Systematic & Applied Acarology 18(4): 389–395. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.18.4.7
ISSN 1362-1971
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A42DA6B9-8631-456E-A9D8-49199937609B Article
A new species of Tenuipalpus Donnadieu (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from Iran MOHAMMAD KHANJANIA, SAEED ALVANDYA, MASOUMEH KHANJANIA & OWEN D. SEEMANB a
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran,
[email protected],
[email protected], Fax: +98-8114424012, ph. +9-8114424366; bQueensland Museum, P.O. Box 3300, South Brisbane, Qld, 4101, Australia,
[email protected], ph: + 07 3840 7701, fax: + 07 3846 1226.
Abstract Tenuipalpus zahirii Khanjani & Seeman sp. nov., collected from leaves of hawthorn trees, Crataegus monogyna Jacq. (Rosaceae), and oleaster trees, Elaeagnus angustifolia L. (Elaeagnaceae), is illustrated and described from Simin, Hamedan Province, Iran. This species is the first member of the Tenuipalpus proteae species group from Iran. A key to all known Iranian species is provided. Key words: Tenuipalpidae; Tenuipalpus; flat mite; hawthorn trees; Iran
Introduction Tenuipalpus Donnadieu is the largest genus of the family Tenuipalpidae, being represented by 308 species (Mesa et al. 2009; De Moraes et al. 2011; Khanjani et al. 2012). The genus is split into two species groups, caudatus and proteae, themselves arranged in five and three subgroups, respectively (Baker & Tuttle 1987; Meyer 1993). The species groups are divided by the presence (caudatus group) or absence (proteae group) of dorsal seta f2. The subgroups are organized according to the number of intercoxal setae 3a and 4a, which are sometimes present in multiples in species of Tenuipalpus. The species of Tenuipalpus have a worldwide distribution but are more diverse in the Neotropical, Afrotropical and Oriental regions, with 66, 91 and 69 species, respectively (Mesa et al. 2009). Such patterns can be the result of prior research effort. However, the lower diversity of species in North America (19 spp.) and the Western Palearctic (30 spp.), which includes nations historically strong in Acarology, shows that Tenuipalpus is primarily a tropical and subtropical genus. Although Iran is mostly an arid country, it also comprises regions that could be loosely defined as subtropical. Furthermore, although Iran is part of the Western Palearctic region, it borders the Tenuipalpus-rich Oriental region, so one could expect the genus to be better represented. Nine species are known from Iran, namely: Tenuipalpus eriophyoides Baker; T. punicae Pritchard and Baker; T. granati Sayed; T. portulacae Parsi, Khosrowshahi & Farid; T. euonymi Khosrowshahi; T. kamalii Khosrowshahi and Arbabi; T. parsii Khosrowshahi and Arbabi; T. daneshvari Khosrowshahi and Arbabi; and T. shishehbouri Khanjani, Khanjani and Seeman (see Khanjani et al. 2013). In this paper a new species is described and illustrated from Hamedan, western Iran. The new species lacks seta f2 and has two pairs of 4a, and is thus a member of the Tenuipalpus proteae-group, keiensis-subgroup.
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Material and Methods Leaves of hawthorn and oleaster trees which were infested by false spider mites were collected in Hamedan, Iran and taken to the laboratory for processing. Mites wereremoved from leaves with a No. 0 paint brush under a stereomicroscope (Wild M8) and mounted directly in Hoyer’s medium. The specimens were measured and drawn by using differential interference contrast microscopy and 1000 × magnification on an Olympus BX51 microscope. Body dimensions are measured as the distance between setae v2-h1 (length) and sc2-sc2 (width) (Saito et al., 1999); setae are measured from their insertions to their tips; distances between setae are the distances between their insertions. All measurements are given in micrometers (µm). Setal measurements are presented for the holotype followed by the range of the paratypes in parentheses. Legs are measured from the trochanter to the pretarsus. The terminology and abbreviations used for the descriptions of the new species follow those of Lindquist (1985) and Mesa et al. (2009). Leg chaetotaxy is adapted from Lindquist (1985), first applied formally to the Tenuipalpidae by Zhang & Fan (2004) and shown to have diagnostic value within genera by Seeman and Beard (2011). Tarsal setae counts are presented as the total number of phaneres followed by the number of solenidia in parentheses. Specimen depositories are cited using the following abbreviations: CALBS—Collection of the Acarology Laboratory, University of Bu Ali Sina, Hamedan, Iran. QM—Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Australia.
