Brasil and Andrielle Rodrigues (Polychaeta) , Paula Spotorno-Oliveira (and André Breves Ramos Vermetidae) and Rosana M. Rocha (Ascidiacea). Financial.
Ten years of non-indigenous species survey along southwestern Tropical Atlantic: the rise of vectors and environment characteristics Luis Felipe Skinner, Danielle F. Barboza, Flávia O. Marins Introduction Surveys of non-indigenous species (NIS) are essential to understand the invasive potential of many marine species. Early detection of NIS and environmental monitoring of habitats are one of the most important issues to establish the invasive potential, the environmental impacts and the spread of NIS. However, not always taxonomists are able to take part on large teams of NIS surveys and one good knowledge of main invertebrate groups present in one specific region is essential. It allows to look in a different way to the fauna and identify potential NIS. Since 2008, we started to survey benthic hard bottom communities looking for NIS along the coast of Rio de Janeiro. With the assistance of many taxonomists, we identify new introductions along the coast, and reinforce biological and abiotic factors that prevents the spread of species.
Methods Sampling strategies (Figure 1) included the use or artificial plates made by granite rocks disposed inside plastic cages, with predator exclusion; the use of polyethylene plates in sandwich form, that reduces but is not selective to predators, and the active search by SCUBA or from marina fingers, ropes and other artificial substrates. Collected animals were narcotized using menthol crystals and after the absence of muscular activity, they are fixed on 10% Formalin or 95% Ethanol for taxonomic purposes, or future DNA analysis. Samples were deposited on Zoological Collection of Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (CZFFP) and send to specialists. The monitored regions was A) Arraial do Cabo and Cabo Frio region, B) Guanabara Bay, C) Sepetiba Bay, and D) Ilha Grande Bay (Figure 2). Figure 1: Some methods used on survey for NIS
Figure 2: Map of Brazil and detail of Rio de Janeiro coast with the indication of studied áreas: A. Ilha Grande Bay, B. Sepetiba Bay, C. Guanabara Bay, D. Arraialdo Cabo/ Cabo Frio
Results and discussion Since the beginning of our surveys we detected several NIS (Table I) corresponding to many invertebrate groups, including two sponges: Paraleucilla magna and Sycetusa hastifera, three polychaetes: Spirobranchus giganteus, Spirobranchus sp, Branchiomma luctuosum, one vermetid gastropod Eualetes tulipa and four solitary ascidians: Ciona robusta, Rhodosoma turcicum, Ascidia sydneiensis and Ascidia cf. curvata.
C B A
Table I: List of NIS identified on all four studied regions along Rio de Janeiro coast and its current status of distribution
Region Species
All species were found close to high intense use areas for harbor/ shipping activities and its introductions are probably correlated with this activity, mainly on recent years. Also, environmental characteristics, mainly water temperature is associated to these records. Our results shows the needed of one permanent monitoring program but funding are scarce to proceed with it.
Authors would like to thanks all Taxonomists who helped in the species identification: Michelle Klautau and Fernanda Cavalcanti (Porifera),Paulo Paiva, Ana Brasil and Andrielle Rodrigues (Polychaeta) , Paula Spotorno-Oliveira (and André Breves Ramos Vermetidae) and Rosana M. Rocha (Ascidiacea). Financial support from FAPERJ (from 2008 to 2016).
Paraleucilla magna Sycettusa hastifera Eualetes tulipa Petaloconchus varians Branchiomma luctuosum Spirobranchus giganteus Spirobranchus spp Ciona robusta Rhodosoma turcicum Ascidia sydneiensis Ascidia cf. curvata
Ilha Sepetiba Grande bay bay X X X X X
X
X X X X X
X X X X X
Guanabara bay X
X
X
X
Arraial do Status of current Cabo/ distribution Cabo Frio X spreading X spreading X spreading on region (?) X Increasing in density X Stable (?) X restricted spreading X restricted - rare X spreading X Spreading X Unknown
