creepin g i n , a n d S o l e i s m s a re of ns ta n t
.
a re
h v b th th
w ill t es t th e
e
assa e p g
law
o
ecu li ar rul e of
o ns
of
th e
th e l an g u a g e,
p O f th e A g e n t i n stea d O f th e T i s c n str u cti n h as b een
th e
h
o
S an sk ri t,
o w h i ch
d ecid ed pa rtial ity f or th e I ns tru m en tal
e vi n
c
c
ase
es
a
an d
xiv
E F A CE
PR
.
v
o ct
th e P a s s i e VO I CO , b u t i t h as b ec me t in nes th e m
U rd fi A i g
v
o
h
st r em ark ab l e
c ara
eri s tic o f
th e
ph
ab et
‘ .
s
ho
es a
ch p t o ll t h t i s c ‘
rt
a
er
a
th e D
n
y
n e es sa r
to ma ster i t,
an d
U rd ii
r at
h
a-na
al
a r i g
e na blin
a stu d en t
g
ook th B f w h i ch d co t c ti o
b
re a d su ch
to
v
f or
s as
to g ra m mar t an Hi n d i
h
er
an
’
a z zfi l
e
‘
at
ar
SO
,
a s r el ate s
~
e
an d
P uebl a?
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O rd ii
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aff ec ed
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it h
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XV
.
r d in a r
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E I N niI S TAN i
3
.
D
RA MM A R
A L P HA B E T
THE
SO U N
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.
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A L P HA B ET
3
.
c i bi g th bov l tt i R m ch c m d i c itic l m k t q i d to d i ti g i h th v io fo m f th t Tho mploy d i t th f o g oi g t bl tho d i Sh k p Di ti Th y t p h p th b t th t co l d b y d vi d b t f l th y p f bl to y y t m which w o l d t bli h d i ff c b t w y G mm d D ictio 5 Th l tt i t od c d i to th lph b t by th P i / d cf y Th p E 5 f th A bic l m o d ific tio d I J j j E c ll d p ctiv l y 6d j i m d th y d l y i ij mi tho b i g Th Hi di l t t d ot fo d : t d m Th p t 3 l ) th to g c b l o d fo d i th I d i 4 I n trans
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d i th bo t bl om th o w hich h i th i p t t t W h th y th l tt d m y f th m l i bl to co i d i co mbi tio bl l ty i A fi l th i di cog m o d ific tio w ith t w xc ptio (t t ) th y i i g th m ; f th pp i th i f ll fo m w ith th dd itio o l y lig t co cti g th m w ith th p c di g f M o d ific tio f fo m occ io d by th l tt c ity f joi i g l t t to g th Wh th y d joi d th y t i th i d i ti cti d ot b t d f i th i fi l flo i h T h l t t 3 e 3 l p 6
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w joi b t i m T fi h l th i h t t f h i t p g d ; ll w itt i iti l d th l tt h p b 5 m d i l ; th d ; ; b ; mi f th fo m I co mb i tio w ith l tt w ; bip i t l foll o w d i iti d w itt th y : 3 7 f s f L tt m th y m y b w itt by c t m f { a d i to co t ct i fo m th j f u fi t m l i h h m I w iti d t 3 g g p j < d mbl i g m th 9 U b com h p I m b I w t g d o t b co m w s w / b h f m co t ct d i t ook o d t d p 0 M to d i co mbi tio y comm o ly d i t d fu l d i iti d S w itt E { m di l d fi l t th ae / l w b d l d w itt i iti l yl d 0 t m di l th d a? c! l f f d c d to S f i iti l d m d i l J A b l? l ; / l l b co m d i d i ti i h b Q l g g J I f o m lf i by l w y joi i g th xt l tt Mm i iti l i m di l Th l tt 1 i iti l i b t i MS m o co mm o ly z ; m d i l it i 6 fi l it i wh it i joi d wh d it i p t Th l tt 4 w h it i d h th o d f i co mm o ly w itt fi l
; la la d o
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A L P HA B ET
5
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as
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p o o c d i E gl i h t dd po o cd O f th d th t th b tw o ft i t m d i t o d b tw
ar e
to ngu e
by pl acmg th e
th
P ronuncia tion
.
er
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s am e as
th e
th th e l tt d p d d wh f th E g li h t it i c y t ti to w it E g l i h w o d co t i i g tho l tt i Hi du t a i th p t i i w itt wlfig d o di u s u" 5 tho g h d i ff i g i ll lik p o o c d i Hi d u ta i A bic E l d h d h v i h o d h t i g j j E 6 d /i v p o o c d l ik th F ch / ; th y
Eng l is
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MI N D CS TAN I G RA
6
im il t th ch th F
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A L P HA B ET
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GR A M M R
H I N D bS TAN i
16
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18
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gl
s
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t/i e
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.
etc.
.
Mo no syllabic
1 14
.
t ow l :
r
co o
be ween t wo v
GR MM R
n m n fi s ri n i
66
oot
t
y
.
i b tit t
h a vi ng
s
g en erall
n s n an s
A
A
a
m ed al
su s
a
u e
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el rt
e
t
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it
subs t
is
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n
f or ii ,
cti
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k
to
.
