Uploaded to Scribd By Piyush Gupta 10 November, 2014 Copyright © Piyush Gupta
A STUDY OF GRID COMPUTING AND CLOUD COMPUTING Piyush Gupta Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jagannath University, Jaipur
[email protected] Abstract:This paper is based on the study of grid computing and cloud computing technology. These two technologies are related with geographically defined network standards. The main aspect of this paper is deep learning of latest technology and trends in the field of networking. Keywords:-Technology,Cloud Computing,Grid Computing Introduction: A cloud computing is anywhere, anytime service module i.e. we can be able to use this services 24*7*365 module. In the world of new technology cloud computing plays an important role in this cloud computing is used on the daily basis. Cloud computing change the way of internet. The grid computing is a very advance technology used with Globus toolkit .The grid infrastructure works with a middleware which is called the central manager of grid [1,2,6]. Grid Computing: The concept of grid has been taken from an Electrical power gridThe Electric power grid users get access to [7]. electricity through wall sockets with no care Figure 1: The Global Architecture of Grid or safety for where or how the electricity is Computing actually generated. The user has no way to think that where the electricity actually store Due to high data rate and highest bandwidth, he just switch on the plug to use it. Whereas the Grid Computing is used because core the grid computing users gain access to networking technology is now accelerates at computing resources (processors, storage, a much faster rate than advances in data, applications, and so on) as needed with microprocessor speeds. little or no knowledge of where those Grid exploits underutilized resources resources are located or what the underlying Grid uses parallel CPU capacity technologies, hardware, operating system, Grid is used by the help of virtual resources and so on are [6,8]. The grid links together and virtual organizations for collaboration. computing resources (PCs, workstations, Grid also enables the access to additional servers, storage elements) and provides the resources [6,7]. mechanism needed to access them [7,8].
Figure 2: A Layered Architecture of Grid For co-coordinating multiple resources: Ubiquitous infrastructure services, appspecific distributed services for sharing single resources: negotiating access, controlling use. To talking to things: communication (Internet protocols) & security. To Controlling things locally: Access to, & control of, resources and Connectivity. Globus Toolkit:-It is a collection of grid middleware that allows users to run jobs, transfer files, track file replicas, publish information about a grid. GSI:-The facilities which are provided by a grid computing is that share a common security infrastructure called GSI that enables single sign on. Users:-Users can select any subset of Globus toolkit to use in building their grid. Ad-hoc:-Globus has been making a transaction from ad-hoc networks protocols that are called the web services for grid computing. Cloud Computing: Cloud computing is the delivery of computing as a service rather than a product, whereby shared resources,
software and information are provided to computers and other devices as a utility (like the electricity grid) over a network (typically the Internet).It is anywhere ,anytime service and has 24*7*365 model delivery capability. Deliver models of cloud computing:"Software as a Service (SaaS)" Deliver software as a service over the Internet, eliminating the need to install and run the application on the customer's own computers and simplifying maintenance and support. It increasingly popular with SMEs with no hardware or software to manageand can this service is delivered through a browser[1,5]. “Platform as a Service (PaaS)” Deliver a computing platform and/or solution stack as a service, often consuming cloud infrastructure and sustaining cloud applications. It facilitates deployment of applications without the cost and complexity of buying and managing the underlying hardware and software layers. The platforms are built upon Infrastructure, which is too expensive for a common user and estimating demand is not a science. The user’s configuration can be modified later by this type of deliver model [3,5]. “Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)” Deliver computer infrastructure – typically a platform virtualization environment – as a service, along with raw (block) storage and networking. Suppliers typically bill such services on a utility computing basis; the amount of resources consumed. This will typically reflect the level of activity. This provides direct access to infrastructure stack:-Full OS access, Firewalls [4,5]. Public Cloud: A Public cloud describes cloud computing in the traditional mainstream sense, whereby resources are dynamically provisioned or to the general public on a fine-grained, self-service basis
over the Internet, via web applications/web services, from an off-site third-party provider who bills on a fine-grained utility computing basis. Private Cloud: A Private cloud is infrastructure which is operated solely for a single organization [1, 2]. Hybrid Cloud: A Hybrid cloud is a mixture of two or more clouds (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together, offering the benefits of multiple deployment models. Community Cloud: Community cloud shares their infrastructure between several cloud organizations from a specific community that’s related with common concerns like security .Whether It has managed internally or by a third-party and hosted internally or externally[5,4,1].
