AmbientDB: Relational Query Processing in a P2P ...


    !#"$&%'"(*)+#,, -./ 0 %213% 456879:"(; < =>?=@#ACBEDGFHJIKDMLNCIEOQPGIR@+ST@U=V WX>?=/Y Z\[^]Q_a`6bdcEegfXhgi/i/‚nj ƒ…kR„‡†RlnˆmR‰E_oŠln‹prŒzq/Žs„tEr‘“u3’Kvx”r•/wJ–—fz’“yd˜“{U™bQš“|aŠi›Ew ”o_R„‡}‰K˜ ~a{+€{Uyd~a{Ubdhgij|Ef Ejœi§r¨K{ |EwJž { Ÿ f { ¡_°j“¢ydy\£/~afXŸri{U¤ y6bd·Kv¥fXe©~a¬ i{ jEbdf{U{¦¥e©jE|a¬ i§/h©yQ{ ciJja|E{Ue©¨/jEbQj±i§ ydie©«°¨rj¯¨nj¦i/¨/{U|RbXªC²‡ª¸~acEi/¨“h°«E¬ ¹“«aca³h©e©{U¬nibXifXºRe©ydf e©e©¨r_°jajE§6¦´fegª¸h©i/h…bd¬ ca³°e©jEh©{ e»ydjajEege©{U{Ujaf µa§­¼Eyx]¨/ª¶j3bdj¨/ydw2~ai­e©fTja|a«{Uiyi/yQ¦«°i¨/{?wbdbn®¯_—i¦jE¨/{ ²ª e©«°j“{ yX{?bdbX¨K²‡|Eyd¨cE²‡¬ «°{x{ yd{U~Eb*{C¿Á§/À\¨—Â/i/À\h©f Ã_E½+i/fX¾(fXcEÄ­wJt«Eyd«Ee©bd¨r¨/jEydf¨yÅiºRj«°|{ ibd|R¬Q{ ~a·—e»{ ydh©{ ¨/¬U«°yd{ncR|Æbd{Ci¨yª8Z\vx[^w³a]?e©¼\{ ÇCj“ydcR½+b3¾xª¸¨“_“¬ i+cEjaf{U¦egf yX¨/«RbdjÈbd{ ¨“{?¬ yd²~a{ h©{ fX{É·rfXe©{ ¹“jahca§3yX{UbQ«EbXi/ºhgi/jEjafX«Rhgf bdi_E¨“yd|R¬ e©¨r{ egfzjfXyXfXbde©¨/jae©³Eª€§±cEi­ydªÊ{ni/§r|¬Uh©eg¨/h©¨³e»yd·—i/e©{U{ hbxf:¹Ki/¨/cEjª+{UbXirvxº¯|Kw²‡i/~a³Eh©¨“§reg¬6{ {U³RjKÀ\bQydÂ/i˽6À̾€e©j“ja_8yd{U¨­ydy~¦wi¨ycEbdh»®Íiydbd¼“e©²Á{É[¯¦³i{Ci/·re©fX{Jh©{ h©ca|ÈfzyXfzbdyX¨r{nbQjÈii/ydw i{ ydiJ~Ew{cEcEfXfXe©{U¬Ðª¸cE«EhghÑjEi { º“fX{?fb€¨ydªC~ai¨/y6cEb§/{ fzjaºE{?fzbQydi{UydwÎ{ f6³“e©º±j“yd{ ¨rh©cEh©e©yd§rh©e©{ jaj“e©y6jE§±«Ehgin~EºR¨h©¦Ïe©fzyde»fCy3¦´{nie»ydfX~*{ f3¬ ¨r¬ ¨/h©hgjai/³°fzyX¨bdbQcai¬?ydyde©eg·—¨/{jµa¨/h©²ª yd½6{Ue©bdfze©yXjEbd§¯e©³a¨cR·—yd{U{nb:|±|RÕCegfzi/yXfXbd~¯e©³E}8cEi/yd{n³E|hg{UfJw¿ÊcE½6fXegÕ6¬}´h©¨rÃ6§rif y+¼ydÒ8~ae©j{i³ahgh»i/º“fX_…e©f#¦¨/{­ª´fXvx~Ew¨n¦Ó³Eeg~a{UjK¨nyd¦Ô½6¾Öyd~a{ihgh©ca¨nfX¦´{ fШi/ª+«Ei ² «Ehge©¬niyde©¨rjafxh©e©®—{6yd~a{+À\Â/ÀÈwcafXe©¬6«Ehginº—{Ub(yd¨3fX¬nihg{+yd¨3hgibd§r{ i/wJ¨/caj“ydf(¨/ªjE¨K|E{ f ¼ × ØaÙxÚ°ÛÍÜ+ÝÐÞ ßoÚÍàdÜxÙ á#â:ã VÑ=/DE>äXDa>?=Y¶Y¶VÑåE=DGF=*æ á#â äQç#@?=èÁ=@ O+>?B±L°VÑåEVg> IKY…=/DéaV¶@UBRD â =Da> O+VÑDÌê+ëÍV¶ìF ë ââ ì YÑ>?V â =rL°V¸I >?V¶OQO V¸=/F@?ãV¶éPG=/V¸I“FVÑDÍ>U=/BRåÌO@UIKñÈPÍ@U@?=BRB è+â O?=>?BKDMëÍ>?OQ=/=rVÑVÑ>?L@ V¶éRãã =:=/ñÈëG>?B¯>?I—ëGéPM=ËVÑBE=/óBR@PÍIRädY¶SõDG=RíL^O ô DG@Uö°=/=ñO?=/PMåRLGBE=ODÆDGî8OQPoV¶V¶DÍéR=@ = Vg>UOQV¶BE>UIKBDG>?IKV¶éR>UY¶ëÍVÑ=ÌH/==/V¶÷ÑL@øùRPG>UúCBË@?IR=r>UDGOQëÍ=/LÆDG=V¶FV¶@3O =Eò\@?ã =rS6=rï FëÍB =VÑâ@U= á#V¶DÍâ å=/DEä>U> ëÍéOV¶=­î8O?IKV¶èÁBRDÍBKD ðð FI“IK>YN€PoüýBRV¶DEäC>3V¶O+BKPoè =â@?èÁì BRF @ ëÌâ IE=/L¯FIRV¶LÍD= â IEO?V¶O?FB°IKFV¸DGI“LÌ>UVÑBEFDËB â ê+â VÑ>?=ë@ FUëÍëÍ= =3á#>UIRâ@?åEã =V¶=>#DaV¸>UOCû>?A¥B*IEPÍLÍ@UL°BKWd@U=/=/FOU>O â â â:ã ìÍâ VÑBLÍDÍãI“å > > IIKá#V¶DÍâ:=/IKãL±DGVÑ=/IRVÑDDEåR> = TN€ó DÍüý=á =rä LÍ÷ O\ãÍ“ìBKúTèMV¶Y¸IKILÍDGO L¯BEóDV¶=DaBRVg> >\DGO V¶=Da=>:>?ö°=/÷ PMùKYÑY¶úz=/VÑò @?åEV¶==DaDG>F=FBRê+DGVÑO >?ëÌû=@\A6=óÌY¶=/þF>?ÿR@UBR=/DÍ@?DGV¸F=O/Y\ò/FäXBRD:DGPÍOQ@?>?BR@ ì>?BRF>d>?ñaV¶BRPÍD ð ì ì â â:ã V ÑDa>Q>?>U=/VÑ\DÍYÑY¶V¶åV¶ååR=>?DMëÍ@?= F= =(> ø =IRDGOQVÑ@?>?Y¶YV¸=/F O/ëÍOdî…>U=/PÍ@UL IK@U>?BU=/Iã OÈâ I ã IK
< Y¶DÓ= R < VÑ=DaCöÍ>?II=/@?ì =rL°PÍOdV¶> Y¶B6=OJPÍIKO?Y¸DGI—FñR=L DG=@…âIR@?I BV¶ì BGB°>?î LÍB OJê+â ëÍBKI“èC=>?@UV¸>?F=ÖëGIR=*YÑIýY¶ñ#YÑV¸ëåEOQñ>?==PoDÍDG=/BK=@U>?@ IKëGO3>?==/>?PÍO8V¸@?FåE=rIRBOQYÉ=/BDaIL>JPÍ>?Y¸BI—V¶ñ=>?DaYÑëGV¸>?OQ= ð>UO/î ã â:ì â ì á â:ã >?BKI—B é—>?ëGIRâ =VÑY¸@ IRI O6DGëÍIKYÑ= åEB“=´êVg> IROOQDGV¸âF6LËìFê+BRO?ëGDaV¶F€>U==FD¯DaBR>?>/Y¶Y¶ëÍòR=/=S6Fn>UëGâVÑBE=#ì D:I O?IRV¶FOT
< ê6ê€RIR=/?ñRñRëÍ=/=r=6@L±IRIROUO?DGO?=/BL±O(FI3IRV¶IKPÍY¶>?BPÍ=rF/@UL IK=/YâFV¶IK=>?>U=/IKLMðÅV¶V¶çnD°=ò èÁDaBR>U@ ûâ A I“>U
< VÑBEKD*UëÍVÑüÈBEVgDG>U= =/O/FîÍã > IK=ì DGY¶@UV¶L¯= =éR>UV¶=:D±B*>?IR>UëÍëÍLÍ=/= LÍ@?=:@?á =rV¶O?â:OO€ã I*>?V¶ëG=F=/DaB O?>Uâ =Rûò â A BEPGD@?BROQ=Wd> =/FnBK>#èxêCLG=3I“>UVÑDI éEâ =/OQIR>?DGV¶åEIKI“åE>U= =3â DÍ==Daê¥>#DÍL°=/V¶@?=/=rLÍFnOÐ>?V¶BKBRèDMO6á VÑâ Dä#ûIRACPÍóÈPÍY¶Vgþ ð >?ëÍ=ÉäXê€D =r>UIKëÍYÑ>?=ëFBRIEèxOQ=ÿDÍBKB“èÐê+>?Y¶ëÍ=/=L°åEI =:â I
< ã KB PÍâ:Y¸I—ì ñROQ=/V¸@ÉFPÍV¶D @U=èÁ=/VÑ@?å =/ì DG@?F= =rOÐøEîFBR>?DaëÍ>U= IRVÑâ DG=/IKLV¶D V¶DV¶L°>U=rëÍIÆ=V¶PGO Y¶I—>UBñY¶V¶=OQö°>ÐPÍY¶Y¶BRBRåaVÑ>O

networked sensors

meta information (logs)

light active space bloodpressure heartbeat

"amP2P" player

log

active space speech

"generate a playlist of the available content that fits the likes and moods of all current listeners"

music MP3 Device

phone PDA PC

content

home network internet heterogeneous peers freedb.org itunes.com

weather.com

rollingstone.com

 

            "!#$ %'& !#$ %)(+*-, .0/ 213 %45.(6$7 8 .9 : ; Uâ VÑBE=DGDaO/> î ê+ëÍ=@U= á#âã VÑ=/Da>UûA DÍB°L°=rO6>?ëGIK>#DÍ=éE=@ â => ã =èÁBE@?=F/IKDOd>UVÑY¶YTFBBEPM=/@UIK>?=Rò r htsui3^QlnmYo+g0icpcq á â:ã V¶=Da> ûÐA!DÍ=/=/LÍOË>?BÖ>UIRÿR=V¶Da>?BÖIEFFB ì Da>*>UëGI“>^æ â B ã VÑY¶=rçËL°=éV¸F=/O BKæ‡L°èÊ>U=/=éD V¶FëG=/O(I—éR@ IK=±DÍèÁåE==xêÎèÁ@U@?B =râ OQB >?ì ëÍ@U=#F=/?=/ê+@ Dâ >?OÉBBKO èâ NCIKw(v:F/îIK@ â LÍO6= â ÷ xKBEúÍ@?BRñE@î(>UDÍ= =â >dêCPM=/BR@U@UIKÿ^> ì IK@UDG=+L OQ=/ã DGI“O?>?BR>?@ =/OU@?çñ ò ^Ql2y3z{b|m}g+i~faztpUm€fag+hjiwq üýëÍV¶YÑ=3êC=Ð@U=/FBRåRDGVÑH/=+>?ëGIK>#L°>V 8=@U=Da>+L°=éV¸F=rO â IRDGIKåE=ÐL°MV o=/@Qð =Da>*OQ= â IKDa>?V¸FOê+ëÍV¸F ë V â PGYÑV¶=/O­IÈDÍ==rL^èÁBE@ÉëG=>?=/@?BEåR=/DÍ=B ì OOUF ëÍ= â IÌ@?=ð â IRPÍPÍV¶DÍå

