A Purpose Driven Method for Language Comparison The REVISE

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Two further consequences follow from the proposed comparison method, namely (i) a measure for the degree of similarity between languages, and (ii) a method.
Proceedings of the 8th European Knowledge Acquisition Workshop (EKAW’96) N. Shadbolt and K. O’Hara (eds.), LNAI 1076, pp. 66-81, Springer Verlag

 

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DESIRE primitive component primitive control kernel input

C

B

E

dynamic output role

A C

dynamic input roles

D

B

kernel A

ML^2 primitive inference

kernel output D

A, B = input facts C = domain independent part of knowledge-base E = domain dependent part of knowledge-base D = derived output facts

inference layer

E

domain layer

E’

static role

E’ = domain theory for E

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