A N N A L E S Z O O L O G I C I (Warszawa), 2016, 66(3): 431-435
A NEW SPECIES AND NEW RECORDS OF SYRINGOPHILID MITES (ACARIFORMES: PROSTIGMATA: CHEYLETOIDEA) ASSOCIATED WITH AQUATIC BIRDS MATEUSZ ZMUDZINSKI1, PIOTR SOLARCZYK2 and MACIEJ SKORACKI1,* 1 Department of Animal Morphology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Faculty of Biology, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; e-mail:
[email protected] 2Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Medical Faculty I, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 10 Fredry Street, 61-701 Poznan, Poland * Corresponding author
Abstract.— A new species, Stibarokris hydrobates sp. nov. is described from Hydrobates pelagicus (Linnaeus) (Procellariiformes: Hydrobatidae) from Malta. This species differs from other representatives of the genus Stibarokris Kethley, 1970 in the absence of the projection on the proximal end of the stylophore (vs. presence in all other species) and in the presence of the basal angles on tarsal claws I–IV (vs. absence). The following syringophilid species are recorded from new hosts of aquatic birds: Stibarokris phoeniconaias (Skoracki and OConnor, 2010) from Phoenicopterus chilensis Molina (Phoenicopteriformes: Phoenicopteridae) from South America, Stibarokris dastychi Glowska and Skoracki, 2011 from Phalacrocorax pygmeus Pallas (Suliformes: Phalacrocoracidae) from Greece, Procellariisyringophilus bulwerius Kethley, 1970 from Calonectris diomedea (Scopoli) (Procellariiformes: Procellariidae) from Spain and Ardenna pacifica (Gmelin) (Procellariidae) from Indonesia. ± Key words.— aquatic birds, ectoparasites, quill mites, Syringophilidae, systematics.
INTRODUCTION Syringophilid mites (Acariformes: Prostigmata: Cheyletoidea) are permanent host-specific parasites associated with birds. The family includes about 330 species of 60 genera described from all zoogeographical regions except Antarctica (Glowska et al. 2015). They live inside the quills of different types of feathers: primaries, secondaries, tertials, coverts, rectrices, and contour feathers (Kethley 1970, Skoracki 2011), and recorded from birds belonging to 24 orders (Skoracki et al. 2012, Glowska et al. 2015). The syringophilids parasitizing aquatic birds are represented by about 30 species belonging to PL ISSN 0003-4541 © Museum and Institute of Zoology PAS doi: 10.3161/00034541ANZ2016.66.3.009
15 genera of the subfamily Syringophilinae and three species in two genera of Picobiinae (Skoracki 2011, Glowska et al. 2015, Skoracki et al. 2016). Representatives of these genera were recorded on birds from seven orders: Anseriformes, Charadriiformes, Gruiformes, Phoenicopteriformes, Procellariiformes, Suliformes, and Pelecaniformes (see Table 1). In this paper, we describe a new species, Stibarokris hydrobates sp. nov. found on Hydrobates pelagicus (Linnaeus) (Procellariiformes: Hydrobatidae) from Malta. Additionally, four records of syringophilid mites collected from new hosts of aquatic birds are reported.
M. ZMUDZINSKI, P. SOLARCZYK and M. SKORACKI
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MATERIAL
SYSTEMATICS
AND METHODS
Most of the material used in the present study was collected by MZ and PS from feather samples deposited in the Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Munich, Germany. The remaining material was borrowed from the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, USA. Feather quills were examined under a stereomicroscope using 10–20× magnification. When quill mites were present, the feather quills were dissected with scalpel and individual mites were removed. Before mounting, mites were softened and cleared in Nesbitt’s solution at 60°C for 1–2 hours. Slide-mounted mites (Hoyer’s medium) were examined under a light microscope (ZEISS Axioscope2™) with differential interference contrast (DIC). Drawings were made with the drawing attachment. All measurements are given in micrometers. Measurements (ranges) of paratypes are given in brackets following the data on holotype. The idiosomal setation follows Grandjean (1939) as adapted for Prostigmata by Kethley (1990). Nomenclature of leg chaetotaxy follows that proposed by Grandjean (1944). Morphological terminology follows Skoracki (2011). The scientific names of birds follow Clements et al. (2015). The abbreviations ‘HEF’ and ‘HOF’ are used for heteromorphic and homeomorphic females, respectively (see Skoracki and Zawierucha 2016). Specimen depositories and reference numbers are cited using the following abbreviations: AMU – Adam Mickiewicz University, Department of Animal Morphology, Poznan, Poland; FMNH – Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, USA; ZSM – Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Munich, Germany.
