Administratio Publica

Download PDF
39 downloads 0 Views 1MB Size Report
Comment
7he research highlights that, on average, Ugandan teachers miss two days .... British education system was used, as Uganda was a British protectorate from.
VOLUME 24

ISSUE 3

Administratio Publica

     

'RHVWKH3URYLVLRQRI0HDOV $IIHFW7HDFKHUV¶3HUIRUPDQFH" $Q(PSLULFDOVWXG\RI3XEOLF3ULPDU\6FKRROV LQWKH%XJLVX6XE5HJLRQLQ8JDQGD (0.LJHQ\L  0EDUDUD8QLYHUVLW\RI6FLHQFHDQG7HFKQRORJ\ .DPSDOD8JDQGD

'0.DNXUX  8JDQGD7HFKQRORJ\DQG0DQDJHPHQW8QLYHUVLW\ 6FKRRORI3RVW*UDGXDWH6WXGLHV .DPSDOD8JDQGD

 

 $%675$&7 )RRGLVXQLYHUVDOO\DFFHSWHGDVRQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWKXPDQQHHGV 3URYLGLQJPHDOVGXULQJ PRUQLQJOXQFK DQGDIWHUQRRQKHOSV FRQWULEXWH WR WHDFKHUV¶SK\VLFDOKHDOWK,WDOVRJLYHVWKHPPRUHWLPHWRDWWHQGWROHDUQHUV DQGSUHSDUHWKHLUOHVVRQV3UHYLRXVUHVHDUFKFRQFHQWUDWHGRQSXSLOV¶DQG VWXGHQWV¶IHHGLQJSURJUDPPHVLQVFKRROVZLWKRXWFRQVLGHULQJWHDFKHUVZKRVH SHUIRUPDQFHDVHGXFDWRUVLVVKRZLQJDGHFOLQHLQPRVWUXUDODUHDVLQ8JDQGD 7KLVVWXG\DLPVWRHVWDEOLVKWKHHIIHFWSURYLGLQJPHDOVWRWHDFKHUVKDVRQ WKHLUSHUIRUPDQFHLQSXEOLFSULPDU\VFKRROV5HVHDUFKZDVFRQGXFWHGLQWKH %XJLVXVXE5HJLRQRI8JDQGDXVLQJDPL[HGVHWRIDSSURDFKHV2IWKH VXEMHFWVZKRZHUHVDPSOHGUHWXUQHGWKHVXUYH\LQVWUXPHQWVVXJJHVWLQJ DUHVSRQVHUDWHRI7KHILQGLQJVUHYHDOWKDWSURYLGLQJPHDOVDWVFKRRO KDVDVWDWLVWLFDOO\VLJQLILFDQWHIIHFW DWSOHYHO RQWHDFKHUV¶ SHUIRUPDQFHLQSXEOLFSULPDU\VFKRROVLQWKH%XJLVXVXEUHJLRQ7KHILQGLQJV DUHFRPSDUHGZLWKERWKORFDODQGLQWHUQDWLRQDOHPSLULFDOVWXGLHVWRVXJJHVW SROLF\DQGPDQDJHULDOUHFRPPHQGDWLRQV 

 ,1752'8&7,21 7HDFKHUVSOD\DNH\UROHLQWKHWHDFKLQJDQGOHDUQLQJSURFHVVDQGWKHLUFRQWULEXWLRQ WRTXDOLW\HGXFDWLRQFDQQRWEHLJQRUHG 6LQJKDQG6DUNDU +RZHYHU  $GPLQLVWUDWLR3XEOLFD_9RO1R6HSWHPEHU



     

