/P6 . AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY. OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
IN JAMAICA. Compiled by Frank A. Erickson with assistance from Elizabeth B.
/P6
.
AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY DEVELOPMENT IN JAMAICA AGRICULTURAL OF Compiled by Frank A. Erickson with assistance from Elizabeth B. Erickson Development Tlanning Group Organizaticn for International Cooperation and Development U. S. Department cf Agriculture January 1979
Secretarial and Editorial Assistance Maria E. Reed Nancy Bizier
2 and 3 under This bibliography constitutes Reports (ERS-238-B-77) Contract No. 12-17-07-5-2198
AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPHEMT IN JAMAICA Compiled by Frank A. Erickson vith assistance from Elizabeth B. Erickson Developmet. Tlanning Group Organization for International Cooperation and Development U. S. Department of Agriculture January 1979
Secretarial and Editorial Assistance Maria E. Reed Nancy Bizier
This bibliography constitutes Reports 2 and 3 under Contract No. 12-17-07-5-2198 (ERS-288-B-77)
This document does not bear the approval (nor imply such) of the U.S. Department
of Agriculture, the United States Agency for International Development, or any of their offices. In view of its nature as a working paper, It should not be quoted without oermi'sion of the originating office. Any comments euuld be appreciated, and can be addressed to the author at: 4112 Auditors Building 14th and independence Avenue, Washington, D.I.. 20250
S.W.
TA.BLE 01 CONTENTS
INT " PCTION JAAICA AND PEGION: OVIFALL ECO4ONT AND REGIONAL AGRIClLTU'E................-o--*-*oo AGRICUtTURE:
OVE I!VS...
AGRICULTURE:
....
SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARATEPISTICS# -.. @0. ..-.. ..............
22 '..
SUPVETS# CENSUSES* STITISTICS ......
5
EXTENSION, EDUCATION* ORGAINIZIAGPICULTURE: ....... e.73 o........ . .e o... *.. TIOS. .. .... **o. -..
4G'ICULTURE:
LAND* NATURAL 9ESOUSCESO CPEDIT...-86
WFIZCULTMJE:
44?KE:Sv MARKE'TING.......... • . • ..
AGPICULT.lE:
?ECHN3L3GY
IGRICULTUR?: AGP ICULTURE:
P('LICY AND PLANNING.............. 154 ............ pPoOJECTS.............0
PGP.ICULTf1RE:
CONOITIE........................ 159
TECHNIQUES,
98
R'!SEZARC..119 1 39
AG' ICBLOrE : ISTAND TIOE.*..o.o.o
. o. . . .0....-
178
DIBLI3G.'APHIES AND D'OCEEDINGS.-**.....---...189
INTRODUCTION
This bibliography covers selected aspects of agricultural The work involved a search of development in Jamaica. sources available in the U.S. from October 1977 by the senior author and visits to Jamaica in December and February. Assistance was provided by Elizabeth Erickson during the February trip and subsequent phases of the work. It should be pointed out that the bibliography does not provide a complete coverage of all aspects of agriculture, nor of all sources. Thus, most material is 1962 or later, certainly all is post 1945. Further, only a selection of the technical literature has been made, with those considered narrowly agronomic omitted. Lack of time and the purpose of the bibliography made this decision necessary
though regretable, Also a full listing of articles from Zarnge, the publication of the Jamaican Agricultural Society could not be included, again due to time constraints. Finally, given time and locational constraints some works will have been inadvertently omitted. We make our sincere apologies to the authors. The form of the entries is based on guidelines provided in the University of Chicago _taual of Sty!_e 12th Edition; although % number of nodifications have been made. Where circulation of material is restricted, it is so noted. at Library locations in Jamaica, where known, are listed given the end of each entry. Only one location is usuall.y although it may also be found in other libraries. Lack of such an annotation does not indicate that the material is not available in Jamaica, especially in the case of journal, researched in the U.S. In some cases LC call numbers and a U.S. location are noted. The abbreviations used are: Fural Development Shelves, PDS/)ID/JAH XID, Jamaica PO/AID/JAM U.S. Embassy
Project Office, AID, Jamaica
Lib/JAK
U.S. Embassy Library, Jamaica
"O/J"
M.inistry of Agriculture Library, Jamaica
U.DP/JAH
U.N. Development Project Library, Jamaica
UVI/I.SEP
University of West Indies, Institute of Social and Economic Research Library
University of West rndies, West
UWI/WIC
GD/UvW/Jhm
Indies Collection, t.ain Library Geography Departmen , University of the West Indies,
Jamaica
clasThe bibliography is organized according to the subject abtrevations). sification listed below (with the appropriate J
Overall Economy and Jamaica and Region: Regional Agricultare
S
Agriculture: Overviews
Socio-.cofnomic Characteristics,
SC
Agriculture:
Surveys, Censuses, Statistics
E
Agriculture: t ions
Extension, Education, Organiza-
LC
agriculture:
Land# Natural Fesources., Credit
M
Agriculture:
Markets,
agriculture:
Technology, Techniques, Pesearch
P
agriculture:
Policy and Planning
Pr
Agriculture:
Projects
C
Agriculture:
Commodities
V
.griculture:
B
Marketing
Nutrition
Bibliographies ani Proceedings
matter category. Each item is entered in its major sabject for this To the right of each entry is the abbreviation matter areas primary category, folloved by other subject for material on a to which 't applies. "hus the search to the appropriate particular topic requires reference cross-classified in subject sub-division, plus material category or subother sections. within each subject division, entries are listed alphabetically. out under Contract Work on this bibliography was carried No. 12-17-07-5-2198 (EiS-288-5-77).
I Vr4AIC -
dd 0
0l
NDI 'EGION: abde---~ --
---
-
ABDULA:, Worma.
-- -
OVE ALL ECIORY 1tVD REGIONAL AGFICULrTPF e
- oee-l
-
-
o
-- e
e
The Lag;_
3
___i. occasional papers, Human 4n ?esources 1, St. Augustne, Trinidad: Institute of Social and Economic Oesearch, June 1977. Provides analysis and comparison of labour force data from recent population censuses, by country. Looks at participation rates, dependency between and characteristics of Provides working population and unemployed. sources, non-census available on information data. of quality and assesses
&WDIC, Fuat; Douglas. jo _pee .a Allen and
ANDIC, Suphan; and DOSSEr, :nteoE. Lon A 'heojy ofQEconomic rated t Din Cou.. Londcn: George Courtes. Unwin Ltd., 1971. Pp. 176.
JM
Develops a theory on benefits and costs of Measures losses dutrade area creation. to lack of free trade for alternatives suggested or present unions (CAR'F.A, EEC associates, CAC , an4 simple protection for several Caribbean countries including Price and income elasticities Jamaica. were estimated for rice, flour and a number on non-agricultural products (1959-67) and used with export elasticities to estimate losses from the various trade alternatives. .esults shoved oresent situation represents a substantial loss of trade compared to free trade and that alternative groupings would do little to ameliorate this loss. T 2.?L' V, Frank D. ,CAtIF A Changing to rommon Market, Seeking Strong Ties with EEC." o!2 n__9_1.icu9ture 11, No. 18, (April 30, 1973) : 8-9, 12.
Jo
arbbean BECKFOPD, George (Editor). and Social of Institute Zg nom, Economic Pesearch, University of the West Indies, 1975. [UWI/WIC: HC155.Bu3 1
Jo's
Essays on nature of West Indian society and economy stressing the theme of dependence. Includes articles on rural and mineral economy, public policy, and labor, plus a reading
-
-fe
2 list on Caribbean economic problems. ---.
"The Problem of Integration and
J84
CAPIFTA." Farmer 7'4, No. 2/3 (February/March 1969): 89-92, 94-98c 10n. and GUSCOTT, M. "Intra-Caribbean Agricultural Trade." Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Vest Indies, 1967. [UWI/I5EP] Mauice M., et 11. Leport of the BEPIPAUR, U.S. Economic-and Social Develoomgl
Commission to Jamaica. Pp. 52 + 8 Appenices.
J..
JVP
March 1971. [?DS/AID/JAM]
Provides reconmendatiops on needed projects and policy chanqes to further development. Includes an introductory history of the economy and major sections on agriculture and rural development, manpover training, financial institutions, planning and trade relations.
BLUM , Helmut. London: Illus.
The Cabbean Islands.
tongman Ltd., 1974.
J
Pp. U64
maps.
naaion: n the Compton (ed.). BOURN,, Caribbean. Mona, Jamaica: Institute of Social and Economic Studies, University of West Indies, 1977. Pp. 166. [JWI/ISEPi
J
Contains a series of articles on the topic from the Seventh Annual Conference of the Pegional Programme of Monetary Studies, October, 1975. Pipers relating to Jamaica are listed in separate entries. and PERSAID, Wilberne. "Financial Variables in the Tnflatior.ary Process: Tvo Caribbean Cases." In :nflation in the Caribbean, Compton BORJNE (ed.) Mona, Jamaica: Institute for Social and Economic Studies, 1977, pp. 1-27. [JWI/ISEP I
JeC
Develops a multi-equation model for price determination (using both aggregate demand an4 cost-oush framework), and uses it to analyse Jamaicar and -rinidad-Pobago data. Found for Jamaica that import prices and the price of bank credit were the most significant factors affecting inflation. B'EWFTE?, H. and THOMAE, C.Y.
"Dynamics
J
3 of vest Indian .conomic Integration." Institute of Social and Economic Pesearch, University c.Z vest indies, 1967, Chap. U.
c[tWI/ISER]
VOWN, Adlith and 8REWSTF, Havelock. "A .eview of the Study -f. Economics in the English-Speaking Caribbean." Scial and Economj_ Studjs 23, No. 1 (March 1974). 48-68. Bibliography. [(OA/JAM; URI/ISEF]
JF
Peviews economic research from 1940's to end of 1960's. Official reports etc. of 19an's and early 1950's stressed agriculture productivity, land reform, crop diversification. In late 1910's and 1960's academic research increased, and article reviews work on dependence, the effect of size, the nature of the plantation economy, and studies on inflation and consumption and savings functions, Gives recommendainput/output work etc. Useful research. tions for empiricil summary and analysis of hypotheses and work on West :ndios (including Jamaica). .UCKRIPE, G.F. ".ationalization as an Instrument for Development of Caribbean Proceelin soft.he_gigh if Agriculture." West ndian Agricultural Economics ConerSeLo
1-7. 1973.
f -ain -Eor
J
L_T inidaL.d.p_iil
St. Augustine, Trinidad:
Dept. of Agricultural Econon.'.cs, University of the West Indies, 1973. [IJI/IZER I This paper discusses the current efforts in CARIPT.A to promote closer co-operation in ngricultural DroduCtion and marketing and some of the problems inherent in Suggests developing such a stra-tegy. that given the common historical experiences, the national aspirations, the similarities in the Dhysical and climatic conditions in the region, co-operation in agricultural activities will probably depend in the final analysis on political considerations ind the degree of commitment to regional economic integration. C%'?ER, Nicholas G. "A Nacro-Economic Social Model of Jamaica 1959-1966. ' (June 2 No. 19, Studies and Economic UWI/ISE01 r0v.AM; 1970) : 178-201. Provides a 33 equation model to
jell
14
describe the structure of the economy Author categorizes over that period. the model as descriptive (to help understand the economy), rather than for use for forecasting or policy
purposes.
Model shows how economy
reacts to exogenc's factors such as
exports and touri'm.
Has elasticities
for food imports which are considered
by author to be very high (1.11) and indicative of 'ovwrall inadequacy' of agricultural sector. CHCDOS, Pobert.
The Caribbean Connection.
Toronto: J. Lorimer, (H1a80.15.C37C49
1971.
3
Pp. 269.
Discussion of Canadian/Caribbean relations. .'LEY, Basil. "A Comparative Analysis of Some Factors %ffecting Economic Growth in Jamaica and Puerto Pico, 1957-67." Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University
of Illinois, 1971. Jamaica's growth was much lower than Puerto Fico during 1957-67. Suggests that terms of trade deteriorated for Jamaica and not Puerto F ico, because of high proportion of primary exports,
sugar and bananas. rstimates price elasticities of 4emand for bananas, sugar cane and citrus. results indicated they were inelastic. :OOK!, !uxton V. "A Description of the Pecent Development and Trade Pattern of Jamaica." .. A. Thesis, Howard University, Washington, D.C., 1964. G.E. "Dependence, Development, and the Sociology of Economic Thought." Social and Economic Studies 23, 3 (Sept.
CUNP-P,
197U):
4F5-482.
(FiO
/JAM;
UOI/-SEPJ
A critique of 'Development of Dependence in Latin America and the Caribbean' by N. Girvan, claiming that Lewis had a move effective analysis thar Girvan suggests, that Seers has analysis of the open-economy and that reference to the evidence of the Cuban experience Also questions would be relevant. that Jamaica conclusion 1958 Ahiram's income unequal has an unusually 1963 study by Cumper gave distribution.
Jf
J,F
5
a lover coefficient than 1958v and thus is no higher than ECLA estimates for eight Latin American countries. Admits that data limitations make conclusions difficult to reach. "Incomes of Upper 2.5 Percent and 8.S Percent of Inconse Tax Payers in Pelation to National Income, ocjgJ, pnd c2!lm_ Jamaica, 1951-65." Studies 20, No. 4 (1971): 362-68. [COA/ .
Js
JAM; UWI/ISEP] Although there are cro3s-sectional studies of income distribution, there is no reliable published information on how income distribution in Jamaica has changed oie." time. On basis of reports on Conviissioner of Income Tax, study looks at data on relation of incomes at top of scale to national income. Analysis only permits limited conclusions but suggests that unless tax machinery has become more efficient, no substantial shift at the upper end of the income distribution occurred over the time period. ---.
"Levis' Two-Sector Model of Develop-
its
ment and the 'heory of Wages." Scial and Ego omic tudies 12, No. 1 (1963):
37-50.
rM~c'/JA01; tlW:/ISEP]
Discusses the Lewis model and suggests a modification on reservation wage, which is related to household 'level of propensity to sharp.' This is dependent on the number supported, the level of income guaranteed and the proportion of income which is redistributed. -
Preliminary Analysis of Population "--.
Growth and Social characteristics in Social and Econmie Jamaica, 1943-61." 393-431. (19E.3): No. 4 ] Studies 12,UW.T/!S!.F
[eRoA/aAP:
Looks a Census data for 1963 and 1960; develops fertility ratio; evaluates estimates; looks at gaps in data. DAVISCN, ..D. West trdianMiQrants: Social and _onomic Facts-of Migration from the west Indies. London: Institute
iF
6 of Pace Pelations, Orford University Press, 1962. Jon
DERAS, William. Zssas oCaS bben lntegrat on and Development. nona, Jamaica: Institute of Social and ?conomic Pesearch, University of West Indies, 1976. Contains 12 papers written between 1960 and 1975, and reprinted from elsewhere. A number relate to trade and common market issues within the Commonwealth Ca:ibbean, but also includes valuable comments on employment, and Lewis' analysis of Caribbean development. ---.
The Economics of Deveopment in Small Countries with.aecial Peference to-the Montreal: McGill University Cari bean. 1965. Press,
3
TIXE, George V. "Survey of the Jamaican (Mimeo) Economy," 1969. Pp. 5. [MOA/JPM: 338]
3
DONKLE¥, D. "Role of Failways in Jamaica: History and Impact." Unpublished undergraduate thesis., Dept. of Geography, University of West Indies, Mona, 1975. r GD/U WI/J4 M]
J
ECONOMIC CC0MISSICN FOP 1ATIN AI.PICk (ECL). _co Ic .al: beanCommunity Countries_ Trinidad Spain, Port of Activity_197A. and Tobago, 1977. Economic Survey2f LajQinei2ca 1976. Santiago, Chile, 1977.
J
LTD.Iqdiesarte eize 9NIT;est IR"ELLIGENCE ECONOMIST of the F.,cgnomic_?eview
J
Bahamas,
Gapa.
La, London.
[N'.Lj
Published quarterly giving up-to-date statistics and summary of economic and Also an political events in Jamaica. in-depth more a annual supplement provides prospects. and review of economic situation "The Honetary Sector of ELVIS, Dau. Jamaica." Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, finiversity of Mi,;higan, 1972. %ttempts to evaluate to what extent the ':pntral .ank of Jamaica can control banking system, given a dependent Develops an econometric environment.
J,LC
7 model of the monetary sector shoving interrelations to the foreign sector.
Suggests Bank of Jamaica policy 196199 had significant effect. !nfCHIAI, Lg. _
Pobert Vaughn. Prossctsf2r aribbe n. Washington: a_trhe gr e
,.S. Govt. Printing 'ifice, 1970. (HAL]
Pp. 31.
GALtnAY, Lloyd George. "Planning and Growth in the Jamaican Econoiy between 1944 and 196U." Unpublished M.A. Thesis, Howard University, Washington, D.C.* 1967.
J
GIPVAN, Norman P. "Foreign Investment and Economic Development: !he Case of Jamaica since World War II." Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, University of London, 1966.
3
Capital aniEconomic nde r f_1t" develnpment in Jamaia. Kingston:
-#--.
JS
Institute of Social and Economic Pesearch, University of West Indies, 1971. Contains 3 chapters on the role of bauxite in the economy, but also has chapters on foreign capital in the finance of development plans, contribution and costs of foreign loans, the role of foreign capital in the financial system, and foreign capital and the performance of the "he role of Jamaican economy 1950-1963. foreign loans in agriculture is discussed in these four later chapters, at least briefly. The book seems valuable as a historical study o7 foreign loans in agriculture vis-a-vis other sectors, and ior setting up some theoretical hypotheses. ---
,"Foreign Investment and Economic
J
Development: The Case of Jamaica since World ar II." Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of London, 196E. ---.
"The Development of Dependency
Economics ir'the raribbean and Latin America: Feview and :omparison." ogial ardEconomic Studies 22, io. 1 (March 1973): 1-33. (IOA/JAM; TIVI/ISEP] Reviews the views of the development process in Caribbean and Latin America in post war period, covering Prebisch, Levis arguments for industrialization; the
J
8 importance of devendency outlined by Furtadop Best and Beckford, plus Demas argument for the effect of small size requiring a greater role for exports and more dependency. Suggests alternative of trade between socialist countries, but points out this has not changed natu:e of exports in case of Cuba. Suggests alternative concepts of consumption goals are also required. GIRWAP, S.N. "The Common Agricultural Policy of the EEC ard the Commonwealth Caribbean." ure 25, No. 4 (1976): 33-3g. 1gd_4&gric
J,NC
When Britain entered the Common Market in January, 1972, the Commonwealth Sugar Agreement came to an end December 1974, and the Lome Agreement was signed in February, 1979. .A comparison is made between the provision- of the Lome Convention regarding sugar and those of the Commonwealth gugar Agreement. Author considers new system works against the high cost production of the Commonwealth Caribbean. GYLES, J.P. "The 'CIPV?'Al Agreement." Farmer (Kingston) 74, No. 1/3 (February/ March 1969): 69-73. CM3A/JAM] HAtL, Farshall. "An Analysis Determinants of Money wage in Jamaica 1958-64." Soc Economic Studies 17, 4o. 2 1968): 133-1U6. rfO/JAm;
of the Changes l_And (June UW-:/-SE,.]
ion
Jos
Develops estimates of croductivity, wages, etc. over time and uses for regression analyses. Finds strong association money wage and proiuctivity. e .sources._-h Humaa HAEVOnD, Jack (ed.). Commonwealth CaLbean. .Seportof the Humnn Fesources Seminar, University of Vest Indies, Pona, Jamaica, August 1970. St. Augustine, Triridad: Institute of Social and Fconomic ?esearch. University of West Indies, 1972.
JP
Contains a series of fairly short conference papers with data on employment, unemployment and skills etc. Has i useful summrry article by Cumper relating to work nttitu. in Jamaica. HARPIS, Dorald J.
'"Votes on the Question
J,S
9 of a National Minimum Wage."
a In _ss.
on Poer and Change in Jamaica, ed.
Carl STONE and Aggrey BROWN. Kingston: Pp,Jamaica Publishing Rouse, 1977.
106-1 14.
[UWI/WIC ]
Marxist interpretation of minimum wage and its effects on agriculture and
industry. ---
"Savings and Foreign Trade as Constraints
in Economic Growth: A Study of Jamaica." S.cial and Economic Studies 19, No. 2 (Ju.e 1970)): 17-177. (OA/JAM; UWI/ISEP] Peports on construction and estimation of an aggregate macro-economic model of the Jamaican economy (57 equations and 63 variables) using data tor the period 1950-1965. Main purpose is to make projections of future resource requirements of the economy in terms of the potential export-import and saving-inestment gads, based on trends of past perf_.rmance in the economy. Includes estimates of income demand elasticities for aggregate imports (food is 1.1) and for exports (including assumes Jamaica bananas and sugar). cannot affect price, and industry structure monopsonistic. eloenJO H-DGKINSON, E. (Editor). Prospects and Options in the CommonMa_h Caribbean. Peport of the conference jointly sponsored by the British-North American Fesearch Association and the Overseas Development Institute at Ditchley Park, Oxfordshire February 20-22, 1976. London, Overseas Development Institute/ British-North American Fesearch Association, 1976. Pp. 85. The conference brought together representatives of the Commonwealth Caribbean and of traditional bilateral and multilateral donors to discuss the current development situation in the area. The area's prospects and its options in the next 5 to 10 years were also discussed and the contribution which external agencies might make. The report is divided into 7 main chapters by different authors one of which, Prospects for agricultural growth--
J
10 the Commonealth Caribbean for the next ten years. is referenced belov. Paymond. "The Evolution of the ROUBBD. Jamaican Poad Retwork--A Geographical Analysis." nnpublished M.Sc. thesis. Dept. of Geography, University of West Indiesp Mona, 1971. CGD/UUI/JAM]
J
INTER-AMEFICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK.
FocioWashington, .Jamic.1977. EconoLc Report: D.C. (In Process.)
J
INTERNATIONAL BANK POR R-CONSTRP1CTION AFD DEVELOPMENT Economic !emor ndum-2a Jamaica Washington* D.C.: IBVD, May 26#1978
3
(C
ESTPICTED ][ RDS/AID/J AM]
Outlines economic developments during 1976 and 1977 and outlines Public sector investment program to 1981. IqTERNATIO'AL BANqK FOP RE17ONSTPUCTION mND DEVELOPMENT. Latin kmerican and the Caribbean Fegional Office. Curren Economic S itua t ion and Pjospect of Jamaica. Peport No. 967a-JM, March 8, 197g. Pp. 33 + 3 annexes + 9 sets of tables. [?DS/AID/JA9]
Jos
The report of a Summer 1975 economic mission study. Covers recent growth and constraint analysis, income distribution, agricultural policy. Provides a comprehensive set of statistical ecoromic indicators. ZWTEPN;T!CA1 DEVELOP.?NT ASSOCIATION# INTEPNITIOVAL BANK F'R RECO:S"'RTICTIOR urreLnt Economic AvD DEVE1.7PMENT. an!Dd-Prospets of JIamaica (In
Position
three volumes), Volume I!: Annex I: Population, Labor Force and Employment in Jamaica; Anitex II: Tourism Sector Peport. Pp. 41 + 3u tables. Peport No. 257a-Jm, February 21, 1974 PO/;ID/JAM] (PESTPICTED). An insightful discussion of each factor as yell as rel -vant data is provided. JAE.ICA. Economic Peportl.Jamaica. (.onthly) Kingstor: Atlas Publishers Ltd. Approx. 25 pp. [U.S. Embassy Jam]
3
11 Contains economic analyses/newsletters by several banks and the ovner-editor. P.lso publishes major economic indicators for all sectors of the economy.
P.inistry of F'inance and Planning. JAMAICA. Town Planning Department. United A Nations Special Fund Project. National Physical Plan fo Jamaca, Pp. 116. 1970-1990. October 1971. [FDS/AID/JAM ]
J
4 survey of needs and growth trends for eleven sectors of the economy and a mapped plan to guide investments and development for a 10 year period. Contains many useful tables and graphs suggesting trends and future patterns.
Ntional Atlasof Jamaica. Pp. 70. Kingston, Wovember 1971. ID/LA/RD/ASH]
J,.eC
In excellent source of information on agriculture. Contains intermediate scale maps of each rajor crop and a discussion of its production in Jamaica. Also has good information on marketing and transportation. ---.
Wational Planning Agency.
2cia Su___. andU (RDS/AID/JAI ]
(Annual).
Economic
JC
Pp. 262.
Contains 19 sections of summary statistics covering all major sectors of the economy. Figures for basic output, facilities and descriptions of programs given for each economic or social sector. its
"is the Jamaican JEFFEPSON, Owen. _evWoq£d, Economy Developing?" Vol. ---.
5 No.
4
(1972) : U-1.
Pst-Ware Econom
Develoment
of
Jamaica. P.ona, Jamaica: institute of Social and Econoiic Fesearch, University of West Indies, 1972. [NOA/JA!; UWI/TSEP] Has introductory chapters on economic hackgroL'nd and development
history, population and grcwth of income. Fvaluates five principal sectors for period 1950-1968: agriculture* manufacture, mining,
J, S
12 %gritourism, and foreign trade. culture chapter has seoarate sections on sugar--bananas, coeoa, coffee and citrus. suggests policies will lead to stagnation unemployment and maldistribution of income in sector. ---.
"The Economic Situation of the Common-
Oes
L.r~bjaean Quarterly
wealth Caribbean." 18,, No. 1 (1972): 87-99.
[OwI/VIC]
Provides an overview of the area's economic Characterizes the region as problems. having growth without employment, and
gr)vth which has re-inforced inequallties. Stress has been on caital intensive manufacture rather than on needed structural charge for supply increase in agriculture, eg. land redistribution (though subsidies Import substitution paid to agriculture). Tourist is limited in small economy. industry becoming growth industry but requires control to limit disruption of economy and dislocation of society.
---
"The Effect of Inflation and BOYCE, Darcy. on Caribbean Economies." In inflation in Mor.a, the Carbhean, Compton BOUNE (ed.). Jamaica: Institute for Social and Economic [IJWI/ISE?] Studies, 1977, pp. 1-27.
3
Compares data on inflation in Jamaica, Barbados and Dominica with import growth, trade growth, tourist growth, and also looks at likely consumption, investment, public sector policy, income distribution and output of each sector. Results suggest that initial impact of imported inflation was on the balance of payments though for Jamaica this was somewhat offset by world sugar prices and higher bauxite taxes. ,Inrlation, JOEFIELD-NA PIER, Wallace. Inflationary Expectations and Monetary In ir.flation in Behaviour in Jamaica." theCaaribean, Compton BOUJHE (ed.). Mona, Jamaica: In:titute for Social and Economic Studies, 1977, pp. 1-27. [tWI/ Author estimates the actual and expected rates of inflation with expected prices revised in proportion to the difference between the actual rate of change in Also breaks prices and the expected rate. price rural (with down prices by category urban). than increases being more rapid
O,"
13 The income velocity of circulation van determined to have fluctuated widely over the period. JOLLY, Desmond Ansel. "Sectorial Growth and Employment in the Jameican Economy, 1959-1968." Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Oregon* 1973. Develops econometric model of key macroeconomic variables using 19c9-68 data. This is used to evaluate feasibility of alternative growth rates. Growth is limited by savings and foreign exchange. Takes constrained growth rate of 4 percent and develops sectoral labor and capital coefficients and sectoral growth to reduce unemployment. This involves emphasis on agricultute and construction.
KAPLAV,
Irving; It 1.
_i_L n _rea
-o
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Jamajca. Government Printing Office, 1976. Bibliography, index. Pp. 331. [".S. Embassy Lib. Jam] (F1868.0A] An up-to-date general survey ot all aspects of national life. Extensive bibliography.
KUPEP, Adam. Chnin-__Jamaica. London: xi, Poutledge and Kegan Piul, 1977. Fmbassy/ [U.S. Bibliography. 163. Pp. Jain; UWI/VIC] Account by anthropologist based on report to Jamaican Government on tendencies Provides for social change in Jamaica. political and sociological a basically analysis but also an excellent introductory overview of population and the economy based on a review of past studies and his own analysis. Unemployment figures are broken down by sex and age group. Section on agriculture hypothesizes economic reasons for lack of labor in sugar cane. Provides also an overview of a 1950's work on social structure. A rural community near Christiana, and a slum in W. Kingston form case studies. Does not provide detailed economic data for these communities, but looks at role of political States parties in local decision making. one son only so land, farmers do not divide
14 Has a useful chapter on the ztays on land. role of interest groups and political parties in policy making. "Income LJtVIT, Kari and GLATI, Igbal. Mystification Spending: Tourist of Effect Multiplied: A Critical Comment on the Zinder Peport." Social and Economic Studies 19, No. 3 (September 1970): fMOA/JAM; UWI/ISER] 326-343.
3
Peports very critically on study done on Eastern Caribbean, but sets out method of ad hoc estimation of the tourist multiplier for an open economy. Calculates it to be 1 for Eastern Caribbean rather thar the 2.3 of report which assumed a closed system. Part of a continued discussion of the effects of tourism. The ad W.H. k. and pE-sCrD, Agriculture LVAPS, Jamaj~carEonoml_;
its
ExtraIndut.y. 1.ona, Jamaica: West Indies, of University Center, mural 157.J2L381 HC [UVI/WIC: 36. 19767 Pp. ""he PFrsonal Income Tax in McLEOC, Donald. icoo__iStudies 18, Sociaa Jamaica." IROk/ No. 3 (September 1969): 254-262. JA.; 1JPI/lEF I
3
DescribA Jamaica's income tax structure, notes j : administrative honesty and suggests changes for greater income redistributin. Urgues that though per: ,nal savings are low (3 to 6 percent of income in 1959-64) changes in income will reduce consumption as external and internal demonstration effects are reduced. 4%YHFTZ, Huntley G. "Pn Exploratory Econometric model for Jamaica." Soci.al and Economic Studies, 20 [MnA/JA.I; Ro. 2 (June 1971): 198-226. 0wI/ISEF ] Uses 1959-1967 data to fit a 42equation (24 stochastic) structural model of the Jamaican economy covering consumption, private investment, foreign trade sector; monetary sector, government sector, tax functions, employment, manufacture production function and retail price determination.
3
15
---.
"The Price Determination Process in a Small Open Economy - the Jamaican ExpeIn inflation in te-caribbean, rience." Mona, Jamaica, Compton BnrUPNE (ed.). Economic studies, and Social for Institute [nWI/ISER] 1-27. pp. 1977,
,1,
Examines the movements of consumer prices in Jamaica, lookig at rural and urban prices separately. Develops a mark-upmodel for empirical analysis. Due to limited data author was unable to quantify all appropriate variables for his equations. Concludes that the two most important factors affecting price determination are import prices and the long-run normal cost of labor. Supply variation were of minor importance. Higher mark-ups for food exist in rural areas, and the effect of a change in import prices is greater. 4.PLON, A. "Agricultural Representations and 'OC.IFTA'." Farmer 74,, No. 2/3 (February/ [MA/JAM] Parch 1969): 74-79.
JOP
OILOUGHLIN, C. "Longterm Growth of the Economy of Jamaica." Social and 12, No. 3 (1963) : Economic_ atdies
J
24F-287.
rMOA/JA4; TIWI/ISEP]
Projections based on 1958 input output table and trend of informed production estimates. OPGANIZITIOW OF AMERICAN STATES. Interkmerican Economic and Social Council CIAF Subcommittee on Jamaica. Final .eP!orton Jamaica. Washington, June, 1974, nF/Ser.H/XIV, CIAP/665, 5r pp. [DS/AID/JIM]
J
-he ini~ial section reviews economic
performance, development strategy, and Then statements technical assistance. about Jamaica Policy and economy are annexed by the Ministry of Finance, IlB, EBPD, IMF and AID. OGAtIZAT T¢ OF AMERICAN STATES/CEPCIES. Situation, Princi-al Problems and Perspectives for the Economic and Social eloie2pmernt of Jamaica. Washington, D.C., nay 1974. P',LMEP, ?ansford W. "he Jamaicaconom. New York: Praeger, 1968. Pp. 185.
J
16
Bibliography. A description of each major sector of the Jamaican eccnomy. For the agricultural sector there is a short discussion of economic structure -! the export and domestic sector and gives brief outline of his suggested scheme for putting underutilized farms into large co-operative or state farm3.
PHELPS, O.9. "Rise of the Labour Novement Social and EcOngfmc Studies in Jamaica." 9# No. 4 (December 1960): 417-467. [NOA/ JAP; UVI/ISEP]
Jos
An account of the history of trade unionism in Jamaica and its relation to political independence, to 1954. Useful background to understanding of role of unions.
PONCE, J.M. "'Expansion ot Agricultural Trade in Groupings of Developing Countries." In
Jr!.
.1E_ Dtoblms of Ecunomic Ir.tegratJon:
AgEgcultural and Industrial Co-operatin among Developinq Countries. New York: T.N. Commission on Trade and Development, 1971, viii. 126 pp. Existing inter-country trade groupings,
and their relevance for agricultural trade are discussed. % chapter of this study is devoted to the Caribbean Free Trade Association.
P.EISVERK, Poy. "The Pelevance of Latin America to the Foreign Policy of Common-
wealth Caribbean States."
J
Jqurl_2f
Inter-tmerican .Studies II, No. 2 (1969): 245-71. Discusses possible economic trading access with Latin America in general terms.
.POUDFOOT, malcolm Jarvis. Ppatio Nvements i the Caribbean. Nev York: Negro Universities Press, 1970. Pp. 187 + viii. [JV 7322.
Jos
P76 ]
.ZCHAPDSnI, B.C.
"The .gricultural
Dilemma of the Post-Plantation Caribbean." Inter- Amer ican Econ2mic Affairs 26., o. 1 (1972): 59-70.
J,C
17 The effect of British entry into EEC on Caribbean cane growers is discussed in the light of diversification programmes. The main theme suggests that the plantation is so deeply embedded in the culture of the West Indies that structure, changes in the farm economy mill !e difficult. Small farms for example are not farmed by an indigenous peasantry like Central America. However, plantation economy also results in Most a greater awareness of outside world. to Refers discussion is in regional terms. a few Jamaican examples among others. "Prospects for Agricultural POACHE, K.T.. Commonwealth Caribbean for the in Growth the Next "en Years." DevelopmentProspects and tiptions in the Commonwealth Ca~ibbean. Peport of the conference jointly sponsored by the British-North American Research Association and the Overseas Development Institute at Ditchley Park, Oxfordshire, London: Overseas February 20-22, 1976. Pp. 21-29. Development institute, 1976.
JS
The paper aims to isolate some of the prospective growth areas for agriculture in the Commonwealth Caribbean (C tICOM) and to discuss constraints to growth. Suggests stress on national specialization rather than regional specialization involving narrow range of plantation crops which are dependent on prutective tariffs. The livestock sector is identified as an area of priority. Impediments to its development include price control, land tenure and marketing. Suggests that growth prospects also exist in vegetables and fruit processing ii an export market can he Lound. "Study of ROBEPTS, G.W. and KILLS, D.O. External .igration Affecting Jamaica, and 1953-55.." Supplement to soial Economic Studies 7, No. 2, June 1958.
Jos
In the period skilled workers left at much higher rate than unskilled (including farmers). This was also true of the sugar industry. SCOTT, Wolf. Peport on a Study of the Levels of Living in Jamaica. United Nations for Government of Jamaica, 1966.
J,S
18 "Pssociation and the AgriSKEETE, C.A. In cultural Policies 'f the EEC." he Eighth WestflMijp of ljoceedinacs k.qjcult.:a1. Economics Conference,
3
April 1-7. 1973. Port-of-Soain , Trinidad: St. Augustine, Trinidad: University of
the West Indies,
1973.
This analysis of possible association
between CPPIFTA and the EEC argues the need for a dispassionate ex&mination of
the barriers to access to the EEC market rather than pre-occupation with judgements as to the desirability or otherwise of the In the various forms of Association. final analysis, from an EEC point of view, the form of Association appropriate to CPRIFTA objectives could hinge not of products, long necessarily on a list or short, but on a single product.
SMITH. Michael.
,hePlural
SocietAyL..h
Britishest Indies. Berkeley: of California Press, 1965.
JS
University
A collection of articles published in 1953 and 1900 on aspects of societal
structure in Caribbean. Articles of particular significance are listed separately for original source.
SMITH, Shirley. "Industrial Growth, Employment Opportunities and Migration within and from Jamaica, 1943 to 1970." Unpublished h.D. dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, 1975.
Jo's
Migration estimates are derived from duration of residence tables of three censuses, and three decades of These are related vital statistics. to parish poulations by size and age. Factors associated with initernal Estimates of movement are explored. legal and illegal emigration are made.
SPFPGU., Howrd B. ,CA?ICn Fegional mission of World Bank: Back to Office Peport of Field -our November 6-December 9, 1973." (Mimeo) Washington, Decemter 1963. (?DS/.11D/JAM ]
Feport has country visit section, regior.al aspects of development, and crop by crop outlook. The section on Jamaica relates to crop potentials, agricultural education
J,S
19 and agricultural research initiatives taken. Pegional sections of interest are agricultural research, extension and education There (which have economies of scale). has (which section are some ideas in crop recommendation on specific crops).
STONE, Carl and BEOWN, Aggrey. Eds. Essays Kingston: onjwer and Chanqe iajamaica. Pp. 207 1977. House. Publishing Jamaica 1F Essays.
(.S..
is
Embassy Library Jam;
UVZ/VIC ] This collection has two parts: 1) essays on political economy including agrarian relations, and 2) policies for change with terant farming on state lands and sugar Discussion is within varying co-ops. types of socialist framework.
".oney, the Balance of TRYLOP, Leroy. Payments and Income Determination in Social and Jamaica (191;C-1970)." 2 (June No. 21, Economic S. udies UWI/.SE?] [OA/J.M; 1972): 171-183.
J
Suggests that other econometric models of economy do not look at role of money. Estimates standard monetary model (IMF or Polak) and simple Keynesian 'Jepression' model in which money has no effect. Eoth models have similar explanatory oower. THEAKSTON, F.H. "Caribbean Agriculture in .Ariculture Instiute Transition." of Canada Peview 25, ho. 3 (May/June 1970) : 27-28.
JOE
"Local Government Financing THOMAS, F.D. Social and in Jamaica, 1944-59." 2 (1963) : No. 12, r~onomic studies 141-159. [MCP./JAM.; ,1WI/ISEF I
JP
Provides data and discussion of parish council revenues (and their tax and
other sources) and expenditures.
TIDFICK, Gene. "Some Aspects of Jamaican Emigration to the United Kingdom. 1953, Social and Economic Studies i. 62." No. 1 (March 1906) : 22-39. Estimates effects of emigration during Total period of very rapid GDP growth. in less populati.on was probably 200,000
Js
20 1962 than it would b.ie been without emigration with a bomevh~t lower dependency ratio. Author makes estimatts of balance payments, production and employment effects. Concludes that emigration aided economic development. Department of Agriculture. "VITED STITES. Aqriculure Economic .Pesearch Service. and Trade of the Caribbeon Region* EPS EIOA/JAI] P.ay 1971. . Foreign No.
it"
Covers data 1960-68, so is out of date but may be useful for historical change. --- O ---.
---.
Foreign Pegional Analysis
J,'
Division, Western Hemisphere Branch. ura 1 Production for _ricult Dn phre ExcludinQ the the Western Hj, ERS Foreign United Zates and Cuba. op. 31. 1971. April Washington, 264.
---.
Foreign Agricultural Service. Prospects for Aqricultuce in-the Caribbean. FAS, No. 8, Washington# D.C.. April 1970. ---.
J,5
WALSH, B. Thomas. "The Effects of Alternative Population Trends on Economic Growth in Jamaica." TUnpublished Ph.D. dissertation. University of Pittsburgh, 1970. Pp. 246.
J
WLLEP, Robert H. "A Historical Analysis of Female Labour Fcrce Participation Social and Econgmic in Puerto Pico." .Sjudjes 17, No. 1 (March 1968): 6C-f69.
JoS
Makes some comparison in article with Unlike 'I.S. with a rising p'ircent Jamaica. of women in labor force (1870-1960) both Puerto Pico and Jamaica have had dropping percentages, as less opportunity for traditional, domestic, etc. occupations. "Comment on Three WVRREtt, .upert Delisle. Econometric Models of the Jamaican Economy." socia l and £corom~icqStdies 22. No. 2 (June 1973): 272-28,S. (MOk/J.M; UVI/ISEF ] Suggests models used do not incorporate the theory of working of Caribbean economies, and that aggregates used hide some important inter-relationships related to
J
21 income distribution, export bias, sectoral investment bias* etc. Considers disaggregated analysis of sectors more useful. .---.
The Theory of Aptimal Foreign Exchange Peserves in a Developing Country (with Empirical Application to the Economy of Jamaica)." Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, McGill University, 1975. Optimal reserves are assumed to depend on the security afforded by each level, and on the comparative costs of balance of payments adjustment and of reserve stocks. For Jamaica, the growth rate foregone over planning period is estimated for each reserve level and the costs of a balance of payment adjustment policy if there is short-run external disequilibrium and insufficient reserves. is estimated. Suggest Jamaica pursued rather conservative reserve policies.
J,P
22 AGPICULTUP E: SCCIO-SCONORIC CHAP"CTERIS7ICS* "VEPVIEVS a
nf---------------
---
a
-
--
M
--
-0
ADNS, Nassau A. "Internal .ligration in Jamaica." Social and Economic Studies 18# No. 2 (June, 1969): 137-151. (fl0R/JN; UVI/ISP I
SJ
Uses 1960 census data to fit migration function where the dependent variable is the rate of migration (of specified age and set), and the independent variable is road distance between major population centres; average income: proportion of population in towns over 2,000, proportion of acreage in farms greater than 1nO acres; proportion 6 or more years school; proportion unemployed. For adult males distance and wage income differential are the most significant effects. The rate of unemployment, degree of industrialization of origin region, level of education in destination and average size of land ("push factors") are also significant. For females, income was not significant; degree of urbanization was significant. RHIRAM, E. "Distribution of Income in Tri.idad-Tobago and Comparison with Distribution of Income in Jamaica." Social and Economic Studies 15, Vo. 2 (June 1966): 103-120. [MOA/JAM; ITWI/ISEP]
S
Lorenz curves and Giannini coefficients
show income distribution in Jamaica more inequal than Trinidad-Tobago. More unequal distribution in rural than urban in Jamaica while opposite true in Trinidad-lobago. • "Income Distribution in Jamaica, 1958." Socialand Economic Studies 13, No. 3 (19(u): 333-369. [4OA/JAM; UgI/ISEP ] Makes estimates of income distribution using Household Expenditure Survey (1958), Labour Force Survey (1937), an establishment survey and the n3tional accounts and reports of the Commissioner of Income tax. Outlines methodology and
S.@C,
23 use of data clearly and in detail. Assumptions and data problems are also reported. Index of concentration based on Lorenz curve was estimated at 53. Note, however, also comment by Cumper (1964) and the author on the estimates. AHIRAM, P. "Income Distribution in In Jamaica and Trinidad-Tobago." ed. _Caribbean in Transition, F.M. ANDIC and T.G. .ATHEWS, Institute of Caribbean studies, University o.' Puerto Pico, 1965, pp. 1-11. "The Jamaican Family: Village and Estate." social and Economic Studies 7, [MCA/JA ; 1958): 1-60. No. 1 (March UWI/ISEP 1
---.