Family Syringophilidae Lavoipierre, 1953 Subfamily Syringophilinae Lavoipierre, 1953 Genus Stibarokris Kethley, 1970
Stibarokris hydrobates sp. nov. (Figs 1, 2) Differential diagnosis. This new species is easily distinguished from all other species of the genus Stibarokris by the absence of the projection on the proximal end of the stylophore (vs. presence in all other species) and by the presence of the basal angles on tarsal claws I–IV (vs. absence). Description. Female (HEF), holotype and 1 paratype. Total body length 575 (610). Gnathosoma. Infracapitulum apunctate. Each medial branch of peritremes with 3–4 chambers, each lateral branch with 9–11 chambers. Stylophore 115 (120) long, apunctate, without proximal projection. Movable cheliceral digit 90 (90) long. Idiosoma. Propodonotal shield well sclerotized, apunctate, with cleft on anterior and posterior margins. Length ratio of setae vi:ve:si 1:1.1–1.3:1.3–1.5. Propodonotal setae vi, ve, si, c1 and se thick and distinctly ornamented, setae c2 very lightly ornamented, setae d1, d2, e2 thin and smooth. Setae c1 situated anterior to level of setae se. Setae c1 and se subequal in length, both setae 1.6–1.8 times longer than setae d2. Hysteronotal shield fused to pygidial shield, bearing bases of setae d1, e2, f1 and f2, anterior margin reaching above level of setae d2. Setae h1 about twice as long as f1. Genital plate present, bearing bases of
Table 1. Quill mite genera of the family Syringophilidae associated with aquatic birds.
Host order
Host family
Quill mite genus (number of known species)
Anseriformes
Anatidae
Chenophila Kethley, 1970 (4)
Charadriiformes
Scolopacidae
Bochkovia Skoracki et OConnor, 2010 (1), Charadriphilus Bochkov et Chystyakov, 2001 (1), Creagonycha Kethley, 1970 (1), Niglarobia Kethley, 1970 (2), Paraniglarobia Skoracki, 2011 (1), Phalarophilus Skoracki et al., 2011 (1), Selenonycha Kethley, 1970 (1)
Laridae
Creagonycha (2), Kethleyana Kivganov, 1995 (1), Philoxanthornea Kethley, 1970 (3), Selenonycha (1)
Suliformes
Rallidae Phoenicopteridae Hydrobatidae Procellariidae Phalacrocoracidae
Ascetomyla Kethley, 1970 (2), Charadriphilus (2) Stibarokris Kethley, 1970 (1) Stibarokris (1) Procellariisyringophilus Shmidt et Skoracki, 2007 (1) Stibarokris (2)
Pelecaniformes
Ardeidae
Trypetoptila Kethley, 1970 (1)
Gruiformes Phoenicopteriformes Procellariiformes
QUILL MITES FROM AQUATIC BIRDS
Figure 1. Stibarokris hydrobates sp. nov., female (HEF): (A) dorsal view; (B) ventral view.