0.
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awa
k
en
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.
to w o
to l
.
9
a
to d o w
y
to c
to d o w r
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k
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i htho
Th e d p (4
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n
1 15
.
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.
to
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a
n
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to
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i
au se
o
to d r w n
L iJL bnln d nd
o
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c
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no
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Lo l d a nrd nd , a
.
.
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L ir i p a tra na
r un .
to lay
.
I
.
et.
(a ctive)
s a i an d a n u n d er g g
p a i rna , to m m
d a n rnd
all
au s e
to c
n
0
to w
,
UyS glnbnz d nd ,
,
L111 bn ld nd ,
to
au s e
en .
,
d nbond ,
n
k
a wa
13511 lémana
.
UL S d n bd nd
L 1 J3 d ii bnd ,
to
et .
/
t o li e d wn
au s e
to c
L li l li td nd ,
L i d letnd ,
c
,
L 552; bbig md nd
L JQJ bl ng ond ,
.
.
L 1J5> j ag wd nd
,
'
w et
r
.
13152; b/z ig d nd ,
L 54 1 bbig nd ,
(4
e
ve .
L K> j ag d nd
e a wa e
e
.
f or i ,
nd , d g j
to b
f or d
i
er.
to b
u ted
an
to c
e g
au s e au se
,
all .
.
to s wn n
to
.
run .
ho t vow l i th i o ly r
e
n
e r
n
D R E
fi A cti or
n al
ve
s
yll
I VA TI V E V E
y
able
rall ene g
l eng
R
th
67
BS .
t h t vo w l a
en
i n th e
e
; as
N eu ter
cti
A
.
Cau s al
ve .
.
’
L L p a lnd , ,
to b o i h en
ur s
5 L 15 lea tnd
to b
ed
to o i h n ur s
.
2
l
c n nd
to op
to
,
LI5J n i/ca lnd
to co m
to c
.
R
i
cu t
.
to c
a us e
to
op
,
en .
5 1 n i/ca ln d nd , 1331 '
to c
e ou t.
to t k
a u se
a
e ou t
.
vo w l ho t th vo w l d ad d to it th l tt ll b Th y v l g J f o l y tw fo m x pl i d i R l 1 1 3 Th N t mk th i C l by dd i g 1 d th A ctiv by bot h 1 16
oot
a
to
a us e
1
en
tk
to
e o u t.
ur s h .
n
131 125 bli nlnz d nd
ldKJ n ibd lnd ,
,
to o i
au se
L lJiS lea tn d nd ,
cu t.
to op
.
c
,
'
li /z oInd ,
(nea t)
en
to
.
L 15 lt d tnd ,
,
e c u t.
61 3:l b
L
L lJ p a ln d nd
Lll p d lnd , i
'
s e n d ng
e
o
n
a
1d
o
r
e r
e
and
l
N eu
n
t
er
s as e
d
a ne
a
A
.
to l
en era
a re
u e
n
er s
e
.
e
n
eu er s
es
i
cti
Cau s al
v e.
.
to i m t Li l d d d to c l ; to w p to l ll ld d L il;
L lla j ild nd
v e.
ee
.
n
rn n
/
an
,
s en d
,
to
L l? ) na bd nd ,
to b th a
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sn
p
S l ee
L 113; to
o L lJL u
al s
.
n
.
u
,
asl ee p.
s nln d nd ,
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L J ) na ba ln d n d ‘
,
'
.
th
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s
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e
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to w p
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er
L J r ond ,
r en
e s s
.
a us a s
'
J
e
in
to b
e
,
th
ba
to
ed .
GR M M A R
H I N D fi S TAN I
68 N
A
eu t er.
cti
L 3 ) d end .
A
Ca u sal
ve .
to g i
,
l to c ause
1515) d i ld nd ,
ve .
l to g iv to c to d mk
L 539 d iln d nd ,
e
‘
to d i k
nd , i p
.
r n
L ib p ild nd , 3
a use
0
.
L 513 p i ln d nd , '
r
v
L l25 k/z d nd
to
,
M ilena
b ea t
,
feed
2
.
L 51 5/cbiln d nd ,
Ld al s
o om s
to t k d i g i co o
e en
a
,
e
to
t
Meg?
L 22 3ba it/i n d , . .
,
t[ k
to
d ed at en
L 12
s ee .
1
to t ch ea
)
.
L 125
ba i t/Ja n a , 2
Th
i
U LV
s is
to
L1 2 Ira /eld nd ,
J
t
a
an d
ba z tlu rln d ,
lble
’
2
$ 5
ta b
called ,
s a _kh i
ca us es a n oth er
L ifl s q l
it
’
or ‘ he ’
k a /z ld 0 ,
(th e
l mb ar, pp 7 6 , 92 . .
k
i
i
ves
th en
call ed ,
to be
a l i b u d l)
/m e g a , h e
‘
g
“
as a
t
w i t h lca lz la ta h a t, h e i s ca lled , b u t th e
h i mself t o be
) ba i t/l a m a
d
t ransl a ted
and
‘
Li l
I t m k es al so
verb .
f req uen ly rea d
y
.
ru e
cal l
e
9 n g ) caused
g
g
me
I
a lso
a u se
.
to
r call o y
2
t,
L’ni
ba i t/t u n a ,
n a me
” .
