May 24, 2018 - from the solution space; moreover, an orthogonal learning strategy ..... according to the success ratio Sratk through roulette wheel selection.
Mar 29, 2018 - Hamiltonian for every graph G except Kn and Kn â e, and the quantity |V| is the best ...... (Kn,m) has a Hamilton path for n, m ⥠2, k ⥠3. Proof.
a Tool for Exploring Rendering Algorithms (TERA). TERA replaces over 20,000 static images with a single easy-to-use interactive visualization tool that gives.
Sep 6, 2018 - appropriate conditions, the modified method is proved to possess global ..... of spectral conjugate gradient methods based on a modified secant.
Ann Emerg Med. 1993;22:1652-1658. 2Valenzuela et al. Circulation. 1997;96:
3308-3313. Determining Which Nomogram to Use? MNEMONICS: Bradycardia.
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Mar 16, 2006 - These are our stage I sets. Similarly, for any scenario A, (2râ. A) is a fractional set cover for A \ E, since for each such element e we have â.
Abstract. This paper gives a comparative study of the recently pro- posed Scout algorithm and the standard genetic algorithm SGA . Al- though these ...
Designs, and Applications in and Applications in ..... further generalized them for other applications. ..... SOX protein partnership is crucial to determine cell fate.
Specifically, we study how to define & solve recurrence relations. Motivating ...
algorithm—work the algorithm performs within a function. We'll see some ...
May 7, 2012 - 1 School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Israel ... and k-CNF and use our improved analysis to obtain better time and space bounds,.
Jul 11, 2007 - the labeled data by assigning the unlabeled data to proper classes. Bargeron et al ..... 12 classes from Corel Stock photo library (Mayan & Aztec Ruins, horses, ..... Journal of the Royal Statistical Society (Series B), Vol. 39,. No.
Aug 28, 2010 ... Genetic algorithms [1, 2] are stochastic optimization methods ...... If one starts with
a computer implementation of a GA downloaded from ... [2] D. E. Goldberg,
Genetic algorithms in search, optimization, and machine learning.
Reference: Chapters 24-25, Algorithms in C, 2nd Edition, Robert Sedgewick. 2.
Geometric ... Most geometric algorithms less than 25 years old. Reference: ...
relative, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), are central tools in the design ... a set of data points in Rn, is finding the best-fit k-dimensional subspace. SVD.
Partition Algorithms. Ralph Freese. March 4, 1997. These are algorithms for partitions on the set {0,1,...,n â 1}. We rep- resent partitions abstractly as forests, i.e., ...
RESTORING DIVISION FLOWCHART FOR POSITIVE INTEGERS ... In the restoring division, in each step , no ... In fact, a subtraction is done to check the sign ... done and the result is left as it is even if the result is ... Negative; don't restore; X-Y.
May 15, 2018 - Abstract: In the field of investment, how to construct a suitable ... investment environment, such as skewness and kurtosis. ...... BT Group. 1.7.
Genetic algorithms (GAs) are search methods based on principles of natu- ral selection ..... Starting from the second crossover site, which is the sixth gene, we copy alle- les B and G .... It is also parameter-free, which is not the case for some ..
Open University NL, “Object-Georienteerd Programmeren met JAVA”, Open. University 1999. 18. Open University NL; “Regeltechniek”, Open University 1990.
Feb 21, 2010 - rching for controllers. [21] Wu C.J. and Liu G.Y. A genetic approach for simultaneous design of controller with simi- membership functions and ...
A Genetic Algorithm is an optimization technique that is based on the evolution ...
For example, in the Traveling Salesman Problem, every route that passes.
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The MSC/VLR stores the SRES and the Kc and forwards the RAND to ... the first 32-bit SERS the last 54-bit used as Kc after adding 10 zeros. A3. RAND. Ki.
Higher Institute for Applied Science and Technology Telecommunication department Fifth year
A3-A5-A8 Algorithms By: ALI ALAmmori Supervisor: Dr. Nizar Zarka
GSM Authentication ▪ the MS will send either an IMSI or a TMSI to the BSS. ▪ The BSS forwards the MSC/VLR ▪ The MSC/VLR forwards the IMSI to the HLR and requests verification of the IMSI as well as Authentication Triplets. ▪ The HLR will forward the IMSI to the Authentication Center (AUC) and request authentication triplets. ▪ The AUC generates the triplets and sends them along with the IMSI, back to the HLR.
Ali Alammori & Dr. Nizar Zarka
GSM Authentication ▪ The HLR validates the IMSI by ensuring it is allowed on the network and is allowed subscriber services. It then forwards the IMSI and Triplets to the MSC/VLR. ▪ The MSC/VLR stores the SRES and the Kc and forwards the RAND to the BSS and orders the BSS to authenticate the MS
▪ The MS uses the RAND to calculate the SRES and sends the SRES back to the BSS
Ali Alammori & Dr. Nizar Zarka
GSM Authentication
▪ The BSS forwards the SRES up to the MSC/VLR. ▪ The MSC/VLR compares the SRES generated by the AUC with the SRES generated by the MS. If they match, then authentication is completed successfully
Ali Alammori & Dr. Nizar Zarka
Ali Alammori & Dr. Nizar Zarka
A3- Authentication
A3 Input: o 128-bit RAND random
Ki
o Ki 128-bit private key
A3 Output: o 32-bit SRES signed response
Ali Alammori & Dr. Nizar Zarka
RAND Ki
A3
SRES
A8 Key Generator A8 Input: o 128-bit RAND random o Ki 128-bit private key
A8 Output: o 64-bit Kc Cipher Key
Ali Alammori & Dr. Nizar Zarka
RAND Ki
A8
Kc
Comp128 Comp128 Input: o 128-bit RAND random o Ki 128-bit private key
RAND Comp128 Output:
o 128-bit :
Ki
A3
the first 32-bit SERS the last 54-bit used as Kc after adding 10 zeros
Ali Alammori & Dr. Nizar Zarka
SRES kc
Comp128 ▪ Comp 128 is MAC function (Message Authentication Codes) ▪ We have 5 secret tables T0-512 Byte,T1-256 Byte,T2-128 Byte,T3-64 Byte and T4 -32 Byte ▪ Then there are 8 loops of the following compression function : Apply 5 rounds of table lookups and substitution using table T0 to T4.
Perform a permutation on the 128 output bits before next loop ,except in the last loop.
Ali Alammori & Dr. Nizar Zarka
Comp128 The pseudocode for the 5 rounds of substitutions :
for j := 0 to 4 for k := 0 to 2j-1 for l := 0 to 24-j-1 m := l + k * 25-j n := m + 24-j y := (x[m] + 2 * x[n]) mod 29-j z := (2 * x[m] + x[n]) mod 29-j x[m] := Tj[y] x[n] := Tj[z] end end end Ali Alammori & Dr. Nizar Zarka
With X -32 byte X[0..15]=Ki X[16 ..31]=RAND
Ali Alammori & Dr. Nizar Zarka
comp128 FormBitsFromBytes for j := 0 to 31 for k := 0 to 3 B[4 * j + k] := x[j]3-k end end pseudocode for permutation: if i < 8 for j := 0 to 15 for k := 0 to 7 x[j + 16]7-k := B[((8 * j + k) * 17) mod 128] end end end Ali Alammori & Dr. Nizar Zarka
With B -128 bit
comp128 ▪ After 8 loop we can extract SRES and Kc SRES := B[0..31] Kc := B[74..127] |00000000002