OOQìVÑ> PÍì PMI“BE>?V¶@QBR>DÌæê+IÍò ëÍÿo=ò IÍ@U=:ò IKY¶Yâ L°B=LÍé=V¸YF=/â OÐIKBRDGPoIR=åR@ =I“â>U= =/ìDaDG>  LÍ=÷ @3î/I*ø KFúÊB çâÉîV¶â DÖBE>?DëÍV¸åRO Y¶B PGã IKIRPoYT=OU@ F ëÍêC= =¯â IEIÍO?ò O á ìÍâ O >?=ëGI= èO?ì F ëGDG=Fâ>?V¶BRI#DGBEIRPMYÑVÑ=/>d@UñËIK>?BR=/èTL3>?ëGBE=D á#ã ñâ:>?ã ëÍVÑ=6=/DEï > ì ûÐ=@UAñÐO?PGF @?ëGB°= Fâ =rO?IÉO?BRVÑDa@T>?ê+=/VÑåRY¶@ YI“VÑDG>UVÑFBE@?D±=rIRFO?B VÑDGâ åRPMY¶ñ BEDÍã ==/DaF>#B â =éE=€BRI Y¶éRéa=rV¶O@?îa> >?ì ëGIR= Y O?F ëG= â I>?ëGIK> â I—ñ±L°V>8=@+ê+V¸L°=/YÑñËèÁ@?B â >?ëÍ=JY¶B°FIRY…O?F ëÍ= â IÉOQ>?BE@?=rL±IK>+=/IRF ë¯DÍB°L°=Eò r m€fam d3o0mYl ztbezti~f q üÈ=IEO?O ìÍâ =>?ëÍ= ì OQ=/@6>?B ã =JVÑD DGIRYTFBEDa>?@UBRY8BKè(LÍI“> IÉPÍY¶IEF= â =/Da> ìIKDGO?=LÈ@ ì O­@U=ê+PÍVÑY¶Y¶V¶Y F/I“ê6>UVÑIKBEDaD…>­ò>US6B^ëÍV¶ëGOJI—â IEéRO?=O ìÍ>UëÍâ = P°>U VÑDGBEIRDÈY V¸OêCBRâ @ IEL L°BE= D ã =rëÍFB“I êì OQO?= F/IKV¶DÆ@ FO =^â æ‡IKOQY¶>?Y BE@Uâ IRBåRã=rãÍçV¶YÑì= @U=/L°O?=/B éaì V¸@ FF=r=rOO î IKOd>U@U@ = ì Fn> OQì =r@?L=ròO­S6O ëÍì V¶F OëýV¸O3IEI±O­ûOI XÐS+IKOÌV¶DÆ÷ L°°V¸OQî >?“V¶ú DGFnIK>UDMVÑBEL DÌþÍê+ûÐVÑû3>?ëÆþ¥BK>?÷gø ëG“=úz@3î(ê€ê+BEëÍ@?=ÿ@U=BEDÈLÍIKL°>UV¸IÆOd>UPÍ@?V Y¸IRF=>U=/â LÈ=DaLÍ>*I“> V¶I O L°=>U=@ â VÑDÍ=rLOQBEYÑ=/YÑñ ã ñ­>UëÍ=O?ñOQ>?= â ò ã ì â ì ì icz{f.s h\ mYg+o0`kzjq
OQá#=/â@?V¶Bã ì VÑ=/O DaV¶>UDaû>?A2=@UDÍVÑ=DG>QëÍU
dR=êC< BR@?@U=rOQÿ°OQñ°V¶O:OQY¶VÑ>?=/F= DGIRâDF=¯â:F =¯ì ëGOQIKï > @ IRã VÑF>?=É>?==ëÍ@UL°VÑV¸åEñOd>UëÍDGV¶Y¶F/I ñ¯OJ@UBKV¶=/FËè3O?V¶VÑN€YÑD V¶=ëGDaBROd> >U@ @ L >UB±Fn÷ K> DGú6B@?èÁLÍ=EBRî=:@ÉIRè‡ÿRIRDG=VÑL Y=/ì PÍIR@UV¶=/DaDÍO/ñå ò >?Vg> ëÍ=Éì O?DÍ=/=O(>d>Uê€ëÍBE=3@?ÿN€ëGFBRBE@ DÍL DÍ=rFn>?=rL\B“> éEI =ã @ Y¶=+Y¶BR>UDGBåËFBEPoDG=OQ@U>?VÑB°@ ì LÍFnO>xBKBEèxD°>?ðÅV >?â ëÍ==Eð ò8GüýñÉIëÍ=DÈ=ö°=/F ì >?V¶DÍ(åèÁBRI±@€ï ï ì ì =/=/@?@?ñEñ î ì ì ì ì >?=ô V¸ö°Fì =/V¶@ÐPGF I“IE>?>UO?V¶=O BRìÍD±V¶Dâ P P°BR>UDÍ@UVÑ= PMBEDBaì OQO?V¶=r=O#O@ÐòÍ>?ïëGþ ìIK> =F @Uë¯ê+ñ±IëÍIKV¶DM@?YÑ=ÉB L¯I*>?>?ëV¶ï DÍì ì åO6=>?@U>U@UñË==DG=@ LÍì BRO#DGDÍO/>?Y¶BîÍñ*>Uã FëÍBE==:DaY¶@U>UV BâIKìV¶DGVÑ>U>?O€VÑ=rDGL>?å­ëGVÑBE>?D@UO?==ÐO?=:VÑDÍH/OQ=:B°>UL°I—IK=rñ°DMO€O+L±>?V¶ëGY¶DaVÑIKèÁ>U=IE>6>?FnVPM>â IKæ=R@?I ð ò DÍï ìB°=L°@U=ñËè‡IKFV¶B Y ìì Y¸@?L =Ðã>?ë =Jì @?O6=>?Y¶=/@UIEVÑ=rLÍLGO€çnò>?B­ï ì =@Uñ è‡IKV¶Y ì @?=Eî ãGì >6>?ëÍ=JO?ñOQ>?= â OQ>UI—ñ°OxV¶Da>UIEFn>#IKDGLË>?ëG= ì ì ì â ìÍã ã ëÍIROUVÑåEO ìÍëÍþâY¶VÑVÑDMåEP°FëE>U=+>6VÑBEB >UDëÍ@´= >?ëMê€â I“BEIR> @?VÑÿ:>UDëÍ>?L°=B VM8FF BR=ëÍY¶@UYÑ=/==rODGFn>UFVÑ=/PMBEO/DBEò D BKè´PGIKIRD@Qñ>UV¶O FVÑPMI“ð >?V¶=DÍY¸LÍåËO(O?BRVÑ>?è…C=/LÍO>?I“=rIK> F DMI ëÍLDÍIEBRFOQY¶B =+BRâÉåE@Uñ­=/âO?ê€=/ì IRDÍBE@UV¸@?F Fÿ°ëTIKO >?÷ÑøV¶ì BRÍDGDî?LÍøE>?=øBE@6úzPMîK>?êCBEëGYg== ð á#â:ã >?BRåR=/åR=/F IRñÌëG@?DÍ=rV¶OJLBRY¶ÿBR>?DÍB“åEB“ê6ñËê+IKV¸D@ O+LÍ>?IO ëG=:ê+PÍ@U@UF VÑIRì BEPÍ@U@?PÍ@UVÅ=òV¶DÍDaS6> å±ëÍIKIRV¸OJPÍDGPGLV¶O@?BaV¶DÍDaIRBK>?F =>Jë±åE>U@U>?ëÍIKB*=*>?ëÍV¶DÍF=å±IE>?OQ=/OQ= @?>UBEIKV¶åRD >?=V¸FDGIR=YÑB Y¶ñì O+VÑF=/O?BEDEF D > ëÍ ûÐ= å âAì òI­@?=rVÑLDa>UF=B åRâ:@ I“ã >UV¶VÑDGBEI“D…>Uî VÑBEãÍDGì OÐ>BKV¶O è ã ìGâ â ã D>?ÍLÍ@ B°I“IK> L°Y¶I VÑ=±H/=/IEV¸L­OOQ=rLÍ>?OëÍIKò“=^>UäXI D æ‡ã ê€IR=rO?= IKÿROQ=/=/@ @?ç:éE=F@´Y¶VÑB“=/éEDa=>/@xîxI>?>?ëG=rDGIKF IK> ëÍ@UDÍ@?IKB“BR>ê Y¶BR>UVåEF â ñRëGî“=rIRBEO­DÍDÍDÍOQ=+=ñYÅåRDGò =/F á DÍëÍåE=@UBR@ IRIKDGVÑDTY¶VÑYÑH/îKñÉ=/>?OIRëGOUV¶ê+OCO VÑIR>?OUë O =rìGOO?â B >?â ëMPÍI“>?=ËV¶>´BRëÍ>UDË=rëÍI—L°= éBñ =rO´B FDÍ=V¶D°BRY¶=>ð ëÍIKDGBRY¸LLIRëÍL°=/ðÅ@?ëÍ=EB°ò FÐ>?V¶BEDGPMIKBEY¶YÑYÑñEBEîoåR< V¶=/KO/< ò€X#B“êC=éR=/@/îa>UëÍÉ=JO?ñPÍOQ@U>?B“= éaâ V¸L°O=rL*÷Ñø èGì î DM FnxK>?úV¶BRL°DMB¯IKOY¶Vgì >dPGñ¯PML°BEB@Q=/>3O+DÍDÍBRBRDÍ>+ðzFåR=B Da>?ã @ =/IKñRY¶VÑBEH/DG=/LL OQV â PÍYÑ=JÿE=ñêCBR@ L >?=öa> O?=/IR@UF ë æ‡IEO6BRPÍPoBEO?=/LË>?B­OQ>?@ ì Fn> ì @U=/L¯ûÐAï ì =@UVÑ=rOUçò








 









 

!"$#%&%(')*+,+.-/-0'1-2#

435+.-2*+6+0-2*-.'-7#

98.':;+0-2*-.'-7#

< =:;#>?-% 

@

% $6 $ A D H   -6  !#$ %)(+*1 4!A D2& 9  $)( BG D L ;    M64B76a1E  M# 4ABO# /.  6 M# 4AB.(+* IL ;   -L IJI ; E I 6 M# 4AB.(+* O#M# 4AB.(+*O I 6  * !% D.(4A -#2>6$ABD G J L  :7YZ [K\ V(] :M^[K\ V;] /

_::a`

94

b

;

Z\[c

\z{ Wg+z{s 

d.

äXê€D¯=3þèÁB°=rFnF >?ì V¶O+BRD BRD°îï êCì ==@ULÍñË=/=OUöF@U=rV F ã ì =#>UVÑ>UBEëÍD±=3V¶åRD =DGá#=â@ IKã Y8V¶=IKDa@ F >UëÍûVgA>U=/îÍF>B ì ì @U>U= YÑV¶DÍBRV¶è DÍá#å­âVÑ>Uã O6VÑ=/>UëÍDa>U@?û=/=AÐðzYÑò°=/éRäXD=/Y…þï =rì Fn=>?@UV¶BRñËD =ö°°=ò  ð Fï ì ì >U=VÑ@UBEVÑDË=rO­PÍæ‡@UIKB°DMFLÈ=/OUO/@U=îEê+ê+@UëÍVÑ=/>Q>?@?=/=ÐDMåRç Y¶B ã ã =IRèÁBRYo@UI = ã OQã >?=/@ VÑIRDÍFnå>6=ï ö°ì =/=F @Uì VÑ=r>?O€=/L IR@?IE=ÐO­VÑDMæ Odâ:> IKì DaYg>U>?VgV¸ðdI“ç>U=/QLËê6I—IEéROx= åEËYÑB LÍã IKIK>UY8I FMBEB“DGê'F@UBR=PÍ>U= ð =X @ IRI“O?>?ë*BE@+SPÍI Y¸ã IKY¶DG=/O O#B“æOû éR=XÐ@#S+I­OUUâVÑDÍã å V¶=>UDa@?>U=/û=RòMA äXDÌIROxþLG=/FI“>?>UV¶I BRã D IRO?x =6êCVÑDM=:L°L°V¶F=/=/OUO€F@UBRV D ã =JåRY¶ëÍB B“ã ê¥IKY°ûÐ> I V¶OQã >?Y¶@U=/V O/ãGîEì IR>?DG=rLL OQá ëÍèÊB“>?ê=/@ÐëÍB B“ì ê >?Y¶V¶DÍ>?ëÍVÑDG=rå±OQ=±O?BFâIKD^=:BEBRP°è(>?>?V âëÍ= VÑH/â =­IR>?DëGñ±=ËBEï PMì =/=DÌ@UVÑ=rF OJëGIKDÍY¶=/Y¶==/DÍL°åE=r=/L O ã IRñÌDGL>?ëÍL°=¯V¸OUI F â ì OU
< OQV¶RDÍ< å*â:@U=ì Y¸I“O?>UV¶F*=/LPÍêCY¶I—BRñE@U=ÿ8@rîò ê€=JFBEDGFY ì L°=JV¶Dþ=/F>?V¶BRDùGò 2


àTÙ€Ú 
ÛGß àdÚ\ßoÚ°Þ Û 

äXS6D:ëÍ>U= ëÍ=xèÁBEYÑY¶B“ê+V¶DÍåGî—êC=CL°=rO?F @?V ã =x>UëÍ= \â åEIKVÑéEWd=/BRO@IKIKPÍ@ F PGëÍYÑV¸VgF>UIK=/F>?V¶> BRì DG@ O\IKY>?ëGFB =6â I ãPoV¶BRYÑVÑDG>d=ñJDa>?>UB3OBK=öè =rá#F â:ì >Uã =+VÑ=/ï DEì > =ûÐ@UVÑA=rO ò BRLÍDI“> Iæ‡Iã IEO OQìÍ=#ã BEO?=D*>>UBKëÍè = ç3ì IKDGY¶VÑYxBEIRDËLBKðzëÍèTB°IRF YÑYoF> BEI DÍã DÍY¶=/=/O€F>?ëÍ=r=LÈY¸L­L°BE=/D±éV¶IKF=/Y¶Y8OOQIE=/YÑO3=rFnVgè6>?=rVgL*>ê6L°=/IRéaOJV¸FI=rOï òì S6=/@?ëÍñV¸OC>UV¶BOx>?IëÍ=ÐF=èÁDaB°>UF @Uì IRO Y BKèB S6ì @6ëÍ= PGIRPM=/@/ò   oBKè á â:ã V¶=Da>UûA ì OQ=rO¯N€ëÍBE@UL¥÷ “úÐ>?B FBRDÍDÍ=rFn>±IRYÑYÐDÍã B°L°=/O èÁVÑIRD¥BROJ@+ûÐI V â V¶@UOQPG>?=/@UO?YÑ=VV¶ãGYÑâ V¶ì==/Da>?Da=r>±>?L V¶ê6DÍXÐå I—ñRIRåRî+O?Y¶ëÆB IRã DGSIRL I YMã > IEYÑI =rO*ã O­>UY¶=3ëÍæ‡Hû = VÑDMX L°S+V¶IRFO O?=/V¶çnOO ò =IKN€Y¶D3ëÍ=åEBRBRIRPo@ DaL=>/D°ê6îðXO?O?IRV B âO ì O?PÍ@ =FY¶Y¶=(==/ñRFV â >?==r>…PGLÌPMYÑ= B“IRâ êCOÐ=/=VÑDa@?>è >UìPÍI“YR@U>UB“HûVÑBEéX DJV¶LÍS3IR=/OO î/êCê+IR=VgD >UY¶ëY âì ã á VèÁ¶IRO…BRO…@I+O?VPMOUFBaIRO?Y¶O?Y¸I VI“ãã >?YÑY¶BEñ¯=(@…YÑëI—Bé“ì BRIKåRÿ V¶=Éì Y¶I P3IKDGIKYÑ=EDMLò L3< @?>TKB U>?O…ädV¶FDÍ< BRå+@UB“O?=RéRF îr=ëGN€@U= Y¸ëÍâ I—BEñË= @UL DÍ=>dê€BE@?ÿ°O â IRLÍ=:B ì >ÐBKè ì DÍ@?=/YÑV¸I ã YÑ=ÉFBRDGDÍ=/Fð >?I“V¶>?BRV¶DGDÍåÌO/ò8>?ôÐ= âDPo>UBRBRP@ IKBK@Uñýè>UæÁëGY¶BRI“åR>rîGV¸F>UIRëÍY¸=çá#@?B âì >?ã V¶V¶DÍ=åÌDa>U>?û@U=A¥=/OÉ?B B°ì F>?BEV¶YTDÍIRåÌLÍ>?LG@UO6==/è ìO/î\DGF>?ëG>?V¶IKBR> DGIRIRYÑ@?VÑ=>dñËì èÁOQBE=r@ÐL^FèÁ@?BE=@ð @?ï B ì ì =>?@UV¶ñRDÍî°å êCï =3ì F=BR@UDGñ O?OQV¸>?L°@U==/@6I >Uâ ëÍO=JîDÍIKB°@U=L°=O ìÍ>?ãëGåEIK@U>#IRV¶PÍOUëGO ì Ox=/BKOCèT>U>UëÍëÍ==ï N€ì ëÍ=BR@UñË@ L*IRDÍO6=@U>dBê€BKBE>r@?ò ÿ8òaüýëÍ=D¯PÍ@UB°F=/OUO?VÑDÍåI â á#âã â ã =#ûVÑ>?ÐëÍA6S6=/@€óÌëÍ=V¶DaþG >?çn=òK@UäXDGD:IR>?YÑëGY¶ñ IK>(VÑDËFF/B IRIRO?D*=RPMîr= BE>?âëGDÍã =C=Da=rY¶LÍ>(B°L°FBKIR=rè YLËûLÍA^IK>UFIVÑ=/B ã Daâ IR>UO?ûPM=RBEAîRDÍBE=DÍ@xDaB°V¶>´DËL°IR= O?FB >Uâ OI—IR= ñ:O=OQI öa>?BE>UQ=@?ê+@U=6DG@ VÑIKIK>UOPÍYoPoLÍB“ê+=I“@> DÉ#I:YÑFO?B°B B Fâ ì IR@ YPMF>UBE=I DÍæÁ==RYÑDa=rò åG>/Oîòî âVÑFDaB >?I—â =/ñ­@Qâ è‡DGIEBRBKFDG>+= YÑVñ ââ ìI—PÍñO?Y¶==/âLýã ==/V¶DED IR> O L°ì O?V¸P8OQV â>?LÍ@UIKVPÍãÍ>?Y¶=ì=>?IKIR=/DMLOÐL­W LÍ>?ì @ I“OQIK> >­DMI IÆãO?IEIEO?FnOQ=/>?=ïV¶BRì O?D¯ñ°=DaOdO >U>Uì = V¶PÍIRâ PMY6OÆBEOU@QF÷g>#IRø D…—IRúzDGòPòCL*X#S6B“VÑëÍ>UêCO6= =V éEâ…=B°PÍ@rFîTYÑ=IRVÑâYÐè û=â DaA BR>?=r@UL¯=¯â ïïI—ììñ =/=/@?@?BEññ @ IKY¶åR= S6ã ëÍ@UI6= PÍ!@UV â VÑ>?V¶#éR=r" O\IR@?=€O ì PGPM%BE@Q$ >U=/Lî/>?ëÍV¸IKO\Y¶YÑPÍB“@?ê#B“OéV¸á L°â:=/O\ã ï V¶ì=Da=>U@UûñÐA^BEP°DÍ>?VB°â L°VÑ=rHrOI“>?>UB3VÑBEFDBBRBRPÍPoPo=@ BRI“@?>U> =ì DÍì VgDG>UVÑL°=r=O@ ò ã â â ã ì éaIÌO ì V¶=O?PGê6ëGPMIKð BEã@U@Q=/IE>+L OQèÁ=rBEåEL@ YÑBOUO?F F ëÍIKëG= YC= â â O?F I I ëÍâ = =éEIKBRPGIY PÍì =VÑ>?DGéEV¶BRåE=D^D¯O+÷ ê+VÑrúè#zVgò>U>?ëÍáëÍV¶=/D­Dñ^BRBROdèÊDÍ>U>?=BR=D @UOU=ËF èÁëÍBELÍ@?= I“åEâ > BKIIG>?>?îÍV¶=D O D ì L°F L°ë±VMV oâ >U=/ëG=@?=/DGI“Da>ÐO?> VÑBE=RD OUò åGF ëÍëÍòÍ==BE@UY¶L=+IEV¶L°OO´î=/PÍéa@?V¸ñB“Fé=rO#V¸L°O?FVÑV¶DGIRDÍDåå ã â á#âã >?ã ëÍIR= =JO?V¶PÍF(IR@Uè BLÍì ã =3DGYÑFn=>?>UB­â VÑBEêCDGBKBRIKè@UY¶FVÑÿ­>dBRñÐDMê+èÁOdVgBE>U>U@\@ëì IRFDÍPÍ>?=PÍV¶êCDÍY¶ñaå=V¶@+DÍâ åMBEIKDÍîrPÍOQ=/>UPÍO/IEò V¶F DÍ&#ÿaåaBRV¶O+DÍ>?åMI=3ìî>?OQ>UëMëMB I“IKâ > @UI“VÑDÍ>UåMV¶F/îIK=/Y¶V¶éRYÑ=ñEBRDaî Y¶>UéãÍûVÑì DGA > å#IKIKVÑ>UV DGâ O?LJ=O+YÑè(PGI“@?L°>+BEBPGPÍ=/IK@UO+B“åaDÍéI“BRV¶>?L°V¶> DÍV¶DÍI“å+>?åÉO >Uì IR>?ëGF F ëÿ = â IRPÍPÍV¶DÍåEOJ÷Ñø KúÅò "$#%&%(')*+

