An attempt at interpreting the condition of the high

Leśnictwo w górach i rejonach przemysłowych, Kraków 22-23.09.2014

An attempt at interpreting the condition of the subalpine spruce forests environment in the Sudety Mts. based on the characteristics of epigeic rove beetles communities (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) Andrzej Mazur Institute of Forest Entomology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71c, 60-625 Poznań, [email protected]


Contents …  Staphylinidae

as tools of forest ecosystem valorization

O kusakach w bioindykacji

 Subalpine spruce forest is …  Features of epigeic rove beetles community

O świerczynie górnoreglowej

O kusakach w borach górnoreglowych


Staphylinidae step by step: zarys morfologii

Diversity in : - morphology - taxonomy - ecology

Short elytras + naked and moving abdomen

Staphylinus caesareus Cederhjelm, 1798 www.colpolon.biol.uni.wroc.pl

By M. Kozłowski. Chrząszcze Polski


Staphylinidae step by step: różnorodność morfologiczna

Tachyusida gracilis (Er., 1837)

Proteinus atomarius Er., 1840 Zdjęcia chrząszczy wg BOROWIEC L. 2009. Iconographia Coleopterorum Poloniae. www.colpolon.biol. uni.wroc.pl


Staphylinidae step by step: różnorodność taksonomiczna Scaphidium quadrimaculatum Ol., 1790

Pselaphus heisei Hrbst., 1792

Oxyporus rufus (L., 1758)

Stenus ater Mann., 1831 Lordithon speciosus (Er., 1839) Quedius vexans Eppelsheim, 1881

Zdjęcia chrząszczy wg BOROWIEC L. 2009. Iconographia Coleopterorum Poloniae. www.colpolon.biol. uni.wroc.pl

?

Scydmaenus rufus Müller et Kunze, 1822


Examples of bioindication of forest ecosystems with the use of Staphylinidae

Identification of species composition of communities for many types of forests:

in Puszcza Białowieska Forest (Szujecki ed. 2001, 2006), for crowberry coniferous forests – Empetro nigriPinetum (Smoleński 2000)


Phytosociological classification : Calamagrostio villosae-Piceetum SCHLÜTER, 1969 = Plagiothecio-Piceetum hercynicum = Piceetum hercynicum Spruce forest conditioned by climate, forming subalpine forest in the Sudety Mts. and other mountains of the hercynian forest.

Distribution in Poland: from ca. 1000 to 1390 m a.s.l. (Mały Szyszak) in the Karkonosze Mts., Izerskie Mts. on Śnieżnik Kłodzki, in the Bialskie Mts., in the top part of the Orlickie and Sowie Mts. - total 117.2 km2


High mountain spruce forest and the environmental disasters from 1976-1990

* Dane po fotogrametrycznej inwentaryzacji stanu drzewostanów


Don’t imitate


Research on Staphylinidae community of subalpine spruce forest in the Sudety Mts. by A. Mazur (2012)

Fundamental questions:  How do species of rove beetles live in the high mountain spruce forest?  What can we say about Staphylinidae community in the subalpine spruce forest ?


Research on Staphylinidae community of high mountain spruce forest in the Sudety Mts. by A. Mazur (2012) Period of research: 2004-2006 Field of research –

30 plots (see map)

Method of collecting: Barber’s traps; 752 tests (24-

hour trap) Analysis: quantitative structure

dominant structure fidelity of the species to the habitat species variety and richness biomass structure similarity nature value.


Results – quantitative structure and dominationtion Range

N (number 0f

n ((number of

species)

individulas

Karkonosze

122

5 683

G. Izerskie

77

1 428

G. Sowie

60

553

Śnieżnik Kł.

75

4 846

Czarna Góra

68

583

G. Bialskie

92

1 909

Total

189

15 002

Dominant species

n

D%

Atheta tibialis (Heer, 1839)

4 010

26,73

A. aeneipennis Thoms., 1856

2 795

18,63

Quedius punctatellus (Heer, 1839)

1 587

10,58

A. tibialis (Heer, 1839)

Q. punctatellus (Heer, 1839) A. aeneipennis Thoms., 1856 Photo L. Borowiec, www.colpolon.uni.wroc.pl


Results – quantitative structure and dominationtion

Juvennile forests+ peat form of CvPiceetum

Changeability of the number of species on the research plots


Results – quantitative structure and dominationtion

Ryc. 3.3.1. Zmiany liczebności najliczniejszych gatunków na powierzchniach badawczych (powierzchnie uszeregowano wg pasm górskich (Góry Bialskie: 1, 2, 16-18, Góry Izerskie: 11-12, Góry Sowie: 26-29, Czarna Góra: 19-21, Śnieżnik Kłodzki: 89, 22-25, Karkonosze: 3-7, 12-15, 30)