‘
he
caus es
: by
W
.
z
Ull s JJ
b
d
So
Ica h n a n a ,
n nh i fi
c
ea
.
.
yoursel f g enero us
I"
t ch
1
l 1 tera l mea n i n g is
th e f o rm is
to
sa
pas s i ve ; th us
h i msel f th e
S how
to
5
‘
‘
s ilt /eld nd ,
..
.
to
i n“,
L L25 /ca /1d nd ,
sa
s
,
L 5 lea /1 nd ,
mul tiforni
a
ae t
.
‘
s i/cled n d .
2
Th i s is
t d l /h
,
si lt / ma ,
1
au s e
bi t/i ld nd , d e/t bnd
to
au se
to c to it
bit/i d nd ,
81t
e.
as
n s n an s
n
n
c
L lJl lin d nd , to
.
.
.
a
lend
.
h en
so
c
a
” .
pers on
A 4 U
"
no
to be
m uj l w bin p a d s /i a lt z a d i
called
p i
r ncess .
—B g h a
-o
P
CO M O U N D
1 17
Th
.
Ca usal s
an d
N
od q it i g l ly A ctiv
h
”
L;
ob old e s
i
o
to b pl it by}t m d t b b ok fi fi hé d t é to g ff e s i
i
o
r
u n
o o
]
ra k
to
3
to
,
5 c D 5E 2; c L15 )
rea
j
to l ra
,
i
et
go
cz
a u se o
.
’
u
c
m barma, ’
,
e
ee
o
n
,
a e
n s
.
Th i g t v i ty f Co mpo d V b i Hi du t a i d l tho g h o m f th m w hich h v b cl ifi d ph th th co mpo d it will b co v i t to g iv th m ll tog th ere
.
s
n
n
een s o
,
n
e
a
an
as s
rea
s a
a re
e
ar e
o
s
u
ra
L —N omi
na
1 19
i
a dd n
.
g
Th v
e s e a re
a
erb
to
v y co mm o er
a n u n in flected n
e
e
o
un
e
s,
e r.
.
Th y
n.
n
a
an
a
' ra
er s
e
er
e
e
en en
un
e o
ras es
.
(see R ule
Comp o und Ver bs 1 18
.
,
or
a e an en
,
.
’
ra c n
bfi g m oarna
to
rea
'
‘
by
aus e
a us e
.
k/ md ,
to place
rem a n .
tu rwd mi , '
to b k / fi m i mi to to l t g 5) b 52 / b d d to c t k p pl c to m k d fi i h
.
cfi /eorna ,
l} p
.
.
.
to b k
'
en d
e s
ear.
‘
.
nio u m a,
to b old
to t
U )? tormi ,
,
au se
to pl i t
.
mi
c
s ell .
s
en
to
,
l zo m a , p
.
,
e
c
,
f
,
es
.
L 524 bikn d nd
ba rd nd ,
bfi
‘
ctiv
A
e r
'
hd m d ,
l
hi
t
Caus al
t i i:
l)
”
rn .
e
:
L5
to
rm
.
bee/end ,
U
.
lea tnd ,
i i to k m i L5 s p 32 ‘
4
hich fo
e.
L i ; bil m , “
w
r s
u ar
rre
e
u
euter .
t
f ew w
ere are a
69
vnnns .
om dj ctiv
are
u n or a
e
f
r
e
.
ed
by
The
H t u nus rAN
70
v
is)» 6 0 726 i s
erb
to
u sed
to m k ctiv
GR M M R
i
A
ma
k
A
.
t
0
131 5
e n eu er v erbs , and
to t m W y tog th é i k m d to b i th t j g g t B t l tho g h I d d th v b m o t d I m m o ly d oth v b i d iom tic lly m ploy d ; lea r mi
a
er,
e
a nd
u se
5
k l
1
.
UT A
5
..
“
»
to p ch
moi lend ,
ur
-
Jo q d fi u
-
‘
a
e
kil l d ) d d to e
en
s 1 25) $1; yad m /M bj5 la x; p id l
to
nd ,
a - ca rnd
a
—C mp
i
r a ft / n d
as
e tc
,
(als o ,
to be
u sed up, o r,
iv
e
.
c t to p o d c rea e,
f
r
ormed n
u e.
i t/z t/z e R oot
.
ot ti l d C m pl ti v b i d io m 1 20 I t i A oot w ith o m oth Th th i d oot xp th ti lly joi d to it w m it co d vil v b g ll y m g ig th t f th oot g ivi g fo c d mph i to it Th oot v l t b t th vi l b i c j g t d d h c th co mpo d foll o w th co t ctio f th il l f th t i t th co m po d i t if i t l ctiv th compo d i ctiv Th i to i il v b to b d i d io m l o d t m i th p op thi S om oot h v tw th i t iv fo m es e a re
n ens ve.