S,J
S SC
Discusses chacacteristics of family with regard to labor force in Porter's Mt., (Westmoreland) and Caymares sugar estate, with discussion of life cycle and role of Fuggests less female female in workforce. participation than other studims. AIKEN, D. "Small Farming in Avocat--A Socio/ Economic Study." Unpublished undergraduate thesis. Dept. of Geography, ,niversity of Vest Indies, Mona, 1975. [GD/UWI/JAM]
S
---4 "Small Farming in Avocat--A Socio/ 1,npublished undergraduate Spatial Study." thesis. Dept. of Geography, University of Vest Indies, Mona, 1975. [GD/UI/JAM]
S
ALLEN, B. "Hillside Pgriculture in Upper Unpublished undergraduate Yallahs." thesis. Dept. of Geography, University of West indies, Mona, 1976. fGD/UWI/JNM]
S,
---.
"Steep Hillside Farming in St. Thomas."
S
Unpublished undergraduate thesis. Dept. of Geography, University of West Indies, [GD/UWI/JAM] Monas 197,.
APONSOF, Pobert L. "Labour Commitment among Jamaican Bauxite Workers: A Case Study." Social and Economic Studies 10, No. 2 (June, 19.1): 156182. Workers at an alumina works were surveyed (via oersonnel records) and 94 interviewed workers. Most workers had rural background, but had earlier urban work
S,
24
experiencp; turnover was no greater
than in non LDC's; lists some consump-
tion items purchased. Concludes that no problem of labor commitment.
BARRETT, Leonard E. The Pastafariansv k_ 1 n_essianiS'_Cultism in Jamaica. A-_
SeJ
Caribbean Monograph Series Wo. 6. Institute of Caribbean Studies, Pp. University of Puerto Oico, 1968. Embassy [U.S. 238. Bibliography. Library/JAn ]
---.
e Pastafarans:
Sounds of
Zvi
Gjtrai Dissonance. Boston: Beacon Press, 1977. Pp. 257. [BL 2530]
BAXTEP, Ann. "The Diffusion of Innovations: Soil Conservation Techniques in the Unpublished H.Sc. thesis. Tallahs Valley." Dept. of Geography, University of Vest Indies, Mona, 1973. [CD/UU?/JAM]
S
BECKFO'D, George L. -Peasant Movements and Agrarian Problems in the Vest :ndies, s.spets of the Present arjII. and Conflict between the Plantations Indies." West the in the Feasantry Caribbean uarterly 183, No. 1 (March 1972) : u7-58. CUWI/W'JC]
F
Presents thesis that development of peasantry is circunscribed hy plantation Land system, using Jamaica as example. sold land worst and distribution is unequal labor for redistribution. unemployed hired by estates and higher productivity elsewhere is reflected in high labor wage rates for other production. Credit is available for plantations from metropolitan source and other export producers also to have credit access. Government credit peasants 's insufficient and involves
surrender of land titles, which are confused due to joint ounership, etc. Pesearch is in export crops.
Underdevelopment the Third iLElPantation Econonies of University 4ew York: exford Wold
---.
Persistenlt Poverty:
Press, 1972.
?v. 3,3 + xxvii.
Bibliography. P much quoted study which provides detailed theoretical framework and empirical data for concept of the
25 Provides 'plantation economy.' historical development of such an economy pre- and post-slavery, stressing the growth and concentration of corporate capital. Analyses metropolitan plantation enterprise, including two case histories (one of Tate and Lyall in V. Indies) and their horizontal and vertical integration. Chapters 6 G, 7 provide an important economic model for evaluating efficiency of resource use in the plantation economy including so.vzial costs; and setting out structural factors facing the swall-farm sector. Suggests a general policy to remove development obstacles. Admits that process of transformation envisaged will not be easy. Essential background reading. ---.
"The Dynamics of Growth and the Nature
of the retropolitan Plantation Enterprise." Social and Economic_Studies 19, No. 4 [O'/JAM; (December 1970): Z35-465. This paper forms one chapter of Beckford's Pers.istent Poverty. Describes metropolitan
firms with plantation using several detailed explanations including Tate and Lyall for Jamaica and suggests economic and political effects of these structures.
---.
"The Economics of Agricultural
vesource Use and Development in Plantation Economics." Social and Economic Studies 18, No. 4 (December 1969): 321-37. [MOA/JAM; UWI/ISEPi Material later incorporated into Analyzes overtY. PeKsisetSfl multi-national vertically integrated plantation firm. Suggests that though resource allocation is efficient for the firm, it may be inefficient for Low raw material profit the country. may give higher firal product profits; resource rigidity varies witih vertical integration (non-farm investments are large and specific); land can be under-utilized dependent on productivity and cost of securing it. Pisk leads to geographical dispersion so that an increase in price can lead to an overall supply increase but not in all countries; and foreign exchange earnings are modified by unfavorable terms of
S
26 trade, high import demands and second round consumption of imports, etc. BEST, L.A. "rutlines of a Model of a Social Pure Plantation Economy." 3 No. 17, and-Economic Studies [ROA/JAM; (September 1968): 283-326. UWI/IS?F] Develops alternative models for Sugqests hinterland production. that for the plantation model first phase production is efficient but at later stages there are cuts at the extensive margin and rising wages as labor moves to independent Technology use of abandoned land. introduced can not be effectively to raise labor productivity because
of lack of capital,
hence metayage is
used to encourage labor to work on plantations.
BIVNENDIJK, A.L. and L.J. HUNTER "Implications for Dural Development from a Long-
for Fange Planning Model", an Illustration West roceiedings of the Ninth Jamaica". 9 7 4. Aqricutural 1 nconomicsConference Indies St. kugustine, Kist~onJamaijca,_
Trinidad: University of the West Indies, of Xgricultural Economics, 1974. Depertment pp. 166-194 kttempts to provide a model framework to look at interactior of demographic, Socinl and economic variables, and provides illustrative example. BIAIE, I..• "Some Problems of Small Farming in South St. Elizabeth." Unpublished undergraduate thesis. Dept. of Geography# University of Rest indies, Mona, 197r. ] [GD/UWI/JI Jamaa. LiKEv Judith. lamily Structure New York: The Free Press o! alencoe, 19A1. (HO 58L.F55] Provides results of 1953 study of reproduction and family make-up in Jamaica, based on results of survey taken in four rural areas (sugar, bananas, small farming)and West Kingston using 83 women between 15 and U5 with at least one
child and 16 couples at birth control. Does not look at economic role of single
S.J
27 or married women, though does provide data on economic role of children-considered a cost rather than benefit by large majority because of desire for education and non-agricultural occupation. Ideal family size is quite low. BLAUT, James; et al. "A Study of Cul ural Determinants of Soil Erosion and Conservation in the Blue Mountains of Jamaica, Progress Peport." Social and Economic Studies 8, No. u (December 1959): 403-42n. [OA/JAff; UWI/ISEP ]
SLB
Field studies in Blue Mountains Community shoved attitudes towards erosion revealed little awareness of the problem and actions which were of a conservation nature were generally undertaken for other reasons. P. 411 describes higglers' marketing P. 412 partnerships not elsewhere noted. notes that close proximity to Kingston (12 miles) eliminates the marketing middleman. In Mt. Chester, men market the export crops (banana, citrus) and women market domestic crops. BRAITHWITE, L.P. "Social and Political the Aspects of Rural Development: and Social Jamaican Experience." Economic Studies 17, Fo. 3 (September 19F8): 264-275. (.OP/JAM; UI/ISER]
S,J
A discussion on social and political problems in rural development. Considers important factors to be centralized administration, no all inclusive village or community concept, cultivators' bias against agriculture. Suggests settlements failed for a number of reasons including no collaboration with farmers, i.e. planning from top. 3REWSTEP, Havelock. "Wage, Price and Productivity Oelations in Jamaica, Social and Economic-Studies 1957-62." 1968): 107-132. (June 2 17, No. w-OP/JAN; Uw:/ISEE] Uses Department of Statistics data on employment and earning in large establishments (greater than 15 persons and farms greater than 5W) acres) to develop wage, price, real-wage, productivity and inter-industry wage differentials over time period. For part of
!,J
28 agriculture covered: sugar had productivity raises, while the rest of agriculture increased at the rate of price increases; other sectors had up to 3 times the wage of agriculture and the wage different l.al grew over the time period. B.OON, L. ""he Social Diiferentiation of American $ocioloical- eviev Jamaica." 19, No. 2. 1954. 115-25.
ElJ
Discusses the devplopment and 1950 character of social differentiation in Jamaica with respect to race and color. Education considered a precondition forand vertical mobility. Blacks were rural agricultural and few blacks had more than primary school education. However, darker colored Jamaicans were better represented in civil service and porliament. in BPOUN, E.J. "Settlement and Land Use Bamboo, of Study Rural Jamaica--A Case Unpublished undergraduate St. Ann." of Geography, University Dept. thesis. of West Indies, Mona, 1969. (GD/UVI/JA4] .Settlement
S
and tand Use in Rural
Ann." Jamaica--A Case Study of Bamboo, St.Dept. thesis. Unpublished undergraduate of Geography, University of West Indies, Sona, 1968. [GD/T1I/Jkl] .OW, H. "'he Impact of the Tourist Industries on the igricultural Sectors: The Competition for .esources and the Market for Food Provided by Tourism: Proceedin---qsf-the Economics Jamaica." Case of irde2_A_itural The r .nt_R_ Hotel, Conference- Held at the_PeqasUS at the and 197 3-0 Ppril _._ Kinston Tickelham riculture.. Jamaica School _of_ .Park.-pril_Z101 7-. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Dept. of Agricultural Economics, University of West Indies, 1974. pp. 12914,2.
f uWI/ISEP I
1972 Analyses data for the period 1965 to on tourist and agricultural sectors. Concludes "that the development of thea (1) has not been tourist industry: availability of the major influence on cultivable lands on the agricultural sector; (2) was an important factor in the migration of population from key
,q
29 agricultural areas to the urban centres; (3) has placed agriculture at a disadvantage on account of low rates of return in a number of major activities within the sector. It is also suggested that a market strategy which helps local producers to sell to the tourist industry would be important. "Emergence and ?esiliance BTCKNIFE, George. of the Jamaican Peasantry." Proceedings of the Fifth Annual West Indian _Agijonomi.cs ConferenceL_E2sea. cul.al St. Augustine, Lo~Mj_caL_April 1970. West Indies, of University .rinidad: Dept. of Agricultural ?conomics, 1970. [ 14A/JAM I
S
Gives brief history of plantation and Concludes historical peasant development. land settlement patterns are a major source of problems today. %ttributes to these small size of farms, fragmentation, low productivity and relatively high cost of rural services (e.g. irrigation, conservation, etc.). CALLAN* M. "Functional Study of Christiana." Unpublished undergraduate thesis. Dept. of Geography, University of West Indies, [GD/UW=/JA4 ] 4ona, 1975.
S
CAN&DIAN INTEPNATION'L DEVELOPMENT AGENCY. Caribbean Division. Canadian Development C.o-.eratiOn with the Commonwealth Sector paper 1. Caribbean Pgriculture. Report prepared by Agricultural Economics Council of Canada, September 1976, Pp. 198.
E*J,M,LC,E
[ pDS/hI D/J.X4 ]
Broad ranging discussion oi agricultural development problems and programs. Pp. I14-198 section on Jamaica. Provides general discussion of role of agriculture in economy and its economic importance, plus a statement on needs for irrigation and its role in expanding food production. ) brief summary of the trends and situation of each major product is provided. 7here is brief discussion of marketing of agricultural produce, a note about inadequacies of slaughter house facilities, and favorable comment on aiequacy of the road network. Agricultural credit is discussed, especially
30 role of JDD and ACB. Institutional arrangements# rather than land or climate are considered constraints, although lack of irrigation and inefficient use of water are also important. Constraints to effective extension for small farmer are considered lack of transport, poor salaries, conflict with b.3ard agents. Comments are made on small farmer dairying and needs for milk marketing services. CEWSUS PESE;RCH POGFAMME. University of the ecent -Pop!lation MovementWest Indies. 1974. Kingston, iJ_Ma.
SSCeJ
He: Fathered My _otherWho Selected Edith. CLARKE# ailin Three of the ILgtujft
-eS=eLC
Communities in Jamaica. Second Edition. London: G. Allen and Unwin, 1966. fU.S. (Ist Edition 1957). Pp. 229. Embassy Lib/JAM] Study done in early 5('s based on survey of three rural communities (one sugar related, one in citrus and one with hill farming). Has excellent (and important) chapter on traditional land tenure versus legal land tenure, with a detailed description of the concept and practice of family land (with join. right of use) and bouqht land. Provides data or. single parent headed households. A little over 31 percent in each community with one parent (usually female) about half of these had grandparents. In hill farming areas woiner who lived on family land had some subsistence plot, and did get some help from kin. In citrus area women were widowad and family helped with income. In planitat.ion area there were few income sources for single parents. 1OHEN, Yehudi A. "Pour Categories of Interpersonal Pel ationships in the Family a Jamaican Community in Qua No. and 3, Village." rterl__ AnhEopo_!oc!l (1955) : 121-47. Economic and property relations in the highland village were considered competitive and based on amount of lani controlled. Land is never lent or exchanged. Community is composed of isolated independent nuclear families rather than wider kin or community
31 groups. In a family the woman's land and output thereof is considered hers rather than her husband's or a joint enterprise. Separate accounts are kept by husband and wife. ---
"The Social Organization of a Selected
S
Social and EconoPiS Community in Jamaica." 104-133. Studies 2, No. 4 (March 1954): V/ISE] (tWA/JAK; Describes village community of 277 in Central Jamaica. CO.ITAS# Lambros. "Occupational Multiplicity and FaJmilytfe: in Pural Jamaica," w.. diln Perspectives, Edited by !fl Lambros COMITS and David LOWENWHAL. New York: Anchor Books, 1973.
S
Cites evidence of Edwards and of authors study of fishing villages to indicate high proportion of persors with multiple occupations. Suggests also that multiple jobs correlate with age. •,and LOWENTHAL, David (eds.). Family Life: West :ndian_!e2s New York: Anchor 9ooks, 1973. 422. Bibliography.
_Nork and tes. XVII Pp.
SJ
Peprints a series of important articles on rural labor activities: farming, cane plantation, higglering. A very good introduction to socio-economic aspects of workforce. Has also a series of articles on family organization. COOPE, L. ""he Growth and Development of Central Village, St. Catherine--A Service Centre." ,npublished undergraduate thesis. Dept. of Geography# University of West Inlies, Mona, 1975. EGD/1iWI/JAM ]
S
CPATON, Michael and WAIVIN, James. A History of Jamaican Plantation, the . W.H. London: 67%-197M Worthy Park 1
sJ
Allen, 1970.
Pp. 343.
(U.S. Embassy
tib/Jh,. ] Index, bibliography, 2 appendices. One chapter of twelve deals with the post-war period. CPISP, R.E. and POPENOE, H.
"Jamaica and
S
32 Martinique: Contrasting Aspects of Folk Agriculture and Non-Folk Agriculture." Etudes de ceoqraphie tropica1.e ofertes a Pierre Gourrou. The Hague, Netherlands: Mountone 1972. Authors suggest that the typical Jamaican rural peasant farms mainly for subsistence with the aim of security taking precedence over that of profit. In Hrtinique with a similar physical environment but different cultural patterns and colonial influences, peasant farmers practice commercial market orientated farming.* Martiniaue is sited as a model for countries seeking to develop their economy on an agrarian base. Cr7
CU.PL.O George E. "A Modern Jamaican Sugar Estate." S.ial_and Economj Studies 3. No. 3 (September, 1954): 119-160. ([MO/JAM; URI/ISE.] Provides historical account of sugar in the Frome area and reports settlement and some social and economic characteristics of Prome estates and surrounding hill ftrm arer, based on a 1991 survey and 1943 census. ---.
"Labour and Development in the
SJs
Social and Vest Indies* Part 1." _tudie 10# No. 3 (September Ecoqno 1961): 278-305. tf OR/JM; UWI/ISFF] Looks at form of household and its expenditure patterns for Barbados and Jamaica. Includes a discussion of problems with household survey iata. Discusses also effect of class on consurption and the social effects of trade unionism. -. , on-Economic Factors Influencing Rural Development Planning." Social and conf2AI studies 17, No. 3 (September 1968) 243-251. [MnA/o.F; UwI/ISEP]
S
Suggests questions, research directions# and the unknowns of a shift to medium size farms and resettlements. ---.
"The Jamaican Farily: village and 7, Estate," Social and Economic Studies 1 (PIArch 1958): 76-108. (iOA/JA.; No. ow I/IsE-P. ]
SC
33
Traditional economic labor theory did not seem to apply to West indian laborers, so this sociological study into attitudes was made. a sugar worker's work performance is affected by his 'location' in the family group. This article provides details of typical life cycles and household social structures in a highland village and a sugar estate. Workers with family have more 'wants' and will work harder to achieve them than will the unattached. "The Pelation of Certain Social Characteristics to Productivity and to Economic Development in Jamaica and Barbados." Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of London, 1959. -.
"Two Studies in Jamaican Productivity."
Sell
SeSz•#
Social andFconomic Studies 1, No. 2 (June 1953): 1-83. (OA/JAM; UWI/ISEP) Discusses concepts of productivity and looks at output per work and labor as a percentage of total cost in various industries. Also reports results of a survey of FO0 households, of 76.1 sugar workers (1 in 10 sanple) at Frome estate and 122 in Caymines. Has detailed informatior on frame, survey, etc. and data on earnings by age, family size, ownership of land, education, etc. ---
and LAMOWT, M. "Peport on Income (I1npubDistribution in Jamaica, 1963." Unit, Planning Central Kingston: lishei). 19EU. ,
S ,s-
Based on 1963-64 household expenditure data. DENTON, Evelyn H. "The Economic Determinants of Fertility in Jamaica." Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University, 1975.
S
"Agricultural Programmes DnREIAF, E.V. Undertaken by ALCAN Jamaica Limited and Unpublished Peynolds Jamaica Mines." of Geography, Dept. undergraduate thesis. 1971. Mona, University of West Indies, (GD/11V:/JA 'I]
SPr
DUNCAN, Neville.
"The Political Process
S,P
3"
and )ttitudes in a Jamaican Parish social and Bconomic Studies 19, Council." [ NO&/JAII; No. 1 (March 1970): 89-113.
rUVI/ISEP] A discussion of local government in Manchester parish. Some useful material on working of the group# as well as public administration technical analysis. ---.
"Small Farming in Jamaica:
A Social
S
Scientist's Vii." 12rk and Family Life: West Tndian per spectves, edited by L. COMITAS and D. LOUENTHAL. New Anchor Books, 1973. York: Article provides a general discussion. Suggests that small farmer in Jamaica is economically efficient given resources and risk and uncertainty. Proposes removal of credit risk (requiring of land as collateral) and secure land titles. ---.
"The Development of Small-Scale
SP
Farming: Tvo Cases from the Commonwealth Caribbean." Caribbean QuarterLI 18, No. 1, [UWI/,IC] (1972): 59-71. Compares Jamaican small-farming and market Suggests Jamaican gardening in -rinidad. farmer has rational (though non-optimal) response to perceived risk and non-availability of resources. The response is to
minimize cash outlays.
in Trinidad farmers
have rapidly taken on new techniques.
Suggests that difference in response not simply explained by relative efficacy of recommended practices, but that aggressive entrepreneurs of Trinidad learnt by experience that innovation is profitable. ?xoerience of Jamaicans has not been as positive though some has occurred e.g. St. Elizabeth peanut farming. Community
cultural practices have an effect, e.g. strongly progressive in Trinidad. Alternative strategies to innovation suggested: educition on benefits, imposed use, creation of new farmers and/or farms and improved environment.
DUNN, C.L.
and PP?"'E
?IMER,
E.J.
"Viability of Dairy Settlement Farms Journal of Northeast in Jamaica." Agricultural EconomicsCouncil 3, [NAL: No. 1 (1ay 197U) : 35-7.
HD1773..2V 6 ]
SICILCC
35
A study in 1971 of 3c of 57 farmers settled on d'iry farms as part of &ID funded dairy settlement project. few farmers had met repayment schedules; the objective of the study was to determine if this could be done, with a remaining @sufficient income.' Regression estimates indicated that net income depended on number of cows, concentrate feed, and stocking rate Estimates suggested repayment was possible, over opportunity cost wages, and that long run rate of rott.rn was 17-1/2 percent. Suggests that inefficiency of irrigation system, high consumption expenditures, sale on processed rather than fluid milk, and lower than optimal intensity of use of resources reduce potential income. ?BARKS, G. Edward. "Differential Internal Migration in Jamaica." Sqcial and tudies 17, No. 2 (June 1968): tconomic E 197-214. (MOA/JAM; (W/ISZ- ]
S
Indices of differential migration are calculated for immigrants with total population at point of destination as base. These are used to describe difference in pattern and intensity of migration by parish. Five variables considered are age, education, training, industry category and occupation. ?esults with respect to these variables are reported for data based on the 1960 census of population. Females are more numerous than males in the migrant stream, but males were more selective (that is, migrants had a higher proportion of specific tr3its than the base population.) Urban in migration was much greater thar rural, but rural was more selective. ?uthor suggests that these results reflect "oush stimulus for migration". "Ecological Perception and EHPLICH, A.S. Human Economic Adaptation in Jamaica." : 1974) (Summer 2 Yo. arQanization 33, 1r5-61. East Irdians employed in sugar (formerly
S,C
36 indentured) produced rice (19 u) in rented morass lands of Westmoreland. The crop cycle was complimented as rice sown in April and transplanted in June/ July at end of cane crop, and hacvested before zugar work started in November. In 1959 lands drained for sugar expansion. Inalans no longer grow rice for food and have lower money incomes, and no way of utilizing their labor. EY.E, Lawrence A. Geographic Aspectsof Boca Population Dynamics in Jamaica. Paton.- Florida Atlantic University Press, 1972. Pp. 172 + xiv. Bibliography. Jamaica has experienced a high population growth rate. This study analyses the effect of population pressure on Shows resource use within Jamaica. 1943 between the changes in population zone and 196r by ecological-economic and 196n fertility ratios using aggregations of the 152 census unit. Changes in land occupancy and cropping type were developed for same period (1943 to 1960) from census data and aerial photos. Relation between population change and type of land occupancy are investigated using regression.
Four areas, from different ecologic-
economic zones were chosen for detailed field study. ?ach area is described in detail and land use Income and population data provided. systemacollected and cost data not tically though description of a small samole of households in each area. The author's conclusions on the population change, resource use change situaticn is summarized at the end of ;lthough partly each description. impressioristic these field studies provide a very valuable background for understandirg small-farmer agriculture. ---.
of Po.lation dissertation, Ph.D. Dynamicsin Jamaica. University of Maryland, 19S9. Geoia hisPects
nn basis of census divisions, a typology of ecologic-economic zones
S
37 the spatial patterns of population, population change and fertility are analyzed. Absorptive capacity and areal differentials in the repatterning of population over time are shown to be related to type and intensity of land occupance. :ntensive field surveys are presented of four specific rural communities in which different options have been utilized. Study forms basis of book (Eyre 1972) . FfNAROFF, L. Schuyler. 'Settlement Typology and Infant .1alnutrition in Tropical and Geographigal Jamaica." 1edicine 21, No. 2 (June 1969): 17718 .
SON
Looks at mortality statistics of 6 months to 4 years (rortality statistics in Jamaica statistically reliable) in St. James and St. Elizabeth in relation to settlement type. Types related to morphology of service function show correlation to PC4 (protein calory little Suggests that PCM relates malnutrition). to socio-economic characteristics of househeld rather than market-place (remoteness, under-education, social structure, migration and employment patterns). Mapping of PC. deaths shows correlation with specific population -agglomerations. Social structure with highest ?C4 is suggested to be that with absent mother (with no Hypothesis that supporting male). areas close to employment sites will have high migration rates, absentee mothers and high PCM, and that areas with low employment opportunities will have high irigration, absentee mothers and probability of high PC4 incidence. May be a useful indicator of lowest income group. Status and Power in Rural FONE?, 4ancy. study of Educational and A Jamaica. Pp. 172, 1973. Political Changqe. .ppendix, indcx, 9ibliography. (U.S. Embassy Library, Jamaica LC 2n6.J27F66J] Analysis based on a case study of a rural Jamaica community from 1968-69. Deals with role of education and political change in Coco Hill, St. knrs Parish, a relatively prosperous
S
38 specialty crop aroa. FOOD AND AGRICULTUPE CPGiIZATION and UNITED NATIONS DEVELOP MENT PCJECT. W Part icipation in Agricultural Development. Report on a FAO/1fNDP mission. JulySeptember 197L, [mimeo]. Pp. 23. [Very limited circulation.]
S
This report attempts to "tell it like it is," mincing no words about worker attitudes and goes on to suggest new forms of self-reliant, labor controlled land production organization. The relation of labor to the production environment is characterized as "passive endurance." This report is background to the planning of Project Land Lease II. KHARIS, P.N. and STL!-.!, W.S. "DemographicResource Push in Fural .higration: 4 Jamaican Case Study." Sgcial and Economic Studies 17, No. U (December 19r8): 398-4F6. rMOA/JAM; iWI/ISE?]
S
Uses survey data for ,NDP survey of Pedro Plains to determine if migration is affected significartly by locality* farm size and family size. Results suggest no effect of location (within area) but large family sizes with laz:,e size exhibit high migration. "The HENPY, Frances and WII5OU, Pamela. Societies: Caribbean in Status of Women An overview of Their Social, Economic Social.and Economic and Sexual Poles." Studies 24, No. 2 (June 1975)-: 165-198.
5,J
Not particularly aoolicable to women's role in agriculture. HICKS, F. "Faking a Living During the Dead Season in Sugar-Producing Reqions of the LuMa Oraganization 31, No. I Caribbean." (Spring 1972) : 73-81.
stiC
Suggests 3 patterns of dead season subsistence: minifunlia: small landholdings of size inadequate for year-round non-agriincome; landless proletariat. socialist Cuban and activities; cultural belonging considered is pattern. Jamaica to first category. "The HILL, V.G. and WILLIAMS* ?.A. .elationship between the Bauxite Industry and the Agricultural Sector in Jamaica."
SJ
39
n 4~qian...of
t he NiLfrALpsQ I9ad
LqulAtural Economics Conference Held at the Pegasus Hotel. New ingston, Jamaic, Ap.ril 3-6, 19704 and at the Jamaica !chool of Aqriculture. 3 6 St. Twickenham Park, Aprill - . 197U.
Augustine, Trinidad: Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Tniversity of 197U. Kingston* 1974. West Indies, E.". [OV_/IS
The development of mineral resources and
the bauxite alumina industry in particular may involve competition with other industries like agriculture for land, labour and capital but, at the same time, it can provide market opportunities for agricultural products. The only real area of competition is wage rates, since the mineral industry pays a significantly higher rate than does agriculture. A bauxite laborer ranks higher in the
social strata than an aaricultural laborer and potential agricultural workers who fail to gain employment in the bauxite industry often go unemployed rather than opt for agriculture. HOPOWTTZ, Michael. "A Typology of rural Community Farms in the Caribbean." Lntjhjo2olicL2ajQuarterly 33 1960) : 177-87. Discussion
is
(October
not on basis of detailed
survey. Suggests that community integration is much less than in Central America. Small farms have greater community integration, sugar estates least. HUS.ED, Joan E. "Elderslie, A Rural Jamaican Village--A Sociological Description." (4imeo) Pp. 38. Bibliography (Not dated]. This paper is a portion of the Cornell University nedical College, Community medicine rivision studies which were conducted in 197n-71 in Elderslie, St. Elizaheth Parish. Has useful, brief historical, politico-economic introduction for Jamaica and insightful comments on psycho-social motivations of rural poor. For example, "There are strong pressures on individuals to accept their traditional place in the community structure, and envy and ill will often arise in response to an individual's prosperity.., isolation,
40 hostility, envy and lack of long-term cooperation are some of the social problems." HfJICHINSON, M. "A Geographical Survey of the Idle Land on Small Farms in St. Mary."
S
"Human !cology in Jamaica."
$
Unpublished undergraduate thesis. Dept. of Geography, University of West indies, [GD/UVI/JAM ] Pona, 1971.
INNIS, Donald Q.
Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, gniversity
of California, Berkeley, 1959. "Peasant Farming:
---.
in Jamaica." of .mericar
Banana Intercropping
-C
Proceedings of_.sso&ciatJ2. GeoqrakDh.s,
5
(1973) :
111-117.
Details the intimate adaptation of peasant farmers to local physical conditions. Also demonstrates the logic of various associations of plants typically cultivated together. ---
"Peasant Farming: Banana Intercropping in Jamaica." Proceedjrqs of _sso Pi'o 2f American Geograbers. 5, (1973): 111117.
S,C
An analysis of banana production in Jamaica
shows the sophistication with which local
cultivators adapt plant combinations to
Inter-cropping is the local conditions. most efficient way of production for peasant farmers. "'he Ffficiency of Jamaican Peasart The Canadi_ Ge2.raher 5, Land Ilse." Po. 2 (Fummer 19E1): 19-23.
--.
Study carried out in highland area of ranchpster parish in 1951 on a sample of small farms (average size 7 acres).
naps land use,
showing
plants in each field to show plant mixing. Descrihes tho patterns of intercroppinq and the method of cultivation of bananas. Suggests reasons for the greater technical efficiency of inter-cropping. Does not provide adequate analysis, but a useful introductory dpscription of hignland farmiing lind use. N INSTITITO I"EPMEzICA n DE CIENCIAF alsic DEicultural AGFICCm115 Document 1, onJ-3maica. nfermation(iCA).
F,.
141 (Internal Document of
January 1977. Vork). ---.
jiAScP gqricultural.n3L rfom-2ion on _Amca. Jan. 1977, 42 pp. + 25 tables.
S
RDS/AID/J A ] A compendium of available crop, program and sector characteristics available in 1977.
and MIFISTPY OF AGPICLTU:E, J44AICA.
iiderminq-T echno1o
S,. ,LC,.
--.nt ensvlv e
Kingston* Short Course, Vol. I and Vol. 11. March 1978, 470 pp. rPDS/AID/JAM] Contain 28 articles on all aspects of small farms, including five on aspects of soils, two on farming systems, 13 on specific crops, 8 on 3gricultural technology and miscellaneous on sociology, marketing and management. IPTEPNLTIONAI GFOUP POP AGPICULTUFhL DEVELOPMENT (GIDA/kL). AMEPICA AND A'HE IN LATI. de su Agricultara. tualCARIBBEAN i;A.__Situacign-
S
Jam&
Washington, D.C., 1976. JACQUES, Alfonso F. "Population edistributicn: An Ispect of Urbanization and Settlement .Policyin Jamaica." Hnpublished M.A. thesis, U1niversity of British Columbia, 1965.
Sri
JAM4ICA. Jamaica Agricultural Society. New Jamaican Economy. Ag iculture in t Kingston: Jarnaica P.gricultural Society, CUW/IC: HD9g014.J2J3] 1964, Po29.
SJ
---.
ministry of Agriculture (probable
SJv-,
(for) author) . Aqrilture Sector tud, 1973. July meetings, Ministerial [RDS/AID/JA ] Approximately V% pp. Has sections on sugar, bananas, small farmers, food crops, livestock, fisheries, other crops, land use, credit, extension and administration. 0 JAMAICA AG.ICUITUPPL SCC!E 'Y. Curjf_ Problems of Jamaican _Agicultur, Ngj 1. Kingston, 1967. §SenaSo.
Pp. 107.
JOHNSON, B.F.
[MOA/JAM
63:33]
".esettlement of Small Farmers
S,LZ
.
42
Unpubby Kaiser Bauxite Co., St. Ann." of Dept. thesis. undergraduate lishAd Geography, ,niversity of West Indies,
[GD/UWI/JA4]
Mona* 1976.
JOHNSON, I. and STPACHAN, M. "Agricultural Development in Jamaica." Proceedngs-of the Ninth West Indies Pgricultural gEeqasus_Hote 1 New Economics Con ferenc e and at April_3-A.,_974 Kingston._Jamaica Agriculture, of the Jamaica School 1974. Twickenham ParkkLP.Rijl -10 St. Augustine, Trinidad: Dept. of kgricultural Economics, University of West Indies, 1974, pp. 3-22. (UrI/ISEv] '"he paper analyzes the structure of Jamaican agriculture, examines the various sub-sectors, including land use, land tenure and land distribution, and assesses where possible the problems and needs of the sector. Jamaican agriculture is divided between two sub-sectors, plantation or export agriculture and the small
farm sector. Land settlement efforts are discussed in .uthors recommend that some detail. emphasis should be placed on measures
for achieving a more eauitable pattern of land distribution and that there should be a more rational and intensive pattern of land use.
JOHNSON, S.
"Small Farming in Pepper and
FPr
the Impact on C.A.L.A." Unpublished undergraduate thesis. Dept. of Geography, University of West Indies, Mona, 1973. ( GD/UWI/JA M ] K!P'.tN, .obert R. "Labour Theory and Develoring Countries: !he Individual Supply of .Ffort ir.the Caribbean." Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Duke qniversity, 1968.
SrJ
".*he UnemployAbility Hypothesis and Effective Supply oi Effort." Social and Ico.no2Mjc.ytudies 20, no. 2 (June 1971) : 13u-150. rMOO/JA.: TWI/ISrIFl
S,3
An excellent article with well-developed argument (with evidence) analyzing the concept of labor unemployability. Unemployability is defined as either 3bsolute (incapable of performing useful work) or price unemployability in which productivity is lower than
43 Suggests that this second going wage rate. type is significant due to lack of training, social habits which give a high rate of absenteeism and effects of the time (5 Author carried out years) to get job. survey of 73 unemployed males in Kingston Fortyto estimate supply of effort. farm to objection nine percent had no rate). wage employment (at assumed going Over 50 percent of those with objections found
pay too low, especially as work is irregular. author estimated MVP of labor from modified version of 1954 ?dwards data at $37 per year. The reservation price for unemployed urban males was S3 per week. Alternative formulation is set up of labor surplus model with elastic demand for modern sector and elastic demand for sugar industry. Author cortends that market supply curve has elastic section which is a social concensus on reservation orice (see Suggests low productivity Haunder 1960). as most important problem, rather than overhigh supply prices.
KNIGHT, -. "Small Farming in Brown's Ball-St. Catherine." Unpublished undergraduate Dept. of Geography, ,niversity of thesis. (GD/UVI/JAM] West Indiesg Mona, 1974. sociological Peoort or the K?UIJE.", G.J. Chris1Jana rea, Kingston, Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Information Service, Kingston, 1969. [E(4A/J.A]
S
'5.,sc
This has an origiral 1956 publication date. Peports results of survey wnrk on various sociological items to supplement another economic survey. Covers also more general sociological description and recommendations. Areas include social systems, leadership, social strata, institutions, cultural change, traditional practices, major problems of farmers, education, communication of practices, social welfare. nut of date, but republished by InP as useful. It is a detailed description of village life, from the point of view of agricultural extension, and thus provides useful background. "Study of Port Maria Land Authority.". Unpublished undergraduate
AWPE?1CE,
thesis.
D.
Dept.
of Geography,
finiversity
S
4Q
of West Indies, Mona, 1973. LION,
(GD/9VI/JA3] 4
Assessment _Jam.a'
Donor 1.
S
MFAID/ Kingston: Jricultural Sector. (aDS/AID/JAM] 139. Pp. JP., June 1976.
Contains a summary analysis of 10 major
problem areas in Jamaican agriculture and an evaluation of programs which are implemented or proposed to deal with them.
LOWE-CHING, F. "The Economics and ?conomic Unpublished Geography of Small Farming." undergraduate thesis. Dept. of Geography* University of West Indies, Mona, 1976.
S
(GD/VW.I/JA M] LnVENTHAL, David. 1972.
Pp.
(U3 pp.).
385,
IJMjj1 jest
Societies.
q,J
Index, Bibliography
[U.S. Embassy Library/
Jama ica] A review of analyses of the origins of social and racial attitudes in the A good overview, though Caribbean. accepted uncritically, be not should it has been criticized for over-
general ization.
T.YTTLE, F. "Geography and Economics of Small Farming in the ellits krea." Uinpublished undergraduate thesis. Dept. of Geography, University of West Indies, Mona, 1975. [GD/IJWI/JAM J
S
"Small Pgriculture in Kellits Area." rnpublished undergraduate thesis. Dept. of Geography, University of Vest Indies, Mona, 197 . [GD/11W:/J'M ]
S
---.
.cCLI(CH, Cedric S. "come Ideas on the Sociology of Small Farming in Jamaica." diaAriProceedi1qoff.hMest e_-osea.conferenc, Econmics cultEal Trinidad: auguatine, Ft. Dominica 1970. of Department University of West Indies, )1/JAMI ([ Agricultural Economics, 1970. A useful summary of previous work by author and others on social and economic characteristics of srall-scale farming in Jamaica: poor quality land and fragmentation, low farm income, low level of educaticn and dislike for agriculture, farming considered a way of life, high
S
45
degree of tenancy, frustration and adjustment, individualism and low levels of co-operation. Pesistance to change is explained by need for funds for consumption before production, planning from above, and extension agents poorly trained in economics and sociology. 11PSHALL, goodville F. "Notes on Peasant Developmert in the west Indies since _ c aJand Economic-Studies 1838." 17# No. 3 (5eptember 1948): 252-263.
S,J
Looks at historical development to 1990. Data on Jam.aica the most deta iled.
"Peasant IFovements and agrarian
---.
F
Part I-Problems in the West indies: Peasantry." the of Development Aspects of (March 7 No. 18, brjbjen_2uartery g [UW/VIC] 1972) : 30-U6. Gives historical review (to 1938) of origin of peasantry, some of welfare and political organizations and overt attempts at political action to change conditions. Concentrates on Jamaica. Useful background. fmplcyment-in an Undeqrveof Sapl Sl. jee19g Yale Haven, Mew Kingston, Jamaica. 1960. Press, University
4.UNDEF# W.F.
.. ,JrqC
Quoted as suggesting a reserve price
for labor supply, based on alternatives to working: mutual aid (families), common property resources theiving and begging.
:
(tree crops),
"Production ?elationships F.L. -LtS, Kitts." among Small-Scale Farm'ers in St. , No. 2, 25. Studies fcor.omic and Socjial
(June 1976): 153-1f.7.
[MCA/JAM; UW:/I9F14
A valuable article even though not on
It is shown that production Jamaica. is appropriate in analysis function concerned with the questions answerinq combination and input of optimal level to make the agencies can help planning best decision in allocating scarce resources. Constant returns, to scaler
appear to exist among smallholders over
the range of inputs studied.
If current
Fri
inputs are each increased by 1 percent while the others are held constant, land will contribute relatively little while labour and capital will add more to total output than their cost. At the micro-regional level, production can be inereased by moving more land and labour into the cash-tenants region, and more labour and capital into the share-tenants region. A progressive land-reform programme that makes more fertile land available can increase overall production among smallholders, as well as increasing the productivity of land. Secondary industries based on animal produce could be developed if the present stock of animals could be increased. The smallscale agricultural production system is operating much more efficiently than is generally realized. , IOPTON, A.V. and CUPPEP G.E.E. "$Peasant.' 'Plantation' and 'Urban Communities' in aural Jamaica: A Test of the Validity of the ClassifiSocial and ?conomic Studies cation." 15, No. U (December 1966): 338-352. [!PnA/JAM I (UWI/IS.F? I
Uses 19.0 census data to test whetber the anthropological, sociological labels above describe a significant part of agriculture in Jamaica. Looks at freguency of occurrence of combined characteristics (percent male labor force ir agriculture, population n-4 years as percent female population 15-U4 years. population years, 15-!9 years as proportion of those 1'-1lu fenale, owner occupied housing percent, males per varpercentage with more than 10 acres. but-hese a large iables explain a significant part, unexplained. much part of variation, but leave "Portland "idge--A Regional OIVE?, t. Study." TInpublished undergraduate thesis. Dept. of Geography, ,niversity of West Indies, Mona, 1973. [GD/UWI/J.M] PARP¥, Martin L. "Lard Use in the ehristiana Area of Jamaica." Unpublished M.Sc. thesis. Dept. of Geography, University of West Indies, Mona, 19A8. [GD/'JWI/JAM]
S
PATTESON, P.J. "Potential and Production Targets in Agro-Industry." Farmer 79, No. 1/2 (Jan/Feb 1974): 21-25. 197U.
S,:
PETEISON, Hans Patrick. "Effects of Pesource Peallocation on Crop Income from Medium Size ftrms in Jamaica." Unpublished M.S. Thesis, rnniversity of Florida, 1970v Pp. 77. Bibliography.
S
A linear programming model of medium-sized farms in four districts of Jamaica. Comparisons are made between rate of return to farmi~ig with non-farm wage ajor ditferences in opportunities. profitability between areas due to soil Excellent and climatic factors were found. ecological and types farm of descriptions conditions given for each region. Low technology was identified as major productivity constraint. PHILLIPS, 1. "Some Observation on the Impact of C.A.L.A. on the Spaldings Unpublished underChristiana Area." Dept. of Geography, graduate thesis. University of West !ndies, M.ona, 1975. r[ GD/OUI/JAN]
S
PHILLIPS, James Joseph. "Fe Wi Land A Come: Choice and Charge on a Jamaican Sugar Plantation." Ph.D. dissertation, Brown University, 1976.