Changes of the frequency of dominant species


Results – relict species (specific) and alien (ubuquistic) species as an effect synantropization Share of relict (R) species is the highest in the Bialskie and Izerskie Mts. and on Śnieżnik Kłodzki. It remains on the average level in the Karkonosze Mts. It is higher in the grass variant of phytocoenosis

Oxypoda parvipennis Eppelsheim, 1891 Foto: L. Borowiec, www.colpolon.uni.wroc.pl

Ex coll. A. Mazur

The Puszcza Białowieska Forest F0 = 25.0 Research plots – 11.46

The Puszcza Białowieska Forest index R = 10.2 Reseaaech plorts R = 17.4

Share of alien species (F0) is the highest in the Izerskie Mts. And they haven’t been noticed at all on Śnieżnik Kłodzki. It remains on the average level in the Karkonosze Mts. It is higher in the grass variant of phytocoenosis, and the lowest in the peat variant.

Aleochara bipustulata (Linnaeus ,1769) Foto: L. Borowiec, www.colpolon.uni.wroc.pl


Generally low biomass of communities at surprisingly high share of big forms in juvenile forests in the Izerskie and Sowie Mts.

Graphic presentatiion of RBD index distribution of Staphylinidae communities on research plots


Biomass comparison Community biomass is defined with the number of individuals of Ph. decorus Subalpine forests: 7.66 – 315.57 The Puszcza Białowieska forest: 9526.0

Philonthus decorus (Grav., 1802)


Similarity analysis of the community Diagram drzewa Metoda Warda Ward's method

Community „A. tibilis-A. aeneipennis

Community „A. tibilis-Q. puntatellus”

Domination of A. aeneipennis

Numer powierzchni badawczej Number of plots

Odległ. euklidesowa 1 29 17 23 26 5 19 28 21 12 30 27 2 20 16 4 7 18 10 22 6 14 11 8 24 25 13 9 3 15 0,00

0,05

0,10

0,15

Odległość wiązania Linkage distance

Plots similarity analysis (dimination of species) in the high mountain spruce forests by means of Ward’s method

0,20


Ecologycal value of the community Diagram drzewa Metoda Warda Odległ. euklidesowa

Forests in regenerating phase

Destoyed stands Stable fostests ca. 200 year old

1 21 28 5 19 23 17 26 12 29 30 2 14 zgrup. model. 6 16 20 22 27 4 7 18 25 13 24 10 11 3 15 8 9

Numer powierzchni Number of plot

Forests in low mountains + juvenile stands + peat plots

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

Odległość wiązania Linkage dinstance

Plots similaryty analysis (ecologycal value of the community) in the high mountain spruce forests by means of Ward’s method


Hypothesis: Treeless phasse may favor an invasion of allien species


Variable reg.dol reg.gor sci but sci tra dstan

Marginal Effects Var.N Lambda1 2 0.28 3 0.28 4 0.28 5 0.28 1 0.18

Variable reg.dol dstan sci but

Conditional Effects Var.N LambdaA 2 0.28 1 0.19 4 0.16

P 0.066 0.550 0.834

F 1.29 0.87 0.69

Environmental variables are not statistically significant for the species distribution

Evaluation of the role of environmental variables for the distribution of Staphylinidae on ski routes on Szrenica Monte Carlo test, analysis CCA


Variable reg.dol reg.gor sci but sci tra dstan

Marginal Effects Var.N Lambda1 2 0.07 3 0.07 4 0.05 5 0.05 1 0.04

Variable reg.dol dstan sci but

Conditional Effects Var.N LambdaA 2 0.07 1 0.04 4 0.03

P 0.298 0.576 0.718

F 1.17 0.71 0.42

Environmental variables are not statistically significant for the species distribution

Evaluation of the role of environmental variables for the distribution of Staphylinidae on ski routes on Szrenica Monte Carlo test, analysis RDA


Conclusions (1)  (old, 200-year old) forests of natural structure are characterized by:  open and unstable communities, of high share of mountainous and forest species  domination of mountainous species from the genus Atheta Thoms., whose frequency seems to depend on the kind of forest litter


Conclusions (2)  Danse forests (no destruction) 15-170-year old forests are characterized by:  unstable and unclosed communities of high share of mountainous and forest species  domination of Atheta tibialis and Quedius punctatellus


Conclusions (3)  The juvenile forests are characterized by:  open and unstable communities, of high share of mountainous, alpine, arctic relict but also allien species  domination of Atheta aeneipennis


Conclusions (4) Peat plots are stable and completely closed systems with specific species


Conclusions (5) The Sowie Mts. do not have alpine fauna at all


The End


An attempt at interpreting the condition of the high

An attempt at interpreting the condition of the high

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