.
o
a
r
ne er a e
en e
e
e
s
a
.
e
s a
r
.
u
er s erv
e r
e
s
e
ress es
r e an
s
s n eu er
e
er
a e
s a
e.
e u se
o or
ree
e
ea ,
n
s
on u
n s ru
e
ean n
as s
e
.
a e
,
an
o
n
e
un
s n eu er,
ere
s n o ru e as
a
,
ves .
er
s o
e
e
e
er
es
e v er
un
un
e
e
er
e s er
o
s
en era
n
,
ers ,
a s , an
e r
er
e r
in
s er v
e
en
r
.
or s er
n
se
P
es ,
-
ne
ca
a
I n tens
iv
e
rem ember.
to
,
ound s
o
co
s
a bu se.
,
-
.
.
-
1
er
e
’
.
u se
l z ota mar na, to d g
Th
er s
a
ase
[tri m d ud , to be o f
IL
e
d end , lag mi , lend , marwi ,
‘/
Li ts
are
ee
o
r n
,
er s are
be s
ca r n
-
{
hi
a rn
an
er
,
ra / m d,
,
‘
.
z on
/1 0 nd ,
nne
e
a
s}
u
u
Lif
es , a s
’
a
u
e a
ne
n ens
e
e er r
n es
s.
COM O N D v
71
anns .
P U
to cc d f o m b a d UTa d to co m tob m d UTi l d mi (by co t ctio 131! la d ) to b i g {Sla w y li la l l j d d to t k t t k t p f om l /d i t b l> 125 M d jam to t m l f to to p o to p d d 6 l Ul> g j ll bl d t t bc bov d bl> Th t jd d l /1 d to pl c L ) 2 ) / / d d ,to p t d w f m m f L d fi a to i k o i to i k l d d t p [ f t ig h t f m bj l mam a m i d d l d to ki ll to t ik kill ll ctiv Th oot m y t k t il d A c tiv b co m t ; b t t oot d t t k cti vi l th y m i t tw i t i fo m th d i ti cti S om v b h i g f which i n t l w y ic ly d i c i mi t d ; m l l th li b j l j md d m oth d b j xpl i d to b to b com b t b le 9 fi j d d 1mJ 3 / md i g ifi to b co m to b t m i Th fi t i mp l i ch g e f t t th co d co ti c f t t S l o Li l? jd z m l p / md to co ti to g to l p 1 3J r fo m d w it h th P t Th iv :f w I t P tici pl i t d f th R oo t R l 1 39 S UTu
to be eli ected , ’
a n (i nd ? b
,
e , an
a
e
n
a nn
r
n
r n
,
,
ng ’
n
n
e
c
‘
a
,
n
are n eu er 5
o
,
r
,
s ee
a r nc ,
r
,
n eu er
a
o ea
8 0 72
s ee
,
uc
.
.
’
e au s e
e
‘
an
.
:
.
en
r a c z-
u.
u
o
,
e are a
e a
n
ea
-
ao-
a
e a
a
,
,
e.
,
n
n ra
e-
ee
su
n , ro
o
u
ru e n
a e
,
.
’
a
-
en
o
r n
,
r
,
zz
‘
.
r n
,
.
/
n
e r-
e,
s r
e r
n eu e r
e
u
.
e n eu er s erv
a
s
n eu er r
o no
a
es a n
e a
so
a
o
s
o
ean n
n e n s ve
o
ave
er s
e
a
ib
us
b
an
z o- c
r
s n
’
ve s er
s,
e
e
‘
as
a ne
‘
re
a n.
ar
e
e,
o
s ee
ere
are
e
’
eo- r a
s a e
a
ns ea
1 »
e
o
’
ra
an
.
so- ra
n en s
o
e
.
are
ee
na
‘
e,
,
s a e,
n
r
ve
na e
,
n
‘
nc
eans
nu e as ee
e
e
u e
o
e se
ao-
,
es
n
o-
o a s
.
s
u
15
es a
’
,
e,
an
rs
nu a n e o
n
a
’
e
e,
e
es
n
es , s o
s r
.
s
e
e
a n n eu er .
re
e
,
e
a
s
a
.
a
es e are a
ro
ou r
,
.
’
.
as
GR M M R
n rxnfi s rAN i
72 121
—Th
P o ten tia ls
.
t v
A
f
are
es e
A
o
.
rm ed
a dd ng
the
to th oot k l d t b bl to d / md to b bl to g 1> j d t d P t T th d f ctiv v b I th P / md d th co t ctio ld i th q i l t f / d f thi v b i E gl i h i i d tic l with th t f
n eu er
to b
i
by
e abl e,
s a /md ,
erb
a r - s a te
sa
e a
o
,
resen
e
cou
,
o
s
,
e e u va en
s
er
i n Hin d us tan l
s
n
n
o
e
an
e
a
en
s
.
e e
e
sa
o
.
o.
e
en s e
as
an
e r
e
e a
-
n
’
er
ca n, n
n s ru
a o
s et en
,
‘
i n w
.