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Figure 2. Stibarokris hydrobates sp. nov., female (HEF): (A) hypostomal apex; (B) peritremes; (C) seta vi; (D) solenidia of leg I; (E) tarsus III in lateral view.
genital setae, setae ag2 and ag3 situated in close proximity of lateral margins of this plate. Both pairs of genital setae subequal in length. Setae ag3 1.3–1.4 times longer than ag1 and ag2. Setae ps1 and ps2 subequal in length. Coxal fields I–IV apunctate. Setae 3c about twice as long as 3b. Legs. Fan-like setae p’ and p” of legs III and IV with 5–6 tines. Setae tc”III–IV about twice as long as tc’III–IV. Claws of legs I–IV with basal angle. Lengths of setae: vi 55 (70), ve 70 (80), si 80 (90), se 110 (105), c1 105 (100), c2 90 (115), d1 70 (65), d2 65 (55), e2 85 (85), f1 25, f2 125 (140), h1 50 (45), h2 350 (325), ps1 and ps2 15 (15), g1 and g2 40 (50), ag1 125 (120), ag2 130 (120), ag3 180 (155), tc’III–IV 30, tc”III–IV 60, 3b 40, 3c 90 (80), l’RIII 50, l’RIV 45. Female (HOF), 5 paratypes. Similar with heteromorphic female, except: propodonotal setae c1, c2 and se thin and unornamented. Hysteronotal shield indiscernible. Measurements. Total body length 515–610. Stylophore length 115–120. Lengths of setae: vi 60–85, ve 75–100, si 80–100, se 80–90, c1 80–95, c2 70–85, d1 50–65, d2 50–55, e2 60–70, f1 25, f2 90–100, h1 40–50, h2 235–270, ps1 and ps2 15, g1 and g2 35–45, ag1 75–90, ag2 80–110, ag3 130–135. Male. Not found. Type material. Female holotype (HEF), 1 female (HEF) and 5 female (HOF) paratypes (Reg. No. AMU–SYR.511) from quill of wing covert of Hydrobates pelagicus (Linnaeus) (Procellariiformes: Hydrobatidae), Malta, Fifla, 1975, coll. J. Sultana. Type material deposition. The type material is deposited in the AMU, except 2 female paratypes (HOF) in the ZSM.
Etymology. The name hydrobates is taken from the generic name of the host.
Stibarokris phoeniconaias (Skoracki et OConnor, 2010) Remarks. This species was originally described from Phoenicopterus minor (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire) (Phoenicopteriformes: Phoenicopteridae) from Botswana (Skoracki and OConnor 2010). Later, Glowska and Skoracki (2011) recorded it from the representative of closely related species Phoenicopterus ruber Linnaeus which died in the C. Hagenbeck Zoological Garden in Hamburg. Herein, we confirm the presence of S. phoeniconaias on Ph. ruber in Turkey [new locality] and provide the record of this species on Phoenicopterus chilensis Molina [new host] from South America. Material examined. Three females (HEF) and 4 females (HOF) (Reg. No. AMU–SYR.495) from Phoenicopterus ruber; Turkey, Silifke, April 1985, coll. H. Pieper. Material is deposited in the AMU, except 1 female (HEF) and 1 female (HOF) in the ZSM. Ten females (uncatalogued) from the representative of Phoenicopterus chilensis which died in London Zoo (originally distributed in the South America – Andes of South America, pampas of S. Brazil to S. Argentina (Clements et al. 2015)), 14 June 1954, coll. W.C.O. Hill. All specimens are deposited in FMNH.