SvC
Chapters discuss decision-making among workers in relation to: immigrating to and emigrating from the district# consumption work (strikes, alternative work), seizing unused land around plantation and membership in workerrun sugar producing co-op management for plantation. PntLOCK, N.J. "Women and the Division of American Labour: I Jamaican Example." .thropelogis 74, Vo. 3 (1972) : 689-692. Women's contribution to subsistence in Jamaica farming is considered. occupations, few f.rming is one of the but there is also a shortage of young men in most villages. ?eliance on the production support of women is part of the life cycle of the co-residential family, i.e. the young woman. A male member usually only returns to share economic responsibility when the couple reach This structural idjustment middle age. to the demographic imbalance is made
S,JC
48 possible by the ecology an4 nature of
subsistence farming. 5,3
"Feufale Labour Porce POVELL, Dorian L. %n Participation and Fertility: Women." Exploratory Study of Jamaican
12g (Sep.
25. No. 3
anjgco_-_i__ tu~!L
197f) : 23U-258.
Uses 1970 census to look at relationProvides some ship set out in title. more general data also--a high labour over rate (i.e. force participation R." percent) for unmarried women even in areas. Pumber of children reduced participation rate.
rural
"Soil Development on Paised PICKETTS, N.E. Peets in the Port raris-Oracabessa Area, nnputlished undergraduate St. Mary." of Geography, University of Dept. thesis. [GD/UWI/JA.] Wes* Indies, Iona, 1971. a.*
"'he Economic Geography of Small Farming unpublished undergraduate in Frankfield." Dept. of Geography, University of thesis. [GD/UWZ/JAM] Vest indies, Mona, 1976.
"X Framework for Analysing the PITSONO C. Contribution of the Agricultural Sector
to Economic Development." gricultur
.onorics
S
S
Cp
JornAl of
24,
No.
1 (1973):
57-83.
DevelopL a Fei/.nis type model to look
and at role of agriculture in development, pola as then uses Jamaican sugar industry ur.employed icy protlem example, i.e. large unskilled lator, industry incompetitive
intprnationally and lat'or shortage. Suggests lack of land and push of lessthan-subsistence average product, pats unemployed in urbrn sector, with an institutionally determined wage. Suggests social welfare wage rate,.
instead of high
"Demographic Aspects qOB!R'S, s.w. of "ural Development: the Jamaican Economic ld Social a Experience." 1968): (September 3 V'o. 17., Studies 276-282. r.mok/JA*.; Uwi/s -r ] Looks at census data (1881-196C) for Jamaica to determine migration and sets up index
S
49
of education and occupation status
for parishes in 1960 census. Considerable population growth occurrbd in small towns. Not an in depth analysis. ---.
"Demographic Aspects of Rural
S
Development: The Jamaican Experience." eiA.1_ani Economic Stodies 17, No. 3 [MOA/JAH; (Sep. 1968) : 276-282. UWI/ISER ] Looks at effects of external and
internal migration on growth of rural population for intercensal periods from 1881 to 1960. Looks also at parish level population changes (but
not intra parish) frow 1943 and 1960 a and compares them to an index of education and occupational state (percent professional, clerical and supervisory personnel). ?P('.THi., D. "Class Structure and Community Structure in Jamaica." Unpublished M.%. Thesis, Dept. of Anthropology* University of Chicago, 1970.
S,J
SAPOOP, H. "A Geographical %ppraisal of the Dairy Cattle Industry of Jamaica." Unpublished undergraduate thesis. Dept. of Geography, University of West Indies# CGD/UWI/J%0] Mona, 19E8.
S
SINCLAID, Dennis. "Jamaica Wicker Works: A Case Study of a Srall Industry in the Development of Pural Jamaica." Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of richigan, 1975.
S
Peports results of an 18-month action project involving establishment of Jamaica Wicker Works in Chatsford, St. James. Author served as a participant observer, providing the capital and initiative to establish the husiness. FnITH, lichael G. "Community Organization in Pural Jamaica." Social and Economic Studies R, 14o. 2 (June 1956) : 295-312. Discusses rural communities as sub-groups of a village. There are informal ties which are not very tight, but also are not the same as formal organizations.
sop
._
. AV n RralES_1 abour S ; Kingston: Government Printer, 19 .
St'sC
A report tased on a 19c5 large-scale survey and detailed analysis by in anthropologist of labour situation Jamaica. Frequently quoted. ---.
"Patterns of Rural Labour." WorknL d West Indian Persectivs. !itfe: Famil Edited by I. Comitas and D. Lowenthal. New York: hnchor Books, 1973.
S
Describes labor force characteristics farm and demand and supply (as seea atproperties sized riddle level) of estates, and small farms, including iabor-exchange pract ices. 1 Sociological , ani KPUIJEP, G.J. Man lxf~or gxtension Yorker!s._Athe
_arlhb~en. Bona, Janrraic: Extramural Indies, Department, University of West [UV/WIC: 1957, 255 pp. (MOR/JAMI]
HN 245.5531 social Over 100 pages of discussion of
characteristici attitudes and group behavior
of rural Jamsica. Changes and SMITH, V.D. "Social and Economic of Development in Clarendon as a Pesult operation Alcoa Minerals of Jamaica Inc.undergrad ua e in the Farish." Urpublished of thesis. Dept. of Gecgraphy, University [GD/UW:/JAM] West :ndies, Mona, 1968. Clarendon STMOPe S. -hgriculture--South Unpublished undergraduate thesis. ?lains.." of West Dept. of Geography, -.iversity :ndies, Mona, 1977. [GD/UWV/JA"] O
Carl.
"L
Sociological Survey of Tenant
F,Pr
F" e :
(Mimeo) Farmers on Project Land Lease." Oct. 1&, Jamaica, Ministry of Agriculture, 197L:, 39 pp. + appendix. [PDS/A!D/JAM] of U20 report of a sociologicil survey GOJ. the farmers on land lpased from assesses Profiles social character and goals and asoiraticns cf co-operating farwers. Community and Leadership on -. "lass, a JamaicaJ Sugar Plantation." Rsmlgic
Sn
51 .d_Social.Chancte 24 (July ye.2man 787-798. : 1976) This work is part of a larger field study of sugar-estate communities in Jamaican Clarendon sugar belt (financed by InterInterviews were American Foundation). in January 1974. Covers survey of Baldwin Cottage and a compound on Moneymusk Fstates. Has breakdown on income (crop-time), and occupation. Explores hypotheses linking class solidarity with community solidarity. Results suggest that where there is commurity solidarity there is more confidence in local leadership. Also gives information on savings association, trade union, and co-op support and conflicts. ---.
Sociopolitical P.spects of the Sugar Co-operatives. Mona, Jamaica: Dept. cf Government, University of West Indies, 1976. CUWI/WIC]
S, C
Provides results of questionnaire on attitudes and looks at weaknesses and strengths with respect to co-op activity. TIDP'CK, Gene M. "Wage Spillover and Onemoloyment in a Wage-Gap Economy; the Jamaican Case." Economic Development and Cultural Change 23, No. 2 (January 1975) : 306-32u. A model is presented of a 'wage-gap' economy (i.e. an economy in which the wage in one sector is set higher than ecuilibrium for that level of skill) which is used to analyse employment and unemployment in Jamaica. The model is somewhat similar to that of Todaro. It provides a very significant contributior. to the study of labor demand and supply. Concludes that Jamaica is able to have higher measured unemployment rate than poorer countries (e.g. Haiti) because there is both the incentive and means to support unemployment. Any reduction in the number of unemployed, or increase in hiring of the high wage sector r'-ises the probability of obtaining a high wage job and induces supply withdrawal Labor from the low-wage sector. because exist shortages in agriculture high from expected lifetime earnings
S,J
52 wage job are higher and because occasional non-agricultural casual work gives workers means of support while they look for work in high wage sector. Essential reading. "Wage .pillover and Unemployment in a Wage Gap Yconory: The Jamaican (Feseirch Memorandum, No. 47). 0.ase." Williamstown: center for Development fccnomics, Williams College, June 1972 (mimeo).
SJ
me "Wages and Unemployment in Jamaica." Unpdblished Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University, 1972.
sJ
--- •
--
TINGLING, V. "The Impact of ILPRP" on the Small Peasant--A Soclo/Spatial View cn the Fouth Eastern St. Elizabeth Area." Unpublished undergraduate thesis. Dept. of Geography, UnIversity of Vest Indies, Mona, 197S. [GD/UWI/JAt]
S
UNITED NATIOHS. Economic Commission for Latin America. Economic Survey of 4ew York: 1969. Ltin America 1969. Has a comparative analysis of income distribution in Latin America and the Caribbean, including Jamaica ard other Commonwealth Caribbean countries. 1963-6u data are used for Jamaica analysis. UWITED STATES. ;gency for international sete Development. Jam a i cai__. Constraint Profile, Poor Pural Assessment. October 197'. Analysis and %ID Strategy. Bibliograrhy, Appendix, 60pp. [PDS/AID/JAI]
Sri
A comprehensive review of Jamaican agricultural situation. Has two sections on marketing. 9NIVEFFITY OF WEST IVDIvc. DepArtment of Social and .reventive .Medicine. Manual ealth Workers. Mona# for Communii Jamaica: University of the West :ndies, C(to date]. [rWI/WIC] Contains numerous insights into the sociology of rural Jamaica and how to succeed and what to avoid in organizing projects to promote change.
F,E
53
VATTS, K.F. "The Class Conflicts in Pucal Jamaica," Unpublished II.A. Thesis, University of West Indies# 1974. 95 pp. CT WI/VC I bibliograohy.
3
V!BSTER, Aimee. "Small Farmer's Pole in Jamaica's Economy." New Comonwealth London, 31, No. 1 (January 1961): 65-66.
S
WILLIAnS, Allan Nathaniel. "Agricultural .eo-nrganization and the Economic Development of the Working Class in Unpublished Ph.D. disJamaica." sertation, Cornell University, 1976.
SP
objective is to develop guidelines for state policy irn reorganizing the agricultural sector within a socialist framework. WRIGHT, U. "Agriculture in Phymesbury-Vernam Field." ,npublished undergraduate Dept. of Geography, nniversity of thesis. [GD/UW/JA.] Vest Indies, 4ona, 1976. YOUNG, Ruth C. "The Structural Context of Caribbean Agriculture: A ComJournal of parative Study." s, 10 No. 4 (July Reveloin . 1976) : 426-UU4. Study carried out or, hypothesized characteristics of 'plantation agriculture.' A set of 16 characteristics are defined for all export crops of the Caribbean by country and a prirciple components analysis pertormed. Three components were rotated and these explai 60 percent of variance. These were termed progressive peasant agriculture (which is island specific) , depending (which is crop specific), and large-scale speciality crop. Jamaica has some exFort crops which are small farmer produced. Crops covered in analysis for Jamaica are cocoa, citrus, allspice, ginger, coffee, bananas, and Correlation between these sugar. components and measures of economic and political position were carried out. Correlations with progressive peasant agriculture were significant
S,J
54 Pnd related negatively to proportion in agriculture and violent change in government. social costs; ar, 1 J setting out structural factors ftcing the somll-farm sector. Suggests a general policy to remove development obstacles. Admits that process of transformation envisaged Essential backnot be easy. vill ground reading.
55 AGPICUIPS: SUPVEYS, -
--
-
----
CEJSUS!.o
ILCAN JAS'ICh L7D.
Rep..r*
STTISTICS --
----------
e
----
AgricuLtural Division
(.nnual)
Pp. 89.
SCeLC
Table3
[E DS/AID/J&N I
A yearly summary of agricultural production and reseaach on bauxite lands managed by Alcan both restored and held for mining. -
Production Agricultu.Lca__T._ats. _l Holdingsof FalMedy on Survey Jamaica, 1972.
SC Lr
Pp. 22 [NOA/JAM 333.5]
Land rented is that held for bauxite mining or restored land. Over 4,000
tenants rent 21,80n. acres. Survey of .70,one group with concentrated extension and one without. Reports acreage, production, value by size group. Gross value per acre £175.6/acre for those with extersion, $92.4 for those without. B(LLAND, O.N. "Literacy in a ?ural Social and EconoIc Area of Jamaica." Studies XX, (March 1971): 28-31.
SC,E,S
Surveyed 176 people (approximately 6A, percent of population) of two hillside communities (Content Gap and St.
Peters)
in
upper
Yallah Vallej. Peports socio-economic data on participants (size of household, Forty percent rootms per person etc.). and 19 percent less percent owned 1 acre or over 5 acres. Vegetables were main crop (home consumed) , bananas (72%) , and coffee
(56%) and flowers. Little contact reported from Land Authority or Agricultural Society. Farmer wanted help for weather damage. Respondents were tested for literacy (ability About to read a paper and write a letter). about and 25 percent could not read or write poorly. 10 Dercent more could only perform Farmers did not perceive illiteracy as affecting their farming (it did not affect membership in JamaicA Agriculture Society), but con-
sidered it important for children to give them a non-agricultural career alternative. Assumes need for 95 years or more of schooling and estimates from survey
S6 that more than i' percent of functional illiterates are under 4O. C. ?.K. and FCX, Helenramle CI1UIKSHAI.K, p_ etaM surveyof-Jamaican
-lwer
SC,.
incomD.) Fural &na l.ban. Kingston: Wutrition Committee of Jamaica Government, 1961.
ajaour Shortaqe And DAVISOW, F.B. qt the Jaia Pin Institute Jamaica: Mona, jndus~tr. of Social and Economic Pesearch, 1966. of West Indies, University RD9100-D] [.nA/jAM: UNI/lISF:
SC , C
Provides a detailed discussion of labor organization, attitudes and gives data on nroductivity. P survey of workers cttitudes and performance is central to this study. Covers number of days worked, nurber of hours per day, number of tons produced. An insightful section on 'social' factors affecting supply and produc*ivity of labor is included. Provides recommendations. f--.
. _tudy oLSmajLar An Economic Institute of in_ JAaj~j. Kingston: 1961. research, and rconomic Social VEk/JA.4j [.FDS/AID/JAM; Peports 19r--55,
tudy of a sample of
small farners across Jamaica.
Has a
detailed methodology chapter discussing used non-statistical sample of 87 farmers
for intensive data collection using weekly records, etc. Has detailed data on resource use and returns: Incluies life cycle earnings, community infrastruc*ure, farm management, land tenure, capital investment, yields, prices, costs, efficiency of production, income and level of living indices, provides data on behavior vis-a-vis change, for example, farmers' reaction to changes in product or scale; reactions to changes in intensity or method and entrepreneurial behavior. Sample has statistical problems, although the detailed survey work saould have reduced response error. The study is very old but is considered a classic study. It has ideas and information
SC,
57
worth exploring and nway also provide a base line for cnmp~rison. Essential reading. !DWAPDS, D.T. "Ar 'conomic Study of Agriculture in the Yallahs Valley Area Social and Eco pmic studies of Jamaica." 1954): 316-341. (December 3, Wo. 3/4
SC,S,L('.P
Yallah's valley was the first Land Authority set up to rehabilitate a mostly hill farm area. Data in article describes 1953 conditions based on survey taken of area. Gives data on income (farm and non-farm) and employment by farm size, data, type of land, etc. Fuggests development of ruinate and high value crops. FVOD AUD AGFICULT"?AI ODGANIZ.TION/Ut'ITED Lp2 aisal NAT:ONS DEVELOPMENT PPOJECT. Elizabeth. Plains._St. Zepo.K, of Pedro Appendix VI-Appendix V--.gronomy. Sociological Study (Pina and McCullough). AGL: Appendix VII Irrigation Proposal. VII. SF/J,4 3 Technical Peoort 1/A VV, (UNDP/FAO; PDS/AID/JAMI come, 1971.
S.,S,T
Agro-economic survey was of 199 farmers (i.e. stratified random sample of 31 percent Also included of farms and of area). crop cutting, but drought prevented use Has area, yield, etc. by farm of data. size group, use of fertilizer by high, Describes soil, climate, low, average use. irrigation, farmer services, farmer problems. Has recommendations for improving farm practices and estimated VI: The sociocosts of production. logical questionnaire was given to subsample survey (Pina an! McCullough) 2 persons (random in geographical zones). npen-ended interview based on schedule covers age grouping, skills, attitudes, perception of irrigation, paaticular communal action, etc. ---.
E_illqde Ecg mj_. tudY f th Farmers in the Lucca Cabritta Watershed FO: SF/JA.H 5 Technical Report Comolex. 8, Pome, 1972. [t4DP/JAM; FDS/AID/JAMJ
Survey of 194 farmers (10 percent sample) carried out in 1968-69. lesults indicated half owned practically no land and were paat-time, that crop
SCS, T
58 seasons resulted in periods of insufficient Labor and seasonal underSuqgests new technique employment. for yams, and suggests that new management schemes should be kept simple, as present schemes are simple. ... rst.Deveo.Ement -and ltershed Ua~aqment in the Upland Regions. Jamlica: _Project tor the Pehabtilitaon _A_-p9Deveopment of the Pinda3 River anld (FO:DP/JM/6 7 / Two qeetiras Watersheds. [RDS/A!D/J.M; 505 tech 13), Pome 1977. UNDP/JM ]
Scs,.
A watershed survey as background to Gives legal rehabilitation investmerit. planning watershed of and historic aspects and plans in Jamaica, reviews current financed discusses impacts. Government bench terracing of hillslopes and afforestation are key projects. 4umerous appendices provide information on reorgranization of the 'inistry of Agriculture, soil factors in relation to land capability, land use surveys, climate and hychology, soil erosion, studies, and social and economic conditions. Appendices oi survey data are described under later 4oA entry. ---.
~round water surve _in t
aea s of the interioriataica. of Mart.MaA _ 2 rpasa1r ,ert Apoendices V# .1elawney. y 11e AEL: SF/JAM 3, Technical VI, VII. 0oine, 1971. Peport 2/AV, VI, VII. CUNDP/JAM; PDS/A.ID/JAf] Appen4ix V covers agro-economic aspects, VI a sociological survey and VII the irrigation project. For agro-economic purposes a survey of 217 farms in the area was made in 1967. Has area, yield, etc. by farm size group, use of fertilizer by high, low, average use. Describes soil, climate, irrigation. farmer services, farmer problems. Has recommendations for improving farm oractices and estimated costs of production. In the Appendix VI, sociological survey wis a subsample of 5. individuals, but given
SCF
59 detailed and open-ended questionnaire. HODNETT, G.E. and NNTOI, W.R.-. "Definitions of a Farm and a Farmer in Agricultural Statistics in the Vest Indies." Social and Econom c Studies 8, No. 2 (March 1959): 1901962. [NOA/JAM; UWI/ISER]
SCOS
A farm in Jamaica is all land occupied by one operator for agricultural purposes within one parish, ircespective of the terms of occuoation and of the number of parcels of which it is composed. A farmer is the person financially responsible for the operation of the farm, who makes profits directly resulting from the farming operation. JARAICA. Department of Statistics. Census of Agriculture 1968--69. Preliminary Peport, Vol. 1. Kingston: Dept. of Statistics, Agricultural Census Unit, 1970. [EDS/.ID/JAM: HD 184F J321 [MOA/
S1.,.F
LC
JAM]
Provides a discussion of organization and design of census. Note that a farm is defined as 1 square of cultivation, 12 economic trees, one head of cattle, 2 head pigs, goats or sheep# one dozen poultry, six beehives. Landless farmers may graze animals o*n roadsides, etc. Frovides preliminary results or number of farms by size groups and parishes, ty type of management, and by type of holding. Census of _criculture.1968-69. Final Peport, Vol. 1, Part A; Vol. 1, Part B. Kingston, Jan. 1973. [RDS/ AID/JAW HD 18u6 J32] [.OA/JPM] Part A provides data by parish, Part B by land authority. Provides tables on number of farms by size group, acreage of farms by size group, utilization of land hy farm size (pure stand, mixed stand, food torest, grassland, fallow, ruinate, etc.) , extent of crops in pure stand (sugar, citrus, yams, bananas, potatoes, coconut, cocoa, coffee, other), livestock by farm size.
SC,S,IC
---. --.
Cnous of
g qt g
re 1968--69.
FCwSwLC
Final Peportp Vol. I, Part A; Vol. II, Part B. April 1973. [RDS/AID/.IAH
UD1846 J32]
[OA/JAM]
Part a is by parish and Part R by land authority. Tables are provided on farm management (single, joint owner,
farm marager)
number of parcels and
acreage and by farm size. Use of fertilizer (number of farms and weight) and number of crops on which used (number of farms) by farm size; sources
of communication (paper, Jamaica Agriculture Society publication, f40A publication, agricultural offices, almanac) by farm size, ratiio and TV (regular, seldom, never) number of farms by farm size; number of farmers on which crops were introduced (and acreage) by farm size, number of farms and acreage on which crops were abandoned, by farm size. ME
. --.-.
2_f_
Ariq1.ture 1968-69.
-C#,•L-
Final Peoort, Vol III Part P, Vol III Part B, narch 1974.
HDI846 J32]
[PDS/AID/J4
[M. A/JA41
Part A gives data by parish* Part B by land authority. Tables for sex and age group of farmer by farm size; farmers' principal means of livelihood
(tarming, agricultural employment, non-agricultural employment) by farm size; farmers' purpose of farming (subsistence, sale, subsistence and sale) by farm size; farmers' major source of income (export croos, other crops* beef, pigs, poultry) by farm size.
- --.
Census of PAricuIture 1968-69. Final Deport, Vol :V Part A, Vol 1V Part B, !!arch 1974. [ DS/AID/JAN HDi846 J321 (1'/J1"1 ---.
Part A gives data by oarish, Part B by land authority.
Tables provided
on farmers' number of years in farming by farm size, farmers residence on farm (always, sometimes, never) by farm size acreage in farms classified by basis of occupancy (owned, rented in, rented free,*other) by farm size; citizenship and types nf operators by
SC,S,LC
61 farm size (individuals, companies, government), number of farm equipment and implement (tractors, ploughs (tractor and non), trailers, trucks# etc., animal vehicle, mechanical pumps, hand pumps, mechanical reapers, loaders).
-
--
.
Consumer Price-Indices:
SCM
Rural
and Urban. (Monthly or Biannually?) [PDS/A:D/JIM; MOA/JA41 Note that methodology is set out in February 1975 issue. Gives price changes in groups and gives unit prices for the current year. more letail for Kingston than elsewhere. Base 1975, and based on 1971/72 household survey. Takes price changes each month.
--
---.
Continuous Social and Demographic
SC
Survey Unit. Continuous Social and Demorajvhic Survey ..... he ample Desiqn. Kingston, 1968. [VAL: HN 29.P5U] ---.
---.
Continuous Social and Demographic
SCJ
Unit. LSurvey of Housing_.nditions in Delacree Pen. Kingston, January 1969. A survey of housing conditions in Trench Town, Kingston, September 1967. Part of a series of surveys taken in urban renewal areas. -_
SJ
Statistics Annual. Deorahic Kingston. [PDS/AID/JAM ] _.
Appears to be a yearly update series. Covers various age-sex measures by parish. All vital statistics, migration and family planning. Division of Censuses and Surveys.
S-.
Commonwealth Caribbean2u la tion Census 1 9 7 0Lamaica. Volume 5, Fos. 1-I1. [.DS/IID/JXM; IOA/JA4] Kingston, 1973.
?opulation by parish, by sex, by five year age group, by urban/rural areas and number of dwellings by enumeration unit. The special volumes include economic activity (vol.
L)
, internal migration
households (vol. 10).
(vol.
5),
9) and miscellaneous
(vol.
SCJ,S
62
SxIenditure
Pattern of Vorking
Class ouseholds 1963-64.
SCI..
Kingston#
1966.
---.
-M-.
External Trade
cumulative), Kingston.
(Quarterly,
SCM
[254.8 J223E]
Totals for external trade by month; imports, exports and re-exports by generalized commodity breakdown; imports, exports and re-exports by
value and country of origin/destination direction of trade by countries in currency and trading areas; detailed breakdown of imports, exports and re-exports by quantity and value of items by country of origin/destination.
.W --
1usehold Expenditure Survey
SrSR
1971-72. 1975g 1977 (On data tape, unedited as of December 1977) a copy of the very detailed, 40 page questionnaire is in tDS/AID/JPM library. The Department of Statistics has the data tapes, though they were not in a
useable form in March 1978. An editing tape was being tested at that time with plans to have the report readied by mid1976. The survey has i highly detailed employment classification (the same as used for published labor statistics) and identification of rural/urban, parish and Kingston metropolitan area is included. The survey was applied twice within a two The week period to the same households. the of repeat a is B, follow-up, Schedule and A first five sections of Schedule deals with basic consumotion and income questions. The 1971-72 survey covered 3,800 households (planned sample 4,000) ; the 1975 survey 4,300 (5,500), and the December 1977 survey 1,70A planned. - 9 8o
Household .rxpeaditure Survey, .ingston, 1959. [P.OA/Jf]
Sample survey (720 rural, 400 Covered Kingston, 130 main towns). two weeks family expenditures. Quantities published only for rural home consumption$ otherwise values per week and percentage of
C , !t
63 total expenditure on commodity. Household Zxeaditure Survey 1956. Kingston (date unknown).
---
.
SCf.S
Provides data on rural expenditure. --
usehold Excenditur e
Survey
Kingston, 1955.
[MOA/JAM]
1953-1954.
SC, ,S
Survey carried out on 1,500 sample from Kingston alone. Has shillings per week per commodity and percentage of total expenditure on that commodity. ---.
---.
Needs.
2
ion
Kingston,
reends and
1974.
Sc,Je
ousinq
[MOA/Jxr]
Annual. p2duction Statistics. (Published in April for previous year), Kingston. [PDS/AID/J3A; MOA/JA1]
stj
Data are based on surveys. Details of surveys in preface of 1976 issue. Production in agriculture (by crop) is from information Division of MOA. ---.
Q2AjterLy Abstract of Statistics. ---Quarterly. Kingston. (?DS/AID/JA.; MC A/JAN I
SCJ
A synopsis of all data collected by the statistics department--climate, demography, migration, health, housing, labor, tourism, banking, prices, production, trade. Sc,C
Citrus Production ?eport on ringston, ------. Survey1951/$t 19!-7. . Four hundred farm sample, with returns by interviewers every 2 weeks. Detailed production data but no costs. -_--
-.
Statistical Yearbook of Jama
?nnual. Fingston, March 1977. JA!; Mnt/JAI
a.
[FDS/AID/
Has useful information on the organizational structure of the Government-various ministries, boards, authorities which relate to agriculture. Detailed summary of census of population, parish Latest level data on nutrition status. following the issue is for 1976 and has material:
p4 347 table of registered
outdoor Door by parish and p. 349 children on poor relief, and other measures of
SC,j
64 Pp. 367-371 level and type of relief. hta on rural housing schemes by parish and project. R 50 page summary of agriculture, forestry and fishing census and programs. Pp. 553-557 imports by sector including food. Pp. 569-595 tables of price indices. --- o ---- Survey of Agriculture 1961-62. [MOA/JAM] Kingston, February 1966.
SCOC
includes Sample survey of 4C.Y"O( farms. all farms over 100 acres, a sample of those under 100 acres, 2 visits by All data on survey enumerator. Has methodology listed in detail.
size distribution. population* crops (acreage, sales, etc.), irrigation,
no cost data. ---- ---- Su~rvey of injamaica, 193 pP. 18.
ee__.r0dt~on Kingston. 195.
and Le larqe andSmall_.Aici1± Investment: Kingston, 1964 for ort Lr2ygjon2lRe rMOA/JAV] 1971.
_. _.
SC,,C
survey of _CstsL._Outut
FCr
This survey covered only farms over 100 acres. 'large' farms were above 500 acres (all intervieved), 'small' were
Part of an 100 to 499 (20 percent sample). economy-wide business establ.shment
survey.
Survey carried out 1966 to
Covers current expenditures, 1968. purchases, sales by product, etc. and
capital assets. Tables presumably are totals by parish. -
....-.:h_e__Lbhou rocft (Twice per year), Kingston. [FDS/AID/JANM] each Survey of 1 percent of households taken
6 months. Involves 2-stage sampling outlined in detail in Pppendix 11. Identifies labor force (employed and
unemployed) by age, sex, training, economic activity, education, though not by area. Gives duration of unemployment etc. 'Looks also at income
of workers.
Income estimates for
agriculture may not be detailed enough
.=,,.
65 for accuracy, and employment data may Note that sample be inappropriate. was changed in Poril 1975. ---.
Jamaica Development Bank. SelfSupporting Farmers' Development Programme, Socio-Economic Evaluation Repot, March 1976, 92 pp. [plus tables and questionnaires]. [RDS/AID/JANJ
SCLC
Survey of farmers in the SSFDP (farms of 1 to 25 acres) made in SeptemberOctober 1975. Sample size about 600 (20 percent). Survey is designed to measure the impact of the farm loans on small "he SFD. farmers' assets and income. in the placed (and explained program is development). rural context of overall The sample design and methodology is well described. The sample is stratified by four combinations of crop and livestock an4 results are areally disaggregated by Land Authority region. For each land authority, data on farm size distributions, use of inputs, annual livestock and crop output, crop expenses, operating capital, farm and livestock and crop output, crop expenses, o~erating capital, farm and non-farm income (and changes from P. 28 previous period), are given. Note comments on marketing problems. pre-program 1919 a is that there survey of SSFD farmers (MOA, 1969). ----
Self-Supprtinq Farmers' ---SocioDevelopment Programme. ,Egonomic Evaluatior .?eport, December.L 1977. recember 1977# 39 pp. +U appendices. (.DS/AID/JAM]
SCLC
A second evaluatior of the SSFDP loan program.
A 12 percent sample (422) of
participating farms from a random Data may not be stratified sanple. loan evaluate to is Data edited. income. farmer on program impact Also evaluates attitudes and sociodemographic information. Data do not deal with cost by commodity, but only for total farm (not clear how is obtained). ---.
---.
Ouestionnaire included.
.elf-Supporting Farmers'
Development Programme.
Self-Supporting
qCL:
66 Farmers' Development Programme: SocioEconomic Evaluation Peport. Kingston* December 1977. Study of 422 (a 12 percent stratified sample) from those with about 50 percent disbursement of loans. It includes an attitudinal section and quantitative information Survey does about farm activities. not cover cost by enterprise, just overall costs per farm and post programme. Questionnaire is attached to document. griculture. Data Bank and Evaluation Division. An.AgFo 9fonomc Samp le Survey Pindirs s Kingston* as, 'ivec and Two-Meetin-gs Appendices. 4 1977. 192 Tables, [PDS/AID/JAM]
m.inistry of
---.
SC,s
A comprehensive survey, commissioned by
MoA and USAID as a part (two-volume descriptive analysis of area an4 program is
also available) of feasibility study
for an Integrated Pural Development Oroqramme in the area. The introduction carefully specifies the sample design and technique. Six hundred fifty-seven of four thousand total farmers were surveyed in a random stratified sample. Data collected by 7 farm size categories includes: number of farmers by size of farm, age group, marital status, family size, educ~t ion,
dependent
characteristics, experience in farming, crop, conservation adortion, market
center, type of purchased input* livestock types, credit use, value of output, off-farm employment.
Data is
available on cards. -
..
Forecast of ProdaCtion
forFCS December
1e,,.c11LAkricultura1_ Cmodities, "[DS/PID/J] 1977.
Kingston. November 1977.
Presents crop forecast ior the following month based on extension agent reports. There is a table for each parish and an all-island summary is given for 50 major crops. Data Collection Statistics and ----. -Indices of ;-valuation Department. ° d u c t i 2n and Farm _ Do mestic %qicultural GateRrices, 1970, 74. Kingston, 197F.
[7SADJk4]
-C,. ,
67
Based or data collected monthly from extensicn agents and market intelligence officers. Weights used in overall indices are described. Has also annual farm gate prices by commodity for 1973-74. ---. ---.0 --- . ladices of Domestic Ariultural Production and Farm ate Prices 1970-1976. Kingston* June 1977. (PDS/AID/JAM, 2 copies]
Se"
The third in a series of agro-economic indicators published annually. Data collected monthly by extension agents and market intelligence officers. Estimated annual prices by commodity are given for 1976. Contains summary evaluation o:E trends. Data presented by quarter and by major crop for 1976 are not given by parish. In 1978 this survey vill report farm input prices. O Division of Economics and Statistics. Final ?eport on Survey-of Relistered pane Farmers ,2_gpRlJin_2SuaK Cane Factories in Jamaica. Kingston, 1963. [.OA/JkM] .
SC
Gives number of farms by production, percentage of farm in cane, yield, by parish and farm size. Survey ofeqistered jamn Cane Farmers SupallingCane Factories-in Jamaica: West Indian I.uqar Company, nE-mus~kClarendon. Kingston, 1963. (ZIMiA/JRM )
SC
Provides the results of 1962 survey: size distribution of farms, yield, percentage use of particular techniques (fertilizers, etc.) area in production, etc. .---y_ofCane - -. Fr.mgs Supolyinq Stevens Fact2ylarefnkon. [O/JAM] Kingstor, 1963.
Sc
Production, yield, techniques, area data by farm size but no costs. "Monthly ---. ---- Production ,nit. report, ?stimate of National Crop Production." [loose tables in file folders].
ScS
68
These estimates are the result of
k two extension agent reports. On availability. in lag month was report October's 16, December given are Peports the most recent. acreage crop, by region (3) , by Also mixed with (pantef,, growing).
these are explanations for problems and failures to meet targets and reports of the Crop Lien program which was initiated as part of the Emergency Production Plan. This program helps remove credit reviews and other barriers to small farmers. available from J. Dobinson, Production Unit, MCA.
_..* _._.
,elf-Supporting Loan Scheme:
Su re 2._Larm Kingstor, 1969. ---
.CIL.
l._A1_.s, Linhej_ F0 pp. [MOA/Jft:
63
(729.2) 1
*
ninistry of Lands and Agriculture.
FC
Division of Economics and Statistics. A. AQ.o-Economic Survey of _arms; in
the Bushy Park Area of _S .athqeAf ([OA/JAM] Kingston, 1960. 1959-60. Seventy-eight farrers were interviewed who were members of the Bushy Park Small Farmers Irrigation Co-operative
Society, ltd. Average size of farm approximately 6 acres, ani more than half were part-time. Farms essentially sugar-cane monoculture. *overs costs,in returns, estimated income. Suggests recommendations that sugar is acceptable for oart-time, but dairy or vegetable needed for full-time.
....
"Final Teport on an ---. ---. Agricultural Survey in Yallah's
(nimeo) Valley Land Area." (MOA/J3M] 1961. January Interviewed all
after (or into) tables. ..
SC
Kingston@
farrers five years the project.
Provides
EC_oM___n1_a T......--. the
-Coconut OEfZa1_F cale Farmirq; nanana. Sih~igate St. MaLarE~ts 195-9 A S..P~ooa'
Kingston, Jamaica 19FO.
[MOA/JkM]
FCcC
69 Twenty-seven farmers kept farm and consumption accounts: covers crops, returns, use of inputs, etc. -.
The Economic Organization O .mall Scale Farming: Citrus. Ground Provisions_and Livestock, B okenhu.st, Manchester. 1958. (MOA/JA4] ---*
-0-
SC,C
Forty-three farmers selected ;y extension personnel, with above crops (ground provisions are food plots) in Brokenhurst area of South Manchester. These farmers were to keep records (extension checked). The first year 41 records were kept, in the second 20 Covers crops, returns, use of inputs, etc. MYPS, J... Meat Consumption Statistics ofth _Eommo jeaIth Caribbean. Department of Agricultural Economics and Management, University of West Indies, 1971.
SCC
Develops consumption data by island 195n-68 by type of meat. Also has prices. O'LOUGHLIN, C. "The Measurement and Significance of Agriculture Sector Statistics in National Accounting." Soci..1 and Economic Studies 6, go. 3 (September 19-7): 363-379. [MOA/JAM; UoI/ISF]
SC
Outlines sources of statistical data and methodology for certain estimates. SC,C lloyd B. Comparative Economics of PANKI.", PootCr22 Production i._Selected_2_qjn_ie2 2f the Commonwealth Caribbean. Ft. Augustine, 'rinidad: Department of Agricultural Economics, University of West Indies, 1970. [UWI/ISEP] Surveys were carried out in various Commonwealth Caribbean countries. in Jamaica, 241 farms were surveyed January to narch 197f in a variety of land authorities to estimate production costs of dasheen, and irish potatoes. Sampling procedures outlined. Size and scatter of root farms in survey did not allow large/ small farm breakdown. Looks at labor use, productivity in relation to age and use of hired labor, and impact of family labor on net returns. Describes items of land preparation planting dates, fertilizer use, but doesn't estimate budgets on each, just cost averages. Does have task breakdown on labor (average). Gets
70 attitudes to price change (what would you do if price increased by 1 cent* 2 cents, etc.) and why more root crops not planted. Has questionnaire at back. ---.
LPrmieinar View Of Cassava (aallhot esculenta} Production_1n St. AugOccasional Series !o. 6. Jamaica. Agricultural of ustine, Trinidad: Department Fconomics and Farm Management, December* 1971 16 pp.
and Marlene HEE HOUNG
SC,."
Provides a summary of data on cassava in Jamaica and reports the results of a 19 farm survey on costs and returns in the St. Elizabeth and M.anchester areas. Society Agricultural Sel-He.1,p Hugh. Jamaica DPqvelopm~enJ_ 10BOTHAM, _2.Ejb _jarenon._ural Herald Ltd., Kingston# JMiL.t.urvey. [MO)/JAF] Bibliography. 138 pp. 1969.
SC,
Gives farm project history and describes 'new' approach based on determination of JS. group needs and rural development using All farms in project (2,167) are interviewed to get overall picture of region--provides results on education, literacy, residence, membership organizations, housing, vter, electricity, communications, etc., husbandry, number of distribution of farms, fragmentation, land use (crop yields but no costs--sugar, trees) livestock, builling, machinery, equipment, hired labor, fertilization, credit and attitudinal questions. SC'V!T,
A.
"Problems Which Beset Cane
Varming,"
amer 79,
1974: 92-103.
Provides a report of a Cane rarmer Survey undertaken in August/November 1973, concerned mainly with the islandwide problems of cane farmers. The survey was carried out by a system of random sarpling and farmers were categorized according to size of their "'he problems revealed by the farms. survey, essentially micro-economic (1) the general in nature, were: (2) the complete labour; of shortage harvesting the of disorganization inade'7uate the (3) operations; and plains Clarendon water supply in the area.
-e
c
71
STORE, Carl. "A Sociological Survey of Tenant Farmers on Project Land Lease." Pp. 39. (mimeo) Kingston, 1974. I (POA/JAH
EC,S,LC
Provides the results of a sociological survey of 120 tenant farmers in 1974. Describes basis of survey and notes previous occupation, farm size (most 1/3 to 2 acres), income before land lease (25 percent could not answer this question), education level, age, and 35 percent comobtains feedback on scheme: plained of shortage of cash to meet land preparation expenditures not financed by land lease and to hire labor; others mentioned the lack of water; or inadequate Furvey looked at attitudes on land. benefits of program, not objective measures because half hadn't any cash income, i.e. only 194 gave gross sales. Benefits were seen through dignity etc. (28 percent), cash income (over 20 percer.t), Hostility to coopincreased food (16 pe!rcent). Not very detailed erative farming was noted. social though information, economic useful. information reasonably Peport, major -producers WILLIAMS, H.D. surveL_t. §.atherine. Kingston: [NO/JAH] Ministry of Agriculture, 1966.
SC,$
"MaJor" covers 'significant' producers of the product. WILLZAMS, F.t. "A Note on the Specification and Estimation of a Pias in the Measurement of the Size and Growth of Peal GDP in Jamaica." Social and Economic Studies 22, Vo. 3 (Septemter 1973) : 384-39.
SC
Earlier article pointed out negative bias of price deflator of capital goods used by Dept. of Statistics because there is no This paper index of construction laboL costs. giving GDP on bias this of estimates effect However percent. a mean estimate of + 5 the null hypothesis could not be rejected. Growth of GDP had a mean bias of .U percent and range from -2.8 to 8.8 percent. "Gross, Fixed Capital ?ormation in Jamaica 198-'6 - ' Constant Price
SC
72 .lqnd cgnomic studies S Series." 20p No. u (December 1971): 369-377. P.uthor indicates three sources of bias in available current data and Then estimates a corrects for one. corrected price deflator ior thi series.
73
AG ICI T."TR E: EXTENSION# VDUCATtONe OFGANIZATIO'S
&LLEYNEO Egbert Patrick. "Training and Management Policy for Agricultural Research Scientists in the Governmental 4 Study in Two Caribbean StatesSystem: Trinidad and Tobago, and Jamaica." Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Cornell University, 1975. Study sought to determine existing problems relating to management policy of agricultural research. Data were generated by interviews with scientists and administrators and questionnaires to extension agents. Data relate to organization, recruitment, support, in-service development, internal management procedures including rewards, project teamwork, monitoring of performance, etc. No discernible oolicy was found on recruitment and training to ensure Almost that anticipated needs were met. outreceive4 was all graduate training suggests side the region and evidence Procedures orientation was inadequate. and guidance for evident not were (if rewards and research of direction research to relate present) did not Fxtension agents knew performance. of on-going research work. little Jose E. The Communal ?nterprise. Instituto Interamericano de Ciencias Agricolas (IICA), Kingston, March 1978, ft3 pp., bibliog. (PDF/AID/JA11
APviUJO,
E, -
This report is the first chapter of a larger work by Dr. Araujo. The main theme is the advantages of collective action as a part of the process of agrariar reform and land redistribution. Includes a how-to-do-it section analyzing the stages of organization and physical creation of a communal group. ---
"he Theory Behind the communit.Y Enteriseg. Seminar in Jamaica. Instituto Interamericano de Ciencias .gricolas (IICA), Kingston, March 1978, 13 pp. (PDS/AID/JA4. ]
E,J,LC
74
Peport is the outlire of a seminar held Dr. Araujo is the Director Feb. 1978. and the report is the ZICA of General on this topic. This series a second in IICA experience summarizes short document what does not and in regard to vhat works case study and in community development experience in Latin America is cited. A.ric&ultural Research ia CARIBBEAN AFFAIPS. Jamaica. proceedings of a seminar held at University of Vest Indies, June 19, Extra-nural Dept. of Kingston: 1965. University of West Indies 1965. [I.0A/JAN]
r*T
Summarizes speeches of various experts on what should be done and summarizes discussion. critical CHASE. R. Darwn.
LRepoct on the
EvP
Co-Operative Movement in qamaic4. of co-Operatives ot America Organization MAJj 1971. 132 Credit Unionse In 1970 there were: 4 Co-ops for input distribution, 22 for banana boxing, 2(C of coffee producers. 10 of cocoa producers and 13 of fishing. Has detailed recommendation on each phase of operation. However, does not provide a real evaluation, but only a description of co-operative action.
