Adopting the Semantic Web In the Enterprise

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Adopting the Semantic Web In the Enterprise Brian Sletten (@bsletten)

Tuesday, June 7, 2011

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Speaker Qualifications ⊛

18 Years Experience

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Specialize in benefits and applicability of next-generation technologies

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Author “Resource-Oriented Architectures : Building Webs of Data” Addison-Wesley 2011

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Contributer to “Beautiful Architecture”

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One of SemanticWeb.com’s “Top 100” Semantic Web People


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Introduction

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Diffusion of Innovation The Enterprise Semantic Web Selling It


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( Tuesday, June 7, 2011

“Adding semantics to the web involves two things: allowing documents which have information in machine-readable forms, and allowing links to be created with relationship values. Only when we have this extra level of semantics will we be able to use computer power to help us exploit the information to a greater extent than our own reading.” -- Tim Berners-Lee

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200

67

150

( Vasco da Gama

1497 Tuesday, June 7, 2011

100

100

50

0

Cape of Good Hope Died

Survived

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"That which I have seen most fruitfull for this sicknesse, is sower [sour] oranges and lemmons."

Richard Hawkins


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) James Lancaster


HMS Salisbury Experiment Scurvy patients given one of:

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2 oranges/1 lemon 1 pt of sea water 6 spoonfuls of vinegar a quart of cider nutmeg 75 drops of vitriol elixir

James Lind


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) 1795


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) 272 years


1865

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What Took So Long?

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Competing solutions

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Lack of influence

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Poor communication channels


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“[S]ocial, political, and economic systems change incrementally, but technology changes exponentially.” -- Downes and Mui’s “Law of Disruption”

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“To accuse society of lagging lets technology and design off the hook too easily. It implies, in the end, that you can tear down walls, issue laptops and cell phones, or send people home with industrial-strength technology and them blame them if they don't adjust.” -- Seely Brown and Duguid

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“When each technological revolution irrupts, the logic and effects of its predecessor are still fully dominant and exert powerful resistance.” -- Carlota Perez


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Global financial system Agreement on weights and measures

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Reliable transportation Communication technologies Patent system Insurance


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Introduction

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“The favorable conditions for the next revolution are created when the potential of the previous one approaches exhaustion. The process involves a complex set of inclusion-exclusion mechanisms resulting from the nature of social adaptation to each paradigm.” -- Carlota Perez

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Financial Capital

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Investment opportunities in existing paradigm wane

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New technical speculation promises high returns

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Need for technological innovation and idle capital spur growth


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Diffusion ? ?

Channel A ?

Innovation

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Channel B ?

Channel C


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Diffusion Success

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Requires compatibility with

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existing norms

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personal beliefs/experience

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innovation strategy

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risk tolerance

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“It is as unthinkable to study diffusion without some knowledge of the social structures in which potential adopters are located as it is to study blood circulation without adequate knowledge of the veins and arteries.” -- Katz

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Innovation Adoption Decision Makers

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Individuals

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Entire Organization

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Executive Management


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Innovation-Savvy Client ⊛

Learns of Innovation through external/ internal channels

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Needs to develop awareness of the impacts and consequences of an innovation

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Seeks guidance from Change Agents and Opinion Leaders


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Change Agents

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Generally external influencers

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Mass market advertising

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Invited consultants

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Often lack institutional trust


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Opinion Leaders

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Internal influencers

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Technically competent

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Respected

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Trusted to respect organizational norms


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Decision Process

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Seek information to reduce uncertainty with respect to innovation

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Subjective opinions of like-minded people hold strongest influence

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Ability to conduct trials helps

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Observable results help


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“The adoption of an incompatible innovation often requires the prior adoption of a new value system, which is a relatively slow process.” -- Everett Rogers

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Introduction

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"Ours is a brand-new world of allatonceness. 'Time' has ceased, 'space' has vanished. We now live in a global village... a simultaneous happening." -- Marshall McLuhan

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In providing a system for manipulating this sort of information, the hope would be to allow a pool of information to develop which could grow and evolve with the organisation and the projects it describes. For this to be possible, the method of storage must not place its own restraints on the information... When describing a complex system, many people resort to diagrams with circles and arrows. Circles and arrows leave one free to describe the interrelationships between things in a way that tables, for example, do not. -- Tim Berners-Lee


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Until the 1980s, the prevalent organization was the one that served as the optimal framework for deploying the mass-production revolution: the centralized, hierarchical pyramid with functional compartments. -- Carlota Perez