.
a
)
u.
;
1 22
Comp letives
.
t v
a o s a /etd
ma id
“
a
w ulz
-
Th
Iad ri , I
’
d e/e/z
es e
s a lted
he
,
can
co
e.
ul d s ee .
i
m ad e by
are
iv g
a dd n
g th e
to fi i h to th oot f v eb li/l / k d to fi i h w iti g 11 3 ti g do 1K; 125 l bd / l md t h / / fi / t d h l v w pi ff ; g ; 4 k g d l ml d h fi i h d i g i g 5> 6 neu er
d chu/ m
,
( z-c z u
n
erb
’
n s
e r
,
o
a
r
.
0
.
c eu
,
o
-
e
,
n s
r
a ve
n e ea
n
.
n
.
’
ro d z r o- e z u c
a
rvu
~
—F
III
c
s
,
a z,
e
e
n s
ea es o
e
ee
s n
n
n
.
.
m f lee P res en t P a r ticip le
ro
.
— Fo m ed by pl ci g P t C th v b 131> j d d 1 5) / md to P ticip l b fo xp co ti o ctio Th p ticipl d th v b m t both g with th o mi tiv f / d j d td fi h b t k p t ki k l 1 71> ; g U i h b i d i b o c yi ot g ) g 3 s ) / d id d h co ti oi Le 131 / d j g g ; h w t i g ht aw y d p t d d i d 1 23
on tinua tives .
.
e
ar
res s
e
er
a
re
e
n
n
er s a
nu u s
a
us
e
r
e
n.
ree
e n
a
n
or
1
a
ra
ar
na
r es en ,
e an
e
e.
’
a
L
,
a
”
7
a
ra n
s a
rad
a
n u z
a z,
a c
o
e
r
a ra
ra z
en
r
a
,
,
s
e
e
e
a
ee
a
es on
n
,
s
e
r
nu e
ar e
n
.
n
.
n
,
e
,
.
nmn
si k
bd
l
it
GR MM R
us rl ni
74
'
erall
y
on e s
ho
-
A
cli d /z zye,
uld
w
i ht
’ .
F req uen ta tives 1 27
Th
.
to
5
1 5 lea rnd ,
w
o
rm ed
p as
u
to l earn ,
S ee S
y tx
}
w Q } }: ,
e
p
a r/1 d
n a
’
or
.
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.
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1 14
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.
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mos
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.
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.
GR A M M R
n m nfi s ri n i
1 16
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e s
e
n un
nn n
o
n a
1 60
u
o t co m mo
i s by far the m th e
s
pi i t
s
}r
t
g
u
o
rd
U
é
g J
z
,
o
.
h
in
st
w at h as b een h as been
.
’
(or a s th e
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»
a r en t
g
,
s
E
h e w ho
F ch xp
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ren
has
th e
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i t ne
htv po ibl
‘
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g
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} g
a
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co l tiv H p rre a
ar
$
th e w
o
nou n
rd s
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s
e
.
es
o
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.
ere
’ .
h as for i ts
es
i n the
e
’
es
ed g e
o
un r
an
o m ti m
en
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‘
P
hilolog ic
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.
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j éy 5 0 f q 5 b l
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a
er e
n
2 94 The R el a
as
ymyb I w i ll to th b t f m y po w m pl oy w h t th y a t m y y k o w to b ig ht mb do th f th ki g f v y co t y w h h d co m wh d no bl th l o d w p t tho (fli ) which w n
) ; J i
.
pot h tiv l y g
a e er r em ed
w
o
q
’
d e S ui s se ‘
”:
e
ss
n
o y with
arm n
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l
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9
A
.
l s
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th el ang uag e
of
r
GR M M R
m nfi sri n i
c
"
i 5 p M j l il é i gl q i 8
s
sk
‘
x
9
‘
th e
t
ree u nd er
w
hich tho
u
arts tan d in g , h ere a pitch er
i
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’ .
CORR
R EL A TI VE A N D
or
Th e R ela
.
r s o
a re a r n
va
n
s o
un .
to
er
ara
en r e ea e
e s
n
e s eem s
U
to
ave a s r n
an
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e
s
an
h
RONO N S
161
.
tt c io t g f wo d f it ct ; d by im i l ti w ch l tiv i o f t p t d i t d f i t o d ci g oth r Thi i d iom will b b tt l d by b p o o tio th by l ‘ wh t v f l l i to th j h d f y K} ? w ? w ho v k d f y 95 ? thi g (R l me a w fi fi wh t thi o g y g h ti d i i g 2 95
tiv
E L A TI VE P
so,
o
e
a e er
e
an
rel a
tiv
ta
e
ni
i n E ng l
ih
S i
L” ;
‘
K4
a
lg
6
5
an
th e w
as
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i
s
o
h
t
rd
’
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an
or
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en
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ne s
’
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erse es
su
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en
in
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ers ed es
su
th e
.