EVANS, P.C.C. "School and Society in 4 Survey of Rural Rural Jamaica: Elementary Schools in Jamaica, with Particular Reference to the Lives Children Lead in Their Communities and the Occupations They Follow Unpublished When They Leave School." Ph.D. dissertation, University of London, Institute of .ducation, 1965.
E
F!EDDEJOHF, Herbert C.
£,C
?ONEP, Nancy. "Competition, Conflict and Education in Pural Jamaica." juMtn_ Cp~ajjizat3on 31, No. 4 (Winter 1972) : 395-402.
S
".ecommendations ani orgarization the ?elating to in Co-Operative Dairy Operation of a in made survey a Jamaica. ?eport on (Himeo). 15. Pp. 'arch 1966. Jamaica." ] PDS/AID/JA C
75 Describes attitudes to secondary education in a rural community. Since competitive access to education became available it is considered the major Pesults of means to upward mobility. sample survey of 40 household heads show education is regarded as key means to success. 'here are inter-personal conflicts between those whose children attain secondary scho.l and those who do not. Does not refer to role of Includes education to agriculture. a use breakdown of community into . groups wage laborers, small independent farmers (3 to 10 acres), big farmers, white collar workers, and large estate owners (10-50 acres). Characteristics proviied for each grouo indicates role of off-farm employment and hiring in of labor. eport FOOD 4ND .GPICTLTU.? OPG.NIZATION. O the FAO[_DAIDL Expert_Consultttjns 2n_Extension training in the Caribbean .ome, 1973, v+=5pp. and Latin America.
EJ
.Consultations were to take a new and critical look at extension training needs from the farm-level point of view and to examine the links between the various Kinds of extension people and the farmers, and among the farmers therselves. Consideration was also given to seeking means of involving peasanrts rore directly in the extension endeavour through representative peasant organizations. The emphasis throughout was on the development of extension training that is relevant to farm needs. ---.
9ural rxtension in Latin America and earibbeaof the Technical Report the Extension Nnd Agricultural on Conference 29 November Peru, Pural Youth, Chiclayo, , 1c'P - 12 December 197n . come, 1971. pp. The agenda for this fConference was prepared or the hasis of the most relevant current aspects of agricultural extersior in Latin America and the It was divided into three Caribbean. sectiors Dermitting delegates to analyze separately backgrouni and up-to-date aopraisal of extension work in the region; an outline for integrated
E, J
76 extension work. inREs, P.Z.
E*J
GOODING, E.G. "How Well Does the qniversity of the West Indies Faculty of Agriculture Serve the caribbean's Farming Community?" CariebAn. arminQ 3. No. '4 (1972): 23-214.
EJ
BITE, Winston. "A wedel for Leadership Development Component of Vocational Agriculture Programs in Jamaica." Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Iowa State University, 1976.
E
"griculturl Extension - -ecent Trends ir.Agricultural Education for Oural Development." Journal.ofthe2..A'icult.a of. Trinidad rnd Tobago 75. No. 4 Sogig (1975): 372-380.
Carried out a survey of a stratified sample of schools with vocational agriculture, and interviewed
administration and teachers for
qualification, and estimated attitudes. Half of teachers possessed level of education required by qVE to teach vocational agriculture. mhree-fourths of teachers had less than 5 years experience (indicating Author develops a a high turnover). suggested 3-year vocitionil education program for leadershic development using a Future Farmers of America model. HENDE0*ON, Thomas H. "Factors Associated with Job Performance of Agricultural Extension Workers in Jamaica, West indies." Unpublished Ph.D. dissortation. University of Wisconsin, 19F9. rurpose of study was to determine factors associated with effective job performance among extensicn workers. A.sample of 99 officers (.ome educational, others service and regulatory and Land Authority) was interviewed using 2 schedules. 7hese covered pre-service tackground, in-service background, subjects evaluation of adequacy of training and experience and personality variables. Patings of perforiance by farmers, peers and supervisors was also made.
77
---.
"The Pole of tgricultural Extension in 1.aximizing Pegional Self-Sufficiency in Food Supplies"
FeJ
Proceedings of__th
Tenth West Indies Aricultural .cg.Mis St. ljna; 1975. C.nference Georet.n__ West of ,niversity Trinidad: Augustine, Indies, Department o'f Agricultural Economics, 1975. Pp. 122-130. "'he University of the West Indies and Agricultural Extension Work in la Progress the Caribbean." Lgricur 102-109. : 48, (1973) f..ltory of-the Jamaica_ V YTE, Clyde.
---.
Ag ricult
Pp. 54.
tr.giociet
reJ
E
y,_ 1895- 1960.
C9DS/AD/JAM]
n diasaE HUIZEP, G. Fural Extensioaj2 and the America fttlvat ion in Latin Food and Agricultural raribbean. Organization, Agricultural Education and Training Service, Human Pesources and Institutions Division. Occasional ?p. 2S. Paper No. 2, 1973.
EJ
This paper examines some of the central structural and institutional relationships which have a close impact on the development of effective extension Cf particular concern is the work. involvement and participation of the peasant in extension and ways and means by which peasant organizations can become a more effective instrument in the
extension process. HUNTLEY, Pilburn J. Deve
ntf.
The_hyme-sfield Dairy
CooperativeLtd.
Etc
kgricul-
tural Cooperative Development International, Washington, D.C., December 19E9, Pp. 3 * appeniix. (PDS/C'D/JAM] t consultant report or the progress of Defines U1SID funded dairy cooperative. the program, prcvides an economic evaluation, discussion of problems and Generally favorable recommendation. and recommends more technical assistance. JAMAICA. Ministry of Education. Five Year Kingston, Jamaica, Plan for Education. December 1977. Contains vlans for rural education changes and exoar.sion.
E
78
"The Annual JP.BAIC) AGSICUL"IPF SnCEIPTY. I.eport, April-flarch." rcmer (July or somewhat earlier month). [,40/JAfN1 ---.
_F.e
faA/JAfl]
(Bi-monthly or quarterly).
co-
Gives short reports of research results extension advice etc. NUNN, K. "mhe Role of Farmers and Their _M79, go. 1/2 Crganizations." rMO/JM] 15. 12-13, : (Jan/Feb 197U)
F
PROSSEP, R.C. "Jamaica: Pesident.ial Camps and Ither Programs for out-ofIn Fducation --oK School Youth." ,ural Development. AHMED, 4. and COC'BS, P.H. (eds.) , Mev York: Praeger Press, 1975.
E
9?VIEW TPUM ON RUFAL S90VICES. Agricultural Education. Sector Study. _.liculral author). no date, Pp. 18 (no
E
r RDS/AID/JPM ]
Contains a description and analysis of the seven agricultural training programs (e.g. 4-H, Agriculturl Society) and reccmmendation of the review team. The date seems to be circa 197U. M.G. "Education and Occupational . FITH, ._and- cono J& Choice in Jamaica." So [MOA/JAM; Studies 9, No. 3 (19AO). uv /izs I r"eports on occupational preference (3 types) preferred by school age children ani young adults in 8 areas of rural Jamaica. Found very low percent of either group wished for own-accornt farming or rural labor. Adults over 25 have Ruthor more realistic preferences. suggess aspirations are to escape rural situation. Schools reinforce urban image. Problems are likely when system reinforces aspirations and does nct allow them to be realized. qricltuRalExtension S'IE , Edgar S. Jamaica: Educatirln Jamaica. gricultural Planning ,nit, ministry of Agriculture and Land, 1968. CFC'/JAN 308:63(729.2) 1
E-
79
lists out number of extension agents per agency, including MO marketing boards, Christiana and Yallahs Valley Authorities as at 1968. MOA Live3tock
47 27
Land Authority Yallahs V. Christ. Watershed Protection Cane Farmers kssoc. Banana Growers Assoc* Citrus Bd. Coffee roconut ?d. Bd.
16 32 5 2 26 9 S 173
which was an average of 918 holdings and 9,1n0 acres per extension officer. (For MOP there were 3,A0O farms per extension otficer.) WILLIA5, D.L. and HAYE, W. T he TFA Future Farmers of Pmerica--A Moiel for FFJ Future Farmers of Jamaica." Aqri: cultural Education 49, 4o. 8 (Feb 1977):
E
180-181.
WO')D, Aston S. Aqricultura!. Education in JamaicaL. a eview and a _rnP2al for Development. Instituto Interamericano de Ciencias agricolas (IZ'-A) , Kingston, #ctobec 1977, 105 pp. + vi appendices + bibliog. [.DS/hIr/J&M ]
E
Includes detail for establishment facilities and curriculum ror agricultural education at all levels. YOQTNGJ3(HN,
P.J.
"Drimary Co-nperatives
Xear Pook of Agricultura1 in Jamaica." "xford, 1975.1971-. Co-npeation 163-175. Pp. U.K.: B1ackvell,
Basil
There are 2U6 primary co-operatives in of Jamaica with an aggregate membership . about 16 ,6r n . credit unions.
There are also 12 Apart from bananas,
coffee and cocoa the most important co-operative marketing organizations are concerned with potatoes and fishing.
Ef,
8i
Lat,
AGPICUMTPE:
CPEDIT
T tL: !GBICUL.UPIL SECT('. S UDY. Secor (to author, JW U4S_. .4Deveopne.. (ptob. agency) nn date, no sponsoring 14. Pp. (Xerox), Jamaica, MOA)
LC
[?DS/AID/JAe I
& brief survey o! land use, phy3scal base, tenure, demogriohy, agricultural policy, institutions and sector performance. Date seei's to be 1974. Provides table nf land use capability in acres by class for each parish. Plso discusses tenure and related laws and boards. "Soil Curvey in Jamaica." EP.KY:, G.1I. cientifjS.-esjacch _n of the Jou [40A/JAH] .ouqcu l of Jamaicn I, (1970). AFHER, Theodore P. 1gricultural Credit da and efmen Evaluation In_...ia: Keeping. dccoun .ad ors on
u1S/AID 19A4.
( 0F/J?1
LC t
LC Z
332.71 (729.2) 1
Does give information on credit board law and Feople's Co-^p Boards, but otherwise is specifically accounting.
"'"he Diffusion of Innovations: ?3XT?:, A.?. Soil Conservation Techniques in the Unpublished Yallahs Valley, Jamaica." West Indies, of University M.Fc. thesis. 1973.
Ilona, Jamaica, BAYNES, Ponald A.
Pp.
194.
c lW/J1"1
"The Ideal Environment
Credit in the gricul'ural Effective Prt, for ueedinq2s of TwelfthKest Caribbean." Indies .,_j
.r
Ut
oh ns _Ant i g
-onE,2cs--oonfe 1977. ._i_
rence
qt. Augustinp,
Depart°rinidad: University of West Indies,Farm ar.i mert of 4gricultural Economics I.anagement, 1976, pp. 175-180. ,%omments by adviser to private bank on of reasons for the declining productivity -u r a l agriculture, despite available agricul Suggests that official policies credit. oxdo not actively encourage agricultural p.nsion.
LCt"
LC,J
81 the "Land 'eform ior jndian George. BECKFO.D, of t;he_Seventh.West Proceedings ta c s -Confref~e, AgQ11ulturl, Econo ..1pril 9-12j 1971#
t's.J
Grand Anse,,-Grenada
St. Angustine, Trinidad: University of [9DS/kID/Jh4] West Indies, 1973. This article reviews some of the theoretical issues in land reform, some third country experience, presents an analysis of effects of land reform on agricultural
development and looks
at land reform in the broader context. Gives 1961 estimates of output per unit
lan4 and output per person for large and
small farms. In Jamaica small farms had twice the output per icre of large. Uses this to calculate likely effects of land reform. Suggests all land should be leased, that farms be 5-25 acres, and that there be provision of modern inputs. BOUPNE, Compton. "Dynamic Utility4aximizing Models of the Demand for Money in Caribbean Economics (with Social an Application to Janmica." 3 No. 23, Studies _D 9n2ic
(Sep 1974) : u18-5L&.
1.CJ
mo/JAm]
Provides a summary of characteristics of economy likely to affect monetary behaviour and then develops a model of the household demand for money and business firms demand for money and fits them using Jamaican data. Estimates interest rate, price inflation and income elasticities of money demand. Pesults suggest relatively unimportant roles for internal rates and price inflation and important role for incomes, but are very tenative. '"Lnd Use and Agricultural SUCK"IPE. G.r. Development in the Commonwealth Caribbean."
Pgoceed-n.gs_2f_
evenht
cultural Economics Conferenc.e. 2
jjn2-a kri-
Gar rLd!nser
Grenadapril._9-.5 197 . St. !ugustine, Trinidad: Dept. of Agricultural Economics, University of West Indies 1972. Pp. 4047.
[inA/JA,]
Sets out a land use policy including no Systematic plan sales to non-national. of prices. control for zoning, government Suggests flat, good aqriculture land is going into other uses.
LC,J
82
CALLENDEP, Charles Victor. "The Development of the Capital '.arket Institutions of Jamaica." Supplement to social-and Economic Studies 11, Ro. I (September 196c), pp. 174. [RO./JAM; UWI/ISEP1
LCe.1
includes a description of agriculture Loan Society Board (Peoples Co-operative lanks) to 1960 and their financing. Also describes the Agricultural Development Corporation at that time. CARPBFLL, t.G.; CPUICKSHANK, N.H.; YAMKEY, J.B. .qricultural Credit in GeneaAl -ural Development and the_Ce&dt Strateq s in the Less Devel-pe for SmallF.arl coti-ePs 9f the rnqs§-_Saki~n Caribbean. Pridgetown, Barbados: 32. Caribbean Development Bank, 1976. Pp
L.-J
4fter discussing some general institutional features of Credit Agencies serving small farmers in the less developed countries of the Englishspeaking Caribbean, this paper examines the role of the Caribbean Development Bank in rural development credit. Attention is given to the volume of credit absorved and available, the ratio of disbursement to commitment, and the sub-sectors which are affected most. Finally, after identifying the constraints to the further expansion of small farmer credit, recommendations are made for using agricultural credit in a package aimed at improving rural community life.
-n-CHISIAN. APEA LAND iUk"143RM. 1955. I.pRlEtL 1955.
LC
Kingston,
Has number and size of holiings, form of tenure, land use, credit use and credit worthiness, and farm population tenants and sugar cane producers. Object was to collect iata for organiThirtyzation of co-op credit group. debt. had farmers of eiqht percent the CLARKE, Edith. "Land Tenure and Family in U Selected Communities in Jamaica." Social and Economic Studies 1, No. 4 (1uqust 1953): 1-117. rMOA/JAM; uW:/:$E£,
LC
83
Data based on field work in fertile farming area, short-term lease area, and very isolated village. Two categories - 'family land' and
'Family land is 'bought land.' inheritel and is split among family members. 'Bought' land is bought by owner and can be sold or willed to one person. For the next generation it is family land.
CPEIGHTCN, A. "Element of Climate in North Eastern Jamaica and Kingston Area." Unpublished undergraduate thesis. Dept. of Geography, University of West Indies, .ona, 1972. [GD/UWI/J.n]
LC
DAVIS, N. "Ground Water Fesources in Jamaica." lrpublished undergraduate thesis. Dept. of Geography. Universit' of West Indies, Mona, 1977. (GD/IIWI/JM]
IC
EHRHASDm, ?.A. "Some Aspects of the Pelation between Water and Agricultural Production Unpublished undergraduate in Jamaica." of Geography, university Dept. thesis. of West Irdies. .9on,,1969. rGD/qW!/JAM]
t.
---.
"rome Aspects of the Pelation betweern
LC
Water and Agriculture--Production in Jamaica." Unpublished undergraduate thesis. Dept. of Geography, nniversity of West Indies# !ona, 1969. [GD/UWI/JP] ETRE, I.A. "Environment and Educatior." Unpublished undergraduate thesis. Dept. of Geography, University of West Indies, Mona, 1968. [GD/UWI/JAMII
LC
FtOYD, Barry. ,,Agricultural :nnovation in Jamaica: The Yallahs Valley Land _conomic Geoqraphy 46, Authority." No. 1 (January 1970): 63-77. (tWI/ISE?]
L.,Pr
Describes background and activities of the Yallabs Valley rural rehabilitation systcm, ,.,sing ar zu4h-rit v of type like TU!, carried out in hill-farming area. Provides an evaluation of the scheme. Esentially limited success (with vegetables, cattle, economic practices) operating and criticisms or returns and costs, and an administration which tried to work on everything - 'Haste makes waste.' Other problems were lack of
84
personnel, faulty plans, insufficient
thought into marketing. Costs for 17 years 536M (19711) per person per year. ._... S-u-rajLjnnovt ionin Ja mc The Yallahs_ Vale_tand Authority. O.ccasional Publication 4, Department of
Geography, (no date)
LC,Pr
University oi West Indies,
1961?
[:-!/Jhn]
Discusses some problems of this project, should be supplemented by article by same author in Economict2_oqraj;La 1970.
t.,GAYIZATION. A(D AG.ICTILTUPP FOODAj~jcujtuRal Ca ibbean Crtdit.in_the
Pome, 1976. 332.71 (729) ]
&rea.
pp.
58.
LCIJ
[MO/JAM:
?OD M'ID GFICULTURE OPGAKIZATION/U.N. DEVELOPMFNT rpniECT. Agrarian Pefom 1 Agricultural M_Genea W~n_-T_ Ejindj~ Development ica : Project
Jama
AG: DF/JAM/74/003 ecommenda t ions. 197S (restricted). Fotre, Tirminal_.eport , (UNDP/JAM]
(FDS/AID/JAM]
Peport of three man *eam which spent Provides several months in Jamaica. Jamaican of situation a current
agriculture (22 pp.), analysis of farmer situation based on census and has a series of detailed recommendations.
.--.
aendontanana~eTet
oftan
LCvTP#Pr
AGt: Dp/J3k/70/512/?ech Rap 5, Pome 197". ( NDP/JA"] Provides information on land ani water use (a semi-arid area)# present irrigation and future estimated demand tor irrigation. kIso provides detailed water quality and hydrology information.
Mts.,, te* of2J__9 1Dry_1jrt2r and Management -Jama-. •-- Deement Eesur.es2 AGI: DP/JAZ/70/51 / Worth -roast easin. i14DP/Jh.1 Tech. Pep. 3, ome 197".
Land use, water demand, and government development plans for tourist water and irrigated agriculture.
LC
,
- eveloP0.1nand ManaQemer.tof W_ae esources, Jamaica*. Rio CobreBasin. AGL.DP/JAM/70/512, Tech. 2, Pome 1974. 60 pp. + Plates. [PDS/kID/JA,]
LC-. P.r
Summarizes material in annexes, i.e. technical data on t he basin, its vater resources, water quality, land and water use, irrigation, plus development and investment plans. --.
Development and ranaqemenl_2f Water , 22es22Rcesj L Jamaica: Pig Cohre Bastn~~~ss GeoloUinne_..IIWatterP2.ce AnDel_ Lraisal. AGI : Dr/Ja M/70/5 12/i,ii," [UNDP/JA.II (?DS/).ID/J&O] Fome, 1974. Annex I! has detailed water availability data. Developent and_?anAga1e._2tqf_Water n7o obre Basin ..es ;_ater _2a1it1,_snnex '-!v land U~r~e..1ce~sJmaic" and Water Ilse, Annex V Irriation. %GL: DP/JAK/70/512/iii,iv,, Rome, 1974. [U.'D?/JA] ([US/AID/JAM]
LC,.
LCw'r-C# ..
-
Has detailed information on land use .lso has section on by farm size. rice Production agronomy and costs, and analysis of irrigation projects. ---.
]Lvelopment and .anagIment of Water Minho-Mili esoj&ces. No. 1, Tech. -Teport Fasin.Jama2-ca_io .,ior AGL: DP/JAM/70/512, Rome, 197L.
LC,-PPr
EVM)P/V"' I
Overall summary of annexes, ircluding suggestions for development of Clarendon plains. ---eeloment ano anagement-of Water Lio Hinho-ilk ?es__rcl_._ veoo 111, Rome, I j1s Annex _xe1_ DP/JPM/70/cl2, Tech. r*% 'INDP/J.Mi I 197U.
et
-:Devt of water
Piver Basin, Annex y._' onomic St EconImic Studias (ables"_nn) xVI AGL: DP/JAd/7(/512 Sech. .ffextL. Covers present land use and alternative
1C,
LC,.,
?
86 for intensive use of Clarendon plains. Discusses dairying, and uses ad hoc collected cost and returns data for analysing this and crop activities. Calculates benefits and costs of improved irrigation. LC,T,,Pr
of Rater eqLP._Baifn. E.eou1es. Jamai Ca: 2 Tech. Report 4, DP/JPM/70/51 AGL: [UNDP/JP81 Rome 1974. amenLManement
Delyt1 2
...-.
Has land and vatec use, cropping land class, vater demand estimates. irrigation data, plus a great deal of detailed technical material. Groud
---.
Water Surveys_jn Two A. 21s
Qf-the-Interior, Jamaca: Apvrai2;k pjLtof the Pedro Plains,_t..LZabeh GL: SF/JA?3/'.ech Rep 1, Pome, P&ea 1971.
,
Overall summary of technical material or. resources, agroromy, soil, land use, benefits and costs of irrigation. More details in appendices. o---
LC
in Twro Areas ater Furve_ Grn pprsal of_ .he Tnterior. Jamaica.: Plains,St. the Pedro ndx_-1 Mepot2of beth Lrea___j-~ Eliza 29o0y201o_2en09ix II Drillinq. AGL: SF/JA 3/Tech Pep l/lA/1,11, Rome, 1971.
---.
ef
LC,
Ground Water Surveys in Two areas i sa l the
Tjnt
or.__Jamaica---pvra
the Pedr2o Pin.&_t. _of .aort Hvdropen 1-IIl Area_. . ZLzabeth IV WaterOualit loy.L_Pp ediK_ AGL: ?F/J'P 3/'ech Pep 1/II, IV, Pome, 1971. ---.
!C,.,E,Fr
p 2 r sia ateLFurvey_in the Interior.,_'Aaical---1 of Groundleport of the E tha _rae Valley -Selawne Z . IGL: Sr/J)!.. 3, Tech. Rep. 2, Pome, 1971.
nverall summary of technical material or. resources, agronomy, soil, land use, benefits and costs of irrigation. Pore details irn appendices. *.
-a
G und @ ter Surveye
Two %reas
of
Ice ',P
87
_11ftqni2.. the Findin~l of on Pep.
r oL_ L amaica:__Sqam rdations Peo Hlydrology__
AGL: SF/JAM 3/Tech. roneaq.e.Area. 4, Puree, 1972.
Area has solution channels Cost and
technical difficulties in plugging sinkholes and capturing run off are much too great for use to be practical. Area has limited potential for irrigated crops and with a sparse population, little need for domestic water. Jamaica: and .Recommendations. irri~qation Oevelop~mnt Prolect-Findings
LCe,eP,Pr
AG: DP/JAM/73/011 Terminal report,
[IINDP/J'
Pome 1976.
[PDS/AID/JAMI
]
Gives status of 1TNDP related irrigation projects and recommendations for further work in Clarendon and Pedro Plains. ..
m*_waershed
jana qement.
a
LCV',PtPr
Fn: DP/JAK/67/50r, Rome, 1975. (Interim Peport 1973). A discussion of soil erosion and soil loss problem and recommendations. --
of
_ter ?esources Montego Fiver Basir.
trv tCJ
AGL: SF/JAM
3, Technical ?eport u. Water resources for Montego Bay analyzed
.
Little agricultural
demand suggested. FOUND, William C. "A Multivariate Xnalysis of Farm Output in Selected Land-Peform Canadian Geokeraphe of Jamaica." Areas [OWR-/J.n ] 12, (1968). Land settlement projects have been criticized with respect to size of settlement properties, types ot persons selected, location of homes
with respect to land, and types of land use encouraged.
sample study analyses data from a 20 percent of 6 land settlements in south-central Jamaica. Useful data on land, gross income, physical characteristics of settlements, etc. are tabularly summarized. Major part of article reports a regression inalysis of gross
.C,SCeS
8 income in each project as a function of size of farm, land use diversity.. distance of home from.farm, age,
number of deperdents, non-farm income* and acreage of lind outside the
settlement. This regression was used to analyse criticisms of the system. !2s were not very high and standard errors are not reportei. Factors most consistently related to output (gross income) were acreage of farm Some and distance to holding. signs. unusial showed variables Given the empirical nature of the
function, this does not seem surprising.
---.
"Land Use Patterns and Problems in
Selected Land Settlements in S-Central Jamaica: A .tudy in Multiple Pegression Analysis." Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Florida, 1966, Pp. 39*.
Dissertation is a study of patterns and problems of land use In six land settlement program areas. Twenty percent of farmers in areas were Fegression of gross interviewed. income as a dependent variable was carried out. Analysis inlicated effects of farm size, crop diversification, non-farm income and distance of house from holding as affecting land use cractices. For analysis see also Found (19-8). by GAYLE* B.C.H. "The Financing of Sugar (1ime) Commercial Banks in Jamaica." University Nora: Dept. of Economics. of West Indies, 1948.
LC,7
of GEOPGE, Vincent. ","he (7r.derutilization UnpubAgricultural Land in Jamaica." lished Ph.D. dissertation. Dept. of Geography, University of West Tndies,, [GD/IWI/JI 1 Nona, 1977. "Jamaican land Law." G. ANT, V.B. Unpublishpd N.A. thesis, qnIversity of London, 19u8.
tc
"Some Aspects of the HP FIS, Brian J.D. Pate of Erosion of Limeston-e in Jamaica." Onpablished f.qc. thesis. Dept. nf Geography, University of West Indies, Mona, 1971. rGD/UWI/J'A]
LC
89
H=:.LS, T.L.; ITON, S.; and LUNDG*EI,
J.
LCS
"Farm FragIentation in the Commonwealth Caribbean: Some Preliminary Observations and Analyses." Procee~ings of the 7th Agricultural Conterence "aA.nse Economics Grenqada- L_!rjl 9-15_, _1972. University of West Indies, St. Augustine, Triridad. Pp. 88-102. HOLLAND, Daniel M. "P Study of tand In Land and Taxation in Jamaica." Their Effect-on Auilding-lmaxes-,
LCJ
Economic Development, Arthur P. BECKER (ed.)* Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1969, Pp. 239-286. (NAL: HJ 4165.L34] Jamaican property tax since 19A2 has been unimproved site value, rather than improved value. Article describes process and notes all land holdings worth unde" 100 were not valued. Three taxes are levied: property, parish and service rates. All parcels (not total holdings) of less than 1,000 unimproved value were exempt, the rate was then progressive. IGFOZUPIKE, Fatthias U. "An Empirical Contribution to the Issue of Farm Size in tand Parcellization." Journal o GeoqraphY 75, No. 5 (May 1976) : 266-274.
LCS
Compares parcellization by farm size in Christiana and Port Antonio areas of Jamaica with East Tentral Nigeria. In Jamaica interviewed the 30 farmers on whether they had sufficient land. Fifty percent of small scale farmers (less than 25 acres) indicated need for more land. Small farms had a smaller number of fragments per farms than did large farmers. " ragmentation in Tropical Pgri,P culture: Concept. Process, Pesult. Unpublished Ph.D. A Jamaican Study." dissertation, University of Florida, 1971. Analysis based on case studies in area. ?ield evidence tended to back condemnation cf fragmentation
LC
90 on grounds of land use inefficency
though substantiation is less firm
than literature reviev suggests. For analysis carried out see also IGBOZ'JFIKE (1976).
IMPEEIAL %COLLEGE OF TPOPICAL AGRICULTURE, Jilad Segional vesearch Centre. 1-13, Vol Jamaica. Survey, &_qalse I [MOA/JA 19R9. App. 21 pp.
LC
This series of studies covers soils, climate, relief, drainage, land use vithin each parish. There are also estimates of soil capability recommended by soil type. One of very fey data sources at parish level. This series is an excellent descriptive source despite its age. It also still defines important agricultural problems. TOTEP-A!4EPICAN DEVELCPHENT BANK. Jamaica: Projeat fpeort on Self-Suopertinq Farmers' Development Program Stae IV 23 August 1977. (Festricted) f90/AID/JA41
L':,Pr
Has update on this project and evaluation of earlier part of project. ACNEDP INTEFF&TIOIAL B&NK FOP P.ONST.UCTIO A.D Project DEVtLOPMENT. Latin hmerica
Department and Caribbean Pegional
Office. Appraisal of the Fecond lg£lc_t_ral CrEdit Pojfct of Jamaica. (Festricted) Report 350aJM. May 7v 1974. [FDS/AID/JAM] Ippraisal of a continuing program for investment in dairy, beef, citrus and coconut on about 200 farms (not necesDiscusses performance sarily small). under first loans (though not in detail). Has tvo short but useful descriptive
sections on agricultural credit and usefil background descriptions of dairy and beef cattle, citrus and other fruit tree crops.
JAMAICA. Finistry of Agriculture. of Engineering. a) "Agricultural Sector Study
Dept.
Jamaica Irrigation Authorities" (mimeo) b) "Present Situation, unpublished" (mimeo) [DS/AID/JAP.
Material provided by Mr. Pusey on the
ICT
91 role of the Irrigation Authorities in running and operating irrigation. The 'Present Situation' material applies to the Pio Cohre scheme. ---
-- Me Planning Unit. An Evaluation o21_Eojlect Land-Lease and Project
LCF
Food Farms from Their inception to Jan. 31, 1 9 74 . Kingston, 1974. [fOA/JPH: 333.51]
roject Land Lease, Status --_-. Summary (monthly). Kingston. (HOA/JAM I
-
LCSC
Gives data on land investment, land leased, number of tenants under each type of programme, land occupied, acres planted and tons of crops harvested (reaped) and value, by Indiviparish and within parish. dual crop information on all land together: planted in month, in ground this month, to delivery period, crop reaped this month and to date. ---.
Ministry of Agriculture and Lands. Division of Economics and Statistics. Land Reform in Jamaica with.Emphasis on October 1962. Pp. 77. Iand Settlement. I (UWI/IsF?
LC
This is an evaluation of past programs as well as a base for future policy. Part A, a discussion of the Land Reform program; Part P, Land Reform-agricultural productivity and output; effects on employment, wages and living conditions; Part D, financing reform and effects on the governmental budget; Part E, Land ,eform and community development. Land Authority. Yallahs Valley JMPICP. [ .A/JAM ] AA._-ePo2R_t.
LCI
Provides acreage estimates by crop, credit use, etc. ---.
Sample SurveY__of
eport on a ----. Farms in-the Yallas Im.Rovement #tea .with Special Peference Credit).. ofLaricultural
the Problems to Fingston,
(date unkrnown). Quoted
(McMorris) as showinj that in
LCC
92 mid 950s of 3,000 farms, 1,s00 depended on shop credit. P.bout 15 percent obtained credit from Peoples ro-op r percent produce dealers 25 percent commercial banks, relatives, etc. Thirty-three percent did not borrow. Percentages greater than 10P as more than 1 source was used.
--------
Yallahs
Valley Land uthority 19I-1966 15th Annivrsary Brochure. ColO%/JAI. I
LC
Describes project, programs and results. qot an unbiased evaluation* but indicates highest estimate of achievement. "Self-Supporting Far Programme." Farmers' Development 80, No. 7 (1975): 282-289.
JMqAICP DEVFLOPMENT BANK.
LC
The Self-Supporting Farmers' Development Programme was initiated in 1969 aj a project of the (then) 14inistry of Pural land Development, aimed at raisinn the level of small-scale farming in Jamaica, by maKing available to farmers in the r to 25 acre 4rouo supervized credit for medium-long term agricultural develoFent. The object(1) to ives of the Drogramire are: social improve the economic and standard of the beneficiLry farm fatrily by lifting the net farm income to at least Sgnn annually, and (2) to provide food for the nation by proper development of land rosources. The financing and administration of the scheme are described and details are presented of its operation in tabular form. JRNHPCN, H. "Patterns of water Surplus and Deficit in Jamaica." Uinpublished Undergraduate thesis. Dept. of Geography, University of West Indies, Iona, 1976. JOHNSON,
[ GD/U
rving E.
LC
I/J i ]
"Alternatives in
Agricultural Land wenure, Jamaica, npublished ?h.D. Vest Indies." University, Cornell dissertation, pp. 454. 1961.
---. tA.d_ease, Vol. 1 (of 3 volumes Instituto Jamaica: orojected).
V
93 Interamericano de Ciencias kgricolas, Document 6 (no date--in process?). "I Peview of Land Settlement --- et al. in Jamaica." Proceeding.Aof the 7th west Indian igricutural Economics rand Anse..Grenada_ 2,1i Conferenc~e. Augustine, Trinidad: Ft. 1922. 9..15, Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Pp. University of West Indies, 1972. 1117-132.
LC.P
C[t10 /J1AM ]
Defines land settlement as system whereby Government subdivides land which it either owns or subsequently purchases for settlement of farmers on a freehold or leasehold basis. Discusses settlements 1949-63, of freehold and leasehold kind. Needed rehabilitation and land lease of 5 years was not liked. Two experiments in co-op farming--1ucky Hill and Grove are 4escribed and problems discussed. In period 1963-72 few farms were settled, though had a dairy scheme with successes and shortcomings. A year training was required of all participants and infrastructure and size were based on a target incomes. Discusses private tenant schemes (e.g. AIcan) with 1969-70 data. some analysis, though coverage patchy. --- ; STFACHAN, Marie; JOHISON, Joseph.
LC
Land Settlement in Jamaica. Instituto Interamericano de Ciencias kgricolas (UICA),
biblicg.
Fingston, December 1977, 37 pp.
[?DS/AID/JAM]
Contains a brief history and analysis of early land schemes. Major emphazis is on the land-lease scheme, its policy, goals and performance as well as statistics on its size, scope and importance. KEIL, F.R. "r.and rise Planning in the Caribbean Area." Soil Conservation Society of America Proceedings 26, (1971): 2.-30. rvI7t: 56,9 sC33F] "cMAHON, C.
,'Climatic Change in
Jamaica
over the Past Century with Specific Reference to Precipitation Patterns." Unpublished undergraduate thesis. Dept. of Geography, University of West Indies, Mona, 1969. [GD/UW I/JAM ]
LCJ
T.-
9"
lnanchn ftall-Farm F CMflOPE£S, C.S. Jamaica, Kingston# in Jamaica. Institute of Social and Economic Pesearch, 1957. (MOA/JAMI
LC S.'
Peports results of survey of approximately 3,000 farms, with a
follow-up on 80 farms in much more detail (8 visits). r bviously out of date, bet of some use to measure historical change (e.g. in sources of credit, loans and assets, etc.).
---.
"Small-Farm Financing in Jamaica." SUaaIement of Social and Economic 6 No. 3, XIV. Pp. 128. 5tudies, [ FoA/a r; T1W:/I SE.? I
LC,
.r
Same as individually published report. Data from 19q4 survey done in conjunction with D. Edwards for 84 small farms, and with 8 visits over the year. Pesults suggest small farmers fund mostly with savings and use little credit, thiough 'aware of it.' Most require l.and titles and over half did not have adequately registered titles. Also provides inforration on official funds by source (19-LI) and compares operations of credit agency. IFGANIZATION OF AMEPICAN STATES.
(Cover
tCJ
page missing but an emDloyment[CI/ generation suggestion paper.) M4 AID/J" ] Has section on agriculture. Suggests bringing idle land into production to provide employment. Has table (1973) by land class of unutilized land and in units of over 100 acres (Land Development and Utilizaticn Committee) . 4akes some tentatie suggestions for youth settlement on these lands. Appendix A on Jamaica Land Development and 11tilization program, description as of January 1973.
---.
~rogram of Social Development and
Department of Fducational Affairs. Fural Se~tlement and Youth Traininq in Jamaica"
A Pilot Project.oasis
Pp. 98, including appendices. AID/J AM ]
1970.
[RDS/
.C,Pr,
,
95
This is a project proposal for a scheme to settle 250 families and an underutilized 2,100 acre ertate purchased by GOJ. The eval. ,tion includes useful summaries ot extension, rural education and credit institution. Appendices include crop production costs, soil maDs/evaluation, price and marketing season data for major commodities. "Land Use in the Christiana PkRY, H.L. rinpublished Geography %rea, Jamaica. Thesis, University of West Indiese Mona, 1968. Pp. 185, bibliography. (UWI/VIC/J.t]
LC
"Human Activities and Drought in P'YCE, J. Jamaica-- 1945-75." ,npublished undergraduate thesis. Dept. of Geography, University of West Indies, Mona, 1977. [GD/UWI/JA M]
LC
"Agrarian Relations in ROBOTHPM, Don. Essys on Power and In Jamaica."
LC
Change in
Jamaicr,
Carl STCNE and H.
Kingston: Aggrey BPOWN (eds.). Jamaica Publishinq House, 1977. "U.S. Embassy 15 Essays. 207. Lib/JAM 1
Pp.
Provides historical overview of land distribution. Describes land distribution by farm size 1943 and 1968-69 (including a breakdown by color) and suggests redistribution of all land over 25 acres to those rcres-average then 7 acres. under Marxist viewpoint. "Ienant Farming under State Carl. STOW, In Essas_on Poweg an Capitalism." Cac! STCNE and H. Jamaica, in Change Kingston: Aggrey BPOWN (eds.). Pp. Jamaica Publishing House, 1977. rCSJ Hc 157.J2 .8] 1c Fssays. 207. [U.s. Fmbassy Lib/JAM] Discusses Project Land Lease-reviewing first distribution to mid 1975. Then reports benefits, complaints, and characteristics of 420 farmers on 25 farms in July-August Gives 1974 (see also Stone 1974). occupation, previous on breakdown pert-ent size of land), no vercent I ( land ownership percent), 5" acres 2 than (less previous land
LCtSC
96
110 per estimated income (7U nercent less than up week), family size, education (40 percent 1/3 JAS, to 4th qrade) , 48 percent membersLip than less percent 61 less than 40 years and 84 and females Sixteen percent 50 years.males. percent Looks at growth of crops--% of
farmers grow, e.g. yams 68 percent, potatoes Com50 percent. peas and beans 42 percent. hire. percent 67 plain of shortage in cash, low averReasons given--working other plots. age of adult families, little exchange prgs. labor, poor land with long 5 percent are 1 to acres--4 Distribution of to sell 2 acres, 2-3 24 percent. Don't want to &VIC (to cover debts) as prices lower. Incomes not really measurepercent able as some with no income, but 51 perceive as better off. Dissatisfaction higher with higher education* land with 78 percent prefer lease to buying money of land lease credit. SVWAHY. K.F. "ppleton :3ugar Estate-A Geographical Aporaisal ." Unpublished undergraduate thesis. Dept. of Geography# University of West Indies, Mona, 1968. f GD/UWI/JAI
LCOC
TAYLOP, S.A.C. "An Eccount of the of Development of Water ?esoarces and the Clarendon Plairs." Social Economic Studies 4, No. 3 (August 1955).
(MOA/JA M; UWI/ISER]
Describes the area and its histnry and development of wells for irrigation from 1929. SLnple overview. ,.WKOWN -AU.Hro. "Prcject Land Lease (Letter, eport 1976/77." Annual .mimeo, loose tables) Ten pages of text, 18 tables. [,OA/JAk1 Production Unit]
This is a sumary of the project and an evaluation of recent activities. as Tables include: k status summary of ,,arch 1977, status of lcase holders of ty sex, a summary by Land Authority amount of land take from private, land bauxite commonwealth and state by loans Ilso volume of owners. parish.
tCeSt'FT
97
- --.
Project Land Lease. as of
(sic) October 20,
LC,SC
Status Summary 1977.
(Tables,
project summary, parish, crop summary). [MOA/JAf Production Urnit] The stattis summary table shows acreage leased, number of tenants placed, acreage planted, crops reaped (tons, 5), and estimates for those planted and not yet reaped. Each of these values is given ior rctober, accumulated since April 1977 and accumulation to da*e from the beginning of the program. A series of tables for each pr-ish giwes (by project area) the gross and arable area leased, the number of tenants placed, acreage rented and of the area rented the area planted and rops reaped by acreage and tons. The last table presents a crop summary. Crops are reported individually (corn, yams, etc.) and by groups (pulses, vegetables, tubecs, permanent crops). For each crop and group for October 20, 1977 crop moi:th thi acreage of crops planted that month, currently growing, crops reaped this mcnth, to date and estimated future are given. IC
Credit JamaicaandAricultural Fulton. WANT,_qa1rALEvalgatior recommendations rqanization and OPerations. or Washington, D.C.: IIS/AID, May 19FU. [.%DS/AID/JAfl] Pp. 45 and 17 appendices. Includes description of the Agricultural Credit Board and the People's co-operative Also provides evaluation and Banks. any recommendations of these agencies. are credit agricultural of shortcomings noted. "Financial Intermediaries as YANKEY, J.P. a Mecharism to Facilitate the Integration of Production and Marketing in the Agricultural Sectors of Small Island States." Proceedings..f the Twelfth West Indies Conferencej__St._Johns, _Antigua.
19--
St.
Augustine, Trinidad: rniversity of West Indies, Department of Agricultural Economics, 1977, op. 1E2-174. Discusses institutional arrangements for cLedit which integrate production and marketing. includes reference to Jamaica institutions.
LCJ
98
OIAPKE.S,
IGR ICLTU"O E: --
-
-
-
-
----
-
----
MAFlPETING ------
ADANS, Nassau A. "An Analysis of Food in Consumption and Food Import Trends Jamaica, 195n-1963." Social and Rcom_ tudies 17, No. 1 (March [POP/JAII; UWI/ISE0] 1968): 1-27. Uses 19r)-1963 data from National Rcco plus weighted price elasticities to estimate overall income and price elasticities (.4c5 for food and .67 for food Food prices rose drink and tobacco). faster than non-food and the substitution coefficient was .35. Derives import demand and estimates that the function has a higher income elasticity and price elasticity greater than 1. Derives inc)me and price elasticities for major groups (bread and cereals, meat, fish., dairy, oils and fats, fruits and vegetables, Data aglin from 1atio al root crops). Accounts and price indexes from 1958 Bousehold Survey weights. Compares results with Harris' cross-sectional estimates. Finds some differences with root crops and fruits and vegetables. Also estimates import demand elasticities by food groups atid forecasts higher imports in future. (Note that for period covered food imports remained at 20 percent of total imrorts.) ---.
"Import Structure and Economic Growth
in Jamaica, 1954-1967." Social and Economic Studies 20, No. 3 (Sep. 1971): 235-266. ([MOA/JAr,; UW./IE5?]