Family Tenuipalpidae Berlese, 1913 Genus Tenuipalpus Donnadieu, 1875 Type species: Tenuipalpus palmatus Donnadieu, 1875 Diagnosis. (Based on Meyer (1993) and Beard et al. (2012): Body shape from elongate_ovate to broad_round, propodosoma usually differentiated from distinctly narrower opisthosoma. Prodorsum with three pairs of setae (v2, sc1-2), rarely with two pairs (Tenuipalpus elegans Collyer); anterior margin with forked rostral shield that may extend laterally over coxae I-II. Opisthodorsum with setae c3, d3, e3, f3, h1-2 present; setae c2, d2, e2 absent; setae c1, d1, e1, f2 present or absent (but at least one pair of dorsocentral setae present); setae h2 flagellate. Anal plates with two pairs of setae (ps1-2). Ventral and genital plates usually developed, often fused. Genital setae inserted at posterior margin of genital shield. Ventral setae may be multiplied: 3a (one to two pairs) and 4a (one to eight pairs). Palp two to three segmented, rarely one segmented. Femora of leg I with four setae; femora of leg II usually with four setae (sometimes three); tibiae I-II usually with five setae. Tarsal claws pad-like. Tenuipalpus zahirii Khanjani & Seeman sp. nov. (Figures 1_14) Diagnosis. Projection on anterior margin of prodorsum with blunt medial lobes, depth of notch 1925. Setae c1, d1, e1 present; seta f2 absent; dorsum with irregular striae; dorsal setae short and setiform, except h2. Ventral cuticle between 1a–4a with transverse striae; cuticle between 4a–ag (ventral plate) with transverse to oblique striae; cuticle between ag–g1–2 (genital plate) with mostly transverse striae; lateral opisthosomal cuticle with longitudinal striae. Ventral and genital plates not well developed. One pair of setae 3a and two pairs of setae 4a (4a1–2) present. Palp three segmented; palp tibio-tarsus with one eupathidion. Tarsi I–IV 9(1ω)-9(1ω)-5-5 (setae tc΄΄ present on ta I_II), genua I–IV 3-3-0-0, trochanters 1-1-2-1. 390
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FIGURES 1–7. Tenuipalpus zahirii sp. nov. (Female): 1. Dorsum; 2. Venter; 3. Palp; 4. Leg I; 5. Leg II; 6. Leg III; 7. Leg IV.
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Material examined. Thirty females and one male. Holotype female, 27 paratype females and one male collected from hawthorn leaves, Crataegus monogyna Jacq. (Rosaceae), two paratype females collected from oleaster leaves, Elaeagnus angustifolia L. (Elaeagnaceae), Simin, Hamedan Province [34°41' N, 48°35' E, altitude 2260 m above sea level (a.s.l.)], Iran; 10 and 16 October 2012, collected by Saeed Alvandy. Type deposition. Holotype female, 27 paratype females and 1 male __ CALBS; two paratype females __ QMA. Description. FEMALE (n = 31). Color in life red. Idiosoma oval. Body size: v2–h1 245 (232-252); sc2–sc2 139 (121-140); lengths of leg I 112 (99–110); leg II 98 (86–95); leg III 88 (80–91); leg IV 95 (85– 94). Dorsum (Figure 1). Projection on anterior margin of prodorsum with blunt medial lobes, depth of notch 19 (20–25). Dorsum with irregular striae and punctate; opisthosomal pores present. Dorsal setae short, setiform and almost equal in length, except h2; setae f2 absent. Lengths of dorsal setae as follows: v2 6 (5–6), sc1 5 (4–6), sc2 6 (4–6), c1 6 (4–6), c3 5 (4–5), d1 4 (3–5), d3 5 (4–6), e1 5 (4–5), e3 4 (4–5), f3 4 (3–5), h1 4 (4–5), h2 91 (85–100). Distances between dorsal setae: v2–v2 30 (28–35), sc1–sc1 92 (89–97), sc2–sc2 139 (121–140), c1–c1 48 (40–47), c3–c3 145 (137–146), d1–d1 32 (25– 29), d3–d3 132 (122–130), e1–e1 10 (8–13), e3–e3 77 (70–77), f3–f3 55 (54–60), h1–h1 23 (17–23), h2–h2 46 (39–47). Venter (Figure 2). Ventral cuticle between 1a–4a with transverse striae; cuticle between 4a–ag with transverse to oblique striae (ventral plate); cuticle between ag–g1–2 with mostly transverse striae (genital plate); lateral opisthosomal cuticle with longitudinal striae. One pair of setae 3a and two pairs of setae 4a (4a1–2) present. Lengths of setae: 1a 75 (66-82), 1b 21 (21–24), 1c 17 (15–26), 2b 50 (40–65), 2c 15 (14–19), 3a 15 (14–16), 3b 16 (14–19), 4a1 82 (69–83), 4a2 78 (68–75), 4b 17 (15–19), ag 22 (18–22), g1 18 (15–18), g2 19 (15–18), ps1 13 (11–16), ps2 14 (12–15). Ventral setae smooth, setae 4a1-2 almost five times longer than 3a; aggenital setae longer than genital setae (g1– 2); inner pair (g1) posterior to outer pair (g2). Gnathosoma (Figure 3). Palp three segmented, palp tibio-tarsus with two eupathidia, ul΄ 9 (6-8); palp femorogenu with one barbed dorsal seta d 13 (11–14) (Fig. 3). Ventral infracapitulum with seta m 16 (14-16) (Figure 2). Legs (Figures 4–7) _ Legs shorter than idiosoma. Setal formulae of leg segments as follows: coxae 2-2-1-1; trochanters 1-1-2-1; femora 4-4-2-1; genua 3-3-0-0; tibiae 5-5-3-3; tarsi 9(1ω)-9(1ω)5-5. Tarsi I and II each with one thin solenidion ω [ta I 5 (4-5), ta II 5 (4-5)] (Figs. 4-5). Leg chaetotaxy as presented in figures 4-7. Tarsal claws pad-like. MALE (n = 1) (Figures 8–14). Color in life red. Idiosoma oval. Body size: v2–h1 204; sc2–sc2 104; lengths of leg I 93; leg II 82; leg III 73; leg IV 83. Dorsum (Figure 8) – Projection on anterior margin of prodorsum with blunt medial lobes, depth of notch 13. Dorsum with irregular striae and punctate; opisthosomal pores present. Prodorsum with irregular and longitudinal striae; opisthosoma with mostly oblique striae, divided by transverse striae; opisthosoma with one pair of pores. Dorsal setae similar to female. Lengths of dorsal setae as follows: v2 7, sc1 6, sc2 5, c1 5, c3 5, d1 4, d3 5, e1 4, e3 5, f3 5, h1 5, h2 78. Distances between dorsal setae: v2–v2 26, sc1–sc1 72, sc2–sc2 104, c1–c1 31, c3–c3 103, d1–d1 20, d3–d3 85, e1–e1 4, e3–e3 64, f3–f3 45, h1–h1 15, h2–h2 33. Venter (Figure 9). Ventral cuticle with transverse striae; lengths of setae 1a 62, 1b 18, 1c 15, 2b 40, 2c 15, 3a 13, 3b 13, 4a1 63, 4a2 62, 4b 15, ag 19, g1 15, g2 13, ps1 11, ps2 11. Ventral setae 1a and 4a1-2 long, almost five times longer than setae 3a. Setae ps1 modified, thick and smooth. Gnathosoma (Figure 10) – Ventral infracapitulum with seta m 13 (Fig. 9); palp three segmented, palp tibio-tarsus with one eupathidion, ul΄ 6; palp femorogenu with one dorsal seta d 12 (Fig. 10). 392
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FIGURES 8–14. Tenuipalpus zahirii sp. nov. (Male): 8. Dorsum; 9. Venter; 10. Palp; 11. Leg I; 12. Leg II; 13. Leg III; 14. Leg IV.