Ci d
‘
a
u
m an s
th
0
io
t
the f
an
t
th a wa s bet
n
om r
er
h
o
u se .
er
’
f t o t i t l f p g tho th t t t v cq i t d with th th l tt ( f th w o d ) pov ty (f l ) (R l Thi 5 i o m ti m combi d with F h ; lS U ? 5 d b lfi l thi m ch w l th fl t of wk fi th i cco t
t/ 4
S
.
9
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wh a
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es
e
“
»
no
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o
ers
a er
ne
‘
a c r
ua n e
er
s s
a
ar
a
ev en a
s
o
s r
u
u
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o ft p d th t o ft p
at ‘
e
e
u e
.
ear
The P ers
on e
as
a e ver
‘
n
’
n
n d us
e
o ser
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e er
Hi
on ,
an
earn e
an s o
.
a
n
u
n
ru e.
‘
2 96
ra
ass
n r
er
a
.
e
r
u e
.
s
u
ea
ee
’
’
zc
ere s n o a
un
11
.
nmn
GR M M R
fi s rAn i
i mi t tio f i i t c g g tl y p b q i
A
A
.
i i d iom S t th b o l p o o co m i g with p t th R l tiv h / t o c m i t i i ; l t w ” l f S w g wt k ow S a i l m l m th i o t p l i d L i i d g u u l R w/t / th v é U ld d o i o l g 3 m w b o t t t l t l ik thi l l 4 g? S j g L g“ th f l ity f w l i l i t p ov d ll} fi l S m fi l n w h w ho w o ld t f u r c ch i i w 2 97
In
.
s e u en
n su
th e P ers
a sen en e
o
nn n
n of
a
a
‘
S
ers n a
r n
e a
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« t
,
e
re resen s
,
an
j
e a s no
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s an
ere
l
zc z
u g
h
A
n.
‘
fs t
~
n
un
e s ur e o
-
e
e
e.
n
“
a
,
e
are
ere
e
s e era
‘
en
s.
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‘
w
a
l
a
e
a s
no
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g
.
en
a s a e
u
o
r
e
s
z ee
s
’
e
.
’
o
as
zc
e
r
’
n sear
s
e
.
0.
I nter rog a tz ne P ronouns '
2 98
.
p
Th e I n
t
c
i ts
p o co pl
n
u
e
LS
who
ith
es
ht o
an d
or w
itho
; u)
are
r u g
u sed
or
a re
n
a n
ar
e
,
un
ean n
,
an
n
ua
v
e, a n
are u se
s e ar a e
s
a
‘
as
g
er
n
ases
.
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s
S
s
,
e
.
‘
’
’
a
e
na
e
n
‘
in
i i i d d l y wh t i o ly Th oth c
f or
un ,
o h ly
LS,
? is u)
bu t
w a
ut a n
an d
thi g w hil L S m i g d w ith o i th N o m i tiv d p titiv d p t ly w ho i it ? wh t L it ? 6 ? S wh thi m “L fi “ w h t i thi thi g p LS l w l wh t i th o f thi u
ers
of
w
as es ,
a
err
by
r e resen ed
al l
t og tiv
.
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la
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an
s
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a
g
s
s
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a
'
s
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GR M M R
n i nnfi s ri n i
164
A
A
I nd efi n ite P ronouns
.
o o a ll} d K m m d o c t 45 s i mpo t tio f om th A bic d m y 303 A l i b b i fly d i m i d I t i g ifi d ch d ch d it i mpl oy d w ith w itho t o to d i g t p o thi g which th p k i bl to m p ci fy d i ti ctl y l l I k d d d d L x u i t di g i L ) li gS W w’M d llj u " I w h d / fi ld f c ti hich w h 304 £ ; t i fl y d 2 5 Thi p o o k i ivi m d d t io i , G S m pl oy d w ith d m y b w o oti l ity d d y g o thi g I t p l l i 5; o m d d i ti ct p v l t i h t w p ig th o g h t i w oo d 3 02
fi it
.
Th e I n d e
.
a
“3
s
er a
,
n
e
Pr
a re
n un s
c
an
so an
s o,
’
e.
s
i
e
ss e
s
r e
an
’
su
an
,
na e a
es
e or s
na
r a
s an
.
n
s e
e
ers n o r
n
s
e
-
g
.)
c
as
‘
e
an
er a n ,
5
a
A
an
su
or
a n un ,
u
er
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so a n
as
.
.
a
s a
e
.
k
n
’
s o,
e s
n
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,
or
,
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ib
ra
so a n
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n
s
.
e
r
an
s an
s o.
o n e,
s uc
n
n
s ue a a
’
’
’
e
.
o
e
ec
n
5
s
n
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,
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an
e e
a
e
n
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n
r n un
s
.
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ura
s
.
ar s
n
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en
r
n
’
a
s “ 5
s
e,
u n er
as
as s n
0
an
se era
a cer a n
r u
‘
a cer a n
(th e fox) d id
u Q
h
an d
1 3 y 4 -
a
‘
n ot
e t g
bes d es d ry ’ a rd w d
(I ) h a d one
.
i
thing
l si t
’
no
oo t h
a ny
l ea
th
er
.
ea rd
o
fr m
a ny
9
.