[5]. Figure 3: The Concept of Cloud Computing Advantages and Disadvantages: Advantages of Cloud computing:
-Lower hardware cost: Users do not require more hardware to use cloud computing resources this is beneficial for thin Clients [5]. -Flexibility: Users can quickly outsource peaks of activity with a very short term commitment [1,5]. -Lower IT cost: The chance of failure is less because all clients are managed in a cloud server [5]. -Reliability: The Provider has financial strong to guarantee service availability. -Data Security: Cloud managed the multiple copies of the same data this work is done by the help of mirrored servers. -Ease of use: The quick and easy for nonexpert users to get started. Setting up sophisticated virtual machines to support complex applications is more difficult. -Less power consumption: Cloud requires less power for thin clients. We pay less to power them. -Easy to repair or replacement and less noise: If a thin client dies can be easily replaced and uses less power than it is less noisy. Disadvantages of Cloud computing: -Generality: The clouds do not offer many of the specific high-level services. -Security: Users data is used in some circumstances. -Opacity: The cloud technologies gives guarantee for a reliability and safety of cloud operations but they are not made public. -Rigidity: The cloud is generally located at a single site, which increases risk of complete cloud failure [3,5]. Advantages of Grid computing: -Transparency: These technologies used are with open source, encouraging trust and transparency. -Resilience: The grids are located at multiple sites, which reduces the risk in the case of a
failure at one site that removes significant resources from the infrastructure. -Collaboration: The grid offers a variety of services that provides an independent platform for distributed and collective work[6,8]. -Ownership: There is no owner in grid resource ,to providers and maintain ownership of the resources which they should contribute to the grid[6]. Disadvantages of Grid computing: -Reliability: The grids service on a distributed manner by providing distributing services which are maintained by distributed staff, this results inconsistency in reliability across individual sites, although the service itself is always available[7]. -Complexity: Because of their complex architecture the grids are very complicated to build and difficult to use, and currently the users require some level of expertise. -Commercial: The grids are generally only available for not-profit organizations for the purpose of their work and for proof of concept in the commercial sphere [8]. Similarities and Difference between Cloud Computing and Grid Computing: Differences: Grid computing Access provided for shared computing power and hardware resources such as storage capacity is done by grid computing by the help of our desktop Large institute such as IIT, IIM in India collaborates their data for external use .basically these services are provided by Big
Cloud computing Access provided for leased computing power and data storage capacity is done by cloud computing by the help of our desktop The cloud services are provided by the individual company such as Google, Microsoft, and Amazon etc. Shared space is used
institutes, centers to spread their services all on the world. Projects such as SETI@home are used with grid computing This services are used by virtual organization for working on same thing/project. To pay for it, the money has taken from public funded which is affiliated by the government org., providers and authenticated users.
The computing resources are find globally, in computing centers distributed across different sites such as country, state, continent.
for using the cloud services.
These services are used by small scale industries, medium scale industries according to their commercial needs. The cloud service provider such as google, Microsoft, salesforce pays for the computing resources: the user pays to use them (pay as per their use). The CSP private data centers which are often centralized in a few locations with their excellent internet connections with best bandwidth and cheap electrical power. We use this because no need to buy or maintain the PC (personal computer) center and can be able to quickly access extra/empty resources during peak hours.
We use this because no need to buy or maintain the large computer center and it enables to complete our work more quickly and solve more difficult problems it also enables to share data with the team in a very secure way. This is useful for to This is very useful handle large amount for the best support
of sets of limited time jobs that generate or use large amount of data The work is done by the help of on open source technology which enables to use the services free. Similarities:
to use long term services and day longer running jobs (E.g. facebook.com, salesforce etc.) The work is done by the help of a proprietary technology (own technology) .
Points to Grid Cloud discuss Computing Computing Yes Yes Scalability Yes Yes Web services Yes Yes Bandwidth allocation Yes Yes Multitenancy Yes Yes Multitasking Yes Yes SLA Yes Yes Storage Conclusion: In this paper we do a comparative study between cloud computing and grid computing by the help of the different factors like scalability, bandwidth allocation and architecture ,properties, the main thing we do in this paper the comparison is related with who, when, why, where. This paper also tells the advantages and disadvantages of both technologies. This paper tends with latest technology [1,5,6]. References: [1] Meiko Jenson and luigi lo lacono “On Technical Security Issue in Cloud Computing” ,2009 IEEE International conference on cloud computing. [2] Cong wang and wenjing lou “Privacy Preserving public auditing for data storage security in cloud computing “, Technical program at IEEE INFOCOM 2010.
[3] Ramgovind s and Smith E “The Management of security in colud computing” . [4] Cloud Computing: A Practical Approach Anthony T. Velte Toby J. Velte, Robert Elsenpeter, McGraw-Hill Publication, ISBN: 978-0-07-162695-8 [5] Cloud Computing: Web-Based Applications That Change the Way You Work and Collaborate Online, by Michial miller, Que Publishing, ISBN-13: 978-07897-3803-5 [6] The Grid Core Technologies ,Wiley Publications,M. Li,Mark Baker, ISBN-10 0470-09417-6(PB) [7] Grid Computing: Practical Guide To Technology & Applications (Charles River Media Networking/Security), Charles River Media, ISBN-13: 978-1584502760 [8] Cloud Computing: Principles And Paradigms (English), WILEY INDIA PVT. LTD., ISBN-13- 9788126541256