Looks at import stLL-ture changes over the period designated. In order to measure imports at constant prices,by develops price and quantum series commodity group. Uses this information with income elasticities of importation. Pesults suggest imports underwent limited changes. ALI
D.A. "7he Scope for the Utilisation of Industrial and Agricultural By-Products. Proceedings of the Ninth West onference Indies Agricultural Econom__ Kngston [{otel.__Ne.w Held at the Pegasus the at and 197U, JamaicaL.pril_3-6° Twickenham Jamaica chool ofAqriculture,
99 kak, ',Pril 7-10., 1974. St. Augustine, Trinidad. Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management, University of the West Indies.
Pp. 71-80.
rUWI/:SEP]
Examples of by-product utilization are found in tha sugar industry, e.g. rum. More recent examples of industrial spinoffs are the production of particle-board from bagasse, the production of wheat middlings for animal feeds from wheat milling operations, the manufacture of citrus meal from citrus juice operations and the prodqction of spent brewer's grain from the brewery industry as an input into In general, animal feed formulations. example!s of of lack a is however, there The spin-offs. seccessful commercial potential for by-product utilization is examined, first in the traditional agricultural sector and then in the new It is concluded that there is sectors. scope to develup and expand the ways in which raw materials and their by-products are uttilized in the Caribbean but that an urgent problem to be tackled is the need for much more indigenous research and development. "The Marketing Situation for ANDEP!FtI, A.M. ?ish and Fish Products in the Caribbean." Calanus 3, No. I (Feb. 1970) : 17-31. (RwL PA78A.%iC3] (MOA/JAM ] ---
9
"The Marketing Situation for Fish and
PiJ
RJC
Calanus Fish Ptoducts in the Carihbean." [MOA/JA.] 3, No. 1 (1970): 17-31. rives per cap.ta consumption estimate for 1967, and discusses supply, demand and possible marketing changes. "Report to the AMC and the _ENNETT, A.B. Jamaica. September Kingston, RDO/AID,
f
1977, 11 p.
Contains useful specific and technical recommendations concerning needs for controlled temperature storage at AMC to reduce crop loss an d deterioration. POLTlN, William E. Untitled report on agricultural export opportunities from (Typed, letter Jamaica to the U.S. forn., bound looseleaf) Alexander and
M
lop BaldwLn Lgribusiness Corporation# Jan. 12, 1970. SP.DS/AID/JAN ]
9 pp . #a 4xhibits.
A report on the feasibility of organizing production and marketing of Jamaican agricultural produce in the 7.5.
Contains an evaluation of existing
marketing channels. Deports favorably on export potential. BUCKRIPE, George.
"Pationalization as an
NeJ
Instrument for the revelopment of Caribbean Agriculture." Proceedings of 1he 8th West Indian gricultural Economics Trinif 4 jd at St .ugustine, ConfeO.j_ 1-7 April, 19 7 3 .
St. %ugustinee Trinidad:
Dept. of Pgricultural Economics. 1973. ---.
"The Future Possililities of Caribbean
Nei
Export Crops in the Metropolitan Markets." Proceedings of the 6th West Indian agriHeld at Economics cultural 28 Aarch-2 Voril, 1971. G_ ana Conference. Ger eto, St. Augustine, Trinidad: Dept. of Agricultural Economics, 1971. BUPTON, C.L. "The Emergence and Growth of the Bowden Whare, St. T homas." Unpublished undergraduate thesis. Dept. of Geography , University of West Indies, Mona, 1968. [GD/UVI/JAn]
M
CALLAM, M. "Functional Study of a Small Tovn--Brown's Town." tJnpublished undergraduate thesis. Dept. of Geography* University of West Indies, Mona, 1975.
N
[GD/UW-l/JAM]
CLARKE, E.G. ""he Role cf a Central Procurement Agency in Stabilizing the Price of Pood with Special Peference to Jamaica Nutrition Hildings." Proceedings of the Tenth West Indies Aqricultural Economics Conference Georq oun,_Guyana..19 7 5 . St. Augustine; Trinidad: Universlty of West Indies, Department of Agricultural Economics, 1975. pp. 180-185.
'4j P
Describes the activities of Jamaica 4utrition Holdings and its attempts to stabilize prices. CLARKE, S. St. A. The Comteti Position of Jamaica's Aqricultural Exports. Kingston;
e
M
101
Institute of Social and 9!conomic Studies, 19:,2. [HOI/JAM]
"Caribbean COLLIS, E.C. and CLCSE, E.C. Opportunities." Export Islands CZfer Faem Foreign qriculture 13, No. 42 (Oct. 20, 1975): 8-9,
N
16.
"Spice Oleoresins: the flarket and the Process, The Proceedings of the In Future."
CPIPPS, M.H.
Conference on Spices, .1-14th
72. London: Foreign and Commonwealth Office, 1973.
h2.i__
CUMPER, G.E.
".n
Experimental Comparison
of Scme Alternative Methods of Computing Demand Elasticities." Social and Economic Studies 15, No. 2 (June 1966) : 92-102. (MOI/JM; UW:/IsE? ]
Gives alternative estimates of income elasticities using 1958 Household survey and different (and clearly described) estimation methods. "5 tructure Functional Importance and Field of Influence of Black Piver
DIXO!Z, J.
and Santa Cruz--St.
Elizabeth."
Unpub-
lished undergraduate thesis. Dent. of Geography, University of West Indies, P.on&, 1975. [GD/OWI/JA;i ] DUPANT-GOPZALFZ, Victoria. "Dole and Status of rural Jairaican Women: Higglering and mothering." Tnpublished Ph.D. dissertation, university 3f california, Berkeley, 1976. Examines the participation of women in social organization in a Jamaican rural area, including a description cf recruitment into higglering. Status of higglering is high in local community, low in national. "he .arketinq ofDomestic Food ZINNE., W.G. Food and Agriculture 21oRs o2f Jamaica,
Organization, 1961.
N
[?DS/ ID/J$M]
ErPIFEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNIY.
ommunities 8, the European 2
gulletin 2f No. 1 (1975):
pp. 6-10. The Lome Convention concluded on 28 February 1975 betveen the European
M
1'2 Community and 46 African. Caribbean and
Pacific (ACP) main areas
countries focuses on four
(1)
trade co-operation;
(2)
stabilization of export earnings (including sugar) ; (3) industrial co-operation; and (4) financial and In respect of technical. co-operation. agricultural products exported by the IC? which come under CAP, the Community offers similar advantages vith most
products enjoying free access and the rest covered by a preferentia'. scheme. A major feature of the trade co-operation agreement is that the EEC relinquis.tes a reciprocal requirement in trade concessions, though the 4CP states
must guarantee the EEC treatment as good
as the most favoured nation in their
trading and must not discriminate between
member states. -eville. The Production and ParketFXPQUHASON, ig.pf _jams From .lsides and t he. hristiena de
.,C
Instituto Internactional hrea of Jamaica, pp. Ciencias Pgricolas, Kingston# 1978, 96 An intensive study of all aspects of producing and marketing a major crop from a specialty production area. Provides figures and insights relevant to marketing problems in general.
aM_aja, FOOD ,'D ,PICULTFoE ?G.NIZ.JTOF. Marketing and F__-4 Cro2sPeVelopment ESP: SF/J.. 6 Feasibility Survey. Terminal report, Pome, September 1970. 50 pp. + 3 appendices, bibliography. t 9DS/AID/JNfl
Contains brief discussions of each commodity group, the sector demands for agricultural commoditips, nutrition and Further the internal marketing system. in North potential description of market of functioning Atlantic markets and the provided. is the food processing industry FOOD AND PGRICUL'"UE ---GAYIZATION/i"1E" BANK COOPEPATIVE N DEVEtnPME:NT 9.1E0IC. Jamakica Agricultural PRnGP AM"E. Mmrk etinq. ?eort 4/76 Jamaica-2, June (Circulation 1976, Washington, D.C. appendices bibliog. pp., 62 restricted), A-G.
(FDS/AID/J-M
1
The most important current source on
N
Jamaican marketing.
Presents a compre-
hensive plan for consolidating and
reorganizing the ..M.C., changing its role to complement the efforts of the traditional sector. This paper was done partially as background to the 1D8 investments in 33 Cornwall parish markets. FOOD AND AGPICULTUE OPGANIZATIOR/l'.N. DEVELOPMENT PPOJ'rT. Food Crop Development and larketing Survey, Jamaica; Agronomic Consideration. Technical .eport 1, Ev: S?/JAM6, Rome, 1971. CUNDP/JAM]
!leTrC
Looks at soil and climatic limitations for crops, and then evaluates crops: sugar, cocoa, coconut, pimento, ginger, maize, sorghum, rice, roots, pulses, fruits, vegetables, tobacco p3sture and livestock. Information provided on cultural practices. fertilization, yield, site needs, research, etc. Very good introduction to agronomic feasibility and research needs. --
-.
Food Crops-Development and
2,1rketinci reasibility !jtud_, J7amaicas Food ProJamaica: cessing Indusjry,___Serie.3 of conomic Analysts. EF-: SF/JAM6 Tech. Feport 2. [INDF/3AM] Covers domestic raw Droduce uses in local canning by product and structure of industry. Also looks at markets and potential for citrus, cocoa and coffee, as well as oilseeds, cereals, meat tnd dairy. Includes discussion of refrigerated storage.
GIRtIPG, Dobert K. "Education, Technology and Development/Onderdevelopment: A Case Study of %gro-Industry in Jamaica." Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford University, 197U. Focus of empirical sections is on survey of 26 firms in the Jamaican food processing industry. Each was questioned in regard to policy affecting choice of technology as well as general nature of
N, -
104 their operations.
Pesults are
analysed in terms of production, employment, research training, technological choice and contribut.ion to national development. tocally-owned firms showed different results than multi-national firms. For example they were more likely to be involved in research and development of indigenous resources, to reinvest their earnings and to obtain a larger
proportion of their raw materials from local sources.
---.
"Technology and Dependent Development in Jamaica: A Case Study." Social and Economic Studies 26, No. 2 (June 1977): 169-189.
,P
Looks at employment performance (using census and labor force statistics) of the food processing industry, local research work, earnings re-invested and capacity utilization by ownership. Concludes that trend is towards more mechanization, critiques present policies and v'-asents a radical alternative. ,The Lome Convention: GRUHN, I.V. Interdependence." towards Inching 30, No. 2 Organizatio, Xnternational (1976): 2L1-262. The tride agreement between EEC and forty dd .%fr..can, Caribbean and Pacifin ,tates in 197r is discussed. Innovative techniques such as STABEX, sugar indexing and rural development are analyzed, Pilot Study AccountingParameters: onal TheirEstimation and Use n Chile, Costa Tica and Jame .ca. VoL. 2, Country -and Prolec Case Studies. Project Methodology unit, Country Studies Division, Economic and Social Development Department, InterAmerican Development Bank, Draft 6. Oct. 077, Washington, D.C. (?DS/AID/J&H]
GUEPEOO, Pablo, et al.
Derives a .3eries of measures for efficienc, dccounting ratios and social accounting prices for inputs, -xpcrts and domestic production.
NeJ
1OF "Jamaica Meat Processing Plant," pp.
249-284.
Analysis of a proposed
up-to-date slaughter house for Kingston Analysed at efficiency prices. area. market prices and social prices. HAMILTON, J. Marketinnq_ Su!rvey.eport. Jamaica, Uinistry of Finance and Planning, Town Planring Department, (Mimeo) (RDS/%ID/JAM] Kingston, 1970.
H
H4PPIS, Donald J. "Econometric knalysis of Household Con umptior. in Jamaica." S 2cial and Economic Studies 13, No. L [MOA/JAM; UWI/ISL9] (Dec. 196) : L171-U87.
fis
Estimates income elasticities of demand for major food groups from 1958 Household Survey for urban, rural, and main town group> H)WTHOPNE, P. "The Hierarchy of Small 'owns in Westmoreland." Unpublished undergraduate thesis. Dept. of Geography, University of West Indies, Mona, 1974. r GD/UWI/J M] HUBBARD, Paymond. Influencing the of the Jamaican Studies 12, No.
"A Note of Factors Present Distribution Road Network." Carihbean 4 (January 1973): 36-55.
Uses 1960 Population census, data and road mileage for multiple regression in which road mileage is determined by population distribution and areal extent of reporting units. Found that only areal extent was significant. Looks at forecast and actual values of road mileage (plus and minus) and suggests more actual roads than predicted reflects geographical distribution of sugar and fruits. Less than predicted depends on adverse terrain. Uses a basic gravity model to predict future road improvements. Priority determined was Kingston to Spanish town and extensions Old Harbour, May Pen, linstead. ---
,
"landslides on kn Appraisal of
and FrMCN, John.
Jamaicar 'oads. Causes."
GeoqEaphical
Survey 1, No.
3 (July 1972) : 16-30. Authors suggest slides are result of poor road route selection, poor road
H
HP
1 OF construction, and slopp gradient cuts. Slides costly te farmers who cannot transport perishable crops to market.
.anana Roard.
J9flRIC. 'eport.
.104.
_Pnnual
Kingston.
Gives export amounti, and a few items on finance, changes in price etc. .4
Holdings. JamaicaletNutrition Fingston. in.
---.
Ggan-Bl
[ op/JA
J]
Has mostly world data but also a page or so of information nn
Jamaica nt inventnries, etc.* collected from manufacturers, especially on wheat and feed grains. -....
parlEtion of Parish Mar
e
o--
Vt
o-
-
Beport FAQ/IDB cooperative programme, Final (1977) D.C., No. U/77 Jamaica 4. Washington* 69 pp. and annex. marketing Contains a review of agricultural distribution the of policy and description with the system. The major content deals and a markets program to design new parish system the of consideration of the functioning parish i6 replace of markets. The project will new markets and construct one completely
providing the market. A major change includes for wholeMC space in the parish markets facilities saling activities and developing Ircludes list
for small processing equipment. in agricultural of 14 Public agencies involved waste in mar-
marketing and estimates of food and most up keting. -his is one of he best to date sources available.
---.
r.inistry of kgriculture.
Survey
(fnublished) 2_LiS. er s . [)D/A D/J M I
Survey done for Inter-American
Development Bank by Dr. Pitchell, Tabular sociologist with MOA. considerwith analysis available
able detail on where higglers
originate, their sc-cio-economic
characteristics, products tradeby market, functions of the marKet. is 4eo information nn how produce
nPr
107 moved from farm to market. --.
Ministry of Industry and Tourism. of the Food Processing . DeveloDment !_Pelimina Industry in JAM~Aica. 38 pp. nay 1972. (Mimeo) Appraisal. DS/;ID/JPM] [ ix. and appen
Details the situation and problems of food processing, e.g. unreliable supply, inadequate capital. Deals with industry sectors by commodity group. Appendix has a list of all food processors and crops handled by each. and Pecommendatipne. JENNE?, G.K. Comments SCo[cenja~q Wholesale Terminal rarket Buildings In the_Aaricultural Marketing Corporation of the M inistrLyofAari3^ pp. Sept. 1965. culture and Lands. [AID/LA/WPSH JM 380.1ul J5U] Includes much technical information and recommendations but also has general insight into technical marketing problems. JOHNSON, I.E. "Some Aspects of the Food Pi.oProceedinqs of cessing Industry in Jamaica" Economics the Sixth West Indian ;4ricult'ura St. 97. _Guyana Conf erence _ _ L Geoh.ugustine, Trinidad; ,University of West Indies, Department of Agriculturdl Economics, 1971. ....
o of !arketino COLEY, B.G. .an3 A__qEicultural Commodities Produced in Jamaica. for Domestic Consumti. Division of Economics and Statistics, 4inistry of Agriculture and Lands, Kingston, March 1q6.
---.
"idarketing of Agricultural Commodities Produced for Domestic Consumption in Proceedir.0of the First West Jamaica." Economics Conferer.ce, Agricultural Idian Indies,3t. West the University March 28-Apri__2, 1justi~ne,._Trinidad, St. Augustine, Trinidad, Dept. of 196A. pa. 274Agricultural Economics, 1966. 3olI. Most domestic food plus a substantial proportion of export commodities are produced by small farmers on low quality soils in hill slope lands. Estimates are the 70 to 75 oercent of all food produced internally. 4ajor weaknesses
i
10
of the higg-er system are identified: 1. 7!,e small quantities increase costs- of marketing, 2. in times of surplus large quantities are unmarketed, 3. poor transport methods result in spoilage and damage, * 4. traveling costs for groups of higglers are higher than for bulk handling.
5. Higglers do not package. Provides a consideration of estaelishment, functions and problems of the A.M.C. JOHNSON, Paul ?.; SCHOENHEPR, William H.;
and WILBUP, Donald A. Jr.
R
Sem nr in
oodSt2 0ge and Hadling Practices, incston, !Jamaica. June 19-21. 1973.
(Mimeo)
15 pp. and 2 appendices.
[ RDS/AID/JAM ] Rajor concern is storage and bandling of U.S. grain exports after arrival in Jamaica to avoid contamination losses. Contains an inspection checklist (exhibit C-2) which would be useful for any storage facility and procedure that might be part of a domestic food marketing program. JONESs A. '"he Market for Manao_.Ko.Lcts with .articular Peterence to the United Kingdom. London: Tropical Products Institute, No. G74, 1973. 51 pp. and v.
R
The mango is a7ailable in more processed
forms than any other minor tropical fruit. Products derived from it include mango
slices in brine, canned mangoes in syrup, mango juice, pulp, nectar, flour, jam,
dried slices and an assortment of various mango based pickles, chutneys and sauces. India is by fac the world's most important producer and exporter of mango products, followed by Jamaica and South rfrica. "either total world production nor trade figures are available for any of the products considere4 in this report due to the dearth of related national .tatistics. KTZZN, Margaret Fisher. "The Business of 1social and Higglering in Jamaica." Economic Stuiies :X, (1eptember 1960) : mO/JAM; UWv/ISE?1 297-331.
N
109
"Most country higglers take their loads to markets at some distance from their homes because they cou.d be undersold in the local market by country people
selling their own crops." This article otfers a classification system of types of traders and describes how the system functions. ---.
"The Jamaicar Country Higgler."
Social and Economic Studies 8 Ro. (Dec. 1999): 421-440. [MOA/JAM; t1I/IS!P ] Micro-level case study--one
. eek in
i 4
the
life of a farm family, including higgling. The higgler-farmwife bought from farms on two days, each requiring a full day's walk over rough trails carry the accumulated load. Most in this district use a mule to collect produce and carry it to a motorable road where a truck picks them up. Normal market days are Thursday, Price information Friday, and Saturday. is carried daily by returning higglers and truckers back to rural areas. In the market, thievery is a major problem. KUFISH, Francis A. ,"Assessment of Agricultural Marketing in Jamaica with Special Reference to Small Farmers in Portland (Unpublished 1978 83 pp. Parish." AgriUSDA/,SAID the of internal report Team.) Assessment cultural Sector Provides an insightful discussion of market structure and list of marketing constraints. Favors a declining role for AMC and predicts dominance of ,superhigglers'. LOCHEP, Uli. The Marketinoq_of Aqricultur4l froduce in Jama.a_a. Instituto Interamericano de Ciencias Agricolas (IICA), Kingston, Jamaica, 1977, 78 pp. ?.DS/AID/JAM ) An ercellent overview of marketing and insightful field work by sociologist Locher in the Kingston markets. Details the functioning and problems of the city distribution part of the marketing system. Major recommendation is to support the higgler marketer and to co-ordinate government services (transport, credit, physical market
.H
110
facilities) to improve traditional system. LjgffDEi,
F.
OThe Agricultural Marketing
M
Its location and
Corporation:
Unpublished Distribution Networks." if Dept. undergraduate thesis. Indies, West of Geography, University
Mona,
[UWI/WIC]
1970.
tUNDGFEN, J.O. "Agricultural Marketing and Distribution Arrangements with Pespect to the Resort Hctel in the Caribbean." E_ _ Agriculceedings of the Sixth West IndiAn GeqrgetowML
.
tural Economics Conference,
Guyana. lO . St. Augustine, Trinid&d: University of West Indies, Department of Agricultural Economics, 1971. pp. 158-175. looks at the supply sources of a sample of hotels on North Coast of Jamaica. Data in article relate to one hotel. McDONPLD, Vincent. "Innovation: The Basis for a Program of Pationalization of Caribbean Agriculture (with Special Reference to the Liv-.;ock Sector) ." Agri Proceedings of the 8th West!ndian at Held Conftr1.ence, Cultural Economics rindad1-7 April, 1973.
St
"0C1J
uqstie,
St. Augustine* Trinidad: Dept. of Agricultural Economics, 1973. "Tinear Development in a RcFAPLAE, J. Rural Area--Savannd-la-mar to Petersfiel4 Unpublished undergraduate Vestmoreland." Dept. of Geograpay, University thesis. [GD/UWI/JAM] of West Indies, nona, 1975.
M
Pc.ITOSH, Curtis E. "Food Marketing in the Commonwealth Caribbean." fAG Bulletin L, hjo. U (Dec 1975): pp. 22-25.
Nei
---.
"Marketing Constraints to Agricultural
cationalisation in the Caribbean." Cajanus 8, No. 4 (1975): 237-244. [Mr'A/JM] This paper attempts to
(a)
identify
constraints originating in the marketing of agricultural products, which militate
against the achieve-
ments if a rationalized aqricultural sector in the Caribbean krea, and (b) offer some suggestions for removing these constraints.
N,J
111
and LIN CHOY, M. :he Performance oNei Selected larketing _encies in the Caribbean. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Occasional Series No. 11 Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management. University of West Indies, 1975. An evaluation of marketing agencies in Barbados, Jamaica, St. Vincent, and Trinidad and Tobago. Compares economic environment and provides a short evaluation of procurement policies, distribution practices, and performance criteria. Concludes that performance is poor generally. Useful for comparitive purposes. NkGNUS, V. "Spatial Patterns of Food Purchasing by North Coast Hotels." Unpublished undergraduate thesis. Dept. of iqlJgrephy, University of Vost Indies, (GD/UWI/JAM] Mcna, 1971. "The Marketing and Demand IAYEPS, J.?. for neat in the Commonwealth Caribbean." In Proceedings of the 7th West Indian Conference, Aqricultural Economics i 2, rSMarc h 2 1971. ct. hugustine, Trinidad: University of West Indies, Dept. of Agricultural Economics, 1971. CMOP/JAM I 14*his paper examines the consumption of meats, discusses current marketing structures and suggests a likely demand pattern over the next decade. Gives comparative estimates of per capita consumption of meats by type for 115E and 1957 by country. Suggests with rising income 61 lbs per head will be demand by 1980 with beef expected the major item, followed by pork, and meat preparations. Demand is expected to be more elastic in the long-run than the short-run. Goat meat is not analysed. MINTZ, Sidney W. Caribbean__Transformation. 355 pp. Chicago: Aldine Press, 197-. xii, bibliography. [UWI/WC] Includes a chapter on the historic development or marketing in Jamaica. Discusses basis of role of women in
i
112 marketing. material. ---.
fas very little post 19('0
"The Jamaican Internal Marketing e s , Pattern." Social and -conomic Stu4No. 1 (Parch 1955): 95-103. (MOA/JAM; UWI/IsZF I Generally attributes Jamaica marketing pattern to African origins, noting the prevalence of women as marketing agents in both areas. Barter is reported rare, all transactions use money. An imDortant characteristic of the higgler system is that the trader always accompanies his goods. A characteristic feature is the handling of a variety of goods to spread risk and dealing in small quantities.
---.
"The Role of the Middleman in
ft
the Internal Distribution System of a Caribbean Peasant Economy. Human £!Anization XV, No. 2 (Summer 1956): 18-23. E.qROV, Felicia. ,oj.S.P2duce Market. (Mimeo) April 1978, USDA Working Document# ('FDS/AIED/JAMI 6 pp. 'his report reviews the U.S. as market potential for Jamaican exports of iresh produce. Also problems oi market information, transportation and brokerage are
discussed. Fir .ly soecific commodity situations are Leviewed: garlic, tomatoes, cucumbers, melons, okra, broccoli and peanuts.
NOBLE, M. "Food Canning in Kingston." Unpublished undergraduate thesis. Dept. of Geography* University of West Indies, Mona, 1974. CGD/UWI/JAK I SO.TCW, A. and SYMAI-KI, F.
"The Internal
Marketing Systems of Jamaica." Geoqrhview 65, No. U (1975): 461-47r. ical Igricultural. marketing an3 marketing
reform ir' .:amaica is discussed, drawing on general comparisons with other parts of the region. Traditional, periodic markets are first described and integration of the entire system is suggested. The work of the AGricultural Marketing Corporation (AMC) is examined.
R
N
113
WOPVELL,
gay.
Douglass G. and .THOMPSON, Marian
vEigglering in Jamaica,
Mystique of ?ure Competition." Studies. and Economi.
of
and the =oct
A not too convincing attempt to show that Katzin was incorrect in assuming
that many sellers in the Jamaica traditional market fulfilled classic requirements for perfect competition.
OPGANIZATI"N OF XMFRICA'I STATES. InterAmerican Institute of Agricultural Hem ishperic _. rjcgjj9a_ Sciences. 15 pp. Marketir Program.. 1974.
nrJ
IICA headquarters are in San Jose, Since 1972 there has been Costa Rica. a permanent program on Agricultural Marketing--with services relating to training, research and program service. "Spatial Organisation and PETEEKIN, 0. Operation of the Small Town Market and Supply Area--Falmouth." Unpublished undergraduate thesis. Dept. of Geography, University of West Indies, Mona, 1975. [GD/UWI/JAM I P.ITCHAPD, Norris T.; HUTH, W.P.; and for U.S. Prospects HAVkS, Nick. Export toJamaica. L_.giggul~tral Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 29, 1.p., 1969. PANKINE,, lloyd
..
Extra and IntJa-Jaribbefn
fK
MCtJ
No. 9. Trade in Fort Cr2os. Occasional Series Agriof Department St. Augustine, Trinidad: cultural Economics and Farm Management, University of West Indies,
1973.
Examines market institutions and marketing processes in 4 countries, including Jamaica. The crops studied in Jamaica are yams, sweet potatoes, dasheen, and Irish potatoes. For root crops as a whole, the export trend in the region was slightly downward, e3pecially for intra-Caribbean trade. Some Features of the Market for Root Crops Produced in the Commonwealth Caribbean. Proceedlnqg 2f the 10th Annual Meeting_2f_he 1972:103-112. Caribbean Food Crops Societ, "Illegal EntrepeneurPnGEPS, Claudia. ship and Social Networks in Pural
MCJ
114 Jamaica." Unpublished Ph.D. aisserta.tion. Columbia University, 1976. Providos a case study of one village
and one town in Jamaica.
Covers use
of cannabis and case studies of two
major dealers in the study sites.
SAMMY, G.M. "The Scope for the Developproceedings Food Processing." ment West Indie.1 AricultyS11 of -theof Ninth the Economics Conference. feld-at Jamaica, Einfton. _ew. Zeq-sI__oL__ April 3-6. 1974 and at-the Jamaica kenbam ..-. .i. School of Agriculture. Augustine, st. 1974. LEIil 7-10,
kar.k
"rinidad, Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management, University of the West Indies, 1974. Pp. 61-70. [UWI/ISER ] Zuggests the lack of processing tech-
nology is due to the colonial past as producers of raw materials and consumers of processed goods. Indicates scope for food proces3ing development, the main objective being a high degree of selfsufficiency in food production, linked with social improvement for the lower income section of society. "Feasibility of a Caribbean SAPFATY, David. Export Program for Fresh Market Vegetables: Aspects of Demand and Supply Potential." USDk/IDS/TL/SAIG Working Document. March 1978. Approx. 80 pp., tables, appendices* f9DS/PID/JAM bibliog.
M
Includes an analysis for 6 crops of the supply and demand situation in Jamaica and Considerations of seasonality, the U.S. transport costs, regional competition and regulatory constraints are considered. SAWYE?, W. "A Study of the Constant Spring Unpublished undergraduate Market." thesis, Dept. of Geography, University of West Indies, Mona, Jamaica, !968.
N
SHItLINGFCPD, J.D. and H.W. BLADES "Prospective Caribbean," Demand for Food in the Commonealth AariculIndian West Proceeding of the Tenth
MJ
town Gua.a tural ?conomicsconrference._Geor of University St. Augustine, Trinidad: 1975.
West Indies, Department of Pgricultural Economics, 1975-, pp. 40-53.
115
Develops estimates of demand for each country
from population projections, income projections, and income elasticities. Includes base level per capita consumption and nutrition estimates. SINCLAIP, M. "'"he Cocoa Industry and Chocolate Manufacturing in Highgate." Unpublished undergraduate thesis. Dept. of Geography, University of West Indies, [GD/UW-/JAti] Nona, 197c.
Hoc
H. Ili.ler Survey, Agr-. Ministry of Agriculture Unit, cultural Planning nay 1977, Kingston, 1". pp. and 47 appendices.
$MIKLE, :. and TAYCFC,
An analysis of a large field survey of higglers in all parts of the Island. :ncludes a careful description of the marketing system and a great deal of data on many aspects of higgerling. Does not consider higgler transport problems or information systems. Includes an analysis of the economics of the higgler operation. This survey provides an extremely valuable body of data. Some of the analysis and conclusions drawn from it are auestionable and should not be used by readers unable to make their own inferences from tho data provided. Many serious errors of interpretation are evident. SMITH, D.E. and GPPVIS, C.N. Ministry of .Marketing and Commerce. kqricultural _qanizat ion and Earti n_ _-o rR2o r aLio... Management Functions. Management Services Division, Ministry of the 113 pp. Public Service. May 1976. rFDS/AID/JhM] A-P. appendices This is a critical evaluation of the A.M.C. with detailed recommendation
for changes in plant, operation ani porsonnel. It also clearly spells out the structure, functions and objectives of each part of the organ izat ion. --- ; WALWYN, E.; and TPAC.f, J.
Ministry of Industry and Commerce. 3Aricultural Market ing__orporat ion: Basic Shops and Mobiles Department .eview of Orqanization..._Systems and (Confidential) ManageProcedures. ment Services Division, Ministry of Public Service, November 1977. 100 pp., appendices -?* (.DS/%ID m.
I
M
116
Detail of organizational structure, facilities, operational costs and problems.
Gives recommendations.
"Spatial structure of SuTrHEPLAND, C. Unpublished St. Ann." Town, grown's of Dept. the-is. undergraduate Indies, West of Geography, University Mona, 1974. CGD/UWI/JAF4 "God, Food, and SYRANSKI, Pichard. Periodic Market Systems." Proceedinqs, asociation of Ame ican Geoqraphers, Vol. Re 1973. Pp. 262-266.
K
Jamaica, in contrast to Colombia, has almost no Sunday markets and few midweek market days. Most periodic markets In occur on Friday and/or Saturday. and Friday markets, larger, ccntinuous volumes greater much Saturday experience of trade. TRYLCF, Leroy. "A Study of Consumer's Expenditures in Jamaica, 1832 to unpublished Ph.D. the Present Day." dissertation, University of London, 1963. -
Consumer's Exp2nditures in Jamaica.
K
Nei
iingston: Institute of Focial and rconomic Fesearch, 19A4. [MO/JAN]
"The Pole of -HOM'-,S, F.D. (Editor). Marketing in Caribbean Agricultural Development." Proceedingqsof the Sixth West IndianAricultural Economics Conference Held at Georqetowr, Guyana, l~arch 28-!vri_2._1971. St. augustine, Trinidad: University of the Rest Indies, Department of Agtlcultural Economics and Farm Management, 1971.
Pp. 220 + x.
Several papers on Guyana were followed by contributions on individual islands# and on such aspects of marketing as: the marketing and demand for meat in the Caribbean; the Jamaica dairy industry; transport; tourism and hotels; export crops; food processing. The workshop reports, linked with the main theme of the Conference, discussed: (1) agricultural co-operative marketing arrangements; (2) (a) the role of Marketing Boards; (b) extra-regional
1,-*
marketing arrangements;
(3) priorities
for marketing research. THOMPSON, A.K. "Marketing and Handling Practices in the "ropics. 5. West Indies: Handling of Some Tropical In Postharvest Physioloqy, Crops." Handlinq and Utility of Tropical anj Subtropigal Fruits and_'_teqetables,
E. B. Pantastico, ed., 1975. 542-545.
Pp.
TUTTLEe Winn; and SEEDCOG, Fdward F. "The Caribbean: h Promising Market for U.S. Wheat Exports." Fore in Agiculture 9, No. 4 (Jan. 25, 1971): 6-7.
B
UNITED STATES. Dept. of Agriculture. P*ospects Economic Pesearch Service. f2L.U.S.. 1ricultural Exports to USDA Foreign Agr. Econ. Jamca.
P
Fep. --. -.
1969): 30pp.
(Dec.
56.
Foreign %gricultural Service.
"Demand for U.S. Wheat Expanding in ForeiSn_gicultue, Caribbean Rrea." U.S. Foreign Agric. Serv. 13, No. 10 (Dec. 15, 1975) : 16 pp. --
---.
---.
".S.
Food Products Find
.
Wide ;cceptince in Three Caribbean Markets." ForeirAg.riculture 11, No. 9 (Feb. 26, 1973): 9-10, 16. "T he kmericar Spice Market, WINDS, S.P. the 1972." Tn Proceedinqs on SDices ',!:- of I-1thApril, C=ference Lordon: 1972. wealth Office,
MC
Foreign and Common1973.
"The .gricultural WHITELrCKF, M.8. Marketing Corporation in Jamaica-& Geographical Appraisal." gnpublished undergraduate thesis. Dept. of Geography, University of West indies, Kona, 1970. [ GD/UWI/JA..M
"The Marketing Costs of Fresh WILSON, W.L. Fruits, Vegetables and Tubers"; The Productivity Centre, Jamaica Industrial Development Corporation, Kingston. June, 1971. 21pq. and 4 appendices. [PDS/AID/JAM] Based on an islandwide sample survey of marketing outlets to investigate marketing mar-
M
11
Major finding demongins and cost services. lover marstrates the better farm prices and ,superhigglers' keting costs of small group off '-vcellent An higglers. over AC and small course. Marketinq, Agricultural al. J973--PeRort ofth A., et WOODsStor StudL_ S
i.es to
1973.
a1 pp.
qricuture.
Mimeo,
([DS/A1D/J%1J
obscure. The origins of this report are team, but it was conducted by a six-man
were who they represent and to whom they the is This reporting is not specified. of available comoilation most complete of the organization, role and functions the various commodity boards. Addi- of tionally, there is a good discussion the problems of the parish council and markets; their history, organization of function. An insightful discussion an and the Higgler System is provided problems. specific identification of 11 Art evaluation of the XMC is provided, reported including specific problem areas in a survey of users.
119 AGICnLTUF E:
K'HRV0'0GY, ':TECHNIZQUES, - PESEAPCH - -
--- -------
-- -----
,a-
A.IAD, ?.; DPVIS, C.E.; and JONES, P.L.
T
"Ammoniu. Fixation and Its Effect on isineralogical Properties of West Indian Soil clays." Tro icl Agriculture (St. Pugustine) 49, No. 4 (Oct 1972): 347-353.
AIC'N JAMAICA LTD. Agricultural Division Report-for 1973. P.O. Box q2, M.andeville, 1975. Jamaica, 197,
T,L:
'"his report on Alcar Jamaica's farming operations, which cover approx. 16,000 acres, includes a section on milk production from the 2 dairies (pp. 2j40) - lactation performance data of the 225 cows are tabulated by breed (including Jamaica Hope, HolsteinPiresian and crossbreds) for 1972 and 1973, and a cost analysis is given. ATY
?. M.
"Caribbean Sugar Factory
Size and Survival."
0 C
'nnals of
the.Association of American 197 6 ): Geoqrarhers 660 No. I (Mar 76-88. L.S. 9APKFP, G.; WHAB, A.; and BELL,
Agricultural Pesearch in Jamaica. Instituto Interamericano de Ciencias Agricolas (1UCA), Kinjston, November 1977, U8 pp. + 10 appendices. & comprehensive survey of MnA agricultural research policy, programs and facilities.
9EEN, B.O.; THOMPSON, A.K.; dnd PEPKINS, Z. Effects of Curing on Storage of Yams. Proceedin_, of the Twelfth Annual Meetkn._2f 1974: ,the Caribbean Food Crops Society., Pp. 38-42 [O./J M ].
7,C
BENVETT, F.D. "Biological Control of Insect Pests of Horticultural Crops." In C. V. D. BRAITHWATTE, P. H. PHELPS and F. D. FENETT (Editors), glop Protectlon .in-he Caribbean. Curepe, Trinidad: Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, 1974. Pp. 213227.
T,JC
1 2O
In this paper the history and aims oV biological control of insect pests of crops are reviewed, with many
examples of successful and unsuccessful introductions of natural enemies of a pest species. Sections are included on the changing concepts of insect control; early examples of biological control in the Commonwealth caribbean; outstanding examples of biological control of pests of horticultural crops in the West Indies; difficult problems; and the economics of biological control. ---.
"come Fecent Successes in the Field
of Eiological Control in the West Indies. Insect Pests* Weeds." Pevista Peruana de fatomolodia 14, o. 2 (DeC 1971): 369.373. UPEA.G, G..R.; COVAPD, L.D.G.; et al. "Artificial Drying of Jamaican Pimento." of the Conference on In PEoceedinas 4 April , 1972. London, Spices 10Foreign and Commonwealth office, 1973. PlantPestsof Importance BROWN, A.L. to the Caribbean: Section I. Major Insects and Diseases Present in the Section II. Dlaerous e.zion. Diseases 4ot Reported cr and Insects of imited Distribution in the neQion. Fort of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago: Fie, office for the Caribbean Region, 1972.
iv + 52. i + 29 pp.
The first section of this work contains a list, by crop, of major insects and diseases Fresent in the Caribbean region. In the second section, injurious insects and diseases that do not occur or are of limited distribution in the region are listed, also by crop. Tropical CAFPBELL, Lewis G. "Mechanising Foot Croo Production." Spin 17, 4o. 3 (1974): 118-120. The development of mechanized systems
of production for edible tropical starchy root crops su:h as yams, sweet potatoes, eddoe: tania, and cassava are discussed with particular reference to land preparation, planting, weed and pest control, secondary tillage, foliage
*
121
support, soil fertility and harvesting. ---.
"Production Methods in West Indian CavLean Q2arter1z 8, Agriculture." No.
2
S
(1942): 94-10 u .
An example of an article written on assumption that mechanization will reduce agricultural costs for export crops. Author states that the dangers of unemployment are non-existent, which seems unlikely. CARIDBAN AGPICULTUAL .ESEAFCH AN- DEVELOPMENT !NSTITUE Research Re _r 1974/75 and 1979/76.
ToR
Reviews research work on tood legumes and cereals, root crops, vegetables, soils animal production etc. esear c_epor 1976/77 CA.PIPBEAN ECONOMIC CO11.UT!:ITY MISSI01f." he Agricultural Research in .arjb bea n Commn ity _.eiorno_-N Report with Special eference to 1he Role of the Regionj4 Fesearch (PRC) 1972(?) Unoublished, Centre. mimeo. (Pestr icted) r PDS/kID/JP, M -
PLANT ofPFOTECTI19 fAUIPLEAN to the CaribIMportainceCOM.4IFSION. plant Pests bean. Port of ._pai, Trinidad: FAO, 1972. 29 pp. The major insects and diseases of the plantation and vegetable crops grown in the region are listed according to crop and distribution. ZH:NLOY, I. and HCGG, P.M. "':otation of Pangola Grass and Sugarcane on a International Jamaican Sugar Estate." Society-of Sugar Cane Technolog¥ Proceedings of 2th ongress, (1969) pp. 636-42. "A 'eview of Work on OR.N FCRTH, I.S. Nitrogen in Rest Indian Soils." rpjica1_ASriculture (Guilford) 51, No. 2 (April 1974) : TU5-153. CPEEK, M.J. A Study of the Effects of Some Pusbandry-Eractices on the Productivity of Beef Cattle.and
pro8
2Land GrazedbY Beef Cattli Jhml.ca. london, 1967. 213 pp. illus. "Intensification of Pasture p.oduction with Be~f Breeding Herds maintained uponin Imp-oved Pasture (Digitaria Decumbens) Ir. Froceedinq, of 11th rnterJamaica." national Galand Congress, 1970. Pp. 800-803.
eo*
CPILL, P.; PHELPS* P.H.; et al. "Host ,esistance and Disease Control in Tomato." In Proceedings of a Symposium on the Protection of Horticultural -Crps.in of the CaribbeAn Held at the University the West Indies. St. ugusinte_ rindd, 8-11 April, 197. A review of tomato production in the of Caribbean which includes discussion disease problems. Tables indicate the wide variety of diseases encountered. DVIS, Carlton G. "Pgriultural Research and Agricultural Development in Small Plantation Economies: The Case of the Social and Economic West Indies." Studies 24&, No. 1 (March 1975): pp. 117-152. [=DS/ATID/JAM] [EDS/)ID/JH] Contains useful comments on benefits and costs (private and social) of research for various types of research. Summarizes various agricultural research issues in Jamaica and reviews some response functions. Shows low levels of response to fertilizer for traditional and unadapted new varieties. hlso response varies widely by soil type and from year to year. DE GUZMPN, Jr., M.?. and ALLn, A.U. Palms. Pasture Production under Coconut Peport trom the Food and Fertilizer Technology Center, -aivei, October Bibliography. 85 pp. 197'. (QDS/P-D/J.% ] Contains a discussion of ecological conditions, suitable species, land preparation, fertilization, pasture management and the economics of the system. DECON, H.F.E.
"Experiences in the
123 Use and Developmen t
of Plantation
Scale Fully Mechanized Harvesting in International Socigt the Caribbean." of Sugar-Cane Technolo Is Proceedings of 13th Congress (1969) : Ii96-1c12. Coconut Oil DEVENDRA, C. "Caribbean: of AgriJouM.nl Pigs." for 4eal and Tobago Trinidad of cultural Society 485-489. 71v go. L (Dec 1071):
7,J
"The Mineral Content of Caribbean Feedingstuffs." 7o.2ica_Lqgriculture (Guilford) 5(4, No. 1 (Jan 1977): 29-38.
T,C
---
EDG0?, A.J. "Citrus Fruit-Piercing Moths of the Gerus Gonodonta Hubner (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) in Jamaica." Master's Thesis, ,niversity of the West Indies, 19EU.
**C
"An Economic View of vDUAPDS, D.'. )gricultural Research in Jamaica." So jal and Economic Stuaiqs 10, No. 3 (Fertember 1961): 306-339.
