Airport bird activity monitoring and mitigation

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Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) approach. Dennis Vincenzi, David Ison, Brent Terwilliger & Stefan Kleinke. Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University – Worldwide.
(10) Airport bird activity monitoring and mitigation: The Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) approach Dennis Vincenzi, David Ison, Brent Terwilliger & Stefan Kleinke Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University – Worldwide The utility of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) in a wide range of applications such as military operations, law enforcement, security, observation/surveying, and agriculture, is well known. In addition, UAS have shown significant promise for wildlife research and monitoring. Exigent research has implicated UAS as powerful tools for collecting low-altitude imagery providing timely, cost-effective means of identifying and quantifying species populations as well as assessing local landscape environments. UAS are able to easily access locations that are typically hard to reach, are able to quickly move from one area to another, are easy to launch and recover, and have a wide range of sensor systems providing for maximum detection capabilities. Adding to their utility, UAS incorporate precise navigation and geotagging capabilities (Jones, Pearlstine, & Percival, 2006; Watts et al, 2010). Additional applications for UAS, in particular those in airport environments, have also recently been identified. In particular, Terwilliger, Vincenzi, Ison, Witcher, Thirtyacre, and Khalid (2015) have found that UAS are particularly suitable for assisting airport rescue first responders in the assessment and monitoring of an aircraft accident site. While the capabilities of UASs and their associated sensors are conducive to airport bird activity monitoring and dispersion, little research has been conducted on the types of platforms and configurations most appropriate to such applications (Toscano, 2014). This research will use similar selection and evaluation criteria as in Terwilliger, Vincenzi, Ison, Witcher, Thirtyacre, and Khalid (2015) to provide guidance on the evaluation standards airport operations personnel should adopt when considering UAS as part of an airport wildlife control plan. Additionally, best practices on types of operations will be provided from existing research and sensor capabilities. Lastly, regulatory issues and airport operations integration issues will be outlined.

Vincenzi, D., D. Ison, B. Terwilliger & S. Kleinke. 2015. Airport bird activity monitoring and mitigation: The Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) approach. Proceedings of the North American Birdstrike Conference 15. 19 pages.

Airport  Bird  Ac+vity  Monitoring   and  Mi+ga+on:  The  Unmanned   Aerial  System  (UAS)  Approach       Dr.  Dennis  Vincenzi   Dr.  David  Ison   Dr.  Brent  Terwilliger   Mr.  Stefan  Kleinke     Embry-­‐Riddle  AeronauDcal  University  -­‐  Worldwide    

Outline   •  •  •  •  •  • 

IntroducDon   TradiDonal  Strategies   UAS  CapabiliDes   Payloads  and  PlaJorms   SimulaDon  around  airports   Conclusion  

IntroducDon  

U.S  Airways  Flight  1549   January  15,  2009  

hMps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=imDFSnklB0k    

Cost  and  Numbers   •  Over  900  bird  strikes  annually   •  Typically  ~25%  result  in   significant  damage   •  EsDmated  costs  exceed  $400  -­‐   $600  million  annually   •  Numbers  of  bird  strikes  per   100,000  aircrab  movements  have   increased  from  0.42  in  1990  to   1.26  in  2011   •  Occur  most  oben  during  landing,   takeoff,  or  low  alDtude  flight   •  Majority  of  bird  strikes  occur   near  airports   •  60%  of  bird  strikes  occur  at  under   100  b.  

TradiDonal   Systems  /  Methods   •  Noise  generaDon/AcousDc  weapons   –  Sonic  deterrents  

•  Radar  

–  Early  detecDon  around  airports,  along  air   corridors,  etc.  

•  Predatory  birds   •  Habitat  eliminaDon/miDgaDon  

–  Removing  standing  water,  cugng  grassy  areas,   removing  brush,  etc.  

UAS  Uses   •  MulDple  applicaDons  for  UAS  in  a  variety  of  industries   –  –  –  – 

Pipeline  inspecDon   Precision  agriculture   Real  Estate   Law  enforcement/border  partol  

•  For  airport  management/bird  acDvity  monitoring   –  –  –  –  –  –  – 

Low-­‐alDtude  imagery   Species  idenDficaDon  and  quanDficaDon   Real-­‐Dme  geotracking   Precision  navigaDon   Habitat  idenDficaDon  and  monitoring   Easy  deployment   Rapid  response  and  mobility  

Imagery/Mapping   •  Imagery   •  Species  locaDon  and  quanDficaDon   •  Habitat  mapping,  precision,  real  Dme   geotracking  and  geotagging  