,
s lfi l m é e g
a
“ g)
el
i n th e ‘
c
ra e g
h
po
ssess
for
u mb e
l
a
ho
io
ki y g y (thi )
n of a n
f ew
us e.
’
da
n
s
’
.
s
t n nxr xxi r s p uoxou xs (,
S
A J
Q
ls)
I
’
ut
l s u )
om
fl S HA
‘
‘
se
v
eral
o m thi
y p ed d th o m m o th da
h e s taye
165
.
’
ass
s
.
ere s
e
n
yt hi
’
s
.
g; Q d l t om wh t i p titi to q tity t to v l ty I t h i fl ctio d pl l th t it co po d o ly to th m w hich t k y i g l o “ b i o m w t 1 t g 5 a se 5 “ m m d iv o b ” +5 g s? a l i h o th o m l e ) ( g a . a . s A s e A; p i gb i C? i f th c o w fo d om thi g g oo d to t h i ho ( ) o m wh t mo th y lo g h m o w h tt i t b d é é fi s é th th d g
305
‘
s
‘
.
e
a
s e era
s
,
s
s
e
ve, an
as n o
n
u ar n
e,
ar
.
rres
s n
’
s
an
ua n
an
n
e so
n
a ny ,
g;
re a es
e
n
n
no
,
ura
’
n
no
so
,
e or a n
a
a
es
a
un .
r n
e
a
:
»
e
a er
e
s
e s
.
.
ere on s
u s nes s .
res s n
’
rea
e
ne
s
’
’
‘
r
e
un
rns
‘
e
az
an a
re
s
s
are
e
a
’
n
a
e
s
s
e
.
‘
s
s
’
ea
n
e
.
e
er
e
an
.
a
n
ura
,
s
1
rans a e
ar e
a
ress on s .
s
e
a
‘
an
s
s u se o
u
ra s es
su
g is i g
rd
om ti m f it i
s
un d
in
s r are an
e
es
f
o
.
co xio w ith d xc ptio l pl l b t thi 5 2 t I ch ph m b t d f o m h o p y 3 l ittl l t d by o m wh t t ll d t i mil xp i I th ”l mi s S af a w h v l m t l h i m to o thi 4 “ $ g y 7 } U ? 306
Th e w
o
o
e
’
e s e ara e
a
e
n
e
’
,
a
e
,
a
e
’
,
‘
na
a
e,
e
na -
sa
n
.
e n un
r
‘
a
nn e
s
’
or
a e
e
n
.
’
(R ot ten ha rm i s pref erred -
verb , a n d
C
GR M M R
n rxnfi s rfi xi
1 66
J
S
u
lt
h
s o u s ed
is
i
ere .
A
} 45 l L l g g
to hat h
A
-
o
-
B a har ?
l é d” fi fi
r)
‘
let h i m tel l
3
J
5 42
1
1
5
5
”
l
L9
L
}
a
l
ittl
un d
(o f) h is
e
’
'
o w n afla i rs .
w e rea d
l p ch tic f w l j y g to o m xt t K S l i iv v l pi c g g S f c l oth to d c io iti om mo t ‘
m f
as e a r
ur
s
9
co mpo
a rna a s a
-
h is
I n th e B ayjz
.
)
9,
l J
A
es o
e e
e
e r
’
en
.
‘
L
1 av n
en se era
o
an
s
e a
ur
e es
s
es
’
un
.
I n th e A lj i lah i Hind i -
‘
thi
n
for
gs
i ki
dr f ‘
o
n
n
ea
un d a t all i n
yo
th e
th e
v lt u
o
un
tree, ’
ure s
th
to
s
t
om
om hollo w
b
o
’ .
n es
e u n d er
the
in
e
s
be
ese p a r s
nn e s
d,
an d
g
’
ung
w ere f
n
n ot
a re
g
ti
’ .
I n th e Ga l i B a haw a li -
y p
th e d a
J”
I n th ese e
b
n ot num er .
x mp l O th a
u
su
u se o
er a n
th e d ea
er e
o bt d i f f it i ch c t i ly i l g t
be d
a
ne e
s a
an
.
ss
n
e
e
s
e
es
e er rea
e
as s ed
for a w
hil
e
.
co v y d i th t f q tity x mpl m i g ht b g iv b t it m y w ith th pl l ly g l If v d mi i bl it i v y co mm o d
es
i
s
’
a o en ,
a rees
e,
s
e
er
un
ua n
,
a
u
ura
.
n
an
168
GR M M R
m unii s rAN i '
A
A
.
