An Architecture for Implementing Extensible ... - Semantic Scholar

An

Architecture

Extensible

for

Implementing

Information-Seeking David

G.

Hendry

and

{d.hendry,d.harper} The

Environments David

J.

Harper

Oscms.rgu.ac.uk

Robert

Gordon

Aberdeen,

UK

Abstract

University AB1

lHG

and

is being

implemented

Designing A user-interface It

consists

architecture,

building

information

example

application,

ordinate

access

Works

is

Grid.

to

to

stractions

for

The

bv. first

is designed on-line

an

Second,

Fire-

called

Info-

for

implementing

information

seeking.

on what

software

a range

Architectures say

the

tecture

of effective

systems tinue

1970s

the

has been for

need

recognized

simplicity

broad

range

Shaw,

1991,

diverse

IR

to

and

simplify

Information

[Williams,

1986];

IR

systems

that

of information-seeking Vickery

better

activities

& Vickery,

technology

still,

1993].

be offered,

yet

calls

laborate.

support [Bates,

How

can

a

1990,

access

in a task-oriented

col

provide

the

developer

be aLmroach ..

The

applications, a user-interface is to shorten improving do this

in

can

[Myers

where

the

seeking

effects

called

[Jones

of are

different to

et al.,

FireWorks,

be

impact In

ures

measured,

1995].

The

is part

toolkit and

can

conceptual

‘content’

and

st ante,

example-based

With

on

architecture part

authorities The

work,

have goals

information-

tains

all

development

the we

more

of

can

be

which

used

to

that that

Permission to make digitallhard copy of all part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage, the copyright notice, the title of the publication and its date appw, and notice is given that copying is by permission of ACM, Inc. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or fee. 0-89791-792ACM SwitzerlandQ1996 Zurich. SIGIR96. 8/96/08.$3.50

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be

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and

on the

1995]. toolkit

con-

applicable

in

components,

each

searchers

frameworks

applications.

We

be used to implement than InfoGrid and

the how-

frameworks, how

the

incap-

user-centered

The

different for

a minfor

emphasis

what

widely

claims

to

feedback,

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of

kept

through,

similar.

we

argue

the

environments,

[Sonnenberger It

imobjects

are

to

can

be

shall

see

applications its successor

1993].

FIRE and

to

work.

section,

we

1992,

to

image

applications

Marchionini,

are

families

information-seeking 1Certainly,

impleneed

system

are

is just

through

et al.,

next

display.

[e.g.,

strong

implement

the

for

et al.,

applications.

the architecture can are rather different

Labrador

94

for

deployed in

principle, structural

concrete the

col-

proto-

methods

controls

system,

FireWorks

embodies

be supported

provide

relevance

on the

designed

of

in

broad,

is supported,

queries,

called

components

ever,

intro-

framework,

system

on the

for

the

base of user interface

search

activity than

they

an Electronic File Cabinet or Encyclo. similar user-interface elements, where

iterative

rather

an con-

classes)

how

Thus,

[Rao

col1993,

abstract

with

model

and 1992],

with

1 schematizes

is emphasized,

of search

task,

ar-

development driven

is

ture

between

user-interface

Rao

for

a dozen

“narrow

technical

framework

together

is to

abstractions?’

imum,

1992].

job

conceptual

the

software

on this

the

through

and

the

her

Figure

distance

empirically

interfaces

or

an archi-

its

et al.,

(i.e.,

be concerned

classes—about

applications, whether pedia Browser, have

also

classes

his

summarizes

and

classes operations)

the

cognitive

consuming time,

a significant

while

for

plemented

architecture

Architect the

typically

1992].

this

rather,

and

Mackinlay,

[Rao

abstract

not

to

application

implementation.

need

stakeholders,

of how

&

InfoGrid

framework

key

developer,

by Ramana

framework

(i.e.,

implemented.

and

of IR

is to design

[Krueger,

development

have

for

domain

a program

&z Rosson,

behavior

important

be called

programming

effectiveness

applications,

usefulness.

can

in

aim IR

a problem

of application

chitectures

The and

what

the

development,

to develop

usability

needed

user-interface

duce,

time

concepts

40-60%

their

architecture. the

their

abstractions

to immove

to sim~lify

by reducing

between

time

we adoDt

and

major

help

addition

Russel,

is an

the

collaborations.

example in

Rae,

1995].

their can

redesign.

1.

reported

work,

a default

mentations

ion?

al.,

The

design;

to

fash-

et

of their

a protocol

and

a superb

1992,

and about

application

communicate

work

al.,

Rao of five

and

con-

is the

result

Retrieval

design

discussion,

et

reuse,

and

developer,

community,

[Rao

also

early

good

improve

contributions,

sisting the

IR

techniques. an evolutionary

a consensus

domain

designer,

can

leagues

Introduction

Since

a problem

codify

In the

ab-

creation,

embodies

search-engine

user-interface

see 1

in

object-oriented is, of course,

component

architecture

abstractions

co-

with

architecture

of software

A mature

architec-

searchers

architecture, debate

process for

describing

to help sources.

a similar focuses

are required

environments

frameworks

applications.

multiple

comparison

is described.

and

is demonstrated which

compared

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FireWorks,

toolkit

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exrmessiveness ,

ture’s

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of a domain-specific

an

collaborators, 1995],

implementing

document

and

case

for

follow

up

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scription

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siveness

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architecture

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Extensible

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itoring tion

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we

section

5,

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debate more

progress, quality

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look-up

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sources,

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rect

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available.

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be

‘complex’,

iteratively intermediate

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)

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compelling and

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is to

enable should

artifacts,

emphasize that this,

more

aspects

are such

tailorable evidence, environments

by

[Malone that

able

which

the

themselves,

require a

interac-

repositories, searcher.

1995], can

one tactic

construct

spreadsheet, et al.,

power.

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customize

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relevant as the

and

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components

are

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information-seeking

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FIRE,

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