TO
Provides a history of agricultural research in Jamaica and an evaluation of the adequacy of the effort. Some gaps in the research are noted, e.g. ackee, fertilizer response. Edwards suggests that the commodity boards should untake most of the research required, the Agriculture Ministry lacking the funds and manpower. Jamaica in 1961 was soending more for agricultural research in relation to its output than was the U.S. or Britain, but spending should perhaps have been No actual economic even greater. analysis is presented. FE.GUSOI, Theodore V. "The Development Potential TC,J for poot crops in the Caribbean Pegion". _Pco ceedings of theTenth West Indies A.ricultura_ l 1eolqetow_!nulan-975. Economics conference St. Augustine, ,rinidad: University of West Department of Agriculteral Economics, Indies, 1975. Pp. E3-81. Provides an agronomic analysis of potential improvements and suggests that though increases in yield by breeding have little short-term potential, there are improvements in management and limited mechanization which would improve yields and labor productivity.
Jamaican examples are used.
A number of
124
Yam p n.a Techniques of th~e inTwelfth Proceedings spp.).gronomic
V,
2 th eCartnFO~ if! 197": Pp. 5-1$. "'he Status and Future of FERGUSON, T.U. yams in the Caribbean." In Proceedingqs of International Cymposium on Tropical uber _Cr_o2s. 1970. 1973. _ ot and Pp. 28-30. - --.
"The Status and Future of Yams in
In Tropical Pout and the Caribbean." Honolulu, Taber Crops Tomorrow, Vol. 2. Hawaii: University of Hawaii, 1971. Pp. 28-30.
The level of agronomic technology in the practised in tte growing of yams Low Caribbean region is discussed. yields of under 12 t/ha are normally obtained. With the exception of by Barbados, yams are generally grown Staking stands. small farmers in mixed can be is sometimes recessary but itthat future expensive. It is suggested the reseaach should be geared towards and production of non-staking cultivars fertilito investigate the economics of control. zer application and disease The development of processing methods is necessary. Peport FOOD AND AGOICULT1RE ORGALZ"'ION. Education of the FAO Seminar on- DiryLat i n Americafn and Dairy Valdivia, Countries L Hejld in Santia o and 1973. Rome, Chile, 24 June-1 July 1973. iii + 133 pp. to This report lists recommendations the at FAO and governments adopted seminar, concerning dairy development, managerial training, organizational and It aspects, and nutritional aspects. papers, also includes summaries, working Country and the ensuing discussions. giving delegates, by statements submitted consumpinformation on dairy production, include tion, marketing, training, etc. one by Jamaica. FOOD AND AGFICULTU?
OFGA:IZATION/
INTEh.MEPTCAN DEVELOP4ENT
PFOGP M.
BANK COOPEFAIIVE
Jamai ca qricultural ?ese~Arh
oe
14) Vol,
1, _.colect
Preparati on Sntesis
Pporl. Final Report, No. 4/7f, Jamaica Vashington, I (Circulation Pestricted). ] December 1976, 86 pp. (RDS/AID/JAI Vols. 2-7 of this series are annexes to the Vol. 1. This report is a plan for the rationalization of agricultural research in Jamaica. Various institutions and physical facilities are to be consolidated and any research related to small farmer needs is to be emphasized.
Forestry Development and Watershed
---.
TOLCS
PeQions, _anaqemetLn the Upland In Agriculture, JajOca__Uiside Demonstration WatersheL_n JA!aica. rINDP/ Tech. Peport 11, ?ome 197/:. JAM] Describes work on the Smithfield demonstration area (11(, acres in Kenilworth* Hanover) 1970-1973 on soil conservation and crop experiments to determine production responses for hill Estimates returns and costs for crops. plots also. ---.
---.
inTwo Ureas Grouni Water 'urvPYs Appraisal ica: of the Interior_.,.Ja ,a Report of the Pedro Plains. St. i/1A jp.ndix Elizabeth Area. Drillinq. TI Appendix Geology: AGL: SF/JA4 3/Tech Fep 1/1A/1,11, .ome, 1971. reas of'!*LC rroundWater Surveys in Two ep__ Appra isal the_ ter ior±. Jama ica: - Valley Trelawney. of the AGL: in. Pen dix II Ex joratoryDrill SF/JXM 3/T,
--.
TOLC
Ground
II. Water Surveys in Two
Areas of
T.U
Aopraisal Peport the Interio . Jamaica: of the Martha Brae Valley, 7relawne. Vater Ouality.
AGL: SF/JAI
3/iii,iv.
jese;rch on Coconut Lethal YellowinQ ProjEct FindinQs and 2s.elas eJamaica: TG: DP/JAr/72/0O5, Pecommendations. (U"DP/JAP] (RDS/AID/JAn] Pome, 197F. Pecommends vector.
further
seirch for disease
'0C.
126
.. #OPD, St. C.M. and D. VALMSE! A GULLt Fertilzer age on Veqet abe Cops inh ComnmiofEleth Caribbean, Technical Bulletin Caribbean Agricltural Research and 2. Development Institute, July 1977. 27 pp. An extension guide to fertilizers and recommendations for use. Animal GflBL, B.I. "Citrus by-Products for(1973): Feed." gorid Animal Feview 6, 24-27. The cost of drying can be estimated at about $40 per ton of dried citrus pulp as produced for local use as feed. Trinidad has a yearly production of 4,00 tons and Jamaica has two plants which produce a total of 4,500 tons a year. "echanical Harvesting GPOENIGEN, J.C. van. in Jamaica." International Sugar Journal 75, No. 889 (Jan 1973): 6-10.
,E
TOC
T#C
"The Jamaica, of Montane Forests and Soils oithe Arnold a Peassessment." Jofal Arboretum 57, no. 3 (July 1976) : 313-
GPUBB,
P.J. and TANEP,
E.V.J.
368.
Eastern GUP'"A, A. "Stream Characteristics in Flow Seasonal of Jamaica, Pn 'nvironment Americ__aQournal of and Large Floods." Science 275, No. 7 (Summer 1975): 825-87. Maps, Pef. HAMMETON, J.L. "Problems of Herbicide Weed Assessment in Peanuts in Jamaica." Pesearch 16, 11o. 1 (1976): 27-35. Delays on weeding and unweeded plots reduced yields, but a number of herbicides were not effective substitutes for weeding. ---.
Problems of Herbicide Use in Peasant (Paper presented at the Annual Farming. of Meeting of the Weed Science Society Corvallis, America, Las Vegas, 1974). Protection Plant USA; International 10 pp. Centre, 1974. the X review in which the author examines West the in present agricultural practice result Indies and the benefits that might
T
127 from the use of herbicides. The entire system of production would have to be improved for herbicide use to be economic. Additional education and extension services and provision of credit would Dribble help solve some of the problems. bars and granular formulations could simplify application and reduce overall costs. A single herbicide, suitable for all the crops grown in the area, which would control the major weeds during critical periods of growth, would be the ideal. ---.
"Weed rontrol in Peanuts in Jamaica." Meeting_of Abstracts 111. 19714. thePp.Science America. Society-Eof 1974
TC
In Jamaica, peanuts are mainly grown by small farmers for local sale as confectionery. Cultural practices are often poor, weed control is frequently neglected and yields tend to be low. The main weed problems are annual and perennial grasses. annual brush, Euphorbia sop. and vines. Good control of weeds during the first 30 days of growth is necessary for goo4 yields. ---.
"Weed Control work in Progress at the University of West Indies, Part 2." PANS 18, No. 2 (1972): 172-182. Gives results of herbicide trials (including those on brown bauxite soil in Jamaica).
---.
"Weed Control Work in ?rogre-s at the University of West Indies, Partt." k. 1S 20, No. 4 (1974): U29-436.
7
Reports results of trials using specific herbicides. HAQUF, I. and WALMSLEY, D. "Fulphur Investigations in Some West Indian TroRical g!rigulture (Guilford) Soils." 51, wo. 2 (April 197ul : 253-263. "The Performance of F1 RHPIES, H.C. Journal Hybrid Coconuts in Jamaica." : 197'4) (Dec 2 No. 2, Crops of Plant 1=;-20. ---.
"The Malayan Dwarf Supersedes the ?eputation I. Jamaica Tall Coconut.
rc
-,C
Oc
128 01eagineq performance." and 10 (oct 1970): 527-31. - --
25
No.
An F1 and POMMZY, D.H. "Maypan: Commercial for Variety 'oconut Hybrid world Crops Production in Jamaica." 26,
No.
3
(May/June
19714):
TC
110-111.
HAKINS, J.C. Report on the 4echanization of Agriculture in the West Indies. National Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Silsoe, Bedfordshire, England, 1960. nbviously historical but suggests small hill farmers in Jamaica cannot use small machinery (hand type) because of heavy clay soils. Has
detailed discussion of alternatives which may still raise relevant quest ions. B!IDE.SON -.R. ".esearch in Agricultural Extension." Caribbean 2uarterly 11,
'7E
No. 3/u#, 197
ENY, Caroll, and STIGGF, Edna "Pathological Problems .ssoci?.ted with Vegetable Growing at Orange Piver Agricultural Station." Proceedingqsof the Twelfth Annual Meetinq of the raribEan ?ood Crops-Society, 1971: 96-0i. HICK9ING,
C '-,
[Mrnh/JAM] G.?.
"Control of Nematodes in
Stored Yams in Jamaica."
Abstracts of
Internatinnal SImposium of 4ematologQ European Society of 'ematologist, (11thl. Feading, UK, 3-8 September, 1972.
---
",Nematode Pests of Yams in Jamaica."
?Soceedings of
the 12th Annual neeting
2fLthe Caribbean Food Crops Society# Jamaica3jOth June to_5th July, 1974. Jamaica: Ministry of Agriculture, Pp. 63-67. 1974. Nematodes were found associated with necrotic lesions on yam tubers. .eport discusses species which cause degeneration of stored yams, and those in roots and soil which seem to contribute to
loss of vigor. UUBEAPD, E.A. and WXLFS-EY, D.
"Studies
of Phosphate Fixation and Pelease on
the Pauxite Soils of Jamaica.
I. The
.#c
129 Fate of Added Phosphate." Tropical 51,, No. 3 (197L4): 361-369.
Aricltu
Describes experiments. Discusses the results on clay soils with bauxite. Results suggest that phosphate on St. Ann's clay loam rapidly becomes unavailable. Recommends fertilizer be applied close to roots and given in split dressings. ---.
"Studies of Phosphate Fixation and Pelease on the Bauxite Soils of Jamaica. I!. ?elease of Phosphate." Tropical Agriculture (Guilford) 51, 4o. 3 (July 1974) : 370-374.
HflI, Errol A.C. "Studies on the Efficiency of Surface Irrigation of Sugar Cane in Unpublished I.Sc. Thesis, UniverJamaica." sity of West Indies, Department of Crop Science, 1974.
T
TOC
Gives r'esults of three year survey on four soil types on volumes of water reaching the field and run off. Estimates irrigatior efficiency. HUTTO", D.G. "Pineapple Nematodes in Jamaica and Relationship between Their Population and Rainfall in Two Areas." Nematropica 5, tUo. 2 (1975) : 23-2U.
T*C
Nematode populations in pineapple roots and soils fluctuated regularly where rainfall was seasonal, and occurred in up to 90% of areas samplel. When rainfall was well distributed throughout the year, nematode populations decreased as the number of rainy days par month. increased, but with a time lag in both cases. ISAEL. .1inistry of Agriculture. Center for International Agricultural Cooperation. research rogramnMes in Joint A.ricultural ep K_ Rural Development Projects, Annual2 1970-1971. Jerusalem, 1972. 35 pp. The report includes work in.tropical areas on tomatoes, capsicums, cucurbits, and eggplants. "wo rapers in the appendix deal with vegetable production in tropical countries ind in Central America and the Caribbean.
?,C
130 Horace Fed Trials Pea (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) 7ariety in Jamaica _qof Proceedings of the Tenth hnnualMee. 1972: of the Caribbean Food Crops-ociety, rercival and PAY11E,
jACKSON,
44-u5.
(IOA/JAf].
DevelopJAI.&CA. Banana Board Research and Kingston, Peport. ment Department. Annual Jamaica. ([OA/JI.M] Peports results of all research done: variety fertilizer trials, disease work, Has etc. losses., trials, post-harvest (plant section an introduction to each to nutrition, field management) directed on farmer, and incluoes review articlesetc. mixed-cropping, use of fertilizer, Useful source for banana technology. ---.
CoconcL Industry Board Research Depart-
to 16th Lepork. Ist uent. Kingston, Jamaica.
(Annual)
Annual reports since 1961 on research. and Directors report provides review, on provided then detailed results are variety, resistance to lethal yellowing, spacing, inter-cropping fertilizer of experiment, etc. includes listing all recent publications. Useful source for research and technology in coconuts. ---.
Ministry of Agriculture.
Annual Peport,
Kingston: for Year Ended 31st March, 1975. -cultural mnforAgr Ministry of Agriculture, mation Service, 1976. [ MOA/JhP1 ?eport on work of MOA in extension, control, research. Dairy Cattle ?esearch Branch. - --. Hope "The Development of the Jamaica Old Breed of Dairy Cattle. Bodles, Harbour, Jamaica." Arimal HIsbandr 2i%!t , Ministry of Agriculture, Jamaica, 1972, No. 2, 77 pp.
10 papers This bulletin is composed of
that summarize collectively cattle breeding projects at Hope farm near in the Kingston in -Jamaica, resulting breed developmen't of the Jamaica Hope in 1958 from Jersey/Sahiwal crosses.
TrC
SpC
131 Productive performance and future development of this new breed are discuesed. Numerous tables and photographs included. ---.
--
-.
Ivesti ations 1975.
No. 65 (New Series) , 1977. [ PDS/A.D/JAN ]
Bullatin
216 pp.
A review of agricultural research programs and findings by commodity and by research organization. Investigations 1970-74. Bulletir. F-4, ministry of Pgriculture and -- -.
Fisheries, 1976.
388 pp.
TeEeC
(MOA/J'P]
Gives a detailed description of reseaach carried out over the period, by crop* livestock, etc. Investigations 1964-1970. Bulletin '3, Ministry of Agriculture and 558 pp. [NOA/JAM] Fisheries, 1973.
TOEec
Gives a detailed description of research carried out over the period, in sections by crop, livestock, etc. ---.
Sugar Industry ?Psearch Institute. Kingston. [MOA/JAM] AnnuaL Peport.
TC
Provides results of trials, fertilizer, Useful source of sugar variety, etc.
technology. ---.
Sugar Manufacturers Association.
Pesearch Department. rfmop/JA .]
TaC
Annual Report.
This activity recently shifted to Sugar Industry Pesearch Institute, but is source on research done prior to 1973. "A Study K.AN, F.; LATEgPOT, H.; et al. with Relation in Varieties of 100 Tomato 7 to Climatic Adaptation and Pesistance Indies." West the in Prevalent Diseases In croceeding§of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Caribbean Food 1r--s SocietY, Jamaica, 30th June to 9th JulY_ 197U.
The characteristics and suitabilities for cultivation in the Caribbean of 100 varieties of tomato are indicated in
tables together with their reactions to pathogens including Meloidogyne sp.
C
132 Comment is made on the breaking of resistance to Meloidogyne at high temperatures. E.P.H. torn Improvement Program* 'BTII, Ministry of Agriculture and Lands, Jamaica. Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Meeting o the3aribbean Food 'rops Societv, 1966: 58-62.
TC
ncCOY, P.E. "Comparative Epi4emiology of the Lethal Yellowing, Kaincope, and Cadang-Cadang Diseases of Coconut Palm." PlantDisease Reporter 60, No. 6 (1976): U98-502.
TIC
Calculations were made of the apparent rate of spread of lethal yellowing disease (LY) of coconuts under various conditions in Florida and in Jamiica, compared with that of Kaincope in vest africa and cadang-cadanJ in the Philippines. "Crop Productivity as 4ORGAY, G.W. Affected by Depths of Topsoil Spread for ?eclaiAing Bauxite-Mined Lands in Jamaica." Tropical AgE~iculture 51, 2 (197u) : 332-346. In trials in 1969-72, maize, yellow yam and sweet potatoes were grown on topnoil spread to depths of 11, 30, 45 or 60 cm on reclaimed land, which was or was not subsoiled, and were given adequate rates of NPK or twice those rates. in 1969, '70 and '72, maize grain yields were not affected, but were reduced in 1971, by subsoiling. Increase in the fertilizer rate gave uneconomic increases in grain yield. Cacao Black-Pod Disease Control PAYLOF, A.G. Proceedinqsof the Fifth Innual in Jamica Meeting of the Caribbean Food Crops jociety, 1967: 53-56.
'Control of Papaya Bunchy Top Virus jdinqs of the Thin.d Disease in Jamaica: Pro Annual MeetinQ of the Caribbean Food Crops 196r: 76-82. SocietY, in ,"Diseases of Beans and Their Control Annual Proceedings-of the Fourth Jamaica." MeetinQ of the CaribjaD Food Cropssociee 1966: 134-137.
TIC
TC
#1
133 Of Plants in Jamai.ca.
_P ,Rises Jamaica.
King.ston,
Ministry of Agriculture, 1974.
129pp.
This publication is intended to serve
as a quick guide to the identification and control of plant diseases and is intended for use by agricultural extension staff, farmers, students and others. After a general introduction on plant diseases, there are sections on control methods and on diseases of plantation crops, vegetables, grain legumes, root crops, cereal and torage crops, miscellaneous crops and ornamentals. ---.
"Diseases of ,oot Crops in Jamaica."
Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Cibbean Food Crops Soqciety.LJamica, 3Lth June to 5th July,_1974. Jamaica: Pp. 33-37. Ministry of Agriculture, 1974. Nematode infestation constitutes a severe threat to the profitable produc-
tion of yams in Jamaica. are sometimes
Potato tubers
affected and species have
been isolated from the roots of cocos and dasheens. "Sphaeropsis Knot Disease of Citrus in
T,C
Jamaica" Proceedins ofst h e First Annual Meeting of the CaribbeRn Food Crops Society, 1963: L1-42. PANTON, C.A. and MENENDEZ, T. "Possibilities and Implications of ,utation Breeding in Jamaica. In Induced Mutations and PlantLm!rovement, 1972. Pp. 61-66. PAYNE, Horace W. "Fertilizer Response of Groundnuts (Arachis Hypogaea) on Two Soils of Jamaica." Tropical Agriculture 51, No. 2 (1974): 347-354.
T,C
In trials at 3 sites ir 1971, groundnuts were given various rates and combinations of NPK. Yields of unshelled nuts at Cocoa walk were ircreased by up to 1.n9 ton per hectare with increase in rate of NPK compared with the untreated control. ---
"The Pole of Mir.i-Iesearch Stations Farm Productivity in the Increasing in uarterly 18, Caribbean Caribbean." 24-28. No. I ("arch 1972):
T,E
1 34 Outlines the concept of the mini-research station as carried out by ?egional Field fxperiment Programme of University of West Indies in Jamaica. -wo to three acres of farmers' land are used for several simultaneous investigations. These are representative of major soil type in
ecological region. Farmer provides labor for fencing, weeding, harvesting. Space large enough for statistically designed experiment; not just demonstration plots. Experiments usually involve fertility and variety assessment-popu'.ation densities and plant Study includes a
protwction.
comparative/return cost for red pea under improved and traditional method. PXv4E, Hugh 9.
T
Fertilizer ?esearch on Food
Crops and vegetables in Jamaica.
Proceed-
"n .iof the Fourth_ nnualMeetinq of the 1966: 109Caribbean Food Crops .ociety, [MO/JAM ] 119.
(Prachis hypogaea) Cultivation in Jamaica wif%, Special Reference to Dry Farming Techniques and Pesponse to Fertilizers. Proceedings of the Tenth knrual Meetinq of the Cacibbean Food Croos SocietY, .eanut
.....
1972: ....
.The
117-120 [tCr./J 14)
Status of Fertilizer Trials with Corn
*,C
Annual Seventh c_~Y Jamaica LroceedinAsofthe ineetinSothe Caribbean Food Cros 1999: 313-333 [MOP/J.M1
Bean Disease In Jamaica PIEPFE, P.E. of the Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Meetln Caribbean Food rops Sciety, 1968: U2-IL (MOA/JA I of Fungi %ssociated with Deterioration L.) in Jamaica. Ackee (Biqha_sidj
C
T*
.
Proceedings of the Twelfth &n!131 reeting_2f II1-119 the Caribbean Food Crop§ Society, 1974: ....
.Yield
Dry Bear Jamaica.
Potential and Disease Resistance of
",C
(Phaseolus vu laris) Varieties in the "welfth Annual ?ro22edin&2Rs
?qeeting of the Caribbe3n
F 2o2o-
C2oc.ete
1974:- 165-169 [MO)/JAM]
RICHAPDS,
J.1.
"Productivity of Tropical
",JOT
135 In P.Pastares in 'be Caribbean." ceedLngs of Ape lith !nte vaticnal Grassland Qongress. 1970. .OACHE, K.L.; WtLItNGTON, K.E.; and MAHADE/N, P. "The Extent of Selection for 9ilk Yield among Cows of the Jamaica Journal of Agricultural Hope Sree4." 7u, ho. 3 (June 1970): Science (ondon) 469-U 71. SNCHZZ,
P.A.
(Editor).
A Review of Soils
:0i
Research in Tropical Latin America. Raleigh, North Carolina: Soil Science Department, North Carolina State University, 1972. 263 pp. This publication represents a compilation of available literature on soils research in the American tropics, i.e. all courtries of Latin America and the Caribbean, excludi,,g Argertina, About 1,000 Chile, and Uruguay. abstracts of work published since 1960 were collected from Piological Abstracts
and additional material was obtained from Tropical Atstracts, the Latin .mprican
Bibliography of Agriculture
and the iuthors' personal files. Only representative or crucial references are cited in the body of the reviews. and all reviewed materials are cited in the bibliography. Emphasis whs placed on the main food and feed crops grown on small and medium-sized farms in Tropical America. "Technological Adaptations to Solar and Aeolian Energy 11tilization: Two Case Studies in Pural Jamaica." Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Florida, 19f9.
SCHAEPEP,
SHAW,
F.D.
Herbert F.
""he
Malayan Dwarf Supersedes
4. 4aking the the Jamaica Tall Coconut. Change." Oleaineux 26, No. 3 (March 1971) : 155-158.
Journa "Bench- T erracing." SHENG, !.C. of the qcientific ?esealch Council of Jamaica 3, No. 2 (1972) : 113-127. Article deals with the design, manual and mechanical construction, maintenance costs and benefits and other aspects of
'7C
136 reverse bench-terraces, in particular most suited
bench-terraces, which ire rainfor upland or tree crops in high Prerequisites for fall r,.gions.
success are overall planning, individual treatment, demonstration plots, incentives and inducements during the period of terracing. "Financial Potential SHrLINGn.D, John. and welfare Implications of Sugarcane Harvest Mechanization on JamaicandisPlantation." Unpublished Ph.D. 197U. sertation, Cornell University, mbjectives were (i) to review sugar and industry with reference to need to potential for mechanization (ii) assess feasibility of combine-harvest to mechanization at firm level (iii) mechaniestimate welfare efiects of zation and (iv) to determine policy implications.
ore
S
or Peal wages in sugar remained constant and 1971, decreased between 1960 and labor this plus wage gap effect explain extended shortage. This shortage has Returns harvest with increased costs. estito investment in harvesters were 95 percent, to negative mated to range from Fstiwith net increase in foreign exchni~ge. 11was mated reduction in employment principle 15 percent. Suggests compensation to attain egt,ity and socially desirable resource allocation. "The Malayan Dwarf Supercedes S41'He F.W. Changes the Jamaica Tall Coconut. 2. 25, in Farming Practice." 1Meaqingeux Wo, 11 (Nov. 1970): 593-598.
T*C
and SNOWS J. Wendell: HOFMAN, H.C.; Jamaica--'Reort A.H. BRUMHOVE, Pre-Valuation ?crewwormT Of.the 32 pp. July 7-31,.976. q2Mmittee [RDS/AID/JAM] + maps, tables, appendix. pest Screwworm is a major livestock and in Jamaica and the feasibilityare economics of its eradication discussed. "Status and Future Prospects SP!ECE, J.'. Indian for Edible Aroids in the West Crops ube T tand Tropical Region."
7,C
137 Tomorro~w__Vol- 2-
Honolulu, Hawaii:
University of Hawaii, 1971.
Pp. 4&5-46.
The few reports of research on tania and
cocoyam in the West Indies and Latin America are reviewed and the proposed research lines of study (growth regulators, plant density and canopy, and plant anatomy and growth) to be followed in the West Indies are discussed. SUAH, Joseph R.P. Control of Irish Potato Pests Proceedings of the Twe2fth Annual Meeting of the Ca ibbern..Food Crops Society, 1974: 76-78.
TOC
THOMAS, O.A. and McLAPEN, L.E. "Some Studies on the Digestibility of Panogla Grass (Digitaria Decumbens Stent.) in ropical Agriculture (Ft. Jamaica. No. 3 (July 1977): 225U, Augustine) 235.
TC
THOMPSON, A.K.; BEEN, B.3.; and PErKINSC.D. "Prolongation of the Storage Life of Breadfruits" ;roceedins of the Twelfth Ann!aL Meetinloof the Caribbean Food Crops Society, 1974: 120-126.
TM
'72IWIDID. University of the West Indies. Report (Annual). Faculty of Agriculture.
TE
Annual report on research carried out in agriculture at University ot the West Indies, in Jamaica and elsewhere. TURNE0, M.
Control of ?ust and C~ecspora
T,C
Leafspot of Peanuts in Jamaica Proceedings_f Fio.9 Caritbea the '/JA.] Meeting the Tenth Annual1972: 5-7 of MO Society, -22s r
"A Study of the Growth and WALKF, L.A. Yield of the Valery, Lacatana and Pobusta Cultivars of Banana in Jamaica." T_oical Agriculture (St. Auguztine) 47, No. 3 (July 1970): 233-242.
oc
"Phosphate Fixation in WEIF, C.C. Jamaican Latosolic Soils." Trp ica Agriculture 54, No. 1 (1977) : 87-93.
T
Small but significart releases of native bound P were obtained by the application of high rates of ammonium sulphate, whereas similar rates of urea and calcium nitrate had no effect on
138 paosphate uptake.
Application of
calcium silicate had a beneficial effect
on the uptake of phosphate by ths plants.
Some ot the implications of using slightly soluble phosphatic fertilizers (in preference to the current higly soluble P fertilizers) on high phosphate-fixing latosolic soils are di:i::uzsed.
---
"Phosphate Studies on the Jamaican ,auxite Soils." Tropical Agriculture (St. Augustine) 49, No. 1 (Jan. 1972): 89-96.
m
T
gELLINGTON, F.E. and flAHADEVMN, P. "Development of the Jamaica Hope Breed of Dairy Cattle." World Animal_?evie_ 15 (1975) : 27-32.
T,C
WHEPVIN, L.W. van. "Some Fruitflies (rephritidae) in Jaraica." P.S
T
20,
No. 1 (1974): 11-19.
A review, including details of the host-preferences of Anastrepha sDp. and notes on the stage or stages at which host-fruits are attacked, 4ifferences in susceptibility of several mango and control measures. "Field Experiments on the TATES, R.A. Chemical vipening of Sugar-Cane in Jamaica and Belize in 1970." Tropjisal
TeC
ZENJANIS, Faimunds. Peport on Cattle rctivities, SUL.ey and 'Related Fertility Pp. 22 + E Jamflca. Fept. 196S.
TC
AQriculture (St. Augustine) 49, Io. 3 (July 1972) : 235-24.
appendices.
[PDS/AID/JAM ]
AD consultant report.
139
IGRICULTUPE:
POLICY AND PLANNING
BINSENDIJF, A.L. and HUNTER, L.J. "Implications for ?ural Development from An Illusa Long-.ange Planning Model: tration for Jamaica." Proceedinqs of the Ninth West Indies hricultural Economics ConferenceHeld at the _NewKingston_. Ja ma ica, Pegasus_ fe_ %pril 3-6. 1974 and at the Jamaica griculture,_wickenham .chool of Park April 7-i_..192_. St. Augustine, Dept. of Agricultural Trinldad: Economics, University of West Indies, 197U. [UWI/ISE9]
PS
The paper discusses the implications of long-term projections on planning for rural sector development in the context of a long-range planning model using JamaPca as a case study. it is primarily concerned with variables of population size, age distribution, migration patterns, labour force size and quality, food consumption and social service reauirements, investment requirements and land densities. The application of the planning model to the rural sector in Jamaica leads to the conclusion that rapid sector population growth can seriously affect development of the rural sector through its impact on food requirements, government agricultural and social service expenditure requirements, densities, employment possibilities and worspning rural-urban income differences. BROW', Adlith. "Planning as a Political Activity: Some kpects of the Jamaican Experience." Social and Economic Studies [1 A/JAM] 2U, !1o. I ('arch 1975): 1-i.
P,J
Includes short description of Jamaican exDerierce with planning. Suggests it has not been effective. View of authors is that plan should mobilize and that indicative planning is not Agricultural Economics. effective for this. BROWN, Headley. "Import Substitution In and West Indian Agriculture." Indian West Proceedings_of the 11th A__grutura lEconomics _Conference
P,J,1
140
23-29
HedjA~il._3r~o RoArch 1969.
St. Augustine, Trinidad:
University of West Indies, Dept. of
Agricultural Economics. PJ SelfCAIPBALL, L.G. 'Strategy for MaximizingProcej eflD sufficiency in Food in the ?egion" Econo ics oLthe Tenth West Indies Agricultural QfgreA...L_
qeton
Guyana,
5 . 197LJ.2
S
t.
Indies, Augustine, Trinidad: University of West Farm and Economics Department of Agricultural Management, 1975. Pp. 1-65. CHIN, !iubert. Natonal'Water resources PaaqJaMaica. Water ?esources Division, Ministry of mining and Natural ,esources. 12 Dp. + 2 Kingston, Jan. 25, 1977. annexes, bibliog. [TDS/AID/JAM]
Pt
A terms of reference statement for a study to develop a national water plan. The study is to report on the potential for multi-purpose uses of water for fisheries, irrigation, flood control,and pollution control, power generation to develop management policies to optimize water use and disposal to maintain environmental quality. aNe w a Tow4 re,2oth SECRETAPIAT. :MOONVO4ERLTH Economic_Order. Internaj lena1 London* a Commonwealth Experts._Grou. U.K.,
1975.
FYJ
Pp. 5L.
An Tnterim Report of a group of Experts appointed by Commonwealth Heads of Government at their Meeting in Kingston, Jamaica, in May 1975 and considered by Commonwealth Ministers meeting in Georgetown, Guyana, August 28. The of group indicates a short run program development measures. In agriculture, recommends donor countries help with fertilizer needs and support their production. Also suggests fishing needs expansion. DAILY GLEXNE?. "Production Target surpassed." 295, December 1(, 1977. Vol. CXLIII, No. P. 1, 21.
A report by the Prime Minister to of Parliament on the first nine months Targets the Emergency Production Plan. in domestic food production ,surpassed,
P
1l1
unemployment still estimated at 23 percent. P. Ministry Paper prepared by the Emergency
Production Plan Implementation Control [!PIC] was also presentod. The trade balance under the Plan has improved from a deficit of -$201 million to -S16 million. Inflation for the year is estimated at 13 percent. Import licenses for January-September, reduced from $875.54 million in 1976 to $790.97 million in 1977. Food imports fell from $161.5 million to S10A.4 million. Exports up: beverages 116 percent; tobacco 117 percent; minerals, fluids, lubricants and related materials 141 percent; plastic materials 208 percent; production of non-metallic manerals up 150 percent; iron and steel 129 percent; non-ferrous materials 138 percent; non-elect. machinery 165 per-
cent; furniture 146 percent. Exports of textiles, clothing and essential oils registered a small decrease. Domestic food crops up over target for year. Red peas 51 percent, cassava 31 oercent, sweet potato 49 percent, dasheen 32 percent. At the 9 ronth point these crops had achieved the following proportion of the yearly target: corn 74 percent; onions 89 percent; yams 83 percent; cocoa 75 percent; rice 49 percent. AMC purchases were up E9 r-ccent over last year-January-September. In the land Lease programme the plan target was 12,000 farmers on 25,0C0 acres of arable land. So far, some ;,8u farmers have bee-?n placed on 10,200 acres. The first co-operative Pioneer Farm was established near Wentworth in St. Mary in October. Four mcre are to be established this year. These Pioneer ?arms are part of the program of the Accelerated Land Peform Unit. These Pione r Farms are to be the nuclei for the development of Community Enterprise Organizations which are intended to accomplish a radical transformation of rural life. Construction is less than r0 percent of the planned level. This has aggravated unemployment. k major obstacle has been import restrictions on construction material. Bauxite and alumina exports are expected to fall short by 1.5 million tons trom the planned 12,$U8 million tons projected for 1972 Government receipts would exceed
142 those for 1976v however. New employment generation is to be the first priority of the upcoming new Five Year Plan. DUE, Jean M. and GEHRING, Donald C. "Jamaica's Strategy for Import Substitution of Vegetables in the 19609s." Illinois Agricultural Economics 17. No. 1 (January 1973): 20-26.
PC
This article summarizes the major types of vegetables currently imported, the percentage of consumption imported, government strategy to increase vegetable production and the response to that The authors conclude that most strategy. of the vegetables imported at present are being produced currently in Jnmaica and their production could be accelerated. Planning Agricultural DevelopDUMONT, .ene. ment._Fevort to the Government of Jamaica. Expanded Program of Technical Assistance, Food and Agricultural Organization, No. Pp. 87. [PDS/AID/JAM] 1717, Pome 1963.
.oS
Now dated but thorough study. Good description and recommendations for livestock and conservation programs. FLETCHER, C. and ALLY, P. "The JAS and the Anti-Inflation Package." Farmer 80, (OA/JAM] Wo. 8/9, (1975): 312-379.
FOS
This special issue of The Farmer is devoted to the subject of inflation. It includes two addresses to the Jamaican Agricultural Society by its president on inflation and the Government's Action Proposals, and in a dozen projects in which he thought the society should engage to increase production and so off-set inflation. The issue also contains the main substance of a seminar h.-ld on the subject of inflation. This includes an overview of inflation in Jamaica by A. Ally and excerpts from the discussion which followed, in which some of the most prominent personlities in finance, industry, agriculture, trade and commerce, and other sectors of the national economy, took part. FLOYD, Barry, "Planning for Rural Development
P
143 in Jamaica." Carlbbean_ Quarterly 18, No. [UWI/VIC] 1 ('arch 1972): 1-13. Suggests agricultural planning should include spatial analysis. FOOD AND AGRICULTUPE ORGANIZATION/ U.N. DEVELOPMENT PROJECT. Development and Management of Water Resources, Jamaica: A Prosed Water Resources Act for Jamaica m Working Document II. Rome., 1972. [ UiDP/JA M]
POLC
Development and Manaqement of Water
PeL.-
---.
Water L.gislAion in Resrcge. JamaicaJamaica, Workinq Document 1. Rome, 1972. [UNDP/JAM] A description and discussion of present legislation and authorities.
GOODWIN, P. "Jamaica's Crop of Good Ideas." New Scientist 64, Wo. 940 (1975): 636-638.
P
Discusses problems of food shortage for domestic consumption. Reports on drive towards self-sufficiency in food production and suggests the immediate results seem encouraging. Mentions the land reform program. "Peplanting GOWDIE, A.L. and ROMNEY, D.H. Lethal the through Coconuts in Jamaica Yellowing Insurance Pegulations." L!_cuItural kdministration 3, No. 2 (1976) : 125-131. Planting of resistant 'Malayan Dwarfs' in Jamaica, to replace 'Jamaica ,all' coconuts killed by lethal yellowing disease, is I eing aided through the Lethal Yellowing Insurance "egulations. Funding is by a tax on production, and aid to any farmer (free seedlings and cash grants) is proportional to his previous sales on coconuts for copra. From 19E6 to 1974, 1.7 million seedlings were issued out of 2.2 million offered to A sample survey of 101,AEm seedfarmers. lings planted on 61 farms in 1967-1969 Although the showed 67 percent alive in 1973. these through replanting of coconuts Pegulations has been accompanied by many errors, as the data show, nevertheless considerable success has been achieved. Inflation to some extent limited the enthusiasm of farmers since the cash
POC
144 benefits became inadequate to cover the costs of planting and maintenance. The present cash benefit of $1.40 per plant is the result of an increase in August 1974 from the $1.00 per plant effective as from 1966. Increases in the price of coconuts have tended to fail to keep up with rising costs or with the profits to be made in non-agricultural enterprises. HUGGINS, H.D. "Employment, Economic Development and Incentive Financing in Jamaica." Social and Economic studies 1, No. 1 (February 1953): 1-59. [HOA/3AN; UWI/ISEP]
P
Describes agriculture at that time (or in terms of 19143 census) in detail. Policies "assume agriculture is given first claim on development effort." Increased production is to be added by modern techniques associated with use Trend should be of fewer workers. toward medium size farms (10-49 acres) with workers being absorbed into industry. Useful historical comparison. INSTIT'TO INTERANERICANO DE CIENCIAS AGRICOLAS. Lgricultu al PoliaI 1): Five-Year Plan Papers (Y!ol. Instituto Jamaica: II). (Vol. Ciencias de Interamericano Agricolas, Document 7 (No date, in CRDS/AID/JAM I process?).
P
JAMAICA. Ministry of Agriculture (probably) No A_1rcu1turAl Development Strategy. 1974. about seems but xerox on this date [u)DS/AID/JkM] Pp. U4.
P
A forerunner of the National Development Plan. Useful for background of agricultural sector problems and government program formulation. Agricultural Information Service. Year Ended 31 March 1975. nnuaPEe~ocr_, CROS/AID/JAMI May 1976. Pp. 97.
P*E,"
Best single source of information on agricultural projects, goals, basic summary data, scope of ministry functions. An important source for any agricultural program information. ---
----
Planning in Jamaica. 1_rcultural g
P
Kingston, 1972.
Pp. 32 + hppendices.
Discusses history of development planning (including colonial history) and a description (not evaluation) of projects 1950's, 1960's. and general review of planning critiques. Agricultural Planning Unit. 1955-1972. "Agricultural Subsidies." 17 + tables. Pp. (Unpublished) 1973(7). [ROA/J AM]
PON
Report lists subsidies, amounts used, administrative expenditures, etc. and a critique and recoumendations. This is historical, but provides a useful though not detailed analysis and discussion of problems for present and future programs. .
Farm Subsidies.
June 1975
FOR
(printed, looseleaf folder) Pp. 8. (P D./AID/JAM] This folder contains a series of brochures which show the level and type of various types of subsidy programs, mostly crop specific. Planning and Policy ?eview Division and Ministry of Finance, The National Planning Agency. Five Year Development Plan 1978-8:_Agricultural Sector lan, Vol. I, [P'7S/AID/JAM] Vol II (Draft). First volume has short summary chapters on resources available to the sector, recent programme of the sector and its major problems. Present and future actions proposed for land reform, soil conservation, irrigation and drainage projects are then outlined. Project goals for each of the domestic food crops are given, though not justified in great detail. The cattle expansion programme is outlined, as are programmes for small stock Doultry and fisheries. Programs and projections for export industries - coconut, coffee, cocoa, sugar and bananas are given. In Vol. II spices, fruit trees, forestry, citrus, tobacco industries of program are covered. Credit, domestic food markets, certified seed prnduction and agricultural co-operations and research have separate chapters Alternative institutional systems for
P,S,C,M,LC
1'4b
credit are given. A quite detailed discussion of marketing is provided and a detailed programme for co-op development
and detailed suggestions for agricultural research. outline of the prc.posed 5 Years Development Plan (Aricultural Sectorl for Consultative Meeting of the Minister of agriculture and Farm Leagers at Jamaica Peqasus Hotel. Kingston. on lth April, Kingston* 1978. 1978.
Pe.
Policy goals - 1. Produce as much food and ray materials as is feasible.
3. Use all agri2. Peduce imports. potential. fullest to lands cultural 5. Improve incomes. 4. Increase rural rural amenities. 6. Improve employment opportunities. Programs to achieve these goals include: 1. Fair prices. 2. Acceleration of land reform. 3. Expanded irrigation. 4. A major soil conservation program. 5. Better research and extension. 6. Major changes in food marketing. 7. Peorgan:Lzation of crop export activities. Agricultural credit is to be consolidated under the control of J.D.B. All agricultural research is to be consolidated into the new Agricultural Research Service (A.R.S.). ---.
Prolect Land-Lease.
---.
Kingston*
PetC
1974. Loose leaf material for farmer. [(DS/.ID/J AM I Indicates statistics kept and extension etc. involved in programme. Secial Task Force. "Green Paper on Agricultural Development Policy." (Revised) March 1974. [DS/AID/JAM]
- --. ---.
--.
.
Special Task Force.
Green
Pacer on Agricultural Development _..atey. Kingston* Jamaica, November (MOA/JAM] (PDS/AID/JAM] Pp. 44. 1973. The important policy paper of the present (1977) Jamaican Government.
Produced by a commission including W. Arthur lewis. Sets as objectives full use of agricultural lands, improved rural living, income redistribution, produce as much food as economically
P
PS
147 and technically feasible, attract The private sector investment. strategy: more equitable land distribution, improved farmer training, improved extension, re-organization research, introduce new technologies and expansion of existing production
of non-traditional exports, e.g. avocadoes, mangoes, efficient credit system, reorganization of Ministry of Agr icult ure. Has sections on resources in agriculture, recent performance (1963-72), agricultural sector study: its findings and recommendations, and Government's proposal for action. ---. ---.
"Subsidies and Interest-Free
PLC
Parmer
Loans Available to the Farmer." 80, No. 7 (1975): 271-281.
Discusses subsidies and interest-free loans available. ---.
Ministry of Lands and Agriculture. Farmers Production Programme 1963-68. Kingston, May 1963. (MOA/JAM] -- -.
-.--
The Aqriculture Development
P
P
Pronamme 1960-1962. Ministry Paper 42. 7 November 1960. (MOA/JAMI Gives planned data, budget, etc. ---
•
Nutrition Advisory Council.
A Food
PN
and Nutrition Policy for Jamaica with Programmes for Incorporation into the 19 7 76 National Development Plan: 1977 78. Pp. 45. Prepared June 197U, CRDS/AID/JAM ] revised January 1975. Discusses the current status of nutrition and food supply. A major section deals with the factors which determine food consumption patterns and nutritional status. -he final section deals with proposed policies to improve the conditions described. Excellent source. -
Office of the Prime Minister.