co c t p t tiv ; d wh i t l t t o m thi g th t co ti d w t l ) i d S w wh b tit t d f v bcm i); b m i d m t b tyd b d ; wh w mpl oy d l ) i th w o d ; b t w h xp i g m o cc t ly th ith f th m LJ i th m co ct ; th th w m w h w m y co m p io d w " m o th w ith m th it w it h pp d ; l w i f h h t w yo t : ( ) g g , L co m to p h t w hich h w t 3 3 6 L 7 ; 9 th t l o w l o t I d l l w y o w ith m s l i d y J éu s sgg mo y b t ch thi w h pl i y; ’ “ glé w l h o d th t h S t y ) wr J t tim w lo t la; d "j d ’ é} th y th t tho h t uj f b p t d f om m i d m i thi ti th ) ( g L h b o ly thi w l o li l> lS U i h g oi g w d f l) d T i i m d t h h i p q is 3 L s
i ts
e
n
en e er
us
e
e
e
e
n
a
‘
e a
e
us e
,
’
ca n
ag
e
s
re a
‘
an
or
nu e
en
ea n n
rre
e
re res en a
rre
e
or
or
‘
en
as
o
’
e
ca n
ress es
e
er o
o
.
as ,
’
a ne
re
an e
u ra e
‘
‘
’
u
r
s u se
u e
s
re a es
ag
on ,
en
e su
s a
en
'
e
s
,
us
‘
as a
ere
an
an
as s o,
‘
1
a
‘
21
3
a
as n
s
.
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.
ere
as,
1
s
n
L
as
as rea
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a s
.
as
a e
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ur
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as
n
so
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n, a n
ree
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o
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s
.
a s
.
5
ne
er
as
°
.
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s
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.
»
es e
eas ure
as
a
s
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a
n
h
s
s a
a e u
sen ence
; t
een
er
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a
e
’
.
a
s
ur n
as
s
’
e
r
s
n
n
ers are
as
u
een s e ara e
;
as
.
a nn
as
e
‘
su
u
,
e,
e
ne o
as
n
e erre
u otat o ns .
ere
ss ’
.
’
.
v
TH E
i
The d ff eren
co m
es ou t
th e
s a me
F t
u u re
.
er
n
ns
s
u us
ne a
g
t i it n
er
e
lSfl
e
‘
S ld L g
C
T
‘
wh a
‘
.»
h
a
“
‘
t
o
is t
n ew s
un d red
L"
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e
h
es ec
a e
to d
ere
e
-
a
y
7 .
s n
a
e n
’
s no
‘
a
‘
n
THE VE
ctiv v b g o lg:L S h i s ; jg , v b d tg e
a
.
o
no
a
u s e n or
s
ne
en era
.
e,
o
es
no
.
e.
en e
as no s u
’
.
an
’
.
a
’
.
ear
ere
s
.
tiv c ; h w d i g th l ly t k cc e
er
n
v ern a n a
er s
er s
RB
s
s
e
n
au
an
er e
o
ne
e 1s no
a
.
an s
n
are
’
’
er o e
ea s
n
er
ere
:
g
se
n
as
e.
.
,
w
on e
e
5
u
N eu ter
,
.
o
.
an d
oo d p i t h v th
s eem s
,
ne
31 0 A
bu t
en u n d ers t
s
o
J
en s e,
e
i h d ( 3 f) opi io 3 th w h m J LS lS d i g 9 lS ith f th ho f th g hat i it b lo g to ith th i o w ith m i I h v othi g f l t f th ci c it i h } lS L ( l if m h y m p th y S J h h m t ; f th i i (th othi g to
L
S‘
p ct
i n th e Pres en t
e
iv v b i o ft tiv u fl f which LS
S
s res
.
th e
w
th e P a s
n
s er a
s
s ubs ta n t
eren
hi tT
in th e two l an gu ag es i n t
eren e
309 Th e
y w ith v bi h
e
1 69
.
o t co pic o ly i d i ff c i o b v bl m
ten s es
al l
c
ans
cc
usa
as r ea
a
as
as e
e
e
n
e an
a
tt tiv
le
u sa
er
’ .
e;
n rx nfi s rAN
170 but
s
i ng ;
om
o
f
e are
un d
w
ith
GR M M R
i
A
A
an a
cc
.
i
ki
us a t ve o f
nd red
m ea n
as
if
lg 1 g
a
he
Lag/
Q} ulglj l d ig ;
l am h e
gg
g
s
we
s
r
i d thi w o d p k l g g l o h v fo g ht
sa
‘
l u ?
lzlj g
‘
h
s
ea
r
s our
a s
.
an
a
u n d red s
’
ua
e
e
.
u
ba ttl es
of
’
’ .
nitive In fi
.
o t f l fo m i d i th w y I fi iti It i th l g g I mp d tiv : b t it i o ft V b l No i t f ctio th d i ti g i h b t w d i ffic l t t I fi itiv d th V b l N o 3 1 1 The I n .
n
e an
n
3 12
As
.
i iv
I n fi n t
an
3 : L
een
s
lS
r
y
s
er
er
an
,
fi iti d pp
In
an
‘
‘
J
in
but
h as been
it w i as
g
s
e
’ .
nd eed
to be s o
th m y thi th to d ere a re ee
n
a
i t i s f re
ve
ea rs
n
an
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