WHDFKHUV¶SHUIRUPDQFHLVVWLOODFULWLFDOIDFWRULQPRVWGHYHORSLQJFRXQWULHVWKDWDUH LPSOHPHQWLQJ8QLYHUVDO3ULPDU\(GXFDWLRQ 83( 7KHFRQFHSWRISHUIRUPDQFH PD\PHDQGLIIHUHQWWKLQJVWRGLIIHUHQWSHRSOHGHSHQGLQJRQWKHSHUVSHFWLYHIURP ZKLFKRQHDSSURDFKHVLW,WUHIHUVWRHIILFLHQF\HFRQRP\UHVXOWVRUUHWXUQ SURILWV  RQLQYHVWPHQW 6XPPHUPDWWHUDQG6LHJHO±+HUDWKDQG5RVOL  :LWKUHJDUGWRFXUUHQWUHVHDUFKWHDFKHUSHUIRUPDQFHLVWKHH[WHQWWRZKLFKWKH WHDFKHUDFKLHYHVVFKRROREMHFWLYHVE\DUULYLQJDWVFKRRORQWLPHSUHSDULQJOHVVRQV WKDWLQYROYHVGUDZLQJXSVFKHPHVOHVVRQSODQVUHFRUGRIZRUNGRQHSUHSDULQJ DQGXVLQJOHDUQHUV¶UHJLVWHUVDFWXDOFODVVURRPWHDFKLQJDVVHVVPHQWDQGHYDOXDWLRQ RIWKHOHDUQHUVDWWHQGLQJVWDIIPHHWLQJVPDQDJLQJOHDUQHUV¶GLVFLSOLQHLQYROYHPHQW LQFRFXUULFXODUDFWLYLWLHVDVZHOODVFRXQVHOLQJDQGJXLGDQFH8QGRXEWHGO\ WKHTXDOLW\RIDQHGXFDWLRQV\VWHPGHSHQGVRQWHDFKHUV¶SHUIRUPDQFH 2FKZR $NSDQRERQJ $VXTXR0XWKRQL :DIXOD  3DVW UHVHDUFK E\ WKH 8ZH]R ±  VKRZV WKDW UDPSDQW WHDFKHU DEVHQWHHLVPLQERWKSULPDU\DQGVHFRQGDU\VFKRROVLVDURRWFDXVHIRUDGHFOLQH LQTXDOLW\HGXFDWLRQ0DQ\WHDFKHUVGRQRWDWWHQGWRWKHLUGXWLHVDVHGXFDWRUV HYHQZKHQWKH\DUHSUHVHQWLQVFKRRO$EVHQWHHLVPDQGIDLOXUHWRFRYHUWKH V\OODEXVDUHVLJQVRISRRUWHDFKHUSHUIRUPDQFHZKLFKDIIHFWWKHRYHUDOODFDGHPLF DFKLHYHPHQWRISXSLOVDWWKHSULPDU\HGXFDWLRQOHYHO.DJROR  UHSRUWVWKDW WHDFKHUDEVHQWHHLVPLQ8JDQGD¶VUXUDODUHDVZDVZKLFKLVWKHKLJKHVWLQWKH ZRUOG7KHUHVHDUFKKLJKOLJKWVWKDWRQDYHUDJH8JDQGDQWHDFKHUVPLVVWZRGD\V RIZRUNSHUZHHN6XEVHTXHQWO\JRYHUQPHQWDQGLWVGHYHORSPHQWSDUWQHUVVXIIHU ILQDQFLDOORVVHVVLQFHWHDFKHUVDUHSDLGRQDPRQWKO\EDVLV6HYHUDOVWDNHKROGHUV LQHGXFDWLRQVXFKDVSDUHQWVDQGHPSOR\HUVKDYHUDLVHGTXHVWLRQVDERXWWKH TXDOLW\RIWHDFKLQJDQGOHDUQLQJDWDOOOHYHOVIURPQXUVHU\VFKRROVWRXQLYHUVLW\ 8QVXUSULVLQJO\DVWXG\E\8ZH]R ± UHYHDOVWKDWSULPDU\VFKRROFKLOGUHQ ODFNEDVLFQXPHUDF\DQGOLWHUDF\VNLOOVDFURVVWKH(DVW$IULFDQUHJLRQ 2YHUWKH\HDUVWKH8JDQGDQ*RYHUQPHQWKDVPDGHHIIRUWVWRHQKDQFHWKH TXDOLW\RISXEOLFSULPDU\HGXFDWLRQ 0LQLVWU\RI(GXFDWLRQDQG6SRUWV 2RQ\X1VXEXJD±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¶SHUIRUPDQFH LQSXEOLFSULPDU\VFKRROVLQWKH%XJLVXVXEUHJLRQLQ8JDQGD ,QWKLVVWXG\SURYLGLQJIRRGLVFRQWH[WXDOLVHGDVSURYLGLQJPRUQLQJWHD OXQFKDQGDIWHUQRRQWHDWRWHDFKHUV 0XVDD]L )RRGLVXQLYHUVDOO\   