'he
gnergency Production Plan - 1977-78. April 22, 1977. Paper No. 13. Pp. 127 + Appendices. April 22, 1977. New temporary econowic policies established
P
148 to deal with the current acute foreign
exchange crisis. The plan calls for increased food output to substitute for imports. 2xisting programs are to be accelerated and new measures instituted. - --.
The Ministry of National Mobilisation Producand Human Resource Development. (E.P. Control tion Plan :mplementation me erqency Production I.C.) Council. jumber_2. Presented ?epoKt Progress Plan, to the House of Pepresentatives, Tuesday, p. 140 (Typewritten, December 13, 1977. (Deport No. 48. Paper no author) .inistry Probably borrowed from radio station. availabl: rhrough Prime hinister's Office1
P
This entrl is closely related to the adjacent report from the Daily Gleaner article on the Prime minister's speech. which was excerpted from this document. Only different entr'ies noted here. Pesults of the plan--consumption rates comfell from 91 percent of GDP to 81 percent pared to a comparable period. Non-traditional exports have been stimulated--plastic materials, up 208 percent: non-electrical machines, up 165 percent; furniture, up 10" percent. ,nemployment remains high--220,00 Tables persons, 23 percent of labor force. relating to activity of several projects are provide4--Crop Lien Program, Project Land-Lease and Unused Eauxite Lands. .ac. roud JAMAICh AGPICULTU AL SOCIETY. to the Formulation of a National-Plan for Agrcl1ture and Rural FeconstructiAan Pp. 126. Kingston, 1972. Jamaica. [UWI/WIC: HD 1846.J31
---.
,Development plan for %griculture."
;_rmeL, 78 No. SmoQ/JAl I
11 (1973) : 349-395.
A comprehensive development planthefor Jamaican agriculture, based on the findings and recommendations of tabled Agricultural Sector Study, was 0 epas a Green Paper in the House of Pe?orts r~sentntives in November, 1973. of statement to the House by the minister Agriculture which outlined an 18-pcint and action plan arising from the study,year. the of invited comment by the end plan Both the Minister's message and the are reproduced.
POS
P
149
---.
"Farmers' Conferenc- on Food Crop
PuS
Kingston: *Jamaica AgriProduction." 1976 (Pamphlets, Society, cultural MOR/JAM] mimeo). Background papers and speeches of a national plan for agricultural and rural reconstruct ion. JOHNSON* I.F. "A National Agricultural Farmer, 78 No. Plan for Jamaica." ( OA/JAM] 7U. 64-70, 2/3, (1973): ---
ProQgrmMO Held Seminar for Agriculture. Peport on at Golden Head Beach Hotel, Oracabessa, 7 to 9 December, 1973. Kingston: 1974 79, N0. 1/2: 5-52. ; BORNICK,
G. ;
al1.
an Action
P
P
The Seminar was opened by Mr. Anthony Capleton.
The first paper, by I.
E.
Johnson discussed Policy and goals for
Jamaican agriculture, and this was followed by G. Donnick on the Need for In the next section the National Plan. K. Munn presented the role of farmers and their organizations and co-ordination in p. J. Patterson spoke on agriculture. Potential ind production targets in agro-industry, and G. M. Sammy on Food The Seminar processing and agriculture. workshops the from concluded with reports on Extension, Livestock, Agricultural credit. Traditional and non-traditional export crops, marketing, research, and the role of co-operatives. "*The Fole of Statutory Boards JONES, Fdwin. in the rolitical Process in Jamaica." Social and Economic Studies 19, No. I [ OP/.1A] I11-1' . (Parch 197a):
PR
Discuss political processes in formulation
and administrative efficacy of such Boards (these including marketing boards, etc.).
.__
ricultural
Planni.nJmia
Instituto Interamericano de Ciencias (lICP), Kingston, June 1977. Pgricolas pp. [ RDS/AID/JM ] US A review of existing policy and planning divisions of MOA.
P
150 Supplies in LESIIE, F.A. and L.B. pAKItE, "Food of JaCase the the Commonwealth Caribbean: Indies Vest Tenth maica". Froceedings of the Georgetown, Agricultural EconomicsSConference,
PenJ
gavina, 1975. St. Augustine, Trinidad: University of West Indies, Department of Pgricultural Economics and Farm Management, 1975. Pp. 23-37. conArticle reviews information of relative of sources tribution of domestic and foreign food supply, and describes and evaluates Sugrecent programs to increase production. the gests that policies were not developed for not whole sector and that small farmers did participate adequately.
POSHiALL
0.?.
"Rest Indian Land taw:
Conspectus and ?eform." Economic Studies 20, No.
1-i4.
PeJ
§QjaI. and 1 (March 1971):
([OP/JAM]
Describes the legal situation of land laws of each of the Commonwealth Caribbean islands including Jamaica. Discusses and explains difference between legality and custom in matters of alienability (family land is a custom), succession (legittmate Also suggests versus all offspring). cost of reducing e.g. law, reforms of Useful for understanding conveyancing. situation and fatm fragmei.tation. land title MlttS. G.E. and ROBEPTSON, Paul D. "The Attitudes and Behaviour of the Senior Civil Service in Jamaica." Social and Economic Studies 23, No. 2 (June 197U): 311-343.
MOA/JAMI
to Uses results of attitudinal survey suggest that civil servantz consider themselves implementers and do not wish to be involved in providing 7his role is policy suggestions. considered a remnint of Colonial administration in which decisionmaking was done elsewhere.
"PEPISON, C.J. A Developg,nt Plan for Portland. Kingston: Ministry of Agriculture, July 1972. Appendix. Pp. 75. [ PDS/AID/JAM] Portland at the extreme East end of
Jamaica is co-extensive with the Port Antonia Area Land A.uthority (now defunct).
PeJ
151 A comprehensive plan and study of the area. SUMN, K.A. "Agricultural Development Farmer 79, No. 4/5 (1974): Policy." 139-153. (POO16-Ou73 1
P
Minister for Agriculture states the Jamaican government's broad objectives
for agriculture, and detailed action
proposals to put these policies into effect are set out. ---.
"Coordination in Agriculture." r_ 79, No. 1/2 _ 16-19.
---.
P
(Jan/Feb 1974):
"4unn on Agriculture in the House.
?
The text of a speech made in r.he (Jamaican) House of Pepresentatives on Thursday 20 June (1974) by Honourable
Keble Munn, M.P., Minister of Agriculture." 269.
Farmer 79, ro. 7/8
(1974) : 221-
A review is made of some of the more important events in the agricultural sector of Jamaica durirg the year ending June 197U, including the Agriculturql Sector Study, the re-organization of the Lard Authorities within the Ministry of Agriculture, additional expenditure on Farm 4achinery Pools, the Conservation Project, the "Miracle Fruit" project, the export crop situation, the coffee industry, Idle Land Orders, Food Farm operations, Project Land Lease, ques-
tions of credit,
frtilizer
and
subsidy, the Agricultural fertilizer Marketing Corporatici, ind the cocoa, citrus, tobacco, sugvr, pimento, banana, and dairy industries. NUNES, F.E. "The Denlining Status of Social the Jamaican Civil 5ervice." (June 2 No. 23, Ftudies and_Economic (M(?A/JAM] 1974) : 34(4-356.
Provides results of survey showing decline in status of Civil Service. Suggests reasons are emergence of ministerial decision-makers to replace Colonial (white) Civil Service decisionmakers. Civil Service chief advisors* but advice is only heard, seldom followed.
Pei
152 POOFN, S. and HUTCHINSC.N, lUcea-Falmouth Peqional Town Planning Division. and Natural Resources. 136 + 35 maps, tables.
BaY-1 COnte M. M Kingston: Study. Ministry of Mining Pp. July 197U.
PeJ
of each Presents a comprehensive view
as economic, social, physical factor
Discusses they apply in this region. (includes problems and plan solutions
agriculture). ?AFNE8J. Politico-k~dmini
st
ra
t i ve
Pei
A Caribbea n Perspective. India: Indian Institute of rublic Pdministra-
tion, 1973. Quoted as relating agricultural policy failures to administrative-bureaucratic inadequacies. SPRULI, Hebe.
"Jamaica Plans an Agri-
P
New Commonwealth cultural Policy." 621-524. XL, No. 10 (October 1962):
"Political Aspects of STCONE, Carl. in Postwar Agricultural Policies Social and Jamaica (1945-1970) ." Vo. 23, tudies [1,Oh/JAII]2 (June Economic : 145 -175.
PS
1974)
Paper develops thesis that primary obstacles to agricultural developand ment in period were political, between competition represented the and interplay of class interests. Suggests that the lincrementalist' policies stressing credit, subsidies, marketing services to small farmers occurred because of lack of leadership and radical demands by small farmers. Leadership in agriculture or was from farmers of 51-10n acres 5 to 50, who accepted possibilities Large landof mobility in system. to owners had sufficient influence changes prevent radical land ownership in a situation in which governments gave a low priority to agrizulture. Suggests that more radicdl changes and An important are likely in 71's. controversial analysis, with useful description and documentation. ,, gricultural Planning in UNKNOWN AUI"HCS.
P
153 Unpublished mimeo. Jamaica." ERDS/AI D/JAM I
1968?
Gives a history to 1967 of plans* schemes and planning. Otherwise some general comments on olanning. ---.
West "Agriculture in Jamaica." (1974) : 16-18. Indjanpeview 10, No.
20. Peports on a seminar of the Jamaican
Agricultural Society held at Oracabessa, December 1973, which commented on the agricultural development strategy set out in the Jamaica Government's Green Paper. Deviews the measures to be undertaken by the Government. ---.
"Farmers' Income Tax: Investment Allowances." 395-397. December 197 2.
---.
"Farmers' income Tax:
9reeding Stock Farmer 77, (12):
P
Capital and
Investment Pllowances." Farmer 77, (12) : 369-372, 374-376, 378, 381-383. December 1972. [Mrt/JAM I ---. "Farmers' income Tax: Herd Basis Farmer "reatment of Farm Animals." 392-393, 77, (12): 384-38r, 387-390, 397. December 1972. [MO/JV.j
P
WALKEP, Carol. "The Why's and wherefores of Food Shortages." CpLanu!s 10, No. 5 (1977).: 256-259.
pop
Statement by an information officer of )gency for Public information. Asserts higglers and consumers are boarding, and that higglers are buying it controlled price and reselling. ZFNNY# F.
Memoranum on Five Year %.qrjcu_rt
Sector Plan, (Internal Document, Ministry of griculture) March 1978, 11S pp. This document is an analysis and critique of the 1978-1982 Five Year Development Plan. Carefully done, detailed and specific. it provides an alternate view concerning neerly every aspect of agricultural policy, structure, plans and potential. Must reading as a comoanion +o the 5-Year Plan. Points out clearly problems with the Plan's expanded role in A4C in marketing.
Pro"
154
PFOJECT-q
7XPGUHAPSOVe, . "North Clarendon and Other JAS Projects." nnpublished undergraduate thesis. Dept. of Geography, University of West Indies, Mona, 1973. [GD/III/Jl]
Er
F~nD AND ;GRICtILTUEE OPGAmLZATION/U.-. DEVELOPMENT PFOJECT. Foresty Develop-
Pr,,C
ment and Watershed Mana
in th
Project Uplapdvgeions. Jamaica: Findings and Fecommendati2ns_Phase
_,
Term Report.
Pomp 1977.
Peports results of sawmill wood utilization for low cost housing, and results of forest plantation project over a number of years. GEENv, P. "Agriculture Project Land Lease-Petford, Mandeville." Unpublished undergraduate thesis. Dept. of Geography, University of West indies, Mona, 1977. [GD/UWI/.A l I
Pro,?
ases GPONTMIJ Co. Black Fiver Zeilal ien Project. Kingston, Ministry of %griculture and Linds, September 1966. VICA/JAM) This is a project proposal, with description of region and its water, land and drainage problems. Makes estimates of benefits and costs of project. Benefits based on cost/ returns data on agriculture (no source cited). 1"TE.-AMEFICAN DVFLOPMENT BANK. Jamaica: Frolect ?eport on Self=3jupflQt ing _r.qtae IV Farmers'-Development Poq 1977. August (restricted) 23 (PO/AID/JAM] Has update on this project and
evaluation of earlier part of project etc. Survey material on this project is listed under SC.
Pr
155 INTEPNATIONAL BANK ?nP RECONSTPUCTIOY AND of Proie c DEVELOPMENT. Jamaica- _9 st 8 7 / 9 "1980 91. for External Financing _ Washington, D.C.: IBPD, May 2, 1978 (ESTPICTED ][ RDS/AID/JAM] Jamaica: Third Hiqhg!ay Project.
24,
197U.
Document
June
PC
Pr,J
. 7U-152 for Executive
Directors Meeting. Incorporated into this special document is Report No. ULla-Jm, Appraisal of a Third Hiqhway Projct Jamaica:
Pp. 40. Includes maps, tables (Restricted). [;DS/AID/JArM]
JAMAICA.
Jamaica: Tird . ghway
Prolet. "Action
Pr,O
Pequired as a Result of Ministerial Decisions (no date, on Sector Study Briefs." originating of indication no no author, [RIS/AID/JAM] 9. Pp. agency) This document seems to date from 1975 and to have originated with the GOJ. It was probatly a portion of a larger agricultural document. It is a complete listing of existing and proposed investment projects by all and any agency dealing with rural and agricultural development.
BANK FOR RECONSTPUCTIO. JAMAICA/I YT EFNATIO.TAL T . First Pural DeveloPment At!D DEVELOPMEN _iect.
Vol. I (Draft),
PrSp.LC
Kingston, August
Pp. al + 21 annexes of 25C pp. 1979. [RDS/AID/J ']
Gives overview of Jamaican rural sector, a description of the project area (Trelawny, St. James, Hanover, Westmoreland, and St. Elizabeth), and a
discussion o- the project and its organization reform, improve services to agriculture and establish an
Agricultural Credit Bank.
---.
inistry of Agriculture.
Division of
An Evaluation Economics and Statistics. of the Soundness of Farm Plannin_uneE Scheme in the the Farm DeveX2lLEPM2e Treadwa DevelopMent Area, Kingston, Pp. 42. [MOA/JAM] 1961.
Pr,S,P
156 ---
Ministry of Health. A Puial Health University of the Pra_m in Jamaca. the Vest Tndies; Cornell University [EDS/AID/JAMi Medical College, 1971.
PrS,N
A description of the !lderslie, St. Elizabeth Farish rilot rural health project. ---. Ministry of Works and Communications. utral ?eeder Public Works Department. June 19/b. qeoort Final Poads Prolect. "ippetts-Abbett-McCarthyPrepared by: Stratton Engineer and Irchitects* New Pp. 75. 4 appendices. York, N.Y. [PDS/AID/JM ]
Pr
!uch of this report is oriented to administrative and engineering detail. The size and scheduling of the projects A four-page is reported and mapped. economic and social of discussion from copy irissing benefits (appendix that inserted was evaluated. A note later). submit the contractors would Also an appendix on cost/benefit ratios of each sub-pro,@ct. ---.
office of the Prime Minister. 4ational Planning Pgency. "echnical Assistance
Bulletin. JAM]
No. II, June 1976.
?rJ
(PC/AID/
Gives the statistics (as of September 1976) of projects in Jamaica by donor, ministry co-operating, project title and objectives, duration, experts, emarks on status. training, an K3UIJEP, G.J. and NUIS, A. Feport n.Lr Evaluation of the Farm Developmnt Kingstor scheme. Lirst rlar 19S5-60. Government Printer of Jamaica, 1960.
Pr.L
[ Pi/aA)] [UWI/JMl
Farmers applying for assistance had a land capaoility drawn up and a personal extension officer. k lot of money not used. Covers costs and benefits. ,OIpE, Frrest 1.. "Technical %ssistance to Developing Countries: "he Jamaican Experierce." Paper for XIII session of the Committee on!mrovement of at1i~l1! Ftat istics, Nov.
13-21,
1977.
Fr.S-T *
157
"Evaluation of Operation ICUHARDS, G,,M. Grow in Bounslow." Unpublished undergraduate thesis.
Dept.
PC
of Geography,
University of West Indies, Mona, 1975. CGD/tIWI/JAM U.N.
DEVELOPMENT PPOJECT.
Report 2n
PreJ
2.vel_2ment Assistance to Jamaica, '976. UN Development Project, (Plso a report for 1975) June 1977. M] CPO/AID/JA Gives Bank of Jamaica report on economy (short); has a statement on each donor's policy; then Project/ activity by source of assistance, S commit for 76, duration, nature of assistance and location.
,VITED STkTES. Agency for International Development. capital A.ssance Paper Proposal and Pecommend qtions o; the ?eview of the Development Loan Committee. Universi!Y2.of West Indies, Integrated _egional Development (?estricted) Caribbean "eqional. ( PO/AID/JAM I
ProS
Has list of research relating to rural poor in agricultural extension and agricultural economy. Describes agriculture and agricultural economics programme and relation to region. ---.
Intetrated
---.
Pural Development
Pr .
Jamaica._Pronosed Project for Pind;as TWatersheds. ver AuS1&1t_.._1 9 7 7.
(PDS/XID/JAM
Pp.
60 and annexes.
1
This AID project loan to the Government of Jamaica is designed to support progr3ms which will hplp improve the standard of This project living for hillside farmers. integrates with an earlier program to create terraces and other conservation eport technioues in this same region. involves analysis of agricultural sector in the area. ---
-.
Jamaica
-ntesrated
r
DevelopmIent Pro-ject. Project Paper (unclassified), proposal and recommendations for the Review of the Development Loan Committee. Sept. 1U,
Pr,
158 1977. Pp. 68 and annexes A-V. [ P D /A I V/JAll I Contains 5 pages of background section* 30 pages of program description, a program analysis and an evaluationimplementation plan. Among the annexes is an economic evaluation of small farms, a description of agricultural credit and farm organizations, a 7-page agricultural marketing discussion, a crop analysis, sociological analysis. ---.
Jamaica - Pural Feeder oads Loan Proposal and Recommendations* Capital AID-DLC/P. 978 Assistance Paper. ----
(unclassified),
7 appendices.
June 1971.
Pp.
PC
52 +
C?DS/AID/JAM I
Includes a description of the program, need for roads and a project analysis. VIRLD BANK. Population Projects Department. Appraisal of a Second Population Project, Jamaica. Deport No. 10Ob-Jm, May 26, Pp. 25 (Pestricted Circulation) 1976. r[O/AID/JAM] + 214 annexes. An evaluation and description of population and nutrition programs in Jamaica. Includes data on location of facilities. costs of operation.
FrJ
159 PGOICULTUPE:
COMMODITIES
ABBOTT# George C. #$Stabilization Policies in the West Indies Sugar Industry." Caribbean Quarterl! 9, No. 1/2 (1963): rryz/isEP 53-F6.
Con
Describes Commonwealth sugar agreement and effect on pricing and production.
"The West Zndian Sugar Industry h--.
CJP
with Some Long-Term Projections of Supply."
Social and Economic Studies
13, No. 1 ('arch 19FI4):
1-37.
[1OA/JAM;
UWI/ISEP ] Describes acreage changes,
yields,
factory efficiency of each island. Projects output from past trends and from likely acreage, yield, efficiency changes and gets 'technically feaqible' Does not include detailed production. cost and has optimistic attitude to export market and comparative costs. kLEXA1IDEP, J. "The Rope Industry in May Pen." Unpublished undergraduate thesis. Dept. of Geography, University of West Indies, Mona, 1973. [GD/WI/JA1]
C
Dean. Survey of and B.OWN, John W.Industry ALGEO, iJi Kingston: of the Cattle Sugar Fanufacturing Associations, 19F8. 17 pp. [NOA/JAM: 636.2]
C
ALL ISLAND JA.MAICA CAHE FAPMERS' ASSOCIPTION. Annual Peport. Kingston, Jamaica. (MOA/JA4]
C n
Gives cane ueliveries per factory, basis for final payments (estates versus farmers), factory time accounts and efficiency. Gives a graph of cost of production out no tables or data sources. APTHUP, Henry B.; HCtJEK, James P. ; and l gEiBECFOPD, George L. T"ro busless?tructures and '.%U'ustments-Bananas. Boston: Division of Research, Graduate School of Pusiness administration, Harvard University, 1968, XI. 210 pp. ([AL: HD 9259.B2A7] [MOA/JAM] A descriptive analysis of factors that affect Derformance of international
C,0
1bu'
banana industry.
Has sections describing
Jamaican industry. some of comparative data useful, but no real cost data
provided. ASSOCIATInN OF CAPIBBEPN rNIVERSITIES AND Proceedings of RESEAPCH IP.TITUTES. _ultural the Seminar/orksho. on_rt Develpmnent in the Caribbean Maturin, St. leelzue1a, March 12-15, 1972.
COPr
Augustine, Trinidad: University of the West Indies, Dept. of crop Science, 1972. ix + 273 pp. nbjectives of this seminar were: (1) to determine the current statis, aspirations and problems associated with horticultural development in the region; (2) to explore the measures reouired to solve the problems, review the work in progress and define what additional efforts are needed; and (3) to suggest the best means for pooling facilities and co-ordinating efforts for the benefit of the entire Caribbean region. Packground papers were given in all areas covered by the regior. Problem areas papers covered technical and economic These included storage problems. and transport of fruit and vegetables in the Rest Indies (k.F. Thomoson) aspects of fruit marketing in Venezuela (M. t.illan Farinas) ; agricultural extension problems of horticultural development in the Caribbean (T.H. Henderson)
"A Geographical ;ppraisal of -HAMBFFS, D.D. Unpublished Poultry Farming in Jamaica." Dept. of Geography, undergraduate thesis. Mona, 197A. Indies, University of West
C
"Cocoa in Jamaica--A GeoCOLQUHOUN, H.B. graphical Review." Unpublished undergraduate thesis. Dept. of Geography, University of West Indies, Mona, 1971.
C
[ GD/'VWI/JAM I
(GD/"WI/JAMI
COMITAF, tambros. "Fishermen and co-operation in Fural Jamaica." ,npublished Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University, 19(2. CROPPE?, J. and ATSU, of .Pik_
The conomiqc S.Y. Dept. amaica. J ioduction
CD
Cos
161
of Agricultural Economics, University of West Indies, St. Augustine noctober 1969. Appendix, tables, 38 pp. [PDS/AID/JP.lJ Discusses factors which affect the profitability of dairying in Jamaica and then compares various alternative systems. An island-wide survey of dairy farms showed that the higher rain and mountain areas have a production advantage over irrigated areas. New settlement farms were found to be successful. Overall success was related to management practice and less to farm size or capitalization. CURPER, G.F. "Labour Demand and Supply in the Jamaican Sugar Industry, 1830-1950." Social and Economic Studies 2, No. 4 (March 1954): 37-103. (BOA/JAM; UWI/IS!.']
C',S
Detailed historical discussion of sugar industry.
DAVENPOOT, N.C. "A Comparative Study of Two Jamaican Fishing Communities." Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Yale University. 1956.
CoS
DAVID, J.M. "The Sugar and Banana Industries of Jamaica." Unpublished M.A. thesis, University of London, 1956.
con
DEVEWDrA, C. "Goat Production in the Caribbean." British Goat Society Year ook (1972): 4F-49.
C
---.
"Management of Goats in Jamaica."
Cribbean Farmian
30-31.
CT
2, No. 4 (Oct/Dec 1970):
[MCA/JAM]
Material for extension purposes. Suggests methods to prevent problems of overgrazirg. DREHEP, Melanie. "Working Men and Ganja: Communalities and Variations in .ural Jamaican Communitips." Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia ttniversity, 1977. Examines and compares behaviour and values associated with cannabis in three rural communities in Jamaica. Use occurs as part of socioeconomic
CSR
162
structure of communities, is rostly
carried out by males, and can occur in work-settings. Cultivaton distribution and consumption are described. DUPKLEY, Dorothy. "Dairy Industry in Jamaica." Unpublished undergraduate thesis. Dept. of Geography, University of West Indies, Mona, 1975. [GD/UVI/JIM
C
DUNN* C.L. "An Interim Economic %ppraisal of the New Medium-Sized Dairy Farm Project in Jamaica." In Fifth Annual Economics pril 1970. Indian haricultural Vest pomi~nica,, Co nference._!1oseau, St. Augustine, Trinidad: University of
C,?
Vest Indies, Dept. of Agricultural ( 10A/J AM] Economics, 1970.
?xplains ,S'ID funded project to tt,-i;t and set up medium-sized dairy farms. Provides appraisal of cost, returns and problems of first 17 farmers settled. EATON, George. "Canada--Sugar and the Caribbean Commonwealth Caribbean." 72-86. (1972): 1 puarterlv 18, No. (t1WI/ISEP I
Cer
Looks at issue of Canada's being asked
to take West Indies sugar at higher prices.
"Rn EDWXPDS, D.T. and C?OPPFF-, J. Economic View of the Development of New Production Systems." I..Proceedings on f theInternAtional Smposium 8 .kvril 1967. Tropical toot g.ops.,_2" St. Augustine, Trinidad: University of Vest Indies, 1967. [!WI/1SE91 Suggests that for root crops unnecessary practices should be eliminated, and excess inputs reduced, less costly rethpds used. Yields could be increased by hanges in variety, planting in oimal seasons, disease and decreased damage in harvesting. Increased prices could be obtained for better varieties and higher quality, more lucrative outlets and better timing.
rllustrates
with examples from Texaco Food Crops demonstration farms in Trinidad (these are mechanized)•
?VANS, F.
"Pi3hing in .)ld Harbour."
C
163 Unpublished undergraduate thesis. Dept. of Geography, University of West Indies,
Mona, 197u.
[GD/UWI/JAMI
FOOD AND AGRICULTUPE ORGANIZATTON. International Scheme for the Co-ordination of Dairy Developent. Final Peport, Jamaica. FAO, Rome, June 1976. 33 pp. [.DS/AID/JAM ]
Cos
The body of the report gives recommendations for production, health, marketing, research, institutions, and provides prospects for demand and price policy. A 10-page appendix gives a detailed account of the present situation of the industry covering numbers, disease, feed, techniques, milk market, prices economics of production and marketing. In 1974--80 percent milk imported.
,00C
About
farms have
covs but bulk of commercial milk from 200 farms with an average 35 cows. FOOD AND P.GRICULTUPE ORGANIZXTION/I!ITEFAMERICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK COOPEPATIVEof PPOGRAMME. Jamaica, Identification Fishery-Development Project, Vol. I .0ain lepot.),
Vol. _1
CfPr
(Annexes).
Report No. 5/77 Jamaica 3, April 1977. (Vol. I) (Circulation Restricted) [?DS/AID/JF.; pp. 95 pp., (Vol. II) 1U8 ON DPJA P.I
Comprehensive study of all aspects of present and potential fisheries development. Emphasis is on marine fisheries. Discussion of marketing included. FOOD AND AG?ICULTUP? OFGAI;ZATION/U.N. PROJECT. Caribtean DEVELOPMENT Fisheries Fish Delo mnatprojtct Jamaica. Pome, 1971 eve!o3_S12.L.n
CPr
(UNDP/JAM ] ---
m en Caribbean Fish-Develop
ProlctCaribban Fish indusy1960-7. Tech. Feport F. Fome, 1972. ['INDP/JA1]
of FPANS, P.D. ,,4echanized Harvesting and Sugarcare. ' Technicil, Economic Social Ippraisal."
(Diploma thesis,
University of West Indies, unpublished), ,bihliogranhy and May 1998. 52 pp. rrlwI/ISE-: seven appendices. 8 HD91CC-F (pamphlet) ]
C
C,
16(4
Peviews experiences with mechanized
harvesting in other world regions. Discusses technical problems of field Includes social and mill management. and economic problems based on a survey of workers. Various alternatives are detailed as to costs and efficiency. FRASEP,
H. Aubrey.
"The law and Cannibis in
C,P
the West Indies." SociAl and Economic Studies 23, Mo. 3 (September 1974): 361-385. [ bA/JAM; UWI/ISER]
Most of article discusses specific laws and cmses by country but includes a section on cannabis in Jamaica which states that it is considered a profitable agricultural crop allowing two crops per year, especially for small farmers. Jamaica also has traditional and endemic use of the plant. ConGAVEL, Douglas "The Experience of Major of SoyProduction straints on the Commercial Tenth beans in Jamaica" proceedin s of the ConfeenceL West Indies Agqricultural Economics St. Augustine, uyana, 125. Georetown DepartTrinidad: University of West Indies, pp. 2Iment of Agricultural Economics, 1975. 248. reGives an overview of production, costs, Jamaica. in search, imports etc. of soyabeans of Sugar GIRWAP, S.N. "The Role and ?uturein the Light Caribbean in the Commonwealth of Pritain's Entry into the EEC." Proceedinof_Eiqhth West iflanAricu! t1ural Ecoromics ConferenceA_Port-offSPain,
Tjn_da1d, April 1-7, Trinidad: 1973.
1973.
St.
University of West
Augustine,
Indies,
Analysis is made of the world sugarprodusituation affecting the Caribbean Sugar markets are analyzed: (a) cers. negotia'ed price quota, (b) U.S. quota. and The UK and EEC systems are discussed to offered compared. The Assurances the Caribbean producers are examined (3russels formula, to Lancaster House declaration, Protocol 22), and anxieties into FEr arising out of Britain's entry Fxamination of the alterdiscussed. natives open to the Caribbean sugar
CP
coJ,"
1 65 industry indicates that at present the
Commonwealth Caribbean countries are so heavily committed to sugar production, in tnrms of both men and materials, that any disruption of market outlets can cause severe economic and social dislocation. G.tFFI1HS6 N.
"Lethal Yellowing Disease in
C
Coconut-Spatial Patterns and Pepercussions on the Local Consumption Market." Unpublished undergraduate thesis. Dept. of Geograohy, University of West indies, Mona, 1975. (GD/UWI/JAM ]
HAGELBEPG, G.B.
e
aribbean Sugar Indus-
CJ,
Constraints and Opportunities. tries: Occasional Papers 1o. 3. New Haven,
Connecticut: Antilles Pesearch Program, Yale ,niversity, 1974. 173 pp. This study discusses the changing character of the plantation, the possibilities of further intensification of land use with sugar versus other food crops in the Commonwealth Caribbean. Potential for technological change in processing is also covered. Sugar statistics are reviewed, and trends in costs of production, factor use and productivity analyzed. Commonwealth Caribbean does not now have lower costs than competitors.
HANNEFTON, J.L. "The Future of Soybean :aJanus 4, No. in the Caribbean." ([IO/JAM] 5-6 (1973): 303-308.
C
Experimental results in Jamaica satisfactory (1.5 ton/acre) but farm production costs/yields not available. ---
,'"ajanus Cajan, the Pidgeon or Gungo Pea." Cajanus 4, No.
,
and PIE.?E, R.E.
2 (1971): 81-88.
[F"'P/J A']
Peports results of varietal research, and gives recommended practices for Jamaica. HIPT, Ansell. "The Panana in Jamaica: Export 3, Trade." Social and Economic Studies 9 . [IOA/JAkM No. 2 (September 195WF22-22 UWI/ISF?] Gives historical background of trade and exports, 1910-1953.
cm
166
IN.IS, D.Q. "Peasant Farming: Banana Intercropifing in Jamaica." U.cee_nds-
Cos f
the -AssociaionL of A.mercan_2e22qraphers. 111-117. 5, (1973) :
An analysis of banana production in Jamaica shows the sophistication with which local cultivators adapt plant combinations to local conditions. Inter-cropping is the most efficient way of production for peasant farmers.
JAMAICA. L
Cocoa Industry Board.
...
Kingston.
[MOA/JA
AnnuaX
C,.1,T
I
Covers data on production, prices, operation of fermentation units, rehabilitation program, and details of research. ---.
Annul§
Board. Coffee ( Industry MoA/JA ]
Lepop_9lt.
C,
Provides data on production prices,
expansion efforts, etc. ---.
---.
Forest Department. (MOA/JAM] Kingston.
Annual Report
Sugar Industry Authority. Jamaica (Quarterly) [ 4OA/JAf] Sugar Digest.
C C
Provides crop production reports by estate. This is an estates publication. the JAMAICA, Government of. ZePort of S.gar Commission.of Enquiry _n Kingston, _j dutry_.f Jamaica. January 1960. 93 pp. [tOP./JA4: 664. 1 (729.2) 1
Cri
Covers production marketing quotas and constraints, the sugar law, organization, labor (conditions, productivity, etc.), unions, etc. Has financial results for 1954-q8. The report describes industry at that point in time, and includes a great deal of data (of historical
value).
There is
some evaluation,
mostly on wage stability. .-
Re~ 2 rt o-. the FuQar Indutry Kingston, Enuruijgommission citj. October 1967.
229 pp.
(!OA/JAM]
C
167
As for previous report, has a lot of
inforvation on structure of industry,
breakdown by size, costs, problems, at that point in time. General tenor is worry over 'high cost' Jamaican production and the factors affecting it. JORNSON, John. "The Cereal Industry of Jamaica; Scope and Programmes". Proceedings E q= of the Tenth West Indies_ ricultual n a, nMmics Conference, Georgetown G__..Xa 1975. St. hugustine, Trinidad: Department of Agricultural Tconomics and Farm Management, 1975.
COP
Pp. 46-54.
Lists production data for corn, rice and sorghum and otlines briefly the programs for their development. JUHL, F. "Fishery Fesources of the Caribbean and Their Potential." In Microbial Safety of Fishery Products, CHICHESTEF, C.O., comp., (1973): 25-40. (NAL ?A602.F5Cc]
C
KP4USZ, J.P. Competijion among the Poot Md _gereal Staples in T.Trical--ir i cultural -Development. Cornell Agricultural Economics Staff Paper. Department of Agricultural Economics. Cornell riniversity, 1974. No. 74-12.
Cres
21 pp.
The )otentials for increasing food production of the staple tropical cereals (rice, maize, sorghum, millet) are compared with those of the tropical root crops (cassave, sweet potato, yam, coc-yam, Irish potato), with special reference to those areas where the two staple food groups are in competition. Central West hfrica (Ghana and Nigeria) and the Caribbean (Trinidad and Jamaica) were chosen as areas of investigation. The root crops tend to have slightly higher calorie yields per unit area per unit of time, and a higher untapped improved breeding potential. With few exceptions, the root crops also have lower production costs, but the importance of this is largely related to farmers' returns which vary with the region under study. With increased income, root crops become less nreferred, although the increase in
1o0
urbanization perpetuates considerable demand for the generally low cost root crops. tereals are superior as regards storage and transport, although attempts at reducing the bulkiness of root crops
and increasing their storageability by processing and drying increase their Alleged competition with cereals. are content differences in protein
greatly reduced if protein composition is viewed in terms of calories instead of weight.
K,7NDU, A. "Pice in the British Caribbean Islands and British Guiana, 1950-1975." Social and Economic Studies 13, No. 2 (MOA/JAM] (June 196,) : 243-281. Provides a short description of rice industry in each territory, including the 4,gO n acres in 1960 in Jamaica. British Guiana at that time had monopoly on exports to other islands. Pough demand and supply orojections are made. LAWSON, Stanley. "Jamaica's Sugar Industry: An Inquiry into the Social and Economic Pepercussions of a Declining Industry." Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis. New York Xerox. [UWI/WIC: University, 1971. HD 911j.J3L3]
Ces
LFSLIE, Kenneth A. "The Signilicance of In Poot Crops in the Tropics." Proceedings of the International Symposium on Tropical 1oot Crops, Vol. 2. St. Augustine, April 2=2L. 1967. of the West University Trinidad: [ UWI/ISE? I Indies, 1967.
%,e
Looks at area, role in GNP, etc., for countries including those in Commonwealth raribbean. McCALMON, J.C.E. "Prospects for intra-regional s _Poeedn s Trade in rish and Fish Products" of the Tenth West Indies-Agricultural Economics ConferenceGeoretow n.Guyana, 1975. St. ?ugustine, Trinidad: University of West Indies, Deoartment of Agricultural EconomPp. 112-123. ics, 1975.
CmJ
McDONALD, V. ,,Innovation: The Basis for a Programme of Rationalization of Caribbean Agriculture (with srecial reference to the
CJT
169 Ligh pijoceedins of_-the Livestock Sector)" et._ Indies Agricultural Eco!omcs-gflla- L P.otf-'.ain. Trinidad,, 1973. St. Augustine, Trinidad: University of West Indies, Department of Agricultural Economics, 1973. Pp. 9S106. FcDOVEIL, L.P.; CONPAD, J.E.; et a_.. orican Tables of Feed .o.p9i" atin tion. Galnesville, Fla.: University xxvili + 51)9 pp. + Gof Florida* 1974. 1; pp.
C,T
This publication is a combined effort by 28 countries in Central and South America and the Caribbean, the Universities of Florida and Utah and the United States Ag.ncy for international Development. The tables give all analytical and calculated values. Seeds are presented alphabetically by their scientific names. There does not seem to be any indication of the local names of the crops included. Instructior on how to use the tables occupy 6 pages. McFALANE, Dennis. "The Future of the Banana Industry in +he west Indies: An Assessment of Supply Prospects for 1965 and 1975." Social and Economic Studies 13, No. 1 (March 196U): 38-93. [O/JA.; UWI/ISE.Has sections on resource allocation and distribution; disposal and orices; institutional framework; technical problems and practices; the internal and international markets. Available data by country (including Jamaica) is described. Supply projections to 196 and 1975 are made. Foundations for Future Pro-,the daction and Export of west Indian Citrus." Social ard Fconomic Stud_!es 13, No. 1 (March 196a): 118-156. f MOA/JA" ; uwIII-! I Has sections on resource allocation and distribution, capital availability and economic structure, institutional framework: disposal and prices and the international market, using available data to 1964 for each country including Jamaica.
CeJ,K
170 "Banana Industry in Upper I. Clarendon." Unpublished undergraduate
NcLEOD,
C
thesis. Dept. of Geography, University [GD/UVI/JAM] of West Indies, Mona, 1977. MAHADEVRN, P.; WELLiNGtON, K.E.; and RnCHE,
C87
nATERS, J.M. "Some Aspects of the Rationalization and Livestock Development in the CommonProceedings of the Eighth wealth Caribbean" Conference Went Indies Agricultural Economics 7 1. Pp. 71-77. Port-ofSpain, TrinLdadL19
C,J*Pl
MITCHELL, H.W. "A Study Tour of Coffee Producing Countries. Part V-Guatemala. _enya Coffee 39, Part VI-Jamaica."
C
K.L. PAn Evaluation of Jamaica Hope Bulls." Journal ofAriculturAl acience (London) 74, No. 3 (June 1970): 473-U76.
No.
460
(197U):
Information is
19-201.
presented on the climato
and soils, cult'Aral methods and coffee processing and quality in these countries, with additional notes on crop diversificatior, and studies on coffee by-products ir Guaterala.
0i1RPHY, T. "A Way Out of the Sugar Doldrums?" West Indies Chronicle 87, No. 1497 (1972) : U07-410.
C.J
The problems confronting Caribbean sugar cane farmers are explored. Suggests modern technology needs to be utilized, experimental stations and extension services, better distribution and processing methods should be utilized. .ecommends reduced labour per unit of production. NESTEL, B.L. "A Study, Based Partly on Business mnalysis, of Some Factors Influencing Animal Production on a Group of Beef Farms in Jamaica." Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of London, 1964. Bananas: A Stu1y2f the Crisis in the Jamaican lodon, UK, Third Banana Industry. Pp. 7. 1971. Publications, World
WORTH LONDON HASLEMVEE GFOUP.
The bulk of world trade in bananas is controlled by the Standard Fruit and Steamship Company and the United Fruit
C
Com
171 Company of America, of which the Fyffes The ?yffes group is a UK subsidiary. group markets 77 percent of Jamaica's bananas, the =est being shipped by the
locally-aimed Jamaica Producers' Company. The particular weakness of the banana producers' position is due to the fact that the marketing of bananas is necessarily a highly integrated operation. It is suggested that the producing countries should nationalize their banana production and corporately set up the machinery to market their crop on the international market.
Suam ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES. av-Product Utilization in Jamaica.
Cofl
Vol. I: _Pulp and Paper.Land-nimal Vol. 11; Alcohol 1977 and 1978 Feeds; [ RDS/AID/J AM ] Provides an assessment of the technoeconomic potential for utilization of sugar by-products to produce useable products. A detailed and specific analysis of projected benefits and costs of each alternative is set out.
OSUJI, Paschal. "The Utilization of Agricultural Products for the Livestock Industry in the Caribbean" Proceedings of the
CTri
Tenh__------Aies Agricultural Economics St. Conference Georgetown. GuyanaL 1975.
Augustine, Trinidad: gniversity of West Indies, Department of Agricultural Economics, 197S. pp. 197-217.
Potential PARK, V.L.; and PAFK, F.L. SheepEnterand Goat Returns from prises. St. Croix, U.-. Virgin Virgin Islands Agricultural Islands: Experiment Station, Report No. 7, 13 pp. 197U. This report describes four simulated bench mark farms for the production of goat meat and mutton on a small Capital requirements, scale. including land and animals, would range frcm $331 to $38E per adult animal, depending upon circumstances. Land can be leased for 320 per acre
per year. The average return for family labour for a 21 acre goat or sheep operation is estimated at $2.01 and $1.55 per hour, respectively.
C,J
172 The hourly rate of return to labour on a 5 acre operation is slightly less. At prevailing lease rates for land, family-oriented goat and sheep operations can be profitable as supplemental family enterprises and provide employment of older children ani homemakers. PIeSAUD, F. "arket Prospects for Commonwealth Caribbean Sugar in the EEC" Lroceedings of the Eighth West Indies grijulgal Economics Conference -2 rt-o _Spain. Trinid, St. Augustines, Trinidad, Department 1973. of Agricultural Economics, 1973. "Problems of the Commonwealth Caribbean
coJ
CO
Sugar Industry." Vest Indies Chronicles# 9-11 (Jan 1970): 9-11. Comment on problems of sugar industry and need to reduce costs by either subsidized wages or mechanization. PHILLIPS, W.J. "Some Interpretations of Banana Statistics Relating to the EEC Barkets and the Ccmmonwealth Caribbean In Proceedinqs_of Eighth Industry." Economics West Indian Agricutural Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, of_ere.* April 1-7, 1973. St. Augustine, Trinidad: University of the West Indies, 1973. (rWI/ISEP ]
C
The study has some comments on, and interpretation of., the available data in relation to Commonwealth Caribbean bananas. Tables cover such aspects as: production conditions and structure and productive capacity; costs and cost competitiveness and possible repercussions on the Commonwealth Caribbean industry of factors such as market shares and market structure within the EEC, given a. assumed relatively more open situation than that which prevailed in the UK. O!ANKIN?, Lloyd B. "Some Fconomic Aspects of Boot-CroF Production in Jamaica. Frocee4jnqsof the Twelfth Annual Meetin_of the Caribbean Food Crop Society, 197U: 1-U.