j!)

`

J1 )#1#

J/ 2:

AmbientDB



Query Processor

Local DB

XML schema integration

P2P network chord

other AmbientDB instances

RDBMS

Local DB is a wrapper around any (external) data store.

s -2:

1>!)8-

% !*/1-2&(2

J  \






[0Z



m€fQm(' h r zto

#á â:ã ã VÑ=/DE> ûÐAÖì PÍ@UB“éV¶L°=rOIì OQ>UIRDGLÍIR@Uì L@?=/Y¶IK>?V¶BRDGã IRYÍLÍI“> I â B°L°=/YGã IKDMLÉI3OQ>UIRDGLÍIK@ L@?=/Y¶IK>?V¶BRDGIRY èÁIKLÍ@?Y¶I“BEåR> DE= I >?ðÅ@UVÑ=/DI­DGLGOIEì çO F òïë¯S6ëÍ>U=I=x@Uã ñËï YÑì=rY¸IKO=/DG@?â V¶å =/I—O8ñIR>UåRëGã =*I“=>æÊ>UIOdë>UìBROQ@UO =/=/@…L¯VÑ>ÐPoVÑê+DBEO?V¶â=/Y¶Y O…IKIRD=:@?ñ±==rèÁDÍIRBEB°O?@ VÑL°âY¶ñ±=/ì O#PoY¶IKFBE>?BROU=rDÍO?LVDGIR=/Y¶FnåE=J>UIR=/>UVÑB*L¯DGOQ=RV¶> Dò åG>?òoëÍF= @U=/á I“>U>Uâ:I =:ã ã IKYÑV¶=rDÌ=ODaòþ>US6û)#ëGA  = èÁUÿ8=/Lò á O?=>+ï ì BK=è@UDÍñ B°âL°=/I—O6ñ BEã @+=­=éEIK=DGDO?êCIK=åE@UIR=/VÑLDMOdBR>#DGIKYÑY¶ñY@UBE=/DIRF >?ëMëGI =ã Y¶Y¶B°=ÐFDGIKBYLÍDÍ=/B°O/L°ò =Eî8BR@ ì OQV¶DÍå¯LÍI“> I s: .'-2:

\S\V¶I å ã ì YÑ=3@?=´æ‡ùÐûOQS#ëÍç\B“BRê#@O?ëGIK@?IK>?>/VÑî/>?I#V¶BRåRDÍY¶=rB Lã IRSYKI >Uã I Y¶ã =Y¶=xæ?ëÍDÍ=/B°@\L°IK=€D ëMTIRB°OFI#IKYEPÍS\@UV¶I é—ã IKYÑ>?=Ð=6æ O?°F S#ëG=çnâî—ûÐIÍV¶î—OQV¶>?D:@UV ê+ãGì ëÍ>?V¸=rF ëL O>?? ëÍF ëÍ=  = ?=ëG>dÈêCIK>ÉæBR°@UFS#ÿ±BEç*DaF/>UIKFIK@UIRV¶@?D^D ñåRãI­Y¶=ÆB > ã I L°IKã = Y(Y¶ =:> DÍI V¶=rDGã LOQY¶>U=/ò+IROA€DGF=r=OQîTV¸L°BR =rè+O*òê+
x>UëÍëGIRV¶I“F F ëÖë>rî Y¶IKB°á Y¶FYxâ:IRPGYTã IRV¶V¶@QDG=>UDaOdV¶> >UFIKûVÑPGDGAIKF>?= V¶O DÍ ì åPÍPoDÍâ BRB°I—@?L°ñ>U=rO±OIKåRY¸ O?Y¶BB ã ã V¶IRD = Y IROQ=F>6F=/BROUè\OQ=rDÍLB°L°IE=rO( O I Ô°S >UëGV¶I“D >+>?PGëGIR=#@Qï>UV¶ì F=VÑPG@UñIK>?DÍ=B°VÑL°D=RO?òaB S6â ëÍ=3= åRY¶B ã IRYoï ì =/ @?ñEîÍIRO€ >?ëÍæ‡= ûì S#DGç(VÑBEV¸O´D±L°BR= è\ Y¶DÍB=/F/LÉIKYoB“>UéRI =/ã @(Y¶I= VÑBKDGè OQá >UIRâ:DGãF=rV¶=O(DaI“>U>´ûIKA Y¶Y°L°DÍ=/B°éL°V¶=rF=/O O\>? ëGIK>DG ‰E=éR”rˆ=/‰@ â = > ã =èÁBE@? =Eîrò > á ì PÍOY¶êC=/O =+â O ì I—PGñ PMã BE=C@Q>x@U=IEPGLYÑðÅV¸ëGFIKB>?FC=/FL:BI“BE>PMé—=/IR@UIK@?V¶>?B V¶BRì D O DÍV¶O+B°I L°=/O?O€PMê+=rFVgV¸>UIKëÍY¶BVÑHrì I“>x>?V¶>?BRëGD±=ÐBKO?è\ñOQ>?>?ëÍ= =Jâ L°V¸ÿaOdDG>U@?B“V ê+ãÍìVÑDÍ>Uå3=/L±>UëÍ>UV¸I O ã ã Y¶=R=î°èÁBEê+@?ëÍ=/ëG=/@?IK=JDGL…IKY¶òaY S6ëÍ=    Dæ‡=r ã =>dêC==DIKY¶YDÍB°L°=rOòGôÐDÍ=JFIRD¯FBRDGO?V¸L°=@+IÉ?=/DE>#O?DGIKPMOQëÍBR> éa=öÍV¶=IRê F>3BKïèÍì>UëÍ=/@?=+ñI ã IROQDG>?OQ@ êCIR=F@ >TO>UI Fã IKY¶DÈ=Rò BKá èÊ>U=U=­Vg>UVÑFBEB DÍâ =/L:P ì S\>?I =rãLÌYÑ=CV¶DÆëGIEIROTDÌ>UëÍ=­=6IRFVÑL°=/é“DaIK>JDaLÍ> IKV¶OQåR>?=€@UV B“ãGéRì =/>?@\=rILûÐè‡IRS O?ëÍ>?V¶ëGBRIKD…> î ã ñ ã @?BaIRLÍF/IROQâ >?V¶â:DÍåËì Iï ì =@UñIKDMLY¶=>Q>UVÑDGå=/IRì F ëÈDÍB°L°= FB â P ì >?=­I¯YÑB°FIRY@?=rO ì YÑ>Jê+Vg>UëÍã B ì > DÍV¶O==r=L^*FèÁBRVÑ=/@ DE>UFYÑB ñV â PÍDÍYÑ= V¸â FIK=>?DaV¶BR>?=rD…L òüýã ñëÍI“=>?>?ëÍ>UIR=/F @­ëGIVÑDÍå±> I PÍYÑã=VÑ> PGâ IR@QIR>UPÌV¶FV¶VÑDGPML°I“>?==rö O:æ‡V¶VDÖò =RòIÌI PGã IKB@?>?BRVÑY¶>?=/V¶IRBRDÌDG=/FL^BEY > ìGI â Y¶Do=Rç î   '>UB*=/IEF ë±Y¶B°FIKY…>UI ã YÑ! =  æOQ=/= \V¶å ì @?=JùçnòGS6ëÍV¸O#@U=/ï ì V¶@U=/O6Y¶Vg>?>?Y¶=:Od>UBR@ IKåE=ÐB“éE=@UëÍ=/IELî OPGQV¶IKDG@?F>?=ÐVÑ>?IRV¶BRLÍDÍL°V¶V¶DÍDÍåËåOUBEF DÍëÍ=#= â =öa=r>UO@UòI þ Kì ùKF ð ëÌã VÑPG>xIKV¶DE@?>?>UVÑ=>?åEV¶BR=DÍ@xV¶FDÍBRåËY ìÍOUâ F ëÍD­= â >?B=rO =rIRIRF @?ë =J> >dì ñPÍPÍY¶V¸=ÐFIRO YÑì Y¶ñ*BRF=/DÍO´Y¶ñ¯>?BÉÿR=O ìPÍPG> PMèÁBRBE@Ð@Q> >?ëGRù= L ì @ äXI“D >?V¶á#BRD¯âBKã è(VÑ=/I Da>Uï ûì =AÐ@Uî“ñRLÍîÍIKO ì>UI F ë±PÍY¶>?IEëGFIK= >+â >d=/ñaDaPG>\V¶F/V¸OTIKY¶=YÑöñ*PGDGYÑV¸B FVÑâ >/î“BEIK@?DM=LJ>?ê€ëMIK=xD>?ëÍIÉV¶DÍëGÿ3IKDG>UëGL°I“è ì > Y…ì ê+O?=V¶@ YÑYTOTFO?BB =â ö°=V¶OQ>U>/V â ò =/O DÍ=/IR=F =rë LÉ>?> Bì PÍã Y¶= =¯I—ëGê6IRIKOÉ@U=CI V¶D­?éaê+V¶@?ëÍ> ìV¸F IRë Y DÍB°FL°BRY=+ìÍ>â ì DÖPÍYÑ=rF/O IKY¶ÉYÑ=rOQ%L >?BE$ @?=rLÉ& VÑ(D*'&ÈIJê+ûëÍS#V¸"“F ë?FBÌIK>?>?=/ëÍL…=¯òRS6DÍB°ë L°ì =Oð î V¶IKL°Y¶YÑ=/B“Daê#>?V O ì=@­O?=æ‡@ I±OC>?OQPoB­=/V¶FDaV¶>?IR@UY B°ãÍL ìì V¶FYg=3>?ðÅV¶Y¶DB°Fá I“>Uâ:VÑBEã D°V¶ðX=OQDaPo>U=/ûFVAÏ F3>dñï PMì =—=/ç#@?ñ±ê+@?ëG=r=Od@U>U=:@?V¸Fn>UëÍ>UVÑ=:BEDG> ìO3PÍæÁ@UY¶==> V¸ì O@?YÑD¯B°F/> I“ì >?PÍ=rYÑL=rO+ò8S6BRDGëÍYÑV¶ñ O èÁèÁ@?@?BB ââ >UIKëÍD==OUö°I PÍâ Y¶V¸=#FVÑDG>+BO?LÍ=>#= BRê+èëÍDG=/B@?= LÍ=/O?O/B ò â =#BR>?ëÍ=/@´> ì PÍY¶=/OCê+ëÍ=@U=+èÁB ì DGLGçîEBE@€ï ì =@Uñ> ì PÍY¶=/O€BRDGYÑñ 

s -2:

!-0'):;)#

/

/

/

y$#&%('/+


? $8:2& 0I- #"$ + !+ 

')(  '
 ')%+  "  ! I.L I &MD @E6 .?$8:0/ =  &F )91O*   L +6')+#$! &>*.  L Oa@E$8:NL Ia@E6   $8:  0.91O*   L %%" &>*   L a@P6   $8: JL :F*.  L 7a@E6   $8: 7L  &>*.  L 7a@E6   $8: L  &>*   L 7UéR ã ìBE@UDÍPÍBEDÍY¶IE=/=/LÍO€FF>?èÁIE@UV¶BRBOd>nDGâ ç6OLÍVÑV¶>UI“O OC> I PGO?IK>?=/@UB*LÈ=DaVÑ>U>U>rB O î F L°ëÍ@?=/VÑY¸D…L°î@U=â D…=/ò @?åEá VÑY¶DÍO?åBGî>?ëÍ>UëÍ= â=BKæ >?ì ëGO?=VÑDÍ@ åêCOQI—B ñ â = IR@?BRB Poì =DG@ LI“î>?BEVÑ>@UO çâ ê+I—ñVÑ>?ë­ã =/=IE@?F =rë­F=/BKVÑ>UéëÍV¶=DÍ@CåÆIRLGO´I“êC>UIÌ=Y¶YMèÁ@UIEB O´â ê+VÑVÑ>?>Uë*O­Y¶F B°ëÍFV¶IRYgð Y LÍï ìI“> =IÈ@UñÌIR@DGì L DGO/PMî…IRVgOU> Oâ >UëÍI—=ñÆ@?F=rI O ì ì OQYÑ>?= V¶DÍâåÈì >Yg>Uì VÑPGPGYÑYÑ=r=¯O OQãV â:IRF ì ÿ YÑ>UIR>UBÌDÍ=>UB ëÍì =OJPGO ì IKF @U=ëDa>/ òüý nëÍî =/Dã BRIR>?Dë ìá Pâ:ê6ã IKV¶@ =LÈDa>UIRûDGA L L°B“ê+S6DëÍêC=­IR@U>?LëGò VÑ@ L >?@ IKDMOQY¸I“>UVÑBEDÆPGëGIRO?= èÁBR@Éï ì =@UñÈ=ö=rF ì >UVÑBED^VÑD á#â:ã VÑ=/DE> ûÐA9FBRDGO?V¶OQ>UOBKè >?F@ @UIK=>?DG= O?Y¶BEIK>?PMV¶=/DÍ@UåIK>?>?BRëÍ@ =â FBRIKDGPGFO3@?=BE>?Da=3>?B¯ï ì BR=DÍ@U= ñ*BRPÍ@ Y¸IKâ D¯BRVÑDa@U= >?BêC I—éE=/O/ ò
€IRF nëÈîGêCê+I—ëGéE==R@U=îoVÑ=rDÆIRF > ë±ì @?VÑD DGLÍFVÑBEéDGV¸L OQV¸ì OQIK>UOY\FBKBRè6DÍI ð åRã @ YÑ=_IKPÍxEëçnò BKÍè BR@ ã @?=/éVg>dñE î…VÑD  >UëÍ=*PÍY¸IKDMOJê€=±L°=DÍ:BRæÁ>?>?=­ëÍ=rV¸OÐIRF LGë^I“>ULÍI I“G> B“I ê¥GB“IKê Y¶åR=BRã Po@U=IÉ@ I“V¸>UO BRO?@ ëÍãB“ê+ñÈDIVÑO?DÈV¶DÍS\åRIKY¶= ð YÑ==@ >QI“>?>?=/BE@/@/îMòaIKûÐDGIKL±>UIê€G= B“ìêýOQ=JBRPoIK=D@ I“IR>U@?BR@U@ B“O êýâ åRI—BEñVÑDÍ@Uå =/IEB L ì >#â:BKì èYg>UI VÑPÍãÍY¶ì=8> =ì @+PGYÑ>U=3B OdLÍ>U=@?=rDÍI BRâ >?=O IKãGD¯ì >#V â IKPGY¶êCYÑV¸I—Fñ°VÑ> O(.—PÍ/Š @U9B°‰ L ìBRPÍF= ð W@Uì IKOd>?>#=CBE>?ëÍDÍ@U=3=/IEB Lì >Uî—P >?ëMì I“>#>xOQ>?F@UIR=/YÑIY¸Oâ >?BîÍO >Uì ëÍF =+ë±@?B>?ëGBRIK>(>6IR=rDIRB F ãë¯WdêC=/FI—>(éEåR=@ ðzPÍIKPÍY¸IKëÉDËBKF/èoIKDÍD =/OQã >?=J=rL =ö°=rF ì >U=/L nã îKñËê+BRëÍDÍ=/@?=J=6O?=r=IRPGF IKë ð Vgâ >U=B°@ L°I“=/>?Y+BE@ ÷gø F“BEúÁ@?çn@Uò8=/S6O?PoëÍBR=:DGY¶LÍ=/I—OCéEê+=/O#VÑ>?ëÌBRè(I­>?ëÍLG= I“>ULÍI IKG>UB“I ê¥MB“IKê¥Y¶åRï= ãì @U=/IÉ@?ñBRPoåE@U=IR@ I“PÍ>UëGBRO#@=/æ‡VgV>Uò ëÍ=R=òG@3>?ëÍOU = FIK (DÈBEIY¶F/IK°DÍS3B­îoVÑBR>?@=/@U@?IK=r>?IRBEL @ >FìBRPÍDMY¶OQ=/V¸L°OC=èÁ@@UB I â °IS DÍIR=/Y¶VÑO?åEBë ã I BR@6ãÍì D́8B°=L°@n=3çnò V¶D*) >Uì ëÍ==3@UVÑ@?=rB Oì >?>?ëGV¶DÍIKå>>?F@UBE=DG=O?éaV¶OQV¸>I BKIè Fâ:B â ì YÑâ:>?V¶PÍì Y¶DÍ=*V¶F/ê6I“I—>UVÑéRBE=/D O3PMIR OUOJÐLÍæÁI“êC> I= èÁV¶F/@?BIKâY¶YÑñÉBRëÍDGBR=€Y¸L°>UB3V¶DÍ>?åëÍû= #SBK>?"“ëGUOx=@ PÍO@U>?BëGL IKì >xFIK=r@UL =+ã OQñÉëGIRI@?=rFLBRDMã F=@U>d=êC>?= ==/BRD Poâ:=@ ìI“>?YÑ>?BEV¶@(PÍY¶>?=#ëMêCI“>CI—éEO?==/@UO6éRæÊ=r>dOxñP°IEOð VÑDÍP ì äXD>+èÁBR@+VÑå >Uì ëÍ@U=3= DÍÍ=îöê€>nçn=ò OQëGB“ê2>?ëÍ= â IKPGPÍVÑDGåÈBEDÖê6I—éR=±PÍY¶IRDGOèÁBR@­O?B â =¯FBRDGF@?=>?=IKY¶åR=ð ãæ‡L°@U=/I:PÍBRV¶FPo>?==r@ L I“>Uã BRñÌ@ OI±òaS6ëÍëÍ==/öÍO?IR=ÐåRBRBEDoPMçn=/ò8@UIKS6>?ëÍBE@U= O>dñPÍ(V¸PÍFIRY¸IKYÑY¶DGñ OÐã èÁ@UBRBE@ IELÍFIEOd>´>Uî ëÍ=V¶@6B“î ê+DËï ì =@UæÊñ >UBR@?PM=rçï î…ì IK=/DGOQ> LÌ >?@ ëGOQ=> èÁê+BRVg@U>U=ëÍV¶åRB D°ì ðz>\ÿRè =/ì ñ @?>?•—ë͈—=/”@\‰ FæB ã â BKâ:>?>?Bì âDÍV¸ç´FIK=>?ö°V¶=/BRFD…ì òr>?S6= ëÍI = ãGã ì @?oBaIR=/@QLÍðÅF/>?IRBROQð ./>ãG’“•—ì ˜rˆ“o’“”Š=/‰ –@´æY¶âB9 F/ V¸IK —LÍY͑ L°BEY¶=rPMˆ/çn=/ ‘ îr@U “ëÍIK’rB“>?‘ BEêC@(=éEVÑD­=@r=rîIRPÍF @Uë BLDÍìB°L°F=r=RO î ãPGI @?IK> Ba@?ì >?IRPÍVÑLÍ>?Y¶V¶F/=+BRIROdD…OQ>U>?î°@?=r=rPGL I @?âB°°L S>Uì ëÍF>?@?VÑB±DGB å ì IKåRY¶IÉYTë:VÑ@U>U>?=/O ëÍO =+ìF ëGYÑDG> VÑ=Y¸ãÍL°>dêCì@U=8BRD…@U=îÿo@+ãòrV¶äzD¯=>xèÁBR=rO?@UIRPÍ=F YÑVÑë¯>U=Oö°DÍ=/>UB°FëÍL°ì =+=R>?V¶V¶ò DGDÍFå­B >Uâ ëÍV¶=DÍå3Y¶B°OdF>UIK@?YG=rWdI BRâ V¶DFê+BRDaVg>U>UëIRVÑDGVg> VÑO DÍåÐY¶B°>?FëGIR= Y ã ã ì â Oê+?F/ëÍIKV¶D°S6F ðXë ëÍOQ=/=IKYÑ=r@ULÍFn=±>rI“î…> IRI YÑï Y#Gì B“OQV¶>?ê!F @Uÿa=/ðXIKI OQBEY¶â åR@Q= ð>rã î IE@Uâ IÆOQ=r=/LBE@?åEPMIK==/ð¶DM@UWdIKLBR>?V¶BRD…@U@ =/î8O­ï ëÍì O?=/V¶ëÍIR@?B“P°=¯ê+ð ãYÑDÖVÑIR>Q>UO?V¶YÑ=/D = LÌâS>?IBR= PÍâ Y¶ð = BE&9@?xñ IKDMæLÈI“O?=Ì>­BEYÑ@UIR=rLÍO­IR=OQIR@U>­=/YÑåELÌDÍBRB @UIRVgåR>Uâ åEë @?BE=/@?åEO­=±I“@?>?>U=rëGVÑBEOQIRPTD…D òî >?IKëÍY¶YÑ= B“êÏâ >?= ëGâ = BRá @Uñ â:ì ã O?V¶=/=DaL >Uû>?B A¥ëÍ>UBRBËY¸L^@ ì >UDÌëÍ= ï ì°=S+@UOÉV¶=/OÐPÍ@?==réROQ=/=/DDa> BRçnDÈò´S6L°ëG=é=/V¸O?F=¯=/OÐIRYÑê+åEBRVÑ>?@UëÌVg>Uë Y¶VÑâ >Q>?O:Y¶=­êCF=B @Uâ =¯P F ì ëG>UBEIKO?>?=V¶D^BRDG>UIRB Y @?=rOQB ì @UF=/O/ò 

U



612& 



=-

=-

:  -2:q+.-/- k

-: '-

ST!-2*2#

7

2%#

T :;- ?#



2



*-2*2#



;

2

'

)

9+2$#%

2

[

Wztl `cfQg+i3p y3z

h\o0o+m>wh\m€fQg2 \zQg0o fQz{g+i3p%)u`3z{/*

â ì ì á â:ã ì ã RB&#ï @ ì B“I“=ê >?@UV¶VÑéR=rê€= O6=*V¶ O+O?YÑ>?ëÍO?=/ëÍB“@?B“ê V¶DÍê+åIRD¯D^ï VÑDì ==öÍ@UI ñVÑå èÁì PÍ@U@UBY¶= =­â GBKò è+V¶ï å ì =@U@U=uñÌxÍ=ò…ö°äz=/> F O>?>?V¶@ BRIKD DGO?VÑY¶D IK>?V¶BRDÆVÑDaV¶=>UDaB±>Uû>dêCA BFOQBEV¶DGDÍFå@U=>U>UëÍ= =ËIRFYÑBEåEYÑ= Y¸ãI @ I ð 



m

ì â ì ì ¯I\V¶LÍå ìV¶S6OQ@?>?ëÍ= @U= V ãGì >?>?ëÍ=r=L^ï OQì =/=/YÑ=r@?ñ­Fnï >JV¸O BR=@UDÆã ñR@Uî…>?BEëG>UIR=­ëGLGI“F=> IRöÍOQIF>/Bâ îIKPÍDMPY¶=*L*>?OQ>U=rBEëÍOJDÍ=å¯D>?ëGVÑV¶=ËDÆD±@U>?=r=ëGIRY¶==F ëËé“IKDGDG±BFLÍ=­ûÐ=3BKS3>?è#ëGò =rIKá IR>+F OJëOQ>?IRBEY¶O?@?O?B=r=L­@rVÑî\Y¶>UY ìëÍOQ>U=OdIK>U@?@U>UIKO>?:=/ê+LÆûÐVgS3>UV¶ëD î ì ì â >?IOQëÍBEDÍOQ=*=/åYÑY¶=rB°ê6FnF>?IRIRV¶YBRODÆDGBKV¸OJ>¯=PGö°ûÐY¶=/I—S FñE=/PG>?LÆ=rIRL@Qè ì>UòTVgY¶>US6YÑñEVÑBEëÍò(D…V¸S6OJîTëÍY¶V¶B°D BEFO?BRIK=*@ Y(@UL°@U=/==/O @O ì >?YgYÑ>B >>U V¶I O:YÑã >?Od=/YÑ>U=Ë@@?=rèÁB @UI ì IR>:å =/â >?LÈëÍ=BaDaVÑDaOQ> =­>UOBY¶IKBRIË@Uå=­èÁ@UBE>?=/ëG@?F=/=BRVÑD åE@ LÍD°â ðzO3ÿRIKê+=>?ñ ëÍ=@U=WdV¸@UBEIK= VÑY¶DÆVÑH/>?ëG=/>ULB= VÑIKDåRåE>U@?ëÍ=/= åEIKˆ/>? ‘ =/ “Lɒr‘ é“IK Y ì =rBROxD >UëÍ=DOQ'>U&°IKî8@?ê+>xëÍ>UBÉV¸F OQë>?@UV¶=/O I @?â2=rï ãì IRVÑ@UF =/ÿÉL>UY¸B:I“>U>U=ëÍ@ =èÁïBRì@ =/BE@?@Uñ­LÍDG=@UB=/LÍL=RîIKPGåEåRIR@UOU=O?VÑåEDÍIKå:>?V¶>?BRëÍD…@UòÍB S6ì åRëGë = I 9 —‘
, V¶D=/IEF ëËDÍB°L°=3>UëGI“> O ìÍâ O+IKY¶Y…PGIR@Q>UV¶IRYo@U=/O ì YÑ>UO/ò S6=ëÍY¶== é“IKDGF =JPÍï @Uì =/=L°@UV¸ñÖFn>UVÑ>UBEëÍD=D¥èÁBR@ FB =râ IRF P ëì >?O?=rBRODÍåMI î 6DO% $6$ A D U @ J J/IJ HK J2&>*D7D J J BCED'F&>*D-D ã ñì FB ì Da>UVÑDÍå >?ëÍ=x>?V â =/O\=/IRF ë â:ì ì O?=@ëGIEO L  B#CED'F &>*DOD æÊDÍè å YÑY¶>UñÍëÍç V¸O Y¶V¸ã Odñ>U=>?DÍëG=r=TLW ì >UB±OQ>(VÑF>B IKâ DGP L ì >?=@ YÑì >?V¶O?PÍ=Y¶@rñEí Oð A L0I O =H J CQK9RS J'T &M*D-D 

  BCQD0F&>*DO6 ¶ V    M64Ba1 êC=V¶åRëa>/òüÆ= ã @UBEIELÍFIEOd>?ðÑWdBEVÑD 

6 !#$%.(+*1c6# 4AB(0*136 *!%D.(4A Q1

6M# 4AB(+* IL;.  