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Legs (Figures 11–14). Similar to adult female. Tarsi I and II each with one thin solenidion ω (ta I 7, ta II 7) (Figures 11–12). Immature stages. Unknown. Etymology. The species is named in honor of Prof. Babak Zahiri, in recognition of his valued collaboration in the Department of Plant Protection, Bu-Ali Sina University, Iran. Remarks. Tenuipalpus zahirii sp. nov. is the first member of the proteae group from Iran and is therefore easily separated from all other Iranian species. The keiensis-subgroup is represented by few species worldwide. Three species are treated by Meyer (1993): T. berkheyae Meyer; T. feliciae Meyer; and T. keiensis Meyer. Collyer (1973), who gave a key to world species at that time (89 species of Tenuipalpus and 16 species of Ultratenuipalpus), records only Tenuipalpus barticanus De Leon as a member of this group (De Leon 1965). Our search for all species in this group has been extensive, but not exhaustive, and only detected one other member: Tenuipalpus jagatkhanaens Sadana and Gupta, described only from the male, collected from Achras sapota (Sapotaceae) in India (Sadana and Gupta, 1984). Our new species bears a resemblance to T. feliciae and T. barticanus, sharing similar dorsal ornamentation, but both have different genual setation from T. zahirii. Tenuipalpus barticanus also lacks seta l΄ on trochanter III. While the original description of T. felicae is reliable, that of T. barticanus was rudimentary, and is herein complemented with further data provided from three paratype specimens (two females, one deutonymph) held at the United States National Museum and examined for us by Dr Jennifer Beard (University of Maryland). Adult female Tenuipalpus barticanus have: narrowly lanceolate, barbed dorsal setae; coxae 2-2-1-1; trochanters 1-1-1-1 (seta l΄ absent on tr III); femora 4-4-2-1; genua 1-1-0-0 (only seta l΄ present); tibiae 5-5-3-3; tarsi 9(1)9(1)-5-5. Except where differences are noted, the leg chaetotaxy follows that of T. orilloi given by Xu & Fan (2010). The deutonymph has the same leg chaetotaxy, except lacks seta v on trochanter IV, as is typical in the ontogeny of the Tetranychidae (Lindquist 1985). Key to species of Tenuipalpus of Iran (females) 1 2. 3. 4. – 5. – 6. –
Dorsolateral opisthosoma with 6 pairs of setae (setae f2 absent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Tenuipalpus proteae group ...T. keiensis subgroup...T. zahirii sp. nov. Dorsolateral opisthosoma with 7 pairs of setae (setae f2 present) . . . . . . . . Tenuipalpus caudatus group...2 Venter with one pair of 3a setae and one pair of 4a setae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T. anoplus subgroup...3 Venter with one pair of 3a setae and two pairs of 4a setae (4a1–2) . . . . . . . . . . . T. annonaea subgroup...5 Venter with one pair of 3a setae and four pairs of 4a setae (4a1–4). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. eriophyoides subgroup...T. eriophyoides Baker Venter with two pairs of 3a setae (3a1–2) and one pair of 4a setae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. bakeri subgroup...7 Dorsum with irregular striae, length of sc2 half distance of sc2–sc2.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. portulacae Parsi, Khosrowshahi & Farid Dorsum with irregular or incomplete reticulation, length of sc2 less than half distance of sc2–sc2 . . . . . . 4 Dorsum completely covered with irregular reticulation; ventral cuticle with smooth regions anterior to 3a and 4a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. punicae Pritchard & Baker Dorsum incompletely covered reticulation; ventral cuticle without smooth regions anterior to 3a and 4a, these regions transversely striate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. shishehbouri Khanjani, Khanjani & Seeman Opisthodorsal setae d1 and e1 absent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. granati Sayed Opisthodorsal setae c1, d1, e1 present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Dorsum entirely covered with polygonal reticulation; opisthosoma with distinct transverse band of striae level with setae d1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. kamalii Khosrowshahi & Arbabi Dorsosublateral region of prodorsum with irregular, incomplete reticulation; dorsosublateral region of opisthosoma with polygonal reticulation; opisthosoma without distinct transverse band of striae level with setae d1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. euonymi Khosrowshahi
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7. Dorsolateral setae narrowly lanceolate; anterolateral ventral cuticle entirely striate, ventral cuticle between 1a-4a with transverse striae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. daneshvari Khosrowshahi & Arbabi Dorsolateral setae setiform; anterolateral ventral cuticle reticulate laterally; ventral cuticle with smooth – regions anterior to 3a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. parsii Khosrowshahi &Arbabi
Acknowledgements We are very grateful for the help of Dr Jennifer J. Beard (University of Maryland) who examined the paratype specimens of T. barticanus held in the United States National Collection.
