2014 4th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence with Applications in Engineering and Technology
An Adaptive Approach for RFID Based Data Dissemination in VANETs Through ABC Algorithm Using Android Mobiles Lalitha R.V.S. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sri Sai Aditya Institute of Science and Technology, Surampalem, India.
[email protected]
Jaya Suma G. Department of Information Technology, JNTUK-University College of Engineering, Vizianagaram,India
[email protected]
Abstract — Recent applications on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks(VANET) focus on safety driving and rescue operations involved freeing from danger situations. Geo Locations of the vehicles can be obtained using Geographic Position System(GPS). As well, RFID assisted vehicles can have Location Information(Latitude and Longitude positions of the Vehicles) written through tags. By comparing the location information obtained from GPS and RFID information gathered from tags, the performance of the transmission mechanism is levered. The proposed approach uses RFID tags on the road side at danger locations and at junctions. In this paper, RFID assisted vehicles reads data written in RFID tags using RFID readers in the mobiles automatically for taking vital decisions. This reduces the forwarding of counterfeit messages over VANETs as the messages transmitted using GSM communication is retraced with the data stored in the RFID tags. This could be a better cost effective approach as the RFID tags are less in cost. The derived solution is optimized using ABC(Artificial Bee Colony) Algorithm as this approach provides attractive methodology in obtaining information from the neighborhoods.
GSM Internet
Fig.1. Communication established between mobile, printer and laptop using GSM communication in VANETs.
Keywords - VANET;ABCAlgorithm;Broadcasting;GCM Services;Location Information.
RFID Antenna Middleware
I.
INTRODUCTION
Today’s research brings to a focus about improving safety measures in VANETs. The VANET users communicate among them about the Location Information on the Geographic earth using Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM) services. The conventional way of communication between the network users over the VANET is through OBU (On Board Unit) fixed in cars. This is feasible for normal communications like sharing data over the network, taking a printout even while moving through car and in some way of monitoring home appliances. This has been connected to GSM communication through mobiles. Sometimes this may not be entrusted due to some adverse effects of undesirable communication held. The forwarding of messages using GSM communication is shown in Fig.1.
978-1-4799-7910-3/14 $31.00 © 2014 IEEE DOI 10.1109/ICAIET.2014.56
RFID server
RFID tag
Fig.2. RFID based communication linked with GSM Communication
The mechanism of availing GSM communication in VANET, the challenging issues resolved by using Proximity Sensors[2] and the optimization done using Ant Colony Optimization algorithm to compute the shortest path is discussed in my previous work[2]. In this paper, our discussion continues in tracing cost effective solution by associating RFID Technology with VANET communication in transmitting emergency messages during mishaps/accidents. Finally, the targeted solution is refined using ABC(Artificial Bee Colony) Algorithm for fast retrieval of data from neighborhoods.
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A. RFID Communication RFID is a technology used to transmit radio waves between the reader and the object that is tagged with RFID tags. The main components of RFID transmission are 1.RFID Tag. 2. RFID Antenna 3. RFID Reader 4. RFID server (PC). RFID is a label that contains micro chip in it. This micro chip used to transmit data when it is exposed to radio waves[5]. Chip holds information about the physical object. This information is read through Antenna by reader and is stored in the server for further processing. The resultant RFID communication which is shown in [Fig.2] gives awesome effects in storing accurate Location Information as it does not require any physical insight and also stores the information in the RFID server automatically. This requires a middleware to read data from RFID reader and store it in the database.
Fig.4. Graphical representation of ABC Algorithm
B. ABC Algorithm In ABC Algorithm[7] the colony comprises of three bees: Employed bees, Onlooker bees and Scout bees. Employed bees possess food sources. It is under the assumption that no. of food sources is equal to no. of Employed bees. Employed bees collects food from food source and come back to hive and dance in their hive. Onlooker bees get information of food sources by observing the movement of Employed bees while moving to food source and returning to hive. Onlooker bees watch the dance of employed bees and choose the nearby food source depending on the dance and then go to that source. The nectar amount of food source is estimated and registered. The Employed bees whose food sources are abandoned become scout and starts search for new food source investigated. The process flow is represented in the following flow chart Fig.3.
The actions are analyzed graphically in Fig.4. The Employed bees contain information about the food sources. The Onlooker bees get information from Employed bees and become employed. In doing so, they choose Employed bees that are nearer to them. At time T4 all the Onlooker bees contain information about food sources from the Employed bees and collects food from the same locations as with Employed. The Scout bees get information randomly either from the Employed bees or from the Onlooker bees and collects food from food source. At time T7 all food sources are consumed and Employed bees also become Scout bees. At time T9 the cycle repeats as Employed bees are restored. This graph gives clear analysis of various transitions occurred in searching and collecting food by bees. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 discusses the various methodologies adapted in VANETs as a part of Related Work. Section 3 describes the Communication across VANET users using GSM communication[2] services. The Section 4 explains about the VANET communication using GSM merged with the RFID Technology which is the heart of this paper. The targeted solution is optimized using ABC(Artificial Bee Colony) Algorithm in Section 4. Finally how effectively the communication is established with the appliance of RFID tags in VANETs is analyzed in Conclusions. II.