OL IJI ; 9?1 ê+VÑ>?ë >UëÍ= ^BED IKY¶Y3DÍB°L°=/O/îCVÑDBR@?ð *DN# -   # 4ABa1 L°=/@>?BÆI“>?>UIRF ë >UëÍ= ì OQ=/@/í OêC= V¶åRV¶ëaO >BR>U@?B ð D a * !% D.(4A H#2>6$ABD G- A* D aM# 4AB.(+* -#M# 4AB.(+* Q1 D Q !#$ %.(+* 9?1 =/IEF ëYÑBEåKðz@?=rFBR@ Lò á O D2"!#$ %.(0* Q1 D !#$ %)(+* 9?1 L°@U=/V @?ãÍ=rì L >?V¶éRBR=/D YÑñ OQBE(@Q>'&î ê€=Èã =DÍèÁ=BE=r@?Lý= >?â B =@UL°åRV¸=Odðð D 2 !#$ %.(+* a1 D 2 !#$ %.(+*13D.(0 $#6  $ * HL I2& 9 9?1 ? > D  !#$%.(+* Q1 D  !#$%.(+*1 $)( BG D H0 ; &MD "D)(0 $#6  $*?9 9 WdBRV¶DÍV¶DÍåÆVg>ròS6ëG=±@U=/O ì YÑ>?V¶DÍåÆûS9èÁ@ IKåRð âBR@ =L°Da=/>U@?O±=rLýIK@UBR=D IKåaIKV¶D 'L°& V¸OQ>?>?B @UV ãÍIKìY¶Y¶>?B“V¶êéR=Y¶ï ñ ì V¶@?F =ÿ ð 6D 4D $ L : IM=9?'@;*DOD èÁFBRY ì @U=L°V¶= åRDÍO?ðÅBRÿEDÍ=åañÆO­Wd>?BRëMV¶DI“>±V¶DaêC>?=B @U=ÌDGBK>±æÊPG>?BýY¶I—ñE==/öL ð J JBCQD0F&>*D-D A L0I O =H J CQK9RS J'T & *DN# -   # 4ABa1W*D-D èV¶Dì Y¶YÑIKñÍDçò BRá @ L°Y¶YR=/êC@?=r=L±V¶åRIRëaåR> O…åR@UIK=@Uåa=I“>?>UëÍVÑBE=/DD*O>?ìÍëMâ I“>Ðâ ==/öL ð L  BCQD0F &>*D7D AL0IMG!H=9@;B;?0@;D'F& 6D7% % $6 $ A D-%21c*DOD PÍIKåaY¶BRIKVÑV¶>UDOV¶>?DÈëG=¯I¯BEL°@UV¶LÍOQ>?=@U@UV =/ãÍLì ðz>?DÍ=r=/LÈOUOIRDGBEDL â =/@?åE' =/&°L î L BCED'F& *DH6 7   M64Ba1 6"!#$ %.(0* Q1 6  !#$ %)(+*16# 4AB(0* 9?1 IKåEåR@U=åaI“>?=EòMüÆ= >UIRÿR=É>?ëG= >?BRPÍðUø ±BKè %  !.#$ %.(+* 7D Q"!#$ %.(0* Q1 å °S3ò D Q# 4AB(0*1MD Q"* !%D)(4A21 %  $)( BG D 9?1 >?ëG=J@?=rO ì YÑ>?V¶DÍ D2M# 4AB(+* a1 D2M# 4AB(+*1kD2 * !%D.(4A1cD2 $.( BG D 9?1 üýëÍV¶YÑ=´>?ëÍV¸O â I—ñ O?== â IKY¶@U=/IRLÍñ I+FB â ð D M# 4AB.(+* -#M# 4AB.(+*OA* PÍOQ>?Y¶@ =I“ö­>?=/ï åRì ñE=îo@UñRIEîEOÐê€VÑ>J=#ê+F/IKVÑY¶Y¶YÍY(>?ëGëGI—V¶éEO´=>?ëÍOU=FIKQY¸DGI ãIRVÑVÑéEY¶Vg=>dñ D  * !% D.(4A H#2>6$ABD G a1 D M#4AB(+* Q1 D M#4AB(+* 1 4D $ H0;&MD 2 $.( BGD.9 9?1 PÍì @UO?=B @ ã O Y¶"“= DÍâ B°O L°ã=/OJBK>UIRëDGLÆê+VgD>Uë±ìÍâ:>UëÍã =J=@D ìÍBRâ:è6O?ã BR=DG@ åEBKO/è ò D 2M# 4AB(+* a1 D 2M# 4AB(+*1 4D $ N0 ;&D  4D $.9 9R1 D  4D $ Q1 D 2# 4AB(0*1cD 2 4D $ a1 9 S6V¶OQëÍ>:= BK è#@ OdIR>(YÑY ï ìì OQ==/@U@UñJOJê+>?V¶ëGYÑY°IK>:PÍ@UëGB°I—L éRì =­F=C=/éRIÐ=/Y¶@JIR@?YÑV¸åEOd= ð ¶ Y g0pk[ W[ N€BEDGF@U=>U= á YÑåE= ã @ I
(öÍI â PÍY¶= ) ì =@Uñ >?=/DÍ=/LJ>?B#>UëÍ=x=öÍI â PÍY¶=€O?BRDÍåæ‡DÍBK>MW ì Od> ì ê>U+IKëÍÿEV¶=/F O ëâ ê+BEV¶Y¶@?YT=:ëÍ?= BE8å*BR@?@?>/=rî8OQB IRì OÐ@ VgF>=/OCê+èÁVÑ@UY¶YB âO?=DMIKL Y¶YTã DÍIRB°O?L°V¸F=rIKO#Y¶Y¶V¶ñ¯DIR>?ëÍYÑY>?=ëGYÑBEBEDÍå*O?==(>d@UêCê+=/BRFëÍBE@UB+ÿ8@ULGòGPGO+S6IK@?>?ëÍ>?BË=:V¸F >?O?ëÍ=/Y¶=ÉIRF@?BRï Y¶DGñ#ì L=Y¶VÑ@UÿEï ñ±=ì =/DG>?@?ëÍBñ±=xLÍ=:O?=BRéRèÁDG=/BEDåa@ çnî IKOQV¶åRBRåED@?=/BRåEè(IK>?>?ëÍV¶BRV¸O3D oï äXì D =@U>?ñ ëÍ=­â DGV¶åR=ëaö> >:ã OQ= =rFnO>Uì VÑBEPÍD…PMî…BEêC@Q>U=­=/L ê+âVÑY¶Yxì L°F ë=rO?Fâ @?VBRã @U=­=:ëG= *B“ê FV¶=IDa>?O?Y¶YÑñV¶åRëaVÑDÈ>?Y¶ñ IKD â á B°â:L°V ã V¶=/=LÆDa>UéEû=@?A ð =DÍ@UV¶F ëG=/L±ê+Vg>UëHû X S+O/ò .  &;
%);#

.&"($

=&"($

m

 " #0$

 

PA

 

"

,C;E



PtDCFE

v,CFE

OCFE

lCFE

DCFE

Q

S



Q

EBE

/R



U ;& 
%);#

&0";$

OCFE

Q l

S*E

l

Q

Q v

MEBE

1S

1S 4Q

1S

  &;
%);#

1S

 

1S

Q v

*g

Q t

,CFE

&";$

*S

1S

Q t

MA

Q l

sI

DCFE

,C;E

Pt

*g

/S

;"#0$

CFE

E "#%$

dCFE

tCFE

OCFE

v,CFE

,CFE

CFE

BA

l

 "#0$

CFE

,CFE

Q

1S

Q

EPE

l

Q

Q l

1S

1S

l

Q Q

Q v v

S*E

Q Pt



1S

S

5A

DCFE

v FI

/S

1S

Q d iA

iI

S

Q d



S

MEBE

Q Pt

Q

iI

1S

sA

1S 4Q








,CFE

Pt

d FA

iA

/S

S l&nBn

;

chord hashes uneven keys on node#0 #DHT_HISTO SONGID USER TIMESPLAYED#NODEID 2 treijtel 2 #node0 4 treijtel 3 #node1 6 boncz 10 #node1 SONG

HISTO

SONGID NAME

1 2 3

NAIVE Node #0

ARTIST

SONGID USER TIMESPLAYED

Black Lung 16 Horse Power Yulunga Dead Can Dance Oye mi amorMana

2 3 3

treijtel treijtel boncz

2 4 14

system generated tables (DHT)

message stream

SONGID

1 2 3 4 5 6

NAME

ARTIST

Black Lung 16 Horse Power Yulunga Dead Can Dance Oye mi amorMana Boy U2 Faith The Cure Hey Jude The Beatles

aggr_merge

join_broadcast + aggr_merge

HISTO

SONG

HISTO

SONGID NAME

4 5 6

SONGID USER TIMESPLAYED

ARTIST

Boy Faith Hey Jude

U2 The Cure The Beatles

4 5 6

treijtel boncz boncz

#DHT_HISTO SONGID USER TIMESPLAYED #NODEID

3 3 5

treijtel boncz boncz

4 14 6

#node0 #node0 #node1

3 6 10

Node #1

tuple data

SONG

SONGID

USER

2 3 3 4 5 6

treijtel treijtel boncz treijtel boncz boncz

TIMESPLAYED

2 4 14 3 6 10

OPTIMIZED

− only on node subset − small table broadcasted

chord select

AmbientDB Global Table Abstraction

iyd{n|J¤ GC¤ {UyC¦i/¨/e©bd·—®3{¾·Kf i/¼8ja|R½6¦´ÕCeg}|Ryd~ i¬ C¬ { fdh©i{U§rbX{ ² 


RELEVANT

VOTE

¤ ͤ ½+} i/ja|½6ÕC} e©jÉv€w³Ee©{ j“yd½+¾  àQÙ
àTÙ€Ú 

û IKPÍV¸OdPÍ>UY¶@?V¸FV ãÍI“ì>UVÑ>UBE=/DGLCO3X >UIEëGOQI“ëÉ>ÉS\êCI IRã DEYÑ>:=rO6>?BÌæ‡Hû ï X ì S+=/@?O ñ ç\IRLÍ@?I“= > ìIO?OQ=PGè ì @?Y°=rIRY¶BL BRÿB ìì P>:OQB“>?éR@ =/ì @ F> â ì IK@U=/DOTñÌèÁBRDÍ@B°Y¸L°IK=r@UOåRî=ðXIROUO:FIKIY¶=´ûO?>UF=rBIKL Y¶ï YÅVÑòD¯V¶äXF DI ÿY¶á ñâ:@?=rã L V¶=FDa=6> ûÐ>?ëÍA=#î\I EIRòÍD ô B =ì DaDa@x>?>´V¶åR@?BK=­Baè8IKûDÍYMB°ëÍS L°==/@UæÁ=#O´BR@VÑV¸DO´IéR>UBEB:O YÑìÍéE=ã=/DMLO?I =ã VÑ>D­Y¶=#BRIRèC>UDGëÍVÑOQ>U=ÐêCO:ï =Fì @UBRV¶=/DÍY @?ìÍåñ â IJBRDGPÍï O >?ç V =/â â @?ñ:V¶HI—=/ê+ñ @´Vgã>U>UëB= IIRìL°>Ué“B IKâ DMFI“=/>UL¯V¶F/
UF@ ì=/YÑF=/> @Uì IK@U>?=/= OCï éì V¸I=@Uá#VÑ=râ:O ãì VÑOQ=/V¶DÍDE> åûÐO Aì F IKëÆDGHûL¯X VÑ>US+O+O/ï ò ì =/@?=ñ*>?>?Y¸V¶IKDÍDGåå ì>?ëGIR=åR=ã V¶=O#DGIR= D±>=öÍBRèCI â O ì PÍF Y¶ë = BKâ è°=/>?@UëGO+=€IRO?@?V =Jâ F PÍì Y¶V@? @UF=I“Da>U>UVÑYÑBEñ DèÁBEBK@UèGFLÍ=/V¶LËOQ>?>?@UB­V ãGëGì IR>?=r@ULÍLFIKB°PÍL°PG=YÑV¸O Fì IKF >?ëV¶BRDJIRF/=FDG=/åRYÑ=/V¶DÍ@UIK=>?=/BR@?@ V¶DÍO€å#VÑD±êC>?=€ëÍIR=/@?VÑ=x@ÐIKIKèÊPÍ>?PÍ=/@€Y¶V¸FæÁPGI“>U@?VÑBEBEåRDM@ çnI ò â ð á>?#ëÍâ:=­üÈã ÿEVÑ==/= ñaDEìðÅ> é“ûÐO?IR=ÉAÏY ì N€=rDÍëÍO3B°BEBKL°@Uè+L=IKF÷ “Y¶BRYú…Da> >U> ì B­IKPGV¶DGV YÑâ =rO6OJPÍ>?VÑëGY¶DÆ= =â >UVÑ=/ëÍDMDE=*L°>=V¶ö¯DGO ì L°>UF =I ëöÆã YÑFPG=:Y ìIKPG@?OQIK>?>?VÑ=/@?>?>?@?V¶VÑ=rBR>?LDÆV¶BRVÑDëGDMIEL°>UOQëGV¶ëÆFI“=/>ÐO#>?BFIEBRO#I @U@?Hû =rX OQPoS+BRO/DMÐîGLÍ>?ê+OCëGëÍIK>?B*=/>É@?=JN€VÑ>ÉëÍ=ræ‡IRBRVF @ ò =RëL ò â IRPGâ O´BED >?ëGIK>€DÍB°L°=—çnòEäXDaéV¸OQV ã Y¶ì =+>?B ì ì OQ=/@UO/îEHû X S V¶DG L°V¸F=rOxF/IKD ã = =ö°PÍY¶BRVÑ>?=rL ã ñÉIï ì =/@?ñ BRI“>?P°BE>U@V ./V¶’“H˜/=’K@6Š>U– B* 6IR F/F= & Y¶= @ I“ >U=Џ Y¶B>?ëMBRÿI“> Pì O?ï =/OJ=@U>?V¶ëÍ=/=ËO/ò°ûHüÈX =S9L°=V¶DGL°DÍ==röÈL¯BEIRDDIRILÍûÐL°VÑS >?V¶BR>UDMBIKIRY…FFFBE=DGY¶=F@ @UI“=>U>U=3=ÉBR=rPoï ì=@?Vgðð OYÑQ=/=/éRYÑ=r=FnYÅ>?î V¶ã BRñ­D±@UBRB DËì >?>?V¶ëÍDÍ =3åV¶IDGL°â =ö*=rO?ÿEOUIK=ñ°åE=#O3>Uæ‡O?B=>?=3ëGIK=JY¸OQN€BÉëÍS\BEI @ULã Y¶ = DÍEåRçn=/ò°@6äz>+BRD*V¶OCê+V â ëÍV¸PÍF YÑë*= â >UëÍ==3Da>?OQ=r=/LËYÑ=rV¶FnD*>?V¶>UBRëÍDË=JÿRLÍ=I“ña> ðzé“I IKGYB“ì ê = ëGIRO?ëÍ=/O/îIKDGL­@U=>U@?V¶=éV¶DÍå:IRYÑY8FBE@?@U=/O?PMBEDGL°V¶DÍå3> ì PÍYÑ=rO6IROCIKD °S éV¸I:I:S NC< "—äd< >U@UIRDGOQèÁ=@rò á á#âã ì ì ã DÍIKDB°ñ L°=/PMO/O BEîVÑ>?DaëÍ>€=JBRV¶è…V¶DG=>?L°DaV V¸â >UFû=r=RO#Aò áL°V¸= O6Y¸ O?BGVÑDÍDaî=/>ULL¯=ìDGBE=#L°D¯=r>UL*BL°V¸>UY¶OQB°B >?F@Uê€IRV ãÍYMBEì @U@?>?=/ÿ­=/O?L±B=/éRì > =@ I D¯Fã =#Y¶V¶=/DËFO BRè DGâ OQY¶>?V¶Y¶åRñ±@ ëaIKIRV¶> DaL°ã>UðÅO/ëÍ=JîKB°BE>UFÐëÍDÍ==Y¶ñ*DGHû FPGBX IK@?S Da>?V¸>UâIK=Y¶@ Y¶I—Oñ ñ­ L°=YÑV¸>dY¶OU=/êCFL=IK=/@ IKDL > OQOQBB¯â Vg> =Ëâ BKè+I—ñVg> ODÍ=V¶éEDG=O?@=@?ã >UOJ=Éê+è ì ëÍY¶Y¶=/ñÌD FVÑB >:â ê€PGB YÑì =>?Y¸L=Rò =vÐöÍOQFV¶=/DÍ=/åLÆIËVg> ODÍBEâ D°ðXIKFöB V ââ:PÍìGY¶â =>U=F/IKV¶PGDGIEL°F=VÑö>dñÈèÁBRI“@J>:O?>?=ëGY¶=/IKFn>:>UVÑDÍDGB°å±L°V¶=RD î ã ì ìÍâ:ã ì ì á â â >?ê+I¯ëÍëÍ>U= =I á#@U=JYÑâ= IÉã @ULÍV¶=/==L Daè‡I>UFûì =/YgA O3> >Uã =/ëÍ=DG=­ëGLI—ðD éì V¶OQBR=/@#@+F/OQ=IKëÍ@JD B BRì ãè€Y¸L±= > ãL°PÍIE=rY¶FOQ=/=rV¸OL°LË=3èÁBBE=D¯ö°DGPÍI L…Y¶Vgò >UYÑñË>Jê+>?ëÍëÍ=V¸O >UëÍ= @#B IRDË=/DEV¶DG>rî…L°6=êC>Uö ëÍ=*@Uâ =/L°O?=/I—ëÍFñ BRV¶L°Y¸ã L=r= LÈò ì ò >?O?ëG=/IKL> î e©v€jajÌfX{UbXv€yd{nwÐ|³acae©{ «Ej“²Áydyd½+¨²Å¾ý|Eijayd{€¨K|Regj{yd¬ ~ai/{6jÌe©jca|RfX{{ V yd~Ei/{fxi/«°jÉ{?bd{ ¬ fz{ ydj“e©yQwi/i§/yd{ {+¨/¨/ª€ª8e»egydjaf3|E¨n{ ¦´V jƬ ¨h©·—¨“{?¬nbQi/i/h(§r{#ydcEe©«ajh©{ ydf3~E{+~a½+i·K}Ce©ja¼ §*³°{ {Uj chord hashes even keys on node#1













 

):F#*+y \+.SR





 = )





&

2



8 !88



7-

H

% $6$ A D 

  7!#$ %.(0*1E# !&MD.(0 $#6  $*)9  $.( BG D L ;   "G.(#D4

/  # 4AB(0* IL;.  