$GPLQLVWUDWLR3XEOLFD_9RO1R6HSWHPEHU

     

DFFHSWHGDVWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWKXPDQQHHG $NLQPRODGXQDQG2OXZR\H  *XOOHG  KDVWUDFHGVFKRROIHHGLQJSURJUDPPHVEDFNWR PLGWK&HQWXU\)UDQFHZKHQWKH3DULVJXDUGVHVWDEOLVKHGDIXQGWRSURYLGH QHHG\FKLOGUHQZLWKVFKRROOXQFKHV7KLVLQLWLDWLYHVSUHDGWRRWKHUFRXQWULHV OLNH-DSDQ%\WKHODWHVLWKDGEHHQHVWDEOLVKHGLQ86DQGODWHUWRVHYHUDO RWKHUFRXQWULHV3URYLGLQJPHDOVVXFKDVPRUQLQJWHDOXQFKDQGDIWHUQRRQWHD KHOSVDGGUHVVWHDFKHUV¶SK\VLFDOKHDOWKDQGHQDEOHVWKHPWRKDYHPRUHWLPHWR SUHSDUHOHVVRQVDQGVSHQGWLPHZLWKOHDUQHUV 0XVDD]L  $QXPEHURIVWXGLHVKDYHEHHQFRQGXFWHGZLWKUHJDUGWRWKHFRUUHODWLRQ EHWZHHQVFKRROIHHGLQJSURJUDPPHVDQGSHUIRUPDQFH3HWWLJUHZ3HVFXGDQG 'RQRYDQ ± DVVHVVHGWKHH[WHQWWRZKLFKSDUHQWVDQGVFKRRO EDVHGVWDNHKROGHUV SULQFLSDOVWHDFKHUVFDQWHHQPDQDJHUVSDUHQWVDQGFLWL]HQ FRPPLWWHHSUHVLGHQWV ZHUHVXSSRUWLYHRISRWHQWLDOH[SDQVLRQVWRDQHZVFKRRO IRRGSROLF\LQ$XVWUDOLD7KHILQGLQJVRIWKHLUVWXG\UHYHDOHGWKDWSDUHQWVDQG WHDFKHUVVXSSRUWHGH[SDQVLRQVRIH[LVWLQJDQGQRPLQDWHGSROLF\FRPSRQHQWV DVRWKHUVFKRROVWDNHKROGHUV)XUWKHUPRUHWKHVWXG\UHYHDOHGWKDWOLWWOHUHVHDUFK KDGEHHQXQGHUWDNHQWRLQYHVWLJDWHWKHH[WHQWRIVXSSRUWIRUVSHFLILFSRWHQWLDO VFKRROIHHGLQJSROLF\FRPSRQHQWV7KHVWXG\UHFRPPHQGHGIXUWKHUUHVHDUFK LQRWKHUFRXQWULHVWRDVVHVVWRZKLFKH[WHQWHGXFDWLRQVWDNHKROGHUVZRXOGILQG WKHVHSROLF\H[SDQVLRQVDSSURSULDWH ,W LV ZLGHO\ UHFRJQLVHG WKDW WHDFKHUV¶ SHUIRUPDQFH SOD\V D NH\ UROH LQ SURYLGLQJTXDOLW\HGXFDWLRQ+RZHYHUWHDFKHUVKDYHVRPHWLPHVEHHQVHHQDV WKHFDXVH RIORZTXDOLW\HGXFDWLRQ &DUU+LOODQG1GDOLFKDNRFLWHGE\ 7DR RUYLFWLPVRIDIODZHGV\VWHPGXHWRSRRUVHUYLFHFRQGLWLRQV 7DR  ,QWHUPVRIWHDFKHUPDQDJHPHQW%HQQHOODQG$N\HDPSRQJ ±  VWDWHWKDW VFKRROOHYHOWHDFKHUPHQWRULQJDWVFKRROOHYHOSOD\VDSLYRWDO UROHLQPRWLYDWLQJWHDFKHUV±DIDFWRUWKDWPLJKWDIIHFWWKHLUSHUIRUPDQFH$ QXPEHURIHPSLULFDOVWXGLHVKLJKOLJKWFRQWH[WXDOIDFWRUVWKDWDIIHFWWHDFKHUV¶ SHUIRUPDQFH VXFK DV LQWHUSHUVRQDO GHPDQGV ODFN RI SURIHVVLRQDO UHFRJQLWLRQ GLVFLSOLQH SUREOHPV LQ WKH FODVVURRP WKH GLYHUVLW\ RI WDVNV UHTXLUHGEXUHDXFUDF\ODFNRIVXSSRUWZRUNORDGWLPHSUHVVXUHWKHDPRXQW RI SDSHUZRUN UHTXLUHG DQG LQDGHTXDWH SURYLVLRQ RI UHVRXUFHV &KDQ .RNNLQRV 2WKHUVLQFOXGHDODFNRIVRFLDOUHFRJQLWLRQ ODUJHFODVVVL]HVLVRODWLRQIHDURIYLROHQFHODFNRIFODVVURRPFRQWUROUROH DPELJXLW\ DQG OLPLWHG SURIHVVLRQDO RSSRUWXQLWLHV 7UDYHUV DQG &RRSHU .RNNLQRV  ,QWKLVDUWLFOHWHDFKHUV¶SHUIRUPDQFHLVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHLUDELOLW\WREH SUHVHQWDWVFKRROGXULQJFODVVWLPH5HVHDUFKFRQGXFWHGLQ7DQ]DQLDE\7DR  GHPRQVWUDWHVKRZWHDFKHUV¶DEVHQWHHLVPZDVDWWULEXWDEOHWRWKH QHHGWRJHQHUDWHH[WUDLQFRPHIURPVLGHEXVLQHVVHVEHFDXVHWKHLUVDODULHVZHUH LQVXIILFLHQW7KLVLVFRUURERUDWHGE\6LQJKDQG6DUNDU¶VVWXG\  ZKLFK VWDWHVWKDWIDFWRUVVXFKDVWUDQVSRUWSUREOHPVORQJGLVWDQFHWUDYHODQGWHDFKHUV¶  $GPLQLVWUDWLR3XEOLFD_9RO1R6HSWHPEHU