RELATED WORK
Kapil.N.Vhatar et al had discussion in his paper[5] about identification RFID tags positioned at various Computer Labs detected by RFID reader attached to mobile devices. This work was implemented in J2ME. As Android mobiles are latest technology to develop mobile applications, this work envisaged me to apply RFID communication through Android mobiles for emergency situations in case of accidents for giving effective transmission. Dale R.Thompson gave clear architecture[6] about various ways of applying RFID tags in various application areas like Supply Chain Management, Passports etc. Eun-Kyu-Lee et al from California University addressed the problem of position
Fig.3. ABC Algorithm-Act of Employed bees, Onlooker bees and Scouts in searching for food sources.
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accuracy of GPS and non-GPS vehicles and RFID enable vehicles[7]. This work was simulated with qualnet simulator. Wei.Z.HOU discussed in his paper about scheduling of RFID read attempts[4] and this work was carried out as a part of NSF grant. In this paper how lane change assistance is done with the help of RFID tags was discussed. Lizun Wei addressed the problem of computing loading patterns of routes using Fibonacci heap data structure and Tries data structure. Tries data structure[1] is used to load the information of the routes and Fibonacci heap data structure is used for computational intelligence. The communication across VANET using and GSM linked with Proximity sensors[2] is already discussed in our paper[2]. Now the discussion is going on VANET communication linked up with the RFID Technology and the issues related. III.
viewed on the Google Map as in Fig.10 and is stored in the Web Server as in Fig.12. To analyze the traffic all the user positions are required. This can be viewed on Google Map as in Fig.11. Also this data is stored in the Web Server as shown in Fig. 13. As a preliminary check, to restrict passive node communication, the messages coming from out of range are blocked by the Web Server and will not be allowed to transmit. The information maintained in the Web Server is very useful in post investigations.
COMMUNICATION ACROSS VANET USERS USING GSM COMMUNICATION SERVICES
Breakdown car Fig.6. Deploying app in Android Mobile
Fig.7. Authentication check for VANET user
Fig.5. Communication across VANETs using GSM Services
The vehicle to vehicle communication is established using GSM communication during the occurrences of accidents. The communication mechanism is simulated using Android Technology. This is tested for real time application[2]. This implementation results are shown below. The nodes in VANET have to logon to the network for validating authentication information with the web server. The nodes send the emergency information to Web Server and the Web Server in turn sends this information to nearby users using Google Cloud Messaging services. This is implemented in Android mobile and tested. The sequence actions performed are like this. Fig. 6 shows the deployment of app in mobile application[3], Fig.7. shows how login verification of the VANET node is done with the Web Server,Fig.8 shows sending emergency information to Web Server along with device id for broadcasting information to nearby users Fig.9 shows how the message is received by VANET user. The Web Server maintains the Location Information of all users added in VANET and also users with the range. The individual user Location Information is required in tracing the origin of the message. This can be
Fig.8. Sending SMS to nearby VANET users
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Fig.9. Receiving GCM Notification by VANET users.
IV.
OPTIMIZING VANET COMMUNICATION THROUGH ABC ALGORITHM
The performance degradation usually occurs due to contention, congestion and sometimes due to link failures. Retracking is required for every transmission to test whether they are trustful or not base on the significance of the message. Hence this methodology is linked up with the RFID Technology for cross verification instantly. The analogy of interpreting ABC Algorithm to VANET Communication is simulated in Android Platform and tested for results.
Fig.10. Location Information of Individual an user on the Google Map
A. Methodology The communication established between the VANET nodes, non-RFID VANET nodes, RFID based VANET notes and the Base Station is phrased like this. Base Station serves the role of Employed bees and provides Location Information, Message Transmission and all the details required. The main function of Base Station is to deliver and monitor the messages coming in and going out of the network. RFID Assisted Vehicles act as Onlooker bees gets information from the Base Station and becomes Message Sources. They transmit the messages over the network through Base Station. non-RFID VANET nodes(who are not equipped with RFID tags) simulates the process of Scout bees and do enquiries about the reasons for traffic jam/disturbance randomly by SMS to all near by nodes within the range. VANET node also gets information from the Base Station, RFID Assisted Vehicle, non-RFID assisted Vehicle. This may act similar to non-RFID VANET node or it can share information across network by using any other protocol like IrDA, Bluetooth, ZigBee etc. The following diagram Fig. 14. represents the interconnection of all the nodes for sending/receiving information through RFID tags using NFC communication technology.