-L IJI. ;

J L  :7?@U=/ÿDÍVÑDG=/L°åð>Uê+B#VÑ>?OQëBEDÍO?åEB O8â Po==ê+@TëGLÍIK=>ð :.0; UOQ=/V¸IEFLJ>UIEBKOdè >U=Ròr+S6L°ë V¶ì @?O=rî Fnì >UYÑOdñ ð 6  * !% D.(4A H#B>6 $ ABD G JL  :-?OQëÍ>:=ÈBKëÍè6V¶BOQ>?ì BE@åR@ ï I ì â =@UV¶F=/B O/âò á P ìLðð   > g0pk[nZ k[
(ö>?=/DGOQV¶BRDMO+STB­S6ëÍ=ó ì OQV¸FJþ°F ëÍ= â I â @U\IKV¶>?å V¶ì BR@?Dý= BKîè o>?ëÍV¶V¸å Oì YÑ@U=r= IRLÍø O Gî´>?B±êC=È>?ëGF=É@U=/FIK@?=r>?I“=rL>?V¶BRI DÌBKèxI¯ûOXÐS3ò8S6L°ëGVÑ>?=ÉV¶BRO?DMñ°BEIKOdD >UY¶YÑ= ñEâ îÍ' ðVÑD¯â  E>UIRëÍòVÑDa=á >UIRO?O±F VÑDGëGLÍ=/= =LPÍV¸I V¶FnDG>UL°L°=/=/=LýFöY¶=rV¶IKDL ð >Uá I O ã YÑ>?=JëÍ=V¸O+V¶FDGIRL°YÑ=Y¶=/ö°-L =/L$3& > ì  PÍY¶(=/' OÐꀏ =/@?IK=JDGV¶L¯DGO?F=IR@?@?>?@U=/VÑL=rO6ã IKñ¯D¯BK=>Uö°ëÍPÍ=Y¶@ÐV¶FDÍVg#> B°L°$ =/O/îG& (>UëÍ'&­V¸O FFBRBEY YìÍìGâ â D¯DÌèÁV¶BRO @+==rö°IRPÍF Y¶ë*V¶F> >Ðì V¶PÍDY¶=RI ò ûOXÐS @ I“>UëÍ=@6>UëGIKDV â PGYÑV¸Fn> IEO6VÑDIã °S3îGûS BE@6âUIKv L°V¶DÈ=O?>?VÑ=DÍ>?ëÍ@ åâ =/>UVÑVÑ@JëÍDGV¶êC= O =æÁ>?V¶V¶ëÍDGåRBaëaL°OQ>==ö°ì =rø OQLGV¶DÍç ìå(O?' =IË@  O>?#BR>?PÍ>UëGIð IK&9>JYÑ=EïëGîKìI—êCéR=@U=C= ñR@UY¶ò…=V¶OQS6èÁ>?BE=/ëG@ DÍ= =/ûHL Y¸X I“â >?S =6BEOQB â >J@´IK>?B¯ÿRï =r>?OÐëÍ=@U>?=­ñëÍ=V¸V¶OöÍD I O?â=Y¶V¶=/åPÍFnìY¶>U= @UVÑ=BEO?DÌBRÍDGò ëÍå¯V¶åRV¶IR@UëGDGOQYÑ>/Lñ î = *FV¶=Da> TVg>V¶DéRBRY¶éR=rOCW ì OQ>BRDÍ=­@U= â BK>U= DÍB°L°=RîTIRDGLÈ>UIRÿaV¶DÍåBRDGYÑñ>UëÍ=­>UBRP°ð &9YÑV¸OQ>?=DG=@ O ã@?OQ=/=/ñ éRPÍ=@?YÑV¸@U=rOdY¶OQ>UñJ=/=Da@?DÍ>U=r=/I“L @U>UìO*VÑéEFê+=r= OVg>Uì >?ë ëÍO?==ÐIÆ@ O¯OQV¶Y¶HB“V¶=6O¯êõBKåRèoêCB>?B°=ëGV¶LýåR=+ëa@?=/>*=rDÍO BFì ìIRYÑD>/åEòRë üÈã =èÁ=#BE@¯L°IEV¸O?BO?O F/ì ìÍIK@¯â @ L°PÍ=6=/Y¶ëÍL…I—ñ=î´@UY¶IKV¶=COQDG>/>?Lò#ëGIKþ>?>(=rëGF>?IKëÍBE>ËDG=+ILV¶D î6O ê€â ì = =/IKDGY¶Y IRFO?= OUÿ I =â öèÁBR>?PÍBE@¯Y¶@Q=>?>UëG=/BKL = è 

*g

;

*g

H

*g

K L

E



S*E



;

"

&";$



(

+2$#%%('*1+

 \+.SR



;

"







(

"



(#" ;

;

"

@

(

(



"

=L°ö°BRPÍV¶DÍY¶V¶åFVgO?> B$ V¸O´>U& ëG(I“'>6&êCYÑB°= Fê6IK>?IKV¶DaBR>´DGO3>?B BRè€FBE>UDëÍéR=*=ñ:O?=>?Y¶=/B Fná#>U=/â:LÆã @UVÑ==/Y¶DE=> é“ûÐIKDaA > >U(ëG' I“>C *>?ëG> =Ðì PÍY¸IRY¶OQ=/>€O/òTï S6ì =ëÍ@U= ñ @UVÑ=/DIEéEOQBRBEY¶éRDÌ=/èÁOxBEI @ YÑB“V éRâ =Vg@U>UëÍ=/=rLIRLO?=VÑ>+DÉBKIKèY¶YEDÍBRB°>?L°ëÍ=/=/O @\O DGì BF LÍë=/O/IRò OC& >UBKB­>?@?=€=r>?L ëMì I“F>T=Ð>U>UëÍëÍV¸O\=:BEFP°B >?â V â â:VÑìHrI“DG>UV¶VÑF/BEI“D:>?V¶IKBRY¸DOQB IKâDML±B°L°ï V ì =/=r@?OTñ*>UëÍPG=C@?B°BRF@U=rVÑO?åEO?VÑV¶DGDÍIRå Y ì ì â Y>?Ñï V¸ëÍOd>U=J==@UêCDÍñR=r=î…LV¶IRåROJëa>?BÌ>?>?=rëÍL*>?= ëÍ>U=±BRO?P°==öÍð @ &ÏI â BKV¶PÍè(åRY¶IKëa=±Y¶>Y…O?ëGBROQBEI—DGDÍéEå åE= O6æÊ>?BEëGD±*B ì BE=/åEDaDÍë^>?Y¶ñ­@U>?VÑ=rëÍ>?O3ëÍV¸OBaBROQV¶D =3OBKDÍV â >UB°ëÍL°PÍ==r@U@JO#B DÍã IRB°I O6ãL°B Y¶=r=rì O3ç@ ò>? ëMS6DGIKëÍIRDÆV¶Y@ >?@?LëÍ=rîTBaO êCì OQ=­Yg=±>ròê+FBëGâ =@UP =Éì ëG>U== Fï @Uì ==>?\@U=ñ V¶åIRPÍìYÑY¸åE@?IK= =ÉDGã O/øR@ òIÉø3üÆPÍOQëG= Y¸IKB“ì DGê#O?O6= OxèÁ>UBEëÍ@+=J>?ëGL°==> BRIKP°V¶YÑ>U=rV L±â (FV¶' HBR=rD°L ð 6 D-L% $6  $  =9 ?0A @;D?'U&ëÍ./=´’—BK˜rDÍè’KB°Š>?L° – ëÍ=( =ê+ = VÑöÍ>?ë I â (' P͏ Y¶“= ˆ  G  G M#  !4A#$B.>G.%.(+*((+*#D1c4aG 1 "D. (0I $L#;6  $* -9?1 L IJI ;. 1 OQFBEBRDÍDaåG>U@Uî#IEIROd>UDG=/L L ã @U=ñ>UIC@?V¶è=ì éEY¶= YRDÍ=>dê€BE@?ÿ  ï ì æÊ=/>U@?ëÍñV¶OÌIKDGV¶OL

## !!##$ $ %)%)(+(+**Q131 6#24 "D)(0 D.$(#4A 6  7$*G 1EA4 *$)(+* 9 Y¶VÑY¶IRY @?ì åEOd=>U@6@UIK@?>?=r=/O L ì YgV¶>+D V¶DËVÑ>Uå ëÍì =J@U=DGIKEV¶éRçnò=JOQ>?T@ I“B°>UF=IKåRY¶Y¶ñ ñÌIRV¶D O 6 D-% L : $I6 $=?'@;A ?ëÍ=ï ì =@U ñ:DÍB°L°C=EîEIKêCDM=+L >?ëG=DËFB â P ì&>U=+x>?ëÍ>UIK= ð J%J$%6 =9!$ ?0#@/$ ?P…ëÍ=òIK>UY¶BRYMP°DÍð B°ø L°=rOxY¶V¶ê+OQ>?ëG=/=DÍ@U==#@  O>?ëG>?BEB O?=+>U>?ëGBEI“P >  

$.$.( ( BB GG DD Q1 H   !;#&M$ % %)>D.(+*(0 13$# 6 $. ( B$ G*)D9 Q9?1 1 9 YÑ V¸Odì >U@?=>?DÍëÍ=/=/@U@TO*ï ëGì I—=@UéRV¶==/OY¶V¶BEOQDÍ>?=/YÑñDÍ=/FLBEDG>UFB^=/@?>?DÐëG>?IKëÍ>ËV¸O…OQDGBEBDÍLÍåG=ò 6 D-A % L$% 0I$6 $6=$ ?'@;A  ììÍPÍã Y¶OQ=/=OÌ>/î—BRIRDÍO…Y¶êCñ= O?ì =OQY¶=/=xF>?>?ëÍV¶éR= =/•rYÑñýˆ“”‰>UB  >? ëÍ>U= B @UB' ì  >U= L%$D 6 !$=9#?0$ @/A %.< D(+&K* 6!.QD-#1 $ D %#QD 1  !#$ %.(+*1 $.( BGD 9?1 ûÐO?FS3BR@Uîr=/VÑOoDèÁBRBR@ @\L°IK=Y¶@…YGæ>?ì BÐO?F=B @râî OQBEP DÍì åa>Uço=´F>UB ëÍâ:=xãêCV¶=DGV¶IKåR>?ëaV¶>?BR=rDGL O  !n%  !!##$ $ %)%)(+(+**1W! !n$. !( B#$ G %)D(+1c* %Q1>64 D.(4A 9 VÑVÑDÈD3>d>?êCëGB+IK>3PÍëGO ìÍIEã OQ=rO?O´=>ræ‡îL°ê+V¸OQ>?ëÍ@UV¸VF ãÍëÈì >?IK=/@ULJ=IRIRDGåRLåE@?â =/åE=I“@U>UåR=/=—L ç 6 D L : 4 IDJ$J=/?'I @;*DH J JBCQD0F.&>*DN# >?B*IKS6@U@UëÍVÑBéEì=ÐåEI“ëÆ>+>UIKëÍ>3=J>?ëÍPÍV¸@UO=/L°OQV¸>UFnIK>UåE=/= L±ê€éRBR= >?Y¸=RIRò F ÿ=öað L  BCED'F &M*D 2 A L0IMD2N< C F.&6D7% % $6$ A D A4 *$#a1k*D-G PMFY¶=/=/@?IKV @â >U=ëGDaI“>U>(IRYMPoF=BE@?èÁD BR @ @â â IRI“DG>?FV¶=CBRDTV¸OîKVVgâ>6OQPÍëG@UB B“ì éRY¸=rL Lã V¶D =   "G.(#D4Q1 G  !.#$ %.(+* 7%  !.#$ %.(+*N I G  A4 *$.(+* 7% M64 D)(4A Q1 >?FëÍ=/OU=­O?=/BEO+P°>?øEV ø#â DÍVÑH/B°=/L°L =/OxOd>UêJ@UIKò @r>?ò =/>/åRòKñ>UëÍ>U= ëGDMI“IK>V¶éRBE=#DÍYÑOQñÈ>?@ IRI“Fn>Qðð G M#4AB(+* 13# 4% $ G "D)(0 $#6  $* %  $)( BG D 9?1 2 M# 4AB(+* Q1 2 M# 4AB(+*1 2 M# 4%$ 9?1 =>dê+åRñ V¶F= >?ëGê+IKVÑ> >?ë*G>UBëÍB°=L°=/=L Da>?V¶>U@?ëÍ==FBE=/DEDE>U>UVÑ=@UDa=>UO DÍ=>dê€BE>U@?I“ÿ ð

#2# 4AB(0* Q1

#2# 4AB(0*1cD4D H0;&K#2M# 4% $.9 9?1 M# 4AB(+* a1 ã YÑ=*æIRO+IRY¶O?B VÑY¶Y ì Od>U@UIK>?=/L±V¶D V¶å ì @U= Eçò M# 4AB(+*1 4D $ H0 ; &"D4D.9 9?1  4D$ Q1 # 4AB(0*1  4D $ Q1 9 W[ c`kfa`kz h\ g0pk[nZ\Zj[ N€BRDGF@?=>?= á Y¶åR= ã @UIÉxV¶LËBR>?@UëG>?VÑëÍ=#>?V¶=3=/>?VO DÍ=ã =Ð>d=/ê€BRVÑDÍBEèåÆ@?>?ÿëÍV¶V¶V¸DDÍO€åÉê+>?ëGPÍ@?=¯@?VÑBR>?V¶L°>?DÍB°V¸åGOQF>?îBE@UYV òãÍS6ì >?ëÍ=/VÑ=*=/LÖDaæ >UEï ûI—ì é“=A IE@UñçxV¶O PÍPÍ@U@?BKDGB°>UL°FBK=/=/>d@xOUñOQPMè BE= @±Y¶Yã æÁFV¶=DGBEV¶DÍFDGYåOdì >ULÍãÍ@ VÑì DÍFnV¶å Yg>?>#V¶BRã V¸DTO+IEîROQL°ê+V¸=/F*O?VÑ>?V¶BEåRë­P°DÍ>?>U=rVëÍâLË= VÑO H/ì =@ F @nOQë >ç >?OQëGV â:IK>(ì Y¸>?I“ëÍ>U=#BR@CFBæÁêCLÍ= =Cã IRIE@?OQ=C=+F Fì IR@UD @?=/ã Da= >?Y¶ì ñ O?ì=/LO?V¶DÍã å BR>?&ë­þ V¶:D:÷>U°ëÍø=+úÊç@Uò/=/äXIKD:YÍ>?ûëÍA6=CóÌDÍ=rþÉIK@\IROè ì êC> ì =Y¶@UYG=RIRî—OêCV¶=xDGëÍO?V¶BELÍPM=6=€I>?BÐDÍ=B >dã ê€> BEIK@?V¶Dÿ B ì @ @ OQ>6Po=@?èÁBR@ â IKDGF=3@?=rO ì YÑ>UO6BEDË>UëÍ=ï ì =@UñËOQ>?@ I“>U=åRV¶=/O6L°=rO?F@?V ã =/L±ëÍ=@U=Rò 

