ABAP Objects and Business Server. Pages ... Object-oriented enhancement of
ABAP. • Stepwise ..... Standard designs: design2003, design2002 and classic.
ABAP Course ABAP Objects and Business Server Pages
Lecturer: André Bögelsack, UCC Technische Universität München Author: Valentin Nicolescu, André Bögelsack ABAP Course
André Bögelsack, Valentin Nicolescu
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Copyright 2008 UCC TU München All rights reserved
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ABAP Course
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Agenda 1. 2.
ABAP Objects Business Server Pages • Maintenance and execution • Usage of BAPIs in BSPs • HTMLB • Model View Controller
ABAP Course
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Introduction ABAP Objects • Object-oriented enhancement of ABAP • Stepwise conversion of existing ABAP source code into ABAP Objects • Major tools: – ABAP Editor – Class Builder
ABAP Course
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Principles of Object Orientation I • Classes are the definition of an object including attributes and methods of this object • Objects are instances of classes – Example: • Class: Car • Instance: My car with the license number xxx
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Use of classes and methods Procedurale approach
Object-oriented approach
Braking Car_accelerate Accelerate
Show_speed
Car_braking Car_show_speed
Car
Car_stop Car_Gear_change_up
Car_Gear_change_down
ABAP Course
Stop
Gear_change up Gear_change_down
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Principles of Object Orientation II • Encapsulation: The implementation of a class is invisible outside the class. Interaction takes place only by a defined interface. • Polymorphism: Identically-named methods used for different classes respond according to an appropriate class-specific behavior. • Inheritance: A new class can inherit attributes and methods from an existing class that can be extended by additional, own attributes and methods.
ABAP Course
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Example for Object Orientation Class Vehicle
Inheritance
Attributes:
Methods:
Inheritance
Create Show attribute
Class Motor Truck
Class Car Attributes: Manufacturer No. of wheels No. of seats Methods:
Manufacturer No. of wheels
Create Show attributes Used seats
Attributes:
Manufacturer No. of wheels Vehicle payload
Methods:
Create Show attributes Cargo capacity
Soure: Own illustration ABAP Course
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Classification of methods and attributes • Private public – Private methods/attributes can be called/accessed only from the class‘ own methods (e.g. method „braking“ shouldn‘t be called by everyone) – Public methods/attributes can always be called/accessed (e.g. what colour has your car?)
• Instance static – Instance methods/attributes exist for each instance of a class (e.g. method „get colour“, as each instance has it‘s own colour) – Static methods/attributes exist only once for all instances (e.g. listing of all instances of a class)
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Declaration of a class • Classes can be created using ABAP Editor or Class Builder • Separation of definition and implementation of a class • Definition includes the declaration of all components of a class (e.g. methods, attributes..) • Implementation includes the coding for all methods of a class
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Definition of a class CLASS DEFINITION. PUBLIC SECTION. METHODS: IMPORTING TYPE
TYPE TYPE
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Implementation of a class CLASS IMPLEMENTATION. … METHOD . …ABAP-Code… ENDMETHOD. … ENDCLASS.
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Calling methods and accessing attributes • Instance method: [CALL METHOD] ->( = Value ). • Class method: [CALL METHOD] =>( = Value ). • Instance attributes: ->. • Static attributes: =>.
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Constructor • Explicitly or implicitly defined method „constructor“ used for creating new instances • Automatically called by „CREATE OBJECT“ • In case of missing implementation simply a new instance is created • In case of explicit implementation within the PUBLIC SECTION additional steps can be executed when creating new instances (e.g. setting of default values)
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Example constructor PUBLIC SECTION METHODS: constructor IMPORTING im_name type string im_planetype type string.
CREATE OBJECT r_plane EXPORTING im_name = ‚Munich‘ im_planetype=‚747‘.
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Business Server Pages (BSP) • Web extension for ABAP • Enables the use of ABAP and server-side JavaScript within HTML pages created and hosted on a SAP System • Can be used for the realization of extensive portal solutions • Availability of BSPs starting with SAP Web Application Server 6.20
ABAP Course
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Maintenance and execution of BSP‘s • Maintenance by transaction SICF • Execution: http://:/sap/bc/bsp/sap/ \.htm E.g.: http://g51as1.informatik.tu-muenchen.de: 8051/sap/bc/bsp/sap/\.htm
ABAP Course
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Usage of BAPIs in BSPs I • Business Application Programming Interface = BAPI – – – – – –
BAPI represent an interface to the outside world SAP systems offer a wide range of different BAPIs BAPI calls are executed using RFC Transaction „BAPI“ shows all available BAPIs of the current SAP system Search for BAPIs using BAPI Browser, cross-system access possible Use of BAPIs with help of information available in the BAPI Browser
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Usage of BAPIs in BSPs II Browser SAP System 1
SAP System 2 EXPORTING
BAPI
RFC
BSP
IMPORTING
• This example: Call of an external BAPI • Other possible examples: Call of an internal BAPI
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Using BAPI Browser I • Call BAPI Browser in transaction SE80 – Menue item ‚Goto‘ ‚BAPI Browser‘
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Using BAPI Browser II • BAPI Browser components: Interface definition RFCConnection
Available BAPIs for RFCConnection Call example
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Usage of BAPIs in BSPs III Example scenario: • Call BAPI „BAPI_USER_GET_DETAIL“ – Show details of a certain user – BAPI offers broad functionality for query of user data – Use of BAPI in order to show the „last changed on“ date
ABAP Course
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Example: Call BAPI in BSP – Step 1 Step 1: Definition of variables • Temporary variables data username type c. data tmp_islocked type BAPISLOCKD. data tmp_moddat type BAPIMODDAT. • Interface variables data ISLOCKED type BAPISLOCKD. data LASTMODIFIED type BAPIMODDAT.
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Example: Call BAPI in BSP – Step 2 Step 2: Definition CALL FUNCTION CALL FUNCTION 'BAPI_USER_GET_DETAIL' DESTINATION 'G11clnt101‚ EXPORTING ….. IMPORTING …... • • • •
CALL FUNCTION refers to the BAPI name DESTINATION refers to the RFC-connection EXPORTING refers to input parameters of a BAPI IMPORTING refers to output parameters of a BAPI
ABAP Course
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Example: Call BAPI in BSP – Step 3 Step 3: Complete call within a BSP: CALL FUNCTION 'BAPI_USER_GET_DETAIL' DESTINATION 'G51' EXPORTING username = 'master-adm' IMPORTING lastmodified = tmp_moddat.
• Query of the „Last changed on“ date (lastmodified) of user „master-adm“ • Output is assigned to variable tmp_moddat
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Example: Call BAPI in BSP – Result • Result:
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Example: Call BAPI in BSP • Complete source code:
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