Fig.11. Location Information of all users those are within the range of transmission from the accident spot
Fig.12. Location Information and Message Transmission time of the individual user maintained by Web Server.
Fig.13.Location Information and Message Transmission time of all users maintained by Web Server.
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Web Server in response to inquiry by the non-RFID node is illustrated in Fig.18. By applying the principle of ABC Algorithm to RFID based communication in VANETs the transfer of messages is done across the RFID detected devices as well as the devices that are not equipped with the RFID tags. By this the reception of messages by the end user is made efficient.
Fig.15.Reading Fig.16.Reading data from Data from one RFID tag two RFID tags
Fig.14. RFID Based Communication across VANETs through Android Mobiles
During emergency situations the transmission of emergency messages over the network are done by Base Station. With the evolution of NFC(Near Field Communication) in Android Mobiles, it became ease in development of Apps for broadcasting messages over the network in an intelligent way. In real time, the RFID tags are placed at danger prone locations and the information of the tags are read by RFID reader at the Base Station. Base Station uses middleware to read data from tags and store it in the local database. In this paper NFC service of the Android mobile is used for testing. Enable NFC service of the Android Mobile to exchange data between RFID tags and mobile through Android Beam installed in the mobile. In this paper, reading of RFID tags is done by bringing mobile nearer to tag as part of testing. This data is sent to Web Server for transmission over the network. Base Station acts as a Web Server to transmit messages over the network and to receive messages from the RFID assisted vehicles through and the non-VANET nodes through SMS(Short Message Service) service. Web Server uses Google Cloud Messaging(GCM) services to broadcast it over the network. The simulation results are shown below. The detection of RFID tags and transmission of message is shown in Fig. 15. Reading of data from two RFID tags from RFID assisted vehicle is shown in Fig.16. The message transmission of the Web Server illustrated in Fig. 17 which is in response to RFID assisted vehicle. The message transmission of the
Fig.17. Message from RFID assisted vehicle
Fig.18. Message from non-RFID VANET node
V. CONCLUSIONS The Communication mechanism established in the VANET using GSM services may sometimes fragile if fake message transmission is occurred. The suggested mechanism outperforms well in the Personnel Area Networks, Industry related applications and danger prone areas where forewarning is essential. This work leads to an investigative approach that enriches manifest information of Accident spot available across VANET nodes as well as
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other nodes in the network. With the optimization of ABC Algorithm, the superfluous information will be abstained from the VANET nodes as soon as the traffic is cleared. This helps in suppressing redundant and outdated data across the nodes. The application of ABC Algorithm to RFID based VANETs brings in agile solutions in delivering messages across VANET nodes to both RFID based nodes and non-RFID based VANET nodes.
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[7]
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REFERENCES Lizun Wei et al,”An Adaptive Variable for Neighborhood Search for a Heterogeneous Fleet Vehicle Routing Problem with ThreeDimensional Loading Constraints” IEEE Computational Intelligence,2014. [2] R.V.S.Lalitha,Dr.G.Jaya Suma,Ph.D,“Alleviating the effect of Security Vulnerabilities in VANETs through Proximity Sensors”, [Accepted to be published in Springer AISC series], Department of CSE,Sri Sai Aditya Institute of Science and Technology, Surampalem, India, Associate Professor,JNTUK-University College of Engineering ,Vizianagaram,India2014. [3] R.V.S.Lalitha,Dr.G.Jaya Suma,Ph.D,”A Contemporary Solution to Ferret Out and Obviate the Fake Messages in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks By not Percolating through Web Server”[Accepted to be published in Elsevier], Department of CSE, Sri Sai Aditya Institute of Science and Technology, Surampalem, India. Associate Professor, JNTUK-University College of Engineering ,Vizianagaram,India2014. [4] Wei.Cheng,”On the Design and Deployment of RFID assisted Navigation System for VANETs”,IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distribution Systems,Vol 23,No.7.,2013. [1]
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Kapil.N.Vhatkar,”Internal Location based System for Mobile Devicesusing Passive RFID and Wireless Technology”,Computer Technology Department,Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute,Bombai. Dale R.Thompson, “RFID Technical Tutorial”, Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering,University of Arkansas. Eun-Kyu-Lee, “RF-GPS : RFID Assisted Localization in VANETs”, Department of Computer Science, University of California,IEEE,2009. Pei Wei Tsai et al,“Interactive Artificial Bee Colony (IABC) Optimization” Bichlie Hoang et al,”RFID”,IEEE. Candido Caballero-Gi,”Light Weight Authentication for RFID used in VANETs,Conference,SPAIN,2011 Andres Ortiz,”A Scaled Test Bench for Vanets with RFID Signalling”,Springer,2009. Gurjot Singh Gaba et al,“Intellignet Cars using RFID Technology”,IJSER,2012. Shivani et al,”Route Planning in VANET by Comparitive study of Algorithms”,Amritsar,Vol3,Issue7,2013