QUILL MITES FROM AQUATIC BIRDS
Stibarokris dastychi Glowska et Skoracki, 2011 Remarks. This species was described from covert feathers of Phalacrocorax carbo (Linnaeus) (Suliformes: Phalacrocoracidae) from Germany (Glowska and Skoracki 2011), and had never been recorded since the original description. Herein, we confirm the presence of S. dastychi on the type host species in Greece [new locality] and provide the record of this species from Phalacrocorax pygmeus Pallas [new host] from Greece. Material examined. Four females (HEF) (Reg. No. AMU–SYR.520) from Phalacrocorax carbo; N.E. Greece, Autumn 1984, coll. H. Jerrentrup. All specimens are deposited in the AMU, except 1 female in the ZSM. Four females (HEF) and 4 females (HOF) (Reg. No. AMU–SYR.521) from Phalacrocorax pygmeus; N.E. Greece, 1990, coll. unknown. All specimens are deposited in the AMU, except 1 female (HEF) and 1 female (HOF) in the ZSM. Procellariisyringophilus bulwerius Kethley, 1970 Remarks. This species was described from Bulweria bulwerii (Jardine and Selby) (Procellariiformes: Procellariidae) from the United States (Nihoa Isl.) (Kethley 1970), and had never been recorded since the original description. We provide records of this species from Calonectris diomedea (Scopoli) (Procellariidae) [new host] from Spain and Ardenna pacifica (Gmelin) (Procellariidae) [new host] from Indonesia (Java). Material examined . Eight females (Reg. No. AMU–SYR.518) from Calonectris diomedea; Spain, Canary Islands, Alegranza/Lanzarote, 20 August 1989, coll. D. Ristov. All specimens are deposited in the AMU, except 2 females in the ZSM. Seven females and 1 male (Reg. No. AMU–SYR.519) from Ardenna pacifica; Indonesia, Java, Ujung Kulon National Park, September 1993, coll. B. Grube. All specimens are deposited in the AMU, except 2 females in the ZSM.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Andre V. Bochkov (Zoological Institute Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia) and an
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anonymous reviewer provided constructive comments on early version of the manuscript. Gerhard Haszprunar and Markus Unsoeld (ZSM) are acknowledged for making the feathers available for the present study. Studies in the ZSM were supported by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) (A/12/05065).
REFERENCES Clements, J. F., Schulenberg, T. S., Iliff, M. J., Roberson, D., Fredericks, T. A., Sullivan, B. L. and C. L. Wood. 2015. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world. The Cornell Lab Ornithology, Ithaca, New York. Available from: http:// www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ Glowska, E., Chrzanowski, M. and K. Kaszewska. 2015. Checklist of quill mites (Acariformes: Syringophilidae) of the World. Zootaxa, 3968: 1–81. Glowska, E. and M. Skoracki. 2011. New species of quill mites (Acari, Cheyletoidea, Syringophilidae) and the first record of male for the genus Stibarokris. Zootaxa, 2817: 63–68. Grandjean, F. 1939. Les segments postlarvaires de l’hysterosoma chez les oribates (Acariens). Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 64: 273–284. Grandjean, F. 1944. Observations sur les acariens de la famille des Stigmaeidae. Archives des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, 26: 103–131. Kethley, J. B. 1970. A revision of the family Syringophilidae (Prostigmata: Acarina). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 5: 1–76. Kethley, J. B. 1990. Acarina: Prostigmata (Actinedida), pp. 667–754. In: D. L. Dindal (ed.). Soil Biology Guide. Wiley and Sons, New York. Skoracki, M. 2011. Quill mites (Acari: Syringophilidae) of the Palaearctic region. Zootaxa, 2840: 1–414. Skoracki, M. and B. M. OConnor. 2010. New taxa of quill mites (Acari: Cheyletoidea: Syringophilidae). Zootaxa, 2341: 1–32. Skoracki, M., Sikora, B. and G. S. Spicer. 2016. A review of the subfamily Picobiinae Johnston and Kethley, 1973 (Acariformes: Prostigmata: Syringophilidae). Zootaxa, 4113: 1–95. Skoracki, M., Zabludovskaya, S. A. and A. V. Bochkov. 2012. A review of Prostigmata (Acariformes: Trombidiformes) permanently associated with birds. Acarina, 20: 67–107. Skoracki, M. and K. Zawierucha. 2016. Chenophila nanseni sp. n. (Acari: Syringophilidae) parasitising the barnacle goose in Svalbard. Polish Polar Research, 37: 121–130.
Received: April 21, 2016 Accepted: June 22, 2016