Easy  Deployment   •  Easy  deployment   •  Rapid  Response   •  Mobility  

Payloads  –  AcousDc   Deterrents   •  Electro-­‐AcousDc  

–  Normal  audible  frequency  range   –  Pre-­‐recorded  sound   –  Low  weight/low  power  

•  PneumaDc  

–  Low  weight,  almost  no  power   required  

•  Pyrotechnic  

–  Regulatory  challenges  

•  Possible  combinaDons  

–  Visual  or  other  deterrents   –  Strobe    

Payloads  –   ObservaDon  Sensors   •  Electro-­‐OpDc  

–  Pro  -­‐  Widely  available,  small,  light,   inexpensive   –  Con  –  ResoluDon  vs  bandwidth;   FOV  vs  resoluDon  range  

•  Infrared  

–  Pro  –  Sensor  addiDon,  miniaturized   –  Con  –  resoluDon  and  sensiDvity   tradeoffs,  dusk/dawn  challenges  

•  Other   –  –  –  – 

Doppler  radar   Possible  in  the  future   Ground  based  with  link   Miniaturized  on-­‐board  acousDc   sensor    

PlaJorms  –  MicroUAS  OpDons   under  4.4  lbs  

AR120B  

AirRobot   VTOL  (electric)   Cruise:  13kts   Max:  21.7kts   Endurance:  20min   Range:  5  SM   Payload:  1.32lbs    

IRIS  

3D  RoboDcs   VTOL  (electric)   Cruise:  29.2kts   Max:  38.9kts   Endurance:  26min   Range:  8.4  SM   Payload:  .94lbs    

Carcara  I  

Santos  Labs   VTOL  (electric)   Cruise:  25kts   Max:  40kts   Endurance:  60min   Range:  28.8  SM   Payload:  .9lbs  

PlaJorms  –  sUAS  OpDons   under  55  lbs   Yarará  

Nostromo  Unmanned   Systems   Fixed-­‐wing  (int  combusDon)   Cruise:  62.1kts   Max:  79.4kts   Endurance:  4hrs   Range:  285.6  SM   Payload:  41.5lbs    

Flamingo  Mk  4   TB   Silvertone  Electronics   Fixed-­‐wing  (int   combusDon)   Cruise:  43.1kts   Max:  73kts   Endurance:  6hrs   Range:  297.7  SM   Payload:  28.66lbs  

Heliplane  UAV   E950  

Challis   VTOL  (electric)   Cruise:  55kts   Max:  62kts   Endurance:  45min   Range:  47.4  SM   Payload:  24.8lbs  (for  MTOW   55lbs)  

SelecDng  the  Right   CombinaDon   •  CAERUS  

–  Capability  Analysis  and  EffecDveness  Response  for   Unmanned  Systems     –  Database  of  over  370  UAS  from  Groups  1,  2,  and  3   –  Used  to  compare  and  select  best  unit  for  specific   applicaDons  

Best     PracDces  

Examples  of  Possible   Units   •  Vulcan  Scarecrow  -­‐  $5500   –  –  –  –  –  – 

Foldable/portable   Bird  control  system   30  minute  flight  Dme   Variety  of  payloads  available   Waypoint  programmable   RelaDvely  inexpensive  

•  Birdxpeller  Drone  -­‐  ???    

–  Proprietary   –  Not  a  lot  of  info  about  the  plaJorm  available   –  Incorporates  visual/sonic  deterrent  for  bird  control  

Other  Methods   •  Bird  repellent  spray  –  some  recent   developments  are  under  review  at  this  Dme   •  Light/sound  combinaDons  –  strobes/sonic/ ultrasonic  deterrents   •  “Herding”  birds  –  using  a  network  of  UAS  to   push  birds  away  from  runways  and  flight   corridors     •  Autonomous  systems  (patrol,  monitor)  

Challenges   •  FAA  regulaDons  are   currently  very  restricDve  

–  Recent  approvals  of  SecDon   333  applicaDons  may  provide   ability  to  perform  research  in   this  area   –  No  UAS  allowed  near  airports   currently  

•  However…  

–  UAS  technology  is  developing   very  rapidly   –  Inclusion  of  UAS  in  many  new   industries  is  on  the  horizon  

QuesDons?   Dr. Brent A. Terwilliger

Dr. Dennis Vincenzi

Program Chair, M.S in Unmanned Systems ERAU-Worldwide [email protected]

Department Chair, Undergraduate Studies ERAU-Worldwide [email protected]

Dr. David Ison Research Chair College of Aeronautics ERAU-Worldwide [email protected]

Mr. Stefan Kleinke Assistant Professor College of Aeronautics ERAU Worldwide [email protected]