A Lognormal Central Limit Theorem for Particle Approximations of ...
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A Lognormal Central Limit Theorem for Particle Approximations of Normalizing Constants Jean B´erard∗, Pierre Del Moral†, Arnaud Doucet‡
arXiv:1307.0181v1 [math.PR] 30 Jun 2013
July 22, 2013
Abstract This paper deals with the numerical approximation of normalizing constants produced by particle methods, in the general framework of Feynman-Kac sequences of measures. It is well-known that the corresponding estimates satisfy a central limit theorem for a fixed time horizon n as the number of particles N goes to infinity. Here, we study the situation where both n and N go to infinity in such a way that limn→∞ n/N = α > 0. In this context, Pitt et al. [11] recently conjectured that a lognormal central limit theorem should hold. We formally establish this result here, under general regularity assumptions on the model. We also discuss special classes of models (time-homogeneous environment and ergodic random environment) for which more explicit descriptions of the limiting bias and variance can be obtained. Keywords : Feynman-Kac formulae, mean field interacting particle systems, particle free energy models, nonlinear filtering, particle absorption models, quasi-invariant measures, central limit theorems. Mathematics Subject Classification : Primary: 65C35, 47D08, 60F05; Secondary: 65C05, 82C22, 60J70.
1
Introduction
1.1
Feynman-Kac measures and their particle approximations
Consider a Markov chain (Xn )n≥0 on a measurable state space (E, E), whose transitions are prescribed by a sequence of Markov kernels (Mn )n≥1 , and a collection of positive bounded and measurable functions (Gn )n≥0 on E. We associate to (Mn )n≥1 and (Gn )n≥0 the sequence of unnormalized Feynman-Kac measures (γn )n≥0 on E, defined through their action on bounded (real-valued) measurable functions by: Y γn (f ) := E f (Xn ) Gp (Xp ) . (1.1) 0≤p