C
FEES, Ann. "Some Economic Aspects of Poot In Proceedings of Crop Production." on Tropical Symoosium the Interrational Vol. 2. 1967. 2-8. April Root Crovs of Utniversity Trinidad: St. Augustine,
C,J
173 West indies, 1967.
[UVI/ISPE]
Provides some comparative production costs in the Caribbean. kn Outline--of BRD.IGUEZ, D.g. Bananas: Production-and the Fconoinic History-of .Trade with Special Peference to Jamaica. Kingston: Dept. of Agriculture, Jamaica. CommoditY Bulletin No. 1, 1955. 69 pp. (M.CA/JAM] Historical account of bananas-production, marketing, exports to 1954. U toi.s A Short Economic _ 2eL •--*
CT
Cem
with-Special Reference to Jamaica. Kingston, Ministry of Agriculture and Lands, 196, Commodity Bulletin 2. 77 pp. [MOA/JAM] Covers history of coffee production in Jamaica, some discussion of factors affecting the industry, a summary of results of 1953 coffee farm survey, prices, and exports to 1959. ---
Pimento: A Short Economic HistorY. Kingston: Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, 1969, Commodity Bulletin 3. 52 pp. (MOP/JAn]
con
Describes plant and its method of production, pests, etc. acreage and number of farms, marketing, production, prices and exports (estimates from 1691). -
Ginqer.
iShort
Economic HistoRy
Jamaica: Commodity Bulletin, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, 1971. lo. U. 3F pp. (MCA/JAM] Ginger is the oldest crop in continuous production in JamaicA and is also an export crop of some importance. In the group of soices produced locally it ranks second to pimento, and provides an important source of income for the small farmers who are engaged in its production. Much of the crop is grown in areas of the Christiana Area Land Authority which have suitable soil and climatic conditions. SHGIL, S.M. "Maize in Jamaica: Present Status and Future Possibilities." In
C
174 eeditigs of the CaribbeanFoeod Crops ZL Sc gJj 37, (1969) : 35 7-36P.
Average yields of maize in Jamaica are about 12-15 bu/ac; a few progressive small farmers produce about 30 bu/ac and large growers produce about 60-65 bu/ac. Recommended cultural practices for maize production in Jamaica are outlined. SH
INGFOPD, John Davison. "Financial Potential and welfare Implications of Sugar Cane Harvest mechanization on Jamaican Plantations." Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Cornell* 1974. 263 pp. Bibliography. [UWI/WIC:
CTS
HD 9114.J355] SIMMS, Errol A.
"An Economic .nalysis of
Factors Affecting Root Crop Production unpublished M.Sc. thesis, University of West indies, Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management, 1975. Analyses factors affecting root crops between 1959 and 1972, using two periods - 1959-1969 and 1970 to 1972. Using supply response models estimates elasticity of output with1.83 respect to price (lagged) ranged between for yams to 3.942 for dasheen.
of ST'N E, Carl. "Sociopolitical. Aspects on Essays In the Sugar Co-operatives." AGGEYH. a Power and Change BROWN and Carl STONE (eds.), Kingston: Jamaica publishing House, 1977. Peport on survey of
CSCOE,.s
40 members of ten
co-op sugar farms, with questionnaire %ttempted to given M.arch-April 1976. get information on awareness, and participation; on support of new worker/ management roles, and on values related in to democratic management; interest profits, efficiency, etc. Results varied between farms, though a majorityin wanted short-run gains (i.e. were not favor of re-investment, etc.) and wanted to keep union as well as co-op membership.
SWEET, Robert D. Commercial Vegetable (Mimeo) Jan. 1966. Project-jamaica. 14 pp. (AID Peference Center Jm 635
US8]
COTO"
175
LID corsultant report. Object was to evaluate feasibility of establishing pilot vegetable growing and testing station on good alluvial soil.
THOMAS, Clive Y. "Coffee Production in Jamaica." Social and Economic Studies 13, No. 1 (flarch 1964) : 188-217. [MOA/JAM; UWI/ISE.]
COP
Provides a history of production in Jamaica, a description of current production practices and trends in plantings. Provides information by parish on coffee acreage from 1953 survey. Estimates productivity and yields at farm in processing. ---.
"Projections of Cocoa Output in Grenada, Trinidad and Jamaica, 1960-75." Economic Studies 13, No. I &cial (March 1964): 94-117. [MOA/JAM; IWI/ISEP]
C,J,'I
Includes fairly short description of Jamaican production, marketing, etc.
THOMAS, O.A. "Some Problems of rasture Management in the Development of the Livestock industry in Jamaica". Proceedingsof the Zenh West Indies AqrigultuKa1 Economics Conference, Georgetown, Guyana, 197-. St. Augustine, Trinidad: University of West Indies, Department of Agricultural Economics, 1975. Pp. 164-179.
C,.
A good overview of technical and economic factors in the cattle industry. TITUS, W. "The Tobacco Industry in Jamaica." Unpublished undergraduate thesis. Dept. of -eography, University of West Indies, Iona, 1973. (GD/TIWI/JAM] VICKPY, Deborah; VICK-PY., James; and nt _ensielVece_ta KET ?PING, Merlyn. Gardening for Profit and Self-Sufficiencv. U.S. Peace Corps Program and Training Journal, "eprint Series No. 2 , March 1978, Washington, 1r9 pp. [RDS/AID/JAM] Written by Jamaica volunteers and specific to Peace Corps experience in Jamaica. Basically a how-to-do-it on community self-help in vegetable gardening. Contains
COT
176 much layman simplifie nology.
agricultural tech-
VILLAS SALOS, .A.B. "rl inventario forestal nacional de Jamaica: metodologias y 1Uv resultados." Mexico.._sus b9u No. 2 (Mar/Abril 197): 11a17.
COT
WALKEI, A. "Auro-Induetry in Development-Case of the Pig Industry." Unpublished undergraduate thesis. Dept. of Geography@ University of West Indies, Mona, 1975.
C
WELLINGTON, K.E.; MIAH)DEVAW, P.; and ROICHE, K.t. "Production Characterof istics of the Jamaica Hope Breed q ri Dairy Cattle." J1urnaLA_A culturl Science 7U, '1o. 3 (June 1970) : 63-68.
Cr.
WILLIAMS, Pandolph L. "Jamaican Coffee An Exploratory Supply, 1953-1968. Study." Social and Economic Studies 1972} • 90-103. No. I (March[MCA/JA;; UWI/IS!E-R] 21, Bibliography.
C,.
Provides summarized description of industry, but major portion develops supply model and estimates using time series data. Coffee output in one year is considered a function of potential to produce in the year (flow of capital services or number of bearing coffee trees) and the in intensity of production (measured in labor time applied) . This results a formulation of supply as a function of coffee price (lagged) , wage rates, and prices of substitutes and complements. Estimates gave significant positive response to own price a lagged and cocoa price lagged, and negative effect of banana prices. Wages were significant with expected negative sign. ---.
The
Coffee
Industry of Jamaica.
Institute of Social and Economic pesearch, University of West Indies* 1975. (?DS/.ID/JAM] (OA/JAM] Fesearch carried out in 1970-72 for dissertation at Columbia. Covers development and structure of production and marketing since worldrecent (Note that there is no War II.
CO
177 full survey on coffee).
Estimates a
supply function for Jamaican coffee with elasticity of .82 on quantity supplied and crossorice elasticity for cacao of .28. Discusses processing of coffee, looks at question of economics of scale and evaluates performance of the Coffee Board and the industry. ---.
"The Growth,
Structure and
C,"
Performance of the Coffee Industry in Jamaica." Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University, 1973. Study includes all growers registered with Coffee Industry Board, and all processirg plants administered by Board. Excludes growers of Blue Mountain coffee who account for a negligible proportion of output, and manufacturers of instant coffee. Analysis in study reported in Williams Conclusions are: (1972) and (1975). consistent profit are a) coffee growers maximizers, b) quality responds positively to price differentials, c) long run average cost estimates for processing suggest rational resource allocate on and economics of scale, d) investment in plant etc. by Board consistent with long-run average cost minimization, d) policy has contributed to national savings, to extent that constrained income and foreign exchange objectives.
WINTE.RS, Harold F. and MISKIMEN, George W. Veetable Gardening in the Caribbean Agricultural Resedrch Service, Area. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agriculture Pp. 1967. No. 323, August Handbook ] [?DS/AID/JAM Bibliography. 114.
C .7
A how-to-do-it from terracing and crop variety to insect pest control. WOPLD BANK. Suqai. Rehabilitation Drolect, Jamaica zStaff jppraisal Report. Report No. 1732a-Jin, Jan. 19, 1978, 78-pp. + 2 annexes. CPDS/) ID/JA M] Contains an overview of the agriculture sector performance, policy and program. The sugar industry is reported in
detail - physical, historical, political,
technical and social aspects.
C
178
AGFICULTURE: NUTRITION
ALDEIRAN, M. and D'SCUZA, A. "Improvement of Young Child Nutrition in Hanover Parish." Calus 8, No. 3 (1975): 203-20'4. Reports expansion of Elderslie nutrition programme to all children in Local health aids identify oarish. malrourished and help family improve Malutilization of available foods. dropped have to nutrition reported 60 percent. ,"Heights nd Weights ASHCPOFT, M.'. 9A a.. of Adults in Rural ani Urban Areas of Brlitish Journal af Preventive Jamaica." SociL_.edicine 20, (1966) : 22-26. ---.
"Heights and Weights of Infants and
N
N
Children in a Pural Community of Jamaica." o. 3 11, JournAlof Tropic al e (1965): 56-68.
Heights and weights of about 1,000 children up to 9 years old were measured. Growth curves for males and females compared. were Overt signs of disease or malnutrition rare. "An Investigation of Very Low ASHWO.RTH, Ann. Caloric Intakes Reported in Jamaica." 3 Rrnal of !Ltrition 22, No. Filsah 341-55. (1965)}:
N
(10) Detailed analysis of very small sample giving heights, weight, caloric intakes. nitrogen balances, changes in body weight, metabolic rates and energy costs of difEvaluation concludes ferent activities. about that Jamaicans can live and uork on 70 percent of FAO caloric standard. and PICOU, D. Hut ritional Status in Jamaica. University of West Indies, Tropical Metabolism Research' Centre, Plenary Paper E, h.ay 1974. ---
and WA7EPLOW,
J.C.
Iutrition in
Jamaica
1969-70. Extra-Mural Dept.,, University of the West Indies, Tropical Metabolism Pp. 103. Pesearch Unit, 1974.
N
P
179
This booklet consists of a report on
status and the food supply nutritional situation in Jamaica in 1969, which was
prepared for the Science Research Council Deals with by an expert committee. nutritional status, food supplies and the pattern of food consumption, existing schemes for nutritional improvement, present food policy, research and develop-
ment, and prevention of infantile malnutrition. Under nutritional status, recent findings are reported on vital statistics, dietary surveys and anthropometric, biochemical and clinical measurements. These are derived mainly from surveys of children. Malnutrition is implicated as a cause of death in about 30 percent of infant hospital admissions. Infant mortality rates have fallen markedly over the last twenty years in the island. The general picts'e is of malnutrition as an important problems in children aged less than 3 years. The Jamaican diet is a varied one and the main problems are fluctuations in local production caused by erratLc weather, and increases in the cost of The mair important stapie foods. in improvement schemes for nutrition of distribution the 1969 consisted of for powder free or subsidized milk infants; these were run both by government and voluntary agencies, and encountered problems of efficient distribution to those most in need.
---
;
GPAN T ,
D.;
et al.
"Value
for Money
(Energy and Protein) of Easic Foods in Jamaica, Barbados and Guyana." CaaM o. 1 (1974) : 42-47. 7, Gives prices in Jamaica for December 1973 for a list of foodstuffs, and grams of protein and calories per V, cents Prices in Barbados Jamaican currency. were similar to those in Guyana. Those in Guyana were lower.
B NTJE, Han F. 1974 Household CircuMEsacel and Infant Nalnutrition in Western Kingston: Caribbean Hanoverzjamaica. Food and Nutrition Institute (mimeo) 1974. "The Health Programme of BOYD, Phillip. the ChFIC(? Secretariat." Caanus
N
.,,
180
f
8. No.
(1975) : 370-379.
Includes general reference to nutrition. CAMPBELL. J.A. "Food Legislation in Six us 8, No. Caribbean Countries." Ca_ (1975):
2
N,P
115-127.
Jamaica's legislation is included and resources used for enforcement. - --.
Decommended Dietary Allowances for Caribbean Countries." Cajanus 7, 91o. 1 (1974) :
poi
18- 20.
Author presents FAC/WHO allowances as appropriate for Caribbean. cAiBEN FOrD AND 4nTPITION INSTIT-UTE. Caianus. Published bi-monthly in Kingston 4.n conjunction with the Pegional office of the WHO and P&HO.
P
Contains several articles, news notes and book reviews relating to food, agriculture and nutrition. A yearly index is also published. ---
Pan American Health Organization.
°
Food and Agriculture Organization of Food -Com22sition the United Nations. thenaL1ish-SPeakl02 in UsE TabI§sfo2 Kingston, Jamaica, 1974. Caribbean. pP.
---.
115.
"Strategy and Plan of Action to Combat Gasto-enteritis and malnutrition in Children under Two Years of Age." C.ajianus 7, No. 5 (1974) : 166-199.
Nei
?eports the resolutions of the 5th annual Health Minister conference. Includes short section on agricultural measures. "Nutrition and Mortality under 5 Years in the English-Speaking CaribJournal of Tropical bean Area." Pediatrics 15, (1969): 109.
.O0K,
R.
Compares mortality rates with 1966 per capita income--a quite high negative correlation. Suggests for Jamaica (where 10 percent sample of deaths, 6 months to 3 years, made in 1965) malnutrition a factor in deaths 65 percent of deaths.
N,J
181
Suggest 90 percent of those deaths between 1 and 23 months affected by malnutrition. ---.
"The Cost of Malnutrition in Jamaica. I
Ecolo qy of Food and Nutrition 1, No.
(Nov 1971): 61-66.
[:X3(41.E3]
DESAI, Patricia. "Socioeconomic and Cultural Influences on Child Growth in Rural Jamaica." Journal of Biosocial Science 2, (1970):
N
133-143. et al.
"A Five-Year Study of Infant
N
Growth in Rural Jamaica." West I.laa Medical Journal 18, No. 4 (1969): 210221. Child in clinics and those that did not attend were surveyed (229 in sample) and weights and heights measured. clinic curp was not significant. ---
; MIXLL,
W.; et al.
Extra
"The Social
WS
Background of malnutrition in Jamaica." Ca.anus 2, No. U (199) : 303-316. Anthropometric measurements made on cohort of infants in a rural area from birth to 2 years. Growth, compared to developed countries, is retaaded from 3-18 months. Comparisons were made of backgrounds in highest and lowest 10 percent. A series of factors associated with poverty were more likely to be asso-
This ciated with poor weight gain. support. fathers' of included lack
ENLOE, Cortez F., Jr. "De ShiD Da Hab do 9utrition Today 10, No. 3 (197S): eush." (PA764.U18 ]
N
Discusses breadfruit--very similar nutritionally to the potato. Two
provide 1/2 calories, 1/5 K, 1/2 riboilavin, 3/4 niacin and adequate P and vitamin C.
EYRE, 1. Klan. "How Long Can Jamaica Feed Itself?" -aJanus 3, No. 2 (1970) : 7786. Jamaica exports low cost energy and imports protein, but at that time had a surplus resulting in (net) exports. Suggests rural land utilization can aim to minimize energy-cost inputs; maximize
N
182 energy-value return on energy-cost inputs or maximize energy-value product per unit area. Suggests crops under each alternative. PONIPOF, Arlene. Percepciones culturales y trastornos nutricionales: Estudio de casos de Jamaica." B9letin-Ae la Of cina SanitarLia PanamericanaI 53, No. 2 (Febrero 1976) : 135- SO. Case-study surveys perceptions of protein-caloric malnutrition (PCM) by women who use medical services, women who do not and indigenous and trained health workers. Women who do not use medical services frequently misdiagnose and do not associate the condition witP nutritional defficiency. suggests education which augments indigenous practices. FOOD AND AGFICULTURE ORGANIZATION/U.N. eoort on Food DEVELOPMENm P.OJECT. Science ctivitieswithin the Caibbean Food and__utrition Institute,.Oct [?DS/ 92-Sep. 173.Potre. 1973. AID/JAM]
Y.3
of POSTER, Isabel. "Comparative Prices Foods in Four Caribbean Countries." Calanus 6, No. 1 (1973): 37-39.
SrJ*
Peports prices on a series of foodfor stuffs Nov. 1972 to January 1973 Jamaica, mrinidad/Tobago, Barbados and Guyana. of Protein FOX, Helen C. "Determination9elation to Their and Value of Foods Unpublished the Jamaican ?conomy." N.A. thesis, University of London, 196C. Food Colsumption in Jamaica. Jamaica: ... ;inistry of Agriculture and Lands, 1962. Economics and Statistics Division, Quoted as providing dietary evidence age that malnutrition in pre-school deficiency. Jamaica is primarily caloric age. For Protein intake increases with requirements; 6m to 6 yrs 63 percent caloricand 3-6 80 percent 1-3 yrs. 68 percent protein,
4,
'p1
protein requirement.' -;CAMPBZLU
nggdJr
V,
""surve
.. .i..:
ORRIS, JOY.* Mesd;~ Bulletin-of Science
-:esearchCouncil. Jag;Lga 8 33. Report based-on .196 1sland-wide Quo ted as suggesting.tur al adequate n calories diet moreaneacr :but quality of urban diet -superor as a. higher. proportion: of animal protein.
GRANTHAN-McG ZGOR, Sfl.;
P.; and "A Longitudinal _.Studyof E.H. -B&C Liigsto Jamaica." Growthin Znfant I. No:."3 (1972): 519Ii mn...1~11 DISAR
N
56 10' From a sample of 300 consecutive live births in Kingston, Jamaica. in March 1967, 271 infants verestudied. The birthveights of' the-children were, "par.tyVas generally- lov, teven when taken into .account f,The infants grew during' the first , exceptionally, fast but. this was not 3 months: of life, associated- with a' high"incidence of breast feedingp-an: .67 percent".were partly or wholly artificially fed at 6 weeks of age. The growth rate of .these Kingston infants was faster than that of a group of rural Jamaican infants, and the difference in weight between the rural and the urban Jamaican children was significant at 12 months of age. G1r1RI, Miguel. "Nutritional Status of Young Children in the English Speaking Caribbean." Ca3anas 10, 5 (1977): 267-281. Gives data by country on weight for age, birth weights and percentage of children admitted to hospital %ith gastroenteritis and malnutrition. Cites sources, and Jamaica data coverage for each study. and an incomaqe, are 1972 for weigh",. ft;. pllete 1968-69 sampe f?'r percent with ,. cited in this gastroenteritis a b.bliography. GtUR
"Available Data on the Y, J.M. State of Food and Futrition of the Peoples of the Commonwealth Caribbean." a anus 8, No. 3 (1975): 150-166.
?1,J
184
Presents comparative data for countries
(including Jamaica) on mortality, nutri-
tional status
weight for age and
One set food sheet, balance food from are data intake consumphousehold 1971-72 the other from tion survey data. Most important sources of energy and protein listed for low anaemia) : and food intake.
income groups, and percentage of budget spent on each food group for rural and urban families for 6 income groups. Includes bibliography. -"Available
Data on the State of Food
N,J
and Nutrition the Peoples of the Commonuaalth Caribbean", Proceedinqs of the Tenth West Indies Agricultural Economics Conference, Georqetown. Guyana, 1975. St. Augustine, Trinidad: University of West Indies, Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm 4anagement , 1975. Pp. 66-75 (NAL]. Provides comparative data on mortality, nutritional status and food intake for individual commonwealtL Caribbean countries; For Jamaica and one or uore other countries. Percentage contribution of each food grouv to energy and protein is estimated, and the percentage of the food dollar spent on each food group Ly income group. ---.
,Nutrition Facts on Staples." Calanus 6, no. U (1973): 213-216.
V,J
Points out that cereals are more concentrated sources of energy and protein than staach, fruits, tubers or roots. If wheat is partially replaced, aim must be to produce equal or lower cost composite flour. ---
"Nutritional Consideration Concerning the Staple Foods of the English-Speaking Caribbean." Ecology of Foci and 'utrition 4, No. 3 (1975) : 171-175.
4
Staple foods are wheat, rice, maize, staachy fruits, roots and tubers and to some extent sugar. Energy and protein values of each are given. Cereals contain more energy and protein than tubers. Gives balance sheet estimates of percent of energy and protein from each staple. In Jamaica 95 percent of dietary energy from cereals comes from imports. Uses
N
185 current yield estimates to determine energy and protein yield from local production. Consumer price of energy
and protein by food source indicate imported cereals still have good value for money. and COOK, .Pobert. "The Price of Groceries in the Caribbean 1972-73." Calarus 6, Fo. 1 (1973): 40-44. Develops (not on sample) @market basket' of foods (seems higher income) and compares prices for Dec. 1972 for Caribbean countries, U.S., etc.
--- ; F"X, Helen; and N-I L, J.
"1972
A Papid Survey to Assess the Nutrition of Jamaican Infants and Young Children in 197n." Transactions ofthe Po Al Societ_ of Trop2cal Medicine and Hyqiene Vol. 66, No. 4, PP. 653-662. A sample of U90 under 4 years were examined in 3 urban and 7 rural localities. Rural selected so 3 where food consumption on 19641 data was poor and 3 not so poor. Period of weight failure: 9-2u months with 25 percent average overall below standard weight. No difference between 1963-64 and 1970 data detected. Geographical breakdown showed no obvious difference in weights of 'good' and 'poor' rural areas, but urban closer to standard than rural (urban 1C-2 percent rural 20-3.1 percent exLowest malnutrition in Barbary cept case). Hill (9 percent) on remote rural area with longer breast feeding and a higher consumption of home produced beans and peanuts (i.e. village has few cash crops).
BEYVOOD. Peter. ,,lalnutrition Lowers Cane Cutters' Productivity." Calus 6, p o. 3 (1973) : 181-184.
Ns,
?eports in progress study in Jamaica with Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute and Cornell on weights, anaemia, food intake and energy expenditures. JAMAICA. Ministry of Health and Environmental Control. Catholic
N
186 omu~n itLutiltion Pelief services. Jamaica, (no date Kingston, _udies. (circa 1973)], Pp. 175. [PDS/AID/JAM]
Contains regional case studies of nutritional status, socio-economic characteristics, attitudes and cultural factors in child nutrition. JELIFFE, D.B. et al. "A Clinical Nutrition Survey in a Rural Jamaican Village." Journal of Tr 2pical Medicine and Hygiene 57, (Feb. 1954): 27-40.
W
Diets JONES, W.C. "Starchy Poots in theEroof Developing Countries." In ceedoinqf the Tnternational Svmposum 1967, on.TrR _a Poot Crops.LA~ril Trinidad: St. kugustine, Vol. 2. University of West Indies, 1967.
weir:
Suggests that with income rise, there will be a shift auay from these crops. LAND AN-BCGUES, Jacqueline. ,, astafarian (1976): Food Habits." Calanus 9, Vo. 4 228-234.
N
s
McKENZIF, H.I.; LOVEIL, H.G. et al. "Child Mortality in Jamaica." Millbank Memorial Fund..Quarterlv 3, (1967) : 303. Quoted as suggesting spatial incidence and increased incidence of protein caloric malnutrition. "Factors Associated MAPCHIONE, Thomas J. of with Malnutrition in the Children i on al in Matrit Western Jamaica." edited by !1.JEF.P)E, Anthropol, New York: .F. KAUIDEL, and G. PELTO. Winter of as Marcel Dekker (in press 1977). ---.
"Food and lutrition in self-Feliant
on National Development: The Impact Child Putrition of Jamaican Government l, No. I Policy." Medical Anth op_12-U (Winter 1977): r8-79. (.DS/AID/JP.M] selfMajor finding is that enforced price reliance related to increased in of imported food led to an increase in subsistence farming and an increase nutritional status in rural areas.
Y
NF
187
RhY, J.H. and McLELLAN, D.L. The Ecology of Nalnutr:tiointh.rSaribbeafn. jtjjMag_s Cuba. Jam_ j_..jisPa~nola _ ti and the Dominican Republic), Puerto Pico. The Lesser Antilles. and Hafner Trinidad and Tobago. Few York: U90. Pp. 1973. Press, Pre-emption of land for sugar at the expense of food crops, reliance on imported foods which cost more than the common people can afford, lack of education about food values, have all played a role in creating malnutrition. Moreover, Fuiopean or American continental wars have often cut off supplies, reinforcing dependence upon local resources that were not adequately husbanded. The traditional diet of imported cod, local beans, rice and a rich variety of fruits could have provided adequately balanced intakes, however monotonous and dreary. An examination is made of the reasons why it did not and why (as in the rest of the developing world) the populations of the Caribbean islands have continuously suffered from malnutrition. "Improving Nutrition in "OISOE, C.J. CaJanus 3, Nio. 3 (1970). Jamaica."
V
General very brief overview of nutrition ard suggested problems. nNAWALF. "Kicking the Wheat Habit." Department of Biology, University of Guyana. Ean American Health 8, No. 3 12-15. rFOO19-OU063] (1976):
9
Discusses problem of wheat which is imported. A substitute must be found which may be grown in the Caribbean and be nutritionally and socially acceptable. With the co-operation of the Pan American Health Organization, food and nutrition
policies concerning this are being developed, and promising crops are rice, cassava, sweet potato, yam, plantain or banana, dasheen and tania.
---.
"Wheat Substitution in the CARICO, legion, the Case against an Imported
Luxury." 89-96.
CaIanus 10, No. 2 (1977):
0
188 Looks at starch substitutes for wheat,
especially cassava or cassava/wheat mix. "Salt Fish and Akee." abbean_9uarjerly (Kingston) Vol. VIII, No. U (December 1962): Pp. 3-36.
PARRY, J.H.
A historical sketch of the introduction of food crops into Jamaica. REDDY, S.K. "Some Misconceptions about Nutrition which Are Common in the West Indies." Calanus 4, No. 2 (1971): 9U-102.
Useful discussion on such areas as importance of caloric intake to protein caloric malnutrition, encouragement of use of tropical dark green leafy vegetables, etc. SAMNY, G.M. "The Time to Replace Wheat by an Indigenous Carbohydrate Is Now." Cajanus 8, No. 1 (197s): 5-11. Discusses at superficial level possibilities for paatial replacement of wheat by yam flour, fortified with soy or fish protein. More technical bibliography. ST)NDPRD, K.L. "Child Nutrition in Two West Indian Islands* Jamaica and Barbados." Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, iniversity of london, 1962. et al. -I Longitudinal Study of Child Growth in a ?ural Community in Jamaica." Jouralof Biosocial science 1, (1969) : 153-76. Sample of 229 children born 1962-63 around Lawrence Tavern was used. nbservations on health, diet, and family circumstances recorded, and weight and height measue'ments taken over time. Growth impairment was common be':ve-n 3-15 months and more coninor. in boys th.n gi.rls. STOOPLER, H.; ?AYER, W.; and ALD-?.A 1, M.H. "'Prevalence and Persistence of Lactose Malabsorption among Young Jamaican Children." American Journal of ClinicalVutrition 27, No. 7 (1974) : 728-732.
I
189 AND PP.OCZEDINGS
BIBLIOGPPHIES --
--
--
--
--
--
-
--
--
ALLEYWE, Garth OG (editor) Proceedings of the "welfth West Indies A jriulturfljZcnomics d at St. John's, AntiquaL 1917. Conf2n2D~S2e,_h1 St. Augustine, Trinidad: University of West Indies, Department of Agricultural 1.conomics and Farm Managemetit, 1978. Pp. 249. (NAL]
0
The theme of the conference was 'Implementing Food Production and Marketing Programs in a Developing Tourist Economy', and sessions focused on a case-study working-document relating to an integrated production and marketing system for Antiguan agriculture. Other papers were also presented. jriulture in the Economy ANDEPSON, T. Madison: University Caribbean. S& the Tenure Center, Training Land of Wisconsin, and Methods Series No. 24, 1974. (NAL:
B,
BD107.L32 ]
A bibliography of materials dealing with the Caribbean Area in the Land Tenure Center library. Has section on Jamaica covering general, agriculture, economy, labor, politics and government and society as well as general Caribbean and British West Indies material. Entries are not annotated. BAA, Enid n.
Theses on CaribbeanTopics,
B
1778-1968. San Juan: Institute of Caribbean Studies, Pniversity of Puerto (Z1501.C33] Rico, 1970. Pp. 1U6, v. Includes E.SIMN theses and non-U.S. theses.
SIRlA, S.C. and McINTOSH, C.E. (Editors;. Proceedings of thp r.inth West Indies AgTjcultura1 EconomicsConfe.Kence j Sld at the pegasus HotelA_ ew Kingston,
Jamaica__.pril 3-6A 1971 and at the Jamaica School of Agriculture, Twickenham St. Augustine Park__Lpril 7-10 197u. Trinidad, Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management, University of the west Indies, 1974. Pp. 222. CUWI/ISE]] The main theme of the conference was
-
190 $the relationship between agriculture and other sectors with particular
reference to tLe cowpetition for resources in the Commonwealth Caribbean.'
The document contains the papers presented during the plenary sessions, summaries of the discussion on papers and the reports of the three workshop of sessions as well as a selected number contributed papers which formed the basis of workshop sessions. ----
WestB en c e GeoprjIndies Agricultural _.onomis-Cnfer Augustine, St. Vols. I -- II. town. Guana. Departindies, West of Trinidad: University Farm and Pconomics ment of Agricultural Management, 1975. [NAL]. aroceedings of theTenth
Main theme of conference was 'maximizing the ComFegional self-sufficiency in food inthe ProVolume I of monwealth Caribbean'. plenary ceedings covers opening speeches and Techfour covers II session papers. Volume the developing on nical Group session papers vegeregions cereal; root crops* fruits, and tables; fish and livestock; grain/legume other protein sources. RATHWAITF,
C.W.D.; PHELPS, .. H.; and Pro t F. D. (Editors). Cro__
BENtET, in the__Caribbea~i
BT ec t
O
ProceEdings of a
the Protection of HortiSymposium-on St. cultual Crops in the aiean. Augustine, Trinidad, University of the
1974. West Indies, Dept. of Crop Science, 9 5 1974] [NAL: SB599.$
COMMINWEAtTH RG?:CULTUPAL BUREAUX.
2.
List
POT
.esearch workers in the -. ricultural the
and in Sciences ir the Commonwealth 9 75. FarnhAm UK: 1 Repubic ofIreland vii. + 758 Pp. 197F5. Voyal, Slough,
it provides information on places where research is carried out, also individual research workers and their interests. There is
a separate chapter on Jamaica.
-A L COMMONWEAL'"H BUEAU OF AGPICULTU "The Caribbean Agricultural ECONOMICS. West Indies, Prospects: and Sit'lation nnotated BiblioCentral America." Bureau D,,:ommonwealth qrafhy_Series 5 ( 9 7 4): 'No. n__Aqricult.re Econcmics,6 2 [tlL: Z3.O7t.E3C 1 pP. 1
Pei
191
_At Labogir .;ilzalror.: CONNELL# J. Village PhyLof Annotated Biblogra Prepared for the International Studies.
BOS
Labour Office within the framework of
Brighton, the World Fmployment Programme. Studies, of Development Institute ,1K: Pp. 3P5 + University of Sussex, 1975. xv. This bibliography complements a Village
Studies Programme (VSP) report on village labour situations submitted to the International Labour organization in 1973, and attempts to list and summarize all village surveys from the Third World that are oriented to labour utilization, include information on labour utilization, and/or have particular sorts of These studies related information. therefore have beer. primarily selected for their analysis and coverage of labour input data, and are all based on fieldwerk carried out in villages. The studies are almost all of villages, which usually have (1) poFalations well under 5,00%; (2) settled rather than migrant populations; (3) a nucleated form of settlement pattern;
(U) a population
belonging to a community in the sense that most of the social, economic and political transactions are conducted within the village and other villages; and (5) ar. agricultural emphasis, in that two-thirds or more of the fimilies obtain most of their livelihood and income from agriculture. The bibliography aims to be as comprehensive as possible for studies carried out between 195n and 1973. 'The studies included in this bibliography have been arranged alphabetically by author for each country and, in the case of the Indian material, for each State. The bibliographical information is followed by a general comment on the study and the village in question drawing attention to any notable or distinctive characteristics and, more specifically, the particular sorts of information that are available on labour utilization, and the major findings or results of this analysis. CB.PPER, John (Editor)
Proceejingsof
the
Eleventh West Indies Agricultural Economics
P
192 onfje nce, .Roseau, poeinica. -April 20-24 St. Augustine, Trinidad: University 1 of Vest Zndies, Department of Agricultural Zconomics and Farm Management, 1977. 11 p. (*AL]. plenary papers and discussions related to a detailed assessment of rural development projects for the Grand Day, Dominica area. ZDWARDS, D.T. (Editor). Diversification, Import Substitution and Regional Economic Integration in West Indian Agriculture. Proceedings of the Fourth West Indian Eonomics Conference Hold ruu at the 1lniversity of the west Indi-s Cave HillL Barbados, March 23-29, 19(9. St. Augustine, Trinidad, University of the West indies, Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management, 1969.
Bes
Pp. 135 + x.
The papers given are divided into the (1) diversification; folloving headings: 2 j ) import substitution; (3) the Barbados agricultural sector; (4) the CAPIF-A agreemert and the agricultural marketing Workshop reports on (a) sugar; protocol. (b) regional policy; (c) diversification strategy: and (d) rationalization of agriculture in the Commonwealth Caribbean are also included. ----(editor). Proceedings of the Sixth -est Indies Agricultural Fconomics Con f.erence St. Augustine, 1971. Gretovn, Guana Indies, DeWest of Trinidad: 11niversity and Farm Economics partment of Agriculturil Management, 1971.
B
The conference theme was the 'Role of Marketing in Caribbean Agricultural Development'. Vorkshop groups covered agricultural cooperative marketing arrangements, the role of Marketing, and priorities for research in agricultural m&rketing. FISHEF, Herbert Harry and LOC.TELLI, Eduardo (Editors). Bibliografia parcial de investiqacion sobre talezas y su control Para America del Sur,_mer _ca Central, E1_CaribeLMeico,_942-1972. Corvallis, Oregon: international Plant Pp. 179. Protection Center, 197u. [NAL: !B613.C4F51
q*J
193 9END.ESOW, T. Abstracts of GraduateStudents' PesegUh~ in Agriculture, 1974-1976 Research Summaries No. 2. St. Augustine, Trinidad: University of Vest Indies, Department of Agricultural Ei:ension, December 1977.
BOT
Includes 2 or 3 theses specifically related to Jamaica. Abstracts of Graduate Studenl (editor). ---_._ Aricul ye_1921-1973, Research Lseg summaries Number 1. St. Augustine, Trinidad, December, 1973. Pesearch 2 §T._o S. _f7lU and Mahabir, A BP. Agriculture,92-972. 10_T!oical St. kugustine, Trinidad and To£ia9aa*y. bago: University of the West Indies, 1976. Pp. 184.
BeT
8
This bibliography contains a list, including a subject matter index of 2,573 papers published during the 50-year period 1922-1972 by the staff and students of the former Imperial College of Tropical igriculture, and the present Faculty of Agriculture of the University of the Wost Indies in rrinidad. IqTEP-AMEFICAN CENTZ? OF DOCUMENTATION )ND Indi _ agriAGPICU1LTUPAL IN?OPMATIO'l. Cajr.b_ el LatinaI America de cola (NAL: 1975): (Jan/Mar. 10, No. 1 Z5C75.L385 ]
B
JAMAICA. Ministry oi Agriculture. .P_12th _nnualieetinqof the CroRs ceedinq_f SocietyL_ aai4 Caribbean Food Jamaica, to 5th July," 197U. -no Oth1974. Society, Crops Caribbean Food
B
The MAHARAJ, D. and STP)USC, J. (Editors). Igospects for Developin 9_Aqriculture in 1he Small Carjbjean Conmonwealth Territories. The Pole of the Small-Scale ProFarmer in the :ariblean Econcm. Indian West ceedinssof the rifth EconomicsCcr._erence Held 1_. icultul 1970. at oseaupDominica. __ri 5st. Agustine, Trinidad: University of the West Indies, Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management, Pp. 176 + i.. 1970.
B,S
Pp.
171 + v.
194 Several papers on Dominica, and single contributions on other Weqt indian
islands related to the two main themes of the Corference. The Workshop reports
(1) sociological and considered: extension aspects of small-scale farming development; (2) the problem of introducing new market crops in a small agricultural economy Jominated by a major export cash crop; (3) land and labour in the development of Dominican agriculture;
(4)
small-scale
farm
planning ard land settlement, and together with discussion of the presented papers, showed how far the two chosen themes tend to overlap. .g A__bi2graA flAPSHALL, T.G. (Editor). the ConMRoealth Caribbean Peasantr1, 1838-1974. Occasional Bibliography Seri.s 16o. 3, Institute of Social and Economic Pesebrch (Eastern Caribbean)* University of the West Indies, earbados* 1975.
DoS
Pp. U7 + vi.
This bibliography has been compiled as part of a larger on-goin9 project "I history of the Caribbean peasantry since 'he bibliorarhy is divided 1838." into two scctions: the first one comprising items dealing with the Commonwealth Caribtean in general and of the second part containing lists territories. studies on individual Each ertry is comprised of author's name, title, place of publication. pagination, (for articles in periodicals) and date of publications where confirmed. Lro=eedinqs of the VJSE, 1. (Editor). gndian kqricultural Seventh West Economics Conference Held at Grand 9th-15thL 1972. pril ne St. -Augustine, Trinidad, 1Jniversity of West Indies, Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm i4anagement, 1972. Pp. 175 + vii. The Conference attempted to provide a bridge from international experience of land reform, one of the main topics, through Caribbean experience (by case studies of an old land reform, 4exico's to a new one, Cuba's), to the examination of the reform required in the Commonwealth Caribbean. Workshop
BT
195 groups expanded this topic. The other main topic, the role of the Caribbean Development Bank in financing agricultural development, was discussed in
a paper by Sir A. Lewis, and similarly expanded in working groups.
9ANKINE, T.B. Selected eeference_qa Mona, Jamaica; Tropical Poot C_s. University cf the West indies. Undated. Pp. 15. Peferences to papers and reports in English written by research workers based mainly in the West Indies on qeneral aspects of tropical root crops, and on agronomy, physiology, nutrition, control of weeds, pests and diseases, and storage of sweet potato, yam, tania, cassava, cocoyam and Irish potato are listed. SCHCFIELD,
S. and LtMBEIV,
C.M.
y~lla1e Nu.trition Studies1_An jjMBrighton, UK: t~nted Fibliogr h. Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, 1975. Pp. 285 and xiii. [.0018-01815]
This bibliography is derived from
Institute of Development Studies te The Village Studies Programme.
studies are arranged regionally for Africa, the Middle East and North Africa, India, Asia, oceania, Latin America and the Caribtean. Each section is introduced by a short evalutory comment on the surveys available, their quality and limitations. within each area the studies are arranged alphabetically by author/institution for each country. It provides a data bank for those who wish to examine the available evidence before instigating new measurement surveys or ir'nrovement progr ammes. It shows the kind of lata that have usually been collected, and indicates the uses, reliability and shortcomings of the survey methods usually Some of the studies help adopted. identify the nutritionally at risk families within the village, while
others identify causal factors.
8,CgT
196 Other information can indicate how it.provement or educational programmes can best be timed, to coincide with felt seasonal needs and to avoid the major seasonal demaads on village labour ;upplies. SMITH, Ann 7hirkell; comp. The Caribbea, Jamaica. Agricultural Situgaionand oxford: Commonwealth Bureau oKeects. of Agrtcultural Economics, 2, 197U.. Pp. 8. (Z5074.E3CE2 No. 2]
9e,
Foreign and Commonwealth UVITED KINGDOM. _PEcee din__2f_ _e Confe'ence Office. on Spi~ces±_lOth-l~th A_2KlL_ 9 7 2 - London: Foreign and Commonwealth t)ffice, 1973. Pp. 261.
F87876"
The papers read at this conference, held at the London School of Pharmacy from 10th 14th April, 1972, include a number oZ technical papers on aspects of various spices, including one on artificial drying of Jamaican pimento by G.R. Breig et al. There are also marketing papers for specific spices. Faculty of UNIVEESITY OF THE WEST INDIES. M.Sc. and%.I. C.T.A. Agriculture. theses and D..A. _nd C.A.S._reports, Pp. 8. 1960-65 (no date of publication). (UWI/WIC: LE15.17h] ---.
....
Institute of Social and Economic
B
9,3
A Research (Eastern Caribbean). Caribbe.. the of Bibliography Occasional Bibliography Series, No. is Cave Hill, Barbados, Sept. 1974. Pp. 167. (OSAID/B] Proceedjngs of the Is12st-_lA.n, kUriC1lt!&al Econor,"csConference ' University of the West ndies.1966. St. Augustine, Trinidad, Dept. of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management, University of West indies, 1967?. Pp. 32S. (NAL: |IWI/ISE?]
P
The mR_of Britain's Entry into the on Caribbean Comnunity of and ?toqrg_t Euro2eaEcfonomic The Scope Economips. NatiztaliZaltion in Cacibbean __ricuiture.. EiLth West :ndies inqs__th Proceed ral Economics Con ference _~el __qriu 7- ' at Hilton -_ot1elx_TriniladL_AEi-!:
Bei
197
J.9U.
St. Augustine, Trinidad: Department of Agricultural Economics and farm Ranagement, University of the Vest Indies, 1973. Pp. 155 + viii. [UVI/IS!1] The conference papers are divided in the report into plenary papers, contributed papers and workshop reports, rather than being separated according to the two themes. Papers relevant to Jamaica, and of significant content are listed by author elsevhere. The workshop reports covered (i) the EEC, CARIFTA and rationalization, and (ii) rationalization of Caribbean agriculture--constraints and methodology. The 7aribhejnSugn VILKINSON, 'udine. _Bioqpr!hSelect _ Industry: Iccasional Bihliog. Series No. 4, Cave Hill, Barbados: Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of the West Indies, May 1976. Pp. xv and 87. CUSAID/B]
BfC