(#" ;

(

"

&";$

BA



DCFE

CFE

 

(



"

DCFE

;

MEBENBN$Q

 "#0$

*R

Q

BSTBT

*g

Q

1S

1S

; & 
%)(#

Q

*g

*G




BA

DCFE

1S

OCFE

,CFE

,

DC;E

; & 
%)(#

;

U  & 
);#

BA

#"



Q

1S qQ

I

(

Q

,CFE

iI

*g

S 4Q

/S

FI

S ql&n

OCFE

BA

DCFE

BA

 

CFE

CFE



BA

;

"

Q

1S qQ

Q

EBE

4I

S

BG

S

1S

Q

iI

A

,CFE

ADCFE

,CFE OCFE

C;E

CFE

DCFE

PA

Q

EPE

hEBE

*G

*G

DCFE

Q

*g

Q

,

Q

c








7





S

*G

DCFE

BG

4A

iA

S

*S

1S

Q

Q*A

iI

1S

Q



%H

1S 4Q

Q

9&";$

S

S 4Q/A

,C;E

/S

5A

iA

S =l&nBn

ì ì ì â ê€B ì =3@#V¶üýDEBE>UP°ëÍ=>?VÑDGV Y¶â =#LËVÑêC>?H/B =+=/L=DÍöB“=Poêö°=I @Uâ V O?â PÍ=6=/YÑ>?=EDaëÍîM>6= IRê+Yѕ—Y\Vш“>?D͔ë ‰B°L°=/  O+ BR>?B:è( VÑ O? Da=>?Y¶=/=/@?FO =rìG>?OdV¶ã éR> OQ=/=ã YÑñ>#=rFF@?B BRB â DM>?Od=:>U=6@ I—>ì é“FIRPÍ>?VÑV¶Y¶Y¸BR=/I O(D±ã èÁY¶BK=J@Uè\B IR@UOÐB ì I @UBa>?YÑV¶BRV¸DÍOd>(å:>Ð>?B>UBK@?è(Y¶=/=/DÍ=/I—O/B°éEò°L°=/äX=O/D ð î V¶IKLÍY¶åROÉBRV¶@UD VÑ>?ë â >UëGI“>ɏ OQ=/YÑ&=rFn>UO:„ OQB Ž ⠏=­' DG°=V¶ò6åRôÐë ã DÍB =ì @ FO3IRD èÁ@?B=Dâ éV¸>UOQëÍV¶BRV¶O:D YÑIRV¸OQD^>±>?æÁ@U=EV¶ò éaåMV¸ò IKãY+IRL°O?V¶=/éLÆV¶LÍBE= DÆ
PGVÑFDÍBRåEDGVÑDGï åì =/I @ â â â â â ì ã ì V>?ÑO DËëÍ=C>?IKëÍPÍY¶Yo=3@UB@UDÍIRF=/DG=/ê OUL°OB äd>U< ëÍ=OUB“@UI éE=R=2ò @UX PÍY¶I—Y¶I—=ÐñEéîRV¶IRDÍL°DGåÐV¶L éIÐV¶>UL°IRL°=rÿ=/O€L°VÑDÍ>?V¸ëÍFå:=3IK>?>?@UëÍ=r= =ÐLâ è‡O IRIKìGOQV¶ã DÍ>?DÍ=rV¶DÍOd=>Cå:> BRâ DÍDÍB°I—=rL°ñ3OU=ç@?ðÅî =rY¶V¸L Odì>+IRFÿRI =x=/â Ox>?BRëÍ>?DG=€ëGå==ö°>?PoëGñR==â@UB VÑ=/îÍ@xDGIKFDGDG=r=LËLJV¶åR@?Y¶ë IK=/>?PM=/B =rDGI“F@ > ñ OO ã ñI*è‡IRFìÍ>?BRã @Y¶BRåMæ & "KóÌç:æ‡ê+ëÍâ =@U= & â V¸O >UBK>>?BR>UIKY(I â B ì ì Da>ÐBRèxDÍB°L°=/O3IRã DGLó V¸OÐ>?ëÍì= O?VÑH/= BKã è+ñÖ>?IÌëG=¯è‡IEO Fn>UBRO?@ =>n& çn"Kîó^IKDGò´L^S6=/ëÍéRV¸=/O*D F@U=/IKBE>?@?=r=±OÉV IÆPo@UBBRì@?>U>UIRVÑDGDEåÈ>UYÑñE>Uî\@?=/@U=¯=/L >?ëGFIK=r> OV¸DÍO*=O?>dê€B â BE@?=ÿ ê+ëMI“IK> DML°BRê+P°V¶>UL°V â >?ë V¶H=/LÖOUIKåE>UB= >?èÁBRëÍ@ =Ðâ Y¶IK=r>?L=DMV¶DÌFV¶=/>UëGO I“ã >J=>d@Uê€=/O?=/PM==rD*Fn>rPoò…==/N€@UBEO/DaîE>?ê+V¶D ëGì =VÑ@UDÍ=/å¯IRO€BRIJDÌP >?ì ëÍ@U= =Y¶V¸ñËO?O N€ì =ÉëÍBRBK@ è€LFð @?ã =rIRI“O?>U=/VÑLÉDÍåDÍ=I±>dê€PÍBEë@?ñÿÉO?V¸V¸FOxIK@ YÑðzIKDÍDG=LÍ>dBêCâ BR@UYÑñÿ I—IKêCY¶åRIRBR@?@U=*VÑ>?ë < â K?@UBEñ@?ÿ÷ V¶KDÍùKåÌú>?OQëM>?@I“ì >+Fn>U> IRì ÿR@U=3=RîTDÍêC=>d= ê€âBE@?I—ÿ­ñÆPÍ=@Uö°B—ö°PoV=â @UV VÑâ >dñ­=DaVÑDa>É>UB*ê+VgIR>UFë FB BKì >UëÍDa=>r@Éò Oû XÐS FìIKOQD=rO:S6ã IÈëÍ=#=BEOQ=LGP°â I“>?V>UVâ IWdBRGVÑV¶H/B“D°=/ê ðzL­YÑV¶IRÿRV¶D YÑ=ËåEâBR@?@U=rIKVgL >UDìë ñFnâ >Uê6VÑO€BEI—PGD ñ°@?O=rOdòR>UOQäX@U=/DIKDE>?>U÷ =/“=/åRL±úMñ êCOQëÍ= ÷gøEB OQî ì ëG—Y¸B“úzL îTê ã>UBÌIR=D­BEFBRBRP°P°DM>?V>UOQâ VV¸âL°VÑ=H/V¶@U=­H=/=/LË>?LëÍOdWd=¯> BEIKVÑPÍD*@?@U>?BK>?V¶DÍ=/Wd=rF åëGFnPo>?DÍV¶BRV¶BRï V¶D^Daì >U=#PGO+ëG>?IRëGIRDGIKO?L => VèÁÑD=>UF I*ëG=/WdBELVÑD =öÍO IEì FnF >?ë Y¶ñ*>UBEëGDGI“F>­=EòMBRDGþYÑV¶ñDGF>U= ëÍá BEO?â:=¯ã IKV¶>Q=>UDa@?>UV ûãÍì A>U=¯BKèÊé“>?IR=/YDì =rOQO =/DGIRLÍFnO#> ì OQ>?IK@UY¶=/Y¶ñ^I â VÑDÖO6BR>?ëÍè=ÉBE@UWdLÍBE=VÑD @U=/L±@?=rÿRO ì =ñËYg>­é—IKIR@UYg= ð ì =/âOB“éR=/@3>?ëÍ=±DÍ=>dêCBR@Uÿ8îTVÑ> â VÑâ åEëa>ÉIKY¸O?B ã =±ê€BE@Q>Uëaâ ê+ëGVÑY¶=­>?BÌVÑDéR=rOd>UVÑåaI“ì >U=ÌæÁY¶VÑåEëa>dê€=/VÑåEëE>nç ãFB IKDGLÍìPÍê+@U=/V¶LOUO?>Uã VÑë BEDÉFBEPGDG@?BRO ìG>?B°â FBEPÍY¶>?O´V¶BR>?D…Bì ò Fá B PÍDG@UIK=/Y¶OUYÑOñÖ>?ëGPM=/BaO?O?=ÐO?V OQã >?YÑ@U==/I OUì FIROxY¶I VÑD*ã V¶BEYÑVÑ@U>dLÍñ =@´V â >UB:PG@?@UB“=/éEL = â F=+=Da>Uì>­ëÍ= V¶O­DÍ=>?B>dê€L°BEV¸@?Odÿ ð >?DÍV¶B°DÍL°å =/O V¸O?VÑë D>UëÍ=>d= ê€N€=/=ëGDBR@ PMLB“êC@?V¶=DÍ@?åGè òoYTS6IRëÍDG=L¯êCê€=/=rIRIKÿ ÿ±DÍB° L° =/DÍO/îÍB°L°P =/O>?>?æÁV¶=EDÍò å*åMò BEâ DÍYÑB ñËã >?VÑëÍY¶==:PÍPMëÍB“BEêCDÍ==r@?ç#è ê€Y B ì Y¸MLs YÑBBRÿ èÁI BR@+ã BKI:>?>?O Y¶ì =VÑDÍ>UI=rF ã ÿ*YÑ= èÁ@Uã B IRâ F ÿ ã>UëÍBR=DÍ=ï ì IK=DG@UL*ñ*>?@U@ B IKì DG>UOQVÑèÁDG=å@6IK>U@?Y¶Yo=/=R>?ëÍò =/VÑ@+LÍIK>UI>?BÉVg>rî°@?= â B“éV¶DÍåJ>UëÍ= â O?=Y¶éR=/O6IEO 



?

;"#



c'-

#%:;-

_z{o0m€fQz r

W[c c

0'1



7

s h\

+=/F =Da>?Y¶ñRîLÍê+I“> VÑ>?I ë¥ã IES6OQ= V¶Dañ°@U=/ûO?A5 =/IR@U÷gF ø ëÏrúzò+ëGIES6OëÍ=éR=/âDa> IKì Wd@UBR=/@LÏF V¶ëGDEIK>UY¶BýY¶=DÍ>?ëGåE=Ö=Ì>UIKëÍ@U=/=I@U=ÈBRV¸è O¯>?B  FBEDG O?=/@UséR=  ã I“>Qð >?IK=D @Uñ IELPoðÅB“ëGê€B=/FË@PÍê+ëñ°ëGOQVÑY¶V¸=FIRFYCB < â KP ?@ V¶IRDÍL°å^V¶BFBEDÍDE=>U>dVÑê€D ìBEB@?ÿ ì Oã =æ‡IR>dêCPÍPÍ=@U=/B—D öVIâ D I“ìÍ>U=râçã IR=/åR@ÉåEBR@?=/è#åEéRI“=/>U@?=±ñ^ï O?ì V â=/@?PÍV¶=/Y¶OÉ=±B“O?=éRD°=/@ð â ì ì ì ì >?èÁOQ@?ëÍBEB @U= â O*â æ =/BR IE>?F =rëBKOU>Uç#â =/V¶O O BRE>?çâ =Rò…îGBRäzê+@U>=ëÍ> ==*@U@?= DGFO:âV¶=B DaIK>ÐD>:ñ*>?ëG>?V¶ëGIRDEIKDÌ>U=>@UOQ=/==/ö°OQDG>?=rL°V¶FDÍV¶DÍå >UåËVÑBRDÍV¶P°DGå>UL°V >UâV¶ëÍéV¶V¶=±H/L IKìï >?IKV¶BRY=/D@?â V¶=/BR=/OPÍOUO?PoVÑDIRBRåR@?>U=/> ëÍO+ì =ËDÍ>?B±VgDÍ>U=VÑI =r>dO#ê€ã IKBEIR@U@?O?=3ÿÖ=:BROQæÁ>UPoVÅI“ò ==E>UDÍò\VÑBE=rV¶DDL ã ñ¯>Uâ ëÍ=:V¶á Da>?â:=@ ã IRF>?V¶BRD ã =>dêC==/D>?ëÍãÍ=ì DÍ=>dêCBR@UÿVÑDGå­PÍ@?BR>?B°FBEY\IRDGLï ì =@Uñ±PG@?B°F=rO?O?V¶DÍåËIKY¶åRBRð èÁ@?Od@?>UVÑ>?B @Uë IRâ VÑDýO/IRòåRBRåEè3@?@U=/=/åEFI“V¶==>UDa=*Da>Ë>Uï û@Uì =A =Y¸I“@UL°VÑ>U=r=/V¶O@?L =rBEFn@UDÍ>?=/Y¶YÑñO?ñÆ=/IK>U@ BF V¶ëýY¶è LÍì OxIKY¶Yg@UBRð =GD =rUL°ëÍRåRV¶ Y¸ÿoI“I î“>?V¶=OQBRöëMDM>?IKIK=@UDMY€VÑDÍL°ï å^VÑì DG=/PGå@?@?ñ >?BRëG>?IK=#B°Y¶FåRV¶LÍBE= =/Y¶ã O IR@ OxIÍ>UëGòVÑD*I“á >¯S6O?åRV¶D=/B Fñ°BEûÐã DG=A L ð ñRëGBRIRDMO?ë°L ðÅ>UI Dã ìYÑ=r>UOÐ=Y¶æY¶Oû I XÐV¶DS#O?çxF/BEIK@€Y¸I BRã >?V¶ëÍY¶Vg=/>dñE@CòMLÍN€V¶OQëÍ>?BR@UV @ ãGLì îo>?ô=rLËF=/ëGIKIEDMOQOdëG>UVÑBRDÍ@UåÉ=O?IRF DGëGL= â N =/á Ox&:>?BÉ÷ =Í*î KFú V¶=ì DaO?>U=YÑñ L°V¶â OQ>?IK@UP±V ãÍLÍì >?I“=r> LI VgOd>U>U= BRâ @U=/O+LJV¶V¶DED>UB O ì BRF DÍë=JDÍDÍ=B°>dê€L°=BE@?èÁÿ°@UBOTâ V¶O\@?I=/YÑPoB°BKF/>UI“=>?Da=r>?L V¸IKì Y¶PoY¶ñ*BRDéR=/=/@?Dañ*>?@ Y¸IKIKDG@UåRF= =´>?ì B DÍV¶>?éRëÍ=/=C@UO?DÍ=3B°L°BKè=CDÍê+B°ëÍL°==/@UO/=´òÍ>US6ëÍ=Cë ì ëGO/IRîÍO?LÍëÍI“V¶DÍ> åI è ì DGFn>UVÑBED¯LÍ= â IKDGLGO€VÑ>+OQëÍB ì Y¸L ã =RòüýëÍV¶YÑ=>?ëG=/O?=IRYÑåEBR@UVg>Uë â O€IR@?=ÐëÍVÑåEëÍY¶ñ­= *FV¶=Da>/îa>UëÍ=ñ 7



T  %##% 

2

&



*

 =2

)!