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"The information in the system is part of a communication process among people. There is a flow of ideas from mind to mind; there are translations along the way, from concept to natural languages to formal languages (constructs in the machine system) and back again." -- William Kent


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The Web is intended to be an Internetscale distributed hypermedia system, which means considerably more than just geographical dispersion. The Internet is about interconnecting information networks across organizational boundaries. Suppliers of information services must be able to cope with the demands of anarchic scalability and the independent deployment of software components. -- Roy Fielding

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“A good architecture is not created in a vacuum. All design decisions at the architectural level should be made within the context of the functional, behavioral, and social requirements of the system being designed, which is a principle that applies equally to both software architecture and the traditional field of building architecture.” -- Roy Fielding

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( "While knowledge is often not all that hard to search, it can be difficult to retrieve, if by retrieve people mean detach from one knower and attach to another." -- Brown and Duguid Tuesday, June 7, 2011

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The most exciting phrase to hear in science, the one that heralds new discoveries, is not 'Eureka!' (I've found it!), but 'That's funny...' -- Isaac Asimov

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Introduction

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....

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....

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....

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....


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OWL/SKOS

Taxonomies/Ontologies

RDF

Data model/Linkage

Web Architecture/REST

Identity/Handles/ Negotiated Form

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URL

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URL

URL


XHTML + RDFa

REST Service

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Service Taxonomy Service

PrintingService

LaserPrintingService

ColorLaserPrintingService


PlotterPrintingService

BWLaserPrintingService

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@prefix @prefix @prefix @prefix @prefix @prefix @prefix

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rdf: . dc: . dcterms: . rdfs: . skos: . owl: . : .

:BWLaserPrintingService rdfs:subClassOf :LaserPrintingService ; skos:prefLabel "B&W Laser Printing Service" . :ColorLaserPrintingService rdfs:subClassOf :LaserPrintingService ; skos:prefLabel "Color Laser Printing Service" . :LaserPrintingService rdfs:subClassOf :PrintingService ; skos:prefLabel "Laser Printing Service" . :PlotterPrintingService rdfs:subClassOf :PrintingService ; skos:prefLabel "Plotter Printing Service" . :PrintingService rdfs:subClassOf :Service. :Service a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "An rdfs:Class of services." .


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// Instance Information a :BWLaserPrintingService ; dc:description "HP LaserJet 12 - Rm 212" . a :ColorLaserPrintingService ; dc:description "Brother Color Laser 2000 - Rm 500" . a :PlotterPrintingService ; dc:description "PPlot+ 9000 - Basement" .

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http://server2/print




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rdf:type

rdf:type


rdf:type

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http://example.com/examples/semanticsoa#PrintingService


http://server3/print3 PPlot+ 9000 - Basement http://server1/print1 HP LaserJet 12 - Rm 212 http://server2/print2 Brother Color Laser 2000 - Rm 500

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http://example.com/examples/semanticsoa#LaserPrintingService


http://server1/print1 HP LaserJet 12 - Rm 212 http://server2/print2 Brother Color Laser 2000 - Rm 500

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“Another theme ... is that self-organization and formal organization are not simple alternatives. Nor are they simply complementary. They live in tension with one another.” -- Seely Brown and Duguid

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Introduction

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Identify Your Agenda

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Suggest solutions to specific problems

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Don’t just suggest solutions


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Identify Your Role

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Innovation-Savvy Client

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Opinion Leader

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Change Agent


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Types of Knowledge Required

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Awareness

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How-To

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Principles


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Encourage Homophilous Channels

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Awareness Overviews

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Study Groups

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Brown Bags

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Prototypes

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Meetups


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Relative Advantage

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Compatibility

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Trialability

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Observability

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Complexity

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Suggested Attack Vector ⊛

REST/Resource-Oriented Architectures

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RDFa (External)

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RDFa (Internal)

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D2RQ (R2RML)

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SPARQL

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Linked Data

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Reasoning/Rules

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Semantic SOA


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“Tools fight back when they offer people worthwhile resources that may be lost if they are swept away. So rather than condemning humanity as foolish, primitive, or stubborn for sticking with the old and rejecting new, it seems better to stop and ask why.” -- Seely Brown and Duguid

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Photos


Lemon

http://www.flickr.com/photos/ fotoosvanrobin/4337615778/

Pyramid

http://www.flickr.com/photos/ lonelyplanetexchange/2416011764/

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Questions?


[email protected] @bsletten

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