a situation calculus approach

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they are taken, in the standard way, to apply naturally in the (quantifier-free) non- propositional case as ...... Proc. of the 2nd Int'l Conference, УWАйи v 3 0 - 3 , 1 аа 1 Ð¥. [G Â¥ Ð¥]MeА ГГ ДWv w G ... йа : 3% 5 - 3 , 1 аа 0 Ð¥. [зе x 34Ð¥]VYВ0А © 0Т ...
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