`

ã á â:ã â ¶èÁVIKOBR@U@ =ËLÍO?=DÍñ°>?BR=/Od>É>U@ =â L°â V¶V¶DÍ@?ð =râ =/FnLÆIR>UYÑVÑ=ñDaö>UPGIRIRPÍYÑVÑV¸DGPÍF=/VÑY¶>?L±V¶Y¶F/ñ IVÑDGã LÍY¶ñ=Ë=ö¯V¶>UD ëÍOQ>?= @ ìì FO?>=ì@rV¶ò=@U=/Daá O/>Uî°ûO:>?AL°ëM=/I“îOU> ê+F@UIKëÍV @Uã ==3=/@U=±L…DÍBKî LÍ> á#IKâ >UâIÌIRã DGPÍVÑ=/IKY¶IEDaåEF>U=/û= L±A'==/ö°DaFPÍ>ÉIRY¶DV¶BEFDVgì >UYÑOQñIÌ=*ã L°ûHñ*=/X é>?V¶S+ëGF==O =V¶O€DGPÍL@Uð ì=/O?O?==Da@r>?ò =rá L DÍVÑBKD>UëÍ÷ÑøQ=xK@€úÅ=?òE8äXD­BR@?>?>€ëÍBKV¸O€è…PGL°IK=rOQPoV¶=åR@CDGVÑIKDÍD*åIKFY¶BåRâBE@?PÍVÑ>?Y¶ë=ö­â ï èÁì BE=@…@UWdñBRVÑV¶DGD*åJB“è‡éEIR=F@xVÑY¶VgI>UVÑûH=rO´X V¶SDË?=/â L…O ò S6IÉëÍO?ñV¶Oâ IRâ PÍPÍ=@U>?BE@UV¶IRFF ë:PÍV¶VÑPoDG=O?Y¶=VÑDÍ@?>U=rOLIRëGYÑYaIR> O?ì ë°PÍð¶WdYÑ=rBRO\V¶D±>?B Y¶V¶ãÿR=­=Wd÷ BR—V¶DÍúzò=rL:BED°ð>UëÍ=ð Gñ3V¶DÉIJN á & ûHX S ÷ “úÅî ì O?VÑDGå ã â âì ã þF°ì FIROËäXY¶I D^BRã Dý>?YÑ=ÈëÍI =ì û >ULÍV¸B OdIKâ >U>U@?II“V ãÍ>UV¶ì IRF>UO?=/=*OULF@?IR=rûÐYÑOQV¶DÍ=rIKIKå >U@ IÖF IRë^þDG>?L F@ B ì YÑBaFn>IRì L @?=rDÍã OÌVÑIK>dY¸æÅñRIKþ°î\DMûÐ>?FëÍû3V¶DÍ=/þ°å^@?=±O çnVÑDýî#ëGIRO ëGOì VÑF åEë ë =/=IRïD O ì O?=kV¶@UåRX
ñEDÍð V F÷Ñø IR“Daúz>îxì ê+PoV¶DELGVÑ>U>?I“=ëÏ>?@U==/IðÅOQ@ >I“èÁBKV¶>UD = ð YÑã Ba=IR>dLÍê€O/=/ò =áD­D FY¶VÑV =/â Da>UPoO´BRIR@?>UDGIKL Da>­OQ=/L°@?éEMV o=@ =/O\@?=/IRDGDGFL =IKê+@U=€VÑ>?>Uë ë ì Oû O(XÐDÍS+BR> O QV¶POì >?@UëM= I“3>Ë< þ°Kû< ûOdþ°>U@ O ì âFn> ìIRÿR@?=r=¯OòIÆá LÍY¶O?V¶OQBG>?îRV¶DGHû FnX >UVÑS+BED O ã ì ã >?IKF ëÍìÍ@U= =±â LÍ@?OQ=r>U=/IKOQO?V¶DMVÑYÑåEV¶F=DÍ=/DM=/O/FLÈò…=*þBRBèÁD^=râ I“I >=Éì @?@?=rIE=rFOJLÌ=/>UDEDÍëG>3=I“>d@U> ê€=/O?BEIK=/@?@UIKÿÌ=Ë@ F DÍBKëè=rFëG=/IEDÍOUOOU@UIK=IEY¶@UV¶LÍñI L°>?@UYÑBÆ=/=­OUOdOQF> =rBRI—LDÍñÆDÍ>?=rëGFFnBR=É>UDÍVÑPGBEDG@?DG=/B FnOã >Uî=/YÑê+= L^â ëGV¶=D BK@U=/èxO IRì ëGOF =ë þÍ>?=/ûÐ@?ëGBEû3IRåR@Uþ°=/O?ODÍë =Y¸IRFB V¶F ì @?ÿ Oð O?FF IKëÍY¶Y¶= =/â LÉI3>?ëGVÑDa= >? =/åR@  I“>UVÑ BEDV¶D*?==YGV¶D èÁBR=@6>€L°IR=YDGòRPÍBK>?@?V¶BEDÍPMå BaâOQ=#IRIDÍVÑèÁPBEì@ â Y¶IKIR>?V¶Y°DÍèÁå:@UI OUâ F ëÍ==êCâ BR@UIEÿ O â ã â â ÿa=IKöDGDG>?LB“=/ê+DGD L°IR=/>?PÍL¯=/PÍF >UV¶ëGDÍB DÍåEÐV¶O ï ó ì ==r >dOJê€LÍèÁ=/BEI“=@±> D­I æÁ>UV¶â DëÍéR= B°=/L°@U=/O?V¶=rY¶D±O:ç3÷g< OUø F —KëÍúz OIRì PÍ÷ @UK=PÍúÅòaV¶êCDÍäXD­åEBRO:@U>?ÿ*ëGVÑD =BRD >UF/ëÍIRá =ËO?=#â:@UBK=ã è…Y¸V¶I“=>U>UDaëÍVÑ>UBE=ÐûDG?=3= IK>U@UB= î ãÍì V¶Y¶L¯BRD±>?ã ëGV¶O+êCBR@Uÿ èÁBR@#Fì @?=rI“>UVÑDÍåÉB ì @ Ðó  ì OUF ëÍâ = â IÉVÑDa>U=åR@ I“>UVÑBED±FB â PMBEDÍ=Da>rò á O6èÁBE@ UåRI BaIKIRY¸O#O?=>UB IK@ á F ëÍâ:VÑ>?ã =/V¶F=> Da>U@Uû=3Aê€î BEãÍ@?ÿ8ì >3îÍêCê+=Vg>UO?ëÆëÍB IËèÁY¸B°L F ì O=DaBE>?DV¶BRëGDIKDMU =“@UúzBRîÍDÍê+=/ëÍåRV¸=/F DÍëB ìO?ëGOIRIR@?L°=rOð ëÍ=ö°B°=/FÐF OUì F >?ëÍV¶BR= D…â ò—IKäz>U> IÍâ òS6I“>UëÍF =3ëG=/OQOñ°OQO?>?F =ëÍâ = â ì IROQO\=rOCVÑD IRIKåRD:=/DEIE>xL>?ðz=/ëÍF B°ëGFKDÍîrBRäXY¶D°BRèÁåEBRñ@ â >UBI“>?V V¶â BRD PÍY¶+== â >U=@?DaV¶=>6é“=IRöYE>?Y¶VÑ=/ÿEDG=COQVIRã PÍY¶=PÍ@Uï BEì IE=/F @?ë…ñ î ã IRO?=/L±BRD¯ÿR=/ñaêCBR@ LÍO6I“>?>UIEF ëÍ=/LË>?BÉ>UI ã Y¶=IKDGL¯FBEY ìÍâ DDGI â =rOò &



-

5 -2:

M):;-(

-:

+

+.:

@



àdÜxÙ â ãÍì ì ì ì ì èÁDÍS6BR=ëÍ@x>d= êC=ö°BR=/@UFÿ I“ì WdBRBE>?è V¶@:DÍâ åFBEIRï DEDì >UñR@?=îV@UPoVÑ=rBEO(OU>UO?VÑV¶BEVDËã D^Y¶IJñJBKL°Oè+=/â BFIRY¶IRYÑ@Ya@UIKL°@?>?=r=V¶OQééR=rV¸=EFIKîK=/@ BRO/F P°ëÈòüÆ>UVV¸âO:=6V¶I¯IRH/L°I è BEã P°YÑYÑY6= >\ïY¶LÍIRIKDÍ=>Uå I@UìñÈMIRB“PGåRêÈ@?=EB°î“=FöB“=réR=rO?F=O?ì@´V¶DÍ>UIRVÑåD*BEDIKIR@ BRLF DJðzëÍëÍVgBEB°>U@U=/F+LÍF @UR=/@U< L = â ì âì BRëÍOd>U@ B“@?L°ê=r=I @Uû =/LÐOËV¸Od> >UIRì @?DGVPÍãÍLýYÑì=€>UIKêC=/@ULI—@?éEV¶éR=/XÐ=O8IR>UIKO?ëÍë>±@UB =Sì öI åE=rã ë3F Y¶=/>?>UëÍOÈVÑ=CBEæ‡DýOHû ìÍX PGã I“OQS+=>?O >?>Tç*=/BK@?èGDGFIRIRO*DYÑYE>?PGëGã IKIK=È@?>±>?VÑV¸PÍDMF@UFV¶PGBRBRI“PM@UPo>UIKVÑBRåEDG@ IKå#I“>?DÍ>?==rB°LV¶L°D =/OQO/PG=ròI IRüÆâ @UIR=xYÑYÑ=rY¶ëM=O?O?I—Y Y¶éRñÖ=xV¶O?DýëÍYÑ>?B“V¶>?PÍê+ëGYÑD == IKï @ ì F =ëÍ@UVgVÑ>U=r=/OFò…> äXì D @U=#PÍ>U@UB V¶DGO Fì V¶PÍPÍY¶Po=RBRîT@?LÍ>6IK= >U*IFO?V¶ëG=IKDa@U>6V¶DÍåRåY¶B ãIKDGIRYoL^V¶DGï L°ì V¸=/F@?=rñO€V¶DÍ>?ëGåIKVÑ>+DÆF/>?IKëGDË=*>?DÍ@ IK=DG>dêCO?PGBRIK@U@Uÿ=DaV¸OJ>UYÑBRñ­D^IRF/IF=/P YÑì=/@U@?IK=/>?YÑñ = IRO ì LF ðzëTëÍB°î°Fê€=Jã IRëGO?I—V¸éEOî\=ê+IEL°ëÍé“=IK@U=*DGFLÍ=/I“LË> I>?ëÍF=IROQD >UIKã >?=Ë=3@?BK=/èPÍ>?YÑëGV¸F=IK>?IK=r@?L>6V¶BRDDÆ
< >?RëÍUðÅ= åEâ @UIROVÑò DÍ=rLÈ> ì PÍY¶=*Y¶=éE=YÅò á O V¶L°L°=/=/OUDaFS6>?@UVëGV ã I“=/=/>#L¯L…OUî ëÍIKã V¸=/LBR@?=îÍ>?ë^êCBRPÍ=3V¶DÆPoO?BR=>?=J@?ëÍ> =ËìI âDÍIRVg@?PG>U=rVÑYÑ=rI¯=JOC@UBK>?Bè+BÉB ï âè ìì @?=èÁ>?@UBEëÍñÌ@+=/VÑ@+PÍDa@UBR>?B°=/P°F@?>U=/=rV OUâOdO?>UVÑVÑV¶DÍDGH=å å>?èæ»ëGWdì BE=> VÑì DTï @UîTì =J=PGê€@UIRñ­BE@Q>U@?PÍVgÿ8>U@?òVÑB°BEFD…=/VÑî…@ OUOQOQBR>#V¶@DÍB åL°V¶OQîÍOQ>?>?ê€@ @UI“V=3ãÍ>U=ëGì åEI—>?VÑ=réE=rL =O >?ê€BR=3PÍðê+&V¶YÑçnYTîRFIEBRO(DGê€L =/ì YÑFnYM> IR O@ V¶D­OQ>6BR=P°ö°>UPMV â =/@?V¶V Hâ V¶DÍ=å3Da>U>?O+ëÍ=+IRDGDGL¯=>dB êCã BR> @UIKÿaV¶V¶D±DÍå3Po=PÍ@?@UèÁBKBR>U@ Bâ FIKBRDGYÅò“FäX=DÉ@U>?=/ëÍO ì=+YÑDÍ>UO/=òö>´èÁ=ê â BRDa>?ëGO

ÈÜ€Ù ß QÞ



2


TÛ TÙ ß 



rl ¼#À8¼Rvx «°{Ubdf 

_K v ¼K Հ{ ·Kja{Ubn_“i/j|!tÍ"#¼  %i$&¨E¼…'ÇC)(«R*yde©wJ$%$e  *i+yd( e©_°¨rj:qR¿zi/lh©Ã§/, -¨/.0bd/)e»yd1r~asKwJ_flnq/ª¶¨/srb´mR¼ |RegfzyXbde©³EcEyd{n|¹“ca{Ubde©{ f ¼ ÂK¼#À8:9¼a$&¾;={Ubd@fzyd{ ?e©j­4 ;=i/B|A½_ͼÂ/ZsR¿z~ale©ÃcM, ¼ -0€/“fXkregpRjE_§3lnfXq/{ sRwJl/¼e»²32z¨/egjEf(yd¨3fX¨rh©·—{6bd{ hgiydeg¨/jih¹“ca{Ubde©{ f ¼54 6) ! 78 mR¼ |EZ€i¼/yQ¾i³¨/³ai/fXe©ja{6{ ydi/{UcM¬?_~ETjaeg¼/¹“¾ca¨/{ caf§rª¶i/¨/jabxe©ydw ~a_r{6À8fX¼rwÀ…icabX¬Qyd~a¬ni{?bQbQ|Íi/hʼ…_—]Åij j| D À8

E¼ GC\F&i/HJhg|RILcEKNbde©M { rOyd~aP{U$fXegRf QP_ ;TCjES=e©$ ·—U{UbdV%fXW5e»yd${ e»yx$

·r ij v€XwJKYfzM'yd{?>XbQ|aBi/Zw $_E Ä $i 7º [\Â/p/ ^p—]'ÂK¼ 6$ !_V*!R$%*`$N;#aa7 ! V -K¼#À8¼¾\¨rja¬ i/ja| Z€¼}Mbd{ e 2Åyd{ hʼRvxw³ae©{ j“yQ|R\³ ,b€{ hgiydeg¨/jihK¹KcE{UbXº6«Rbd¨“¬ { fXfXe©ja§€e©jÐi´«°Â«#ja{Uy¦¨/bd®°¼ }M{ ¬?~Ejae©¬nih\bx{ «°¨/bXy´]+t“²Rb€prm/p-“_°Z\[^]Q_u/caja{ Âprp/mR¼ 1R¼#uR¼¾\bd{ {UfX{r_8½¼oÕC{ ¬Q®—{UbdwijM_Gij|Z€¼o`#ir|Ee©{r¼ T wJ«Ee»bdeg¬ i/h\v€jih»ºEfXe©f ¨/ªxÀbd{n|Ee©¬Uyde©·—{:vxhg§/¨/² bd!e»ydR~E$wJ7*7 nf(+$ª¶J¨/b $ Z_aur¨rcEh©hgh©i/ºË³°ln¨q/bQiqrydsKe©¼·—{Ò8e©h»yd{Ubde©ja§R¼ ]Åcj D

EGFdqpmKgufX¬ i/qjE¬npmi/Kg«EfXca