References Baker E.W. & Tuttle D.M. (1987) The false spider mites of Mexico (Tenuipalpidae: Acari). United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Technical Bulletin, 1706, 1–236. Beard, J.J., Ochoa, R., Bauchan, G.R., Trice, M.D., Redford, A.J., Walters, T.W. & Mitter, C. (2012) Flat Mites of the World – Part I Raoiella and Brevipalpus. Identification Technology Program, CPHST, PPQ, APHIS, USDA; Fort Collins, CO. [1 Jan 2013] Collyer, E. (1973) New species of the genus Tenuipalpus (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from New Zealand, with a key to the world fauna. New Zealand Journal of Science, 16(4), 915–955. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00779962.1973.9723026 De Leon, D. (1965) New Tenuipalpidae (false spider mites) from British Guiana with notes on four described species. Florida Entomologist, 48(1), 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3493527 De Moraes, G.J., Al-Shanfari, A. & Da Silva, R.V. (2010) A new flat mite (Acari: Prostigmata: Tenuipalpidae) from date palm in the Sultanate of Oman. Zootaxa, 2962, 63–68. Khanjani, M., Khanjani, M. & Seeman, O.D. (2013) The flat mites of the genus Tenuipalpus Donnadieu (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from Iran. International Journal of Acarology, 39(2), 97–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2012.742137 Lindquist, E.E. (1985) External anatomy. In: Helle, W. & Sabelis, M.W. (Eds.), Spider mites: their Biology Natural Enemies and Control. Vol. 1A. Amsterdam, Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., pp. 3–28. Mesa, N.C., Ochoa, R., Welbourn, K.W., Evans, G.A. & de Moraes, G.J. (2009) A catalog of the Tenuipalpidae (Acari) of the world with a key to genera. Zootaxa, 2098, 1–185. Meyer (Smith), M.K.P. (1993) A revision of the genus Tenuipalpus Donnadieu (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) in the Afrotropical region. Entomology Memoir, Department of Agriculture Republic South Africa, Pretoria, 88(1), 1–84. Saito, Y., Kotaro, M. & Chittenden, A.R. (1999) Body characters reflecting the body size of spider mites in flattened specimens (Acari: Tetranychidae). Applied Entomology Zoology, 34(3), 383–386. Sadana, G.L. & Gupta, B.K. (1984) New species of the genus Tenuipalpus Donnadieu (Tenuipalpidae: Acarina) from India. Entomon, 9(2), 141–147. Seeman, O.D. & Beard, J.J. (2011) A new species of Aegyptobia (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from Myrtaceae in Australia. Systematic and Applied Acarology, 16(1), 73–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.16.1.10 Xu, Y., & Fan, Q.H. (2010) Tenuipalpus orilloi Rimando, a new record to the Chinese Fauna (Acari: Tenuipalpidae). Systematic and Applied Acarology, 15(2), 135–138.
Accepted by Qing-Hai Fan: 28 Sept. 2013; published 24 Dec. 2013
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