     

LQYROYHPHQWLQSHUVRQDODFWLYLWLHVFRQWULEXWHWRDEVHQWHHLVPDQGVXEVHTXHQW SRRUSHUIRUPDQFH,Q8JDQGD.DNXUX  DVFULEHVWHDFKHUV¶DEVHQWHHLVP WRWKHPDJQLWXGHRI+,9$,'6LQVFKRROFRPPXQLWLHV7HDFKHUVDUHHLWKHU LQIHFWHGE\WKHYLUXVWDNHFDUHRIVLFNIDPLO\PHPEHUVDWWHQGIXQHUDOVRUDUH HQJDJHGLQLQFRPHJHQHUDWLQJDFWLYLWLHVGXHWR$,'6LQGXFHGSRYHUW\ :LWKDIRFXVRQLPSURYLQJHIIHFWLYHHGXFDWLRQ,NHQ\LULDQG,KXD0DGXHQ\L  FRQGXFWHGDQHHGVDVVHVVPHQWRIWHDFKHUVLQ2PRNX5LYHUV6WDWH 1LJHULD7KHUHVHDUFKUHYHDOHGWKDWSURPSWSD\PHQWIRUIRRGDQGFORWKLQJ ZHUHVWDWLVWLFDOSUHGLFWRUVRIWHDFKHUV¶HIIHFWLYHQHVV$VVXFKWKHUHVHDUFKHUV UHFRPPHQGHGWKDWWHDFKHUVVKRXOGUHFHLYHWKHLUVDODULHVRQWLPHWRPDLQWDLQ WKHLUPRWLYDWLRQ$OWKRXJKLWLVFOHDUIURPHPSLULFDOVWXGLHVWKDWYDULRXVIDFWRUV DIIHFWWHDFKHUV¶SHUIRUPDQFHOLWWOHLVNQRZQDERXWKRZSURYLVLRQRIPHDOVRU ODFNWKHUHRIDIIHFWWKHLUSHUIRUPDQFH7KLVDUWLFOHFRQWULEXWHVWRWKHH[LVWLQJ ERG\RINQRZOHGJHE\H[DPLQLQJKRZSURYLVLRQRIPHDOVLVUHODWHGWRWHDFKHUV¶ SHUIRUPDQFHLQSXEOLFSULPDU\VFKRROVLQ8JDQGD¶V%XJLVXVXEUHJLRQ 



+,6725