An fMRI Study of Strategic Reading Comprehension

Download PDF
1 downloads 0 Views 1MB Size Report
Comment
that reading strategies would involve areas of the brain that are normally involved in reading comprehension along with areas that are involved in strategic ...
t           

       Ø                

                 Ø           !"

 !" #$% 

 !     "   Ø              &'(#$ 

# $ % & '        ")  Ø     * +     &  ,($(  

    "      t(      0"     "   -       !   " "     . 0        !"  ""      

        /0 !"   !             !      0 "          .1 ) 0    +  !"        . 1       0"          !                0 -      >     0          ! "   >     ;"  1 3%%$5                 "    .    0/       "    "  "    1 &    "  0       0    "     .  " "     "  2"  0!     "     " " 1?    /     

 .     1   0  "  ! 0        1 &    +  . "         "      "  "      . 0     0   "!    0       .3 4 51      2"      >         0      1     # )   6 )6   

 .  " "      "  0     +   !    0 /  .   0     !                &    "      .   " " 0   + !      . !"   0   !" 0      !"   .1        !      .!/1 &   .     "!             "   .           "    

           !@  " "        "      0/       0              "   .   0 "   .    .  .  /37" /  0 >?8   %%(51 3 11  7 /  0    8 9  #(6   "     "           ' %%:51 -       !   "  ! 0   " 0/    " "     .       "    

    3 11 ;"  1 %%$6 =/   .         !        0 7  8 , / %%(51&  " 0/         1 &"  "     " !      0  >       

                                3? !  8

    " " !  "  !  "  %%51 )      @           !   "       0            .       0" !  0 0          1              "    &     !   "!     " "        1        !        .               A

   3 11;"<    /487"

       .1       "     %%$6=/ 8, / %%(51&  "  0 "      !    !    0    0/    "      "    .    " 1  > .      

1319

   !  0  !         @

    0  "           " 3  1#:6 '%%:51 7 "   "        > .    !        0   /   > .        /   > .  3  1#:5 '3%%:5       >*.   & 3*&5  0  "    0 "    "       0   > .  . 1  &    !     2"     > . 0      0       1 *&  "         B        ! !     3 ' %%:51        !  0    0      .   !  "

"  "   0   1     "    .  @ 00 1&   " . @  00         /0   >            /  "     1 )             .

    " ! "   .             .   3 . . +                       "     . 31 1 "         5   !     . !         31 1 "  !!  51 7 "   > .          .        !  .            !              0          1   0/   !      !  0  !             /   . "   3   8     %%$6   8     %%51 &    0/  "   >     .3Ø 4 5  "   . 3 5  > "       35      "  .3) 5  C" 3)4D5        . 3

51&      !  0!       /  . " 

 3   8     %%$6   8     %%51 7 "       "     > .    "   . 0    +     . "    0/ 0 !     "  > .1 -  .  0            

 .             "          .   "          1

&    "             E       > .E     .     1     

 "      !" !  " !      > .   "  

   "          > .3  1#:51   . " @ 00       

" !  "       1 ) 0          .    0" 0          . "    0/   0                "  "        0  .

   1 )      2"  0           "      3    " !     . "   0/5    "         .       !    . "     1 )   .       0          "  0 .               0  "!   1

  *   &0  >0 >    *   /   0    "            !"           "  3#:     F %16 Ø F 1:6   F #(>(51 '         0   ! C 1G  0  . "     "  .   "   1

      &  !   .   0         0       0     #$ > 0  2"       .1 & .  2"    "  0   2"  "      "   0  "    0     2"   !           > .    . 1 &   .  0      #    

 >:   1 *               B        > .1 *    0   "    "             .1&             .  0  " !       1 &     0              0  + 1 *   . 0        ! /      "   1* ! /         . 0   !     . ! /         . 3 11& .#>7 /# & .>7 /#& .>7 /#& .#>7 /H51

*    &  "  /     0     !  >$  0 )       1   " Ø"         0     "  % "           "      2"             . 1     

1320

    &&  0     "  0  > ."     1 &&     "   0  "       0   > .  .  "      *&     !     " 1 &&    !        !   '   "  3%%:51&&/.  %" 1    &&       0     0 /  ) "1& ) " 0       "         )   "    /    /  ! /       1     0      0      .0    .  "  !"            .     .  1 7     ! /           "                 0  "  ! /1 &     .0          0                1  !    0          "    1    0    "         "          !"       1 G       

     A   .    ! /  !"  0       "     0                "1 &             > .   . !"1 &      > .    0   "  0 &&  "     0     !  "  0      > . " "          .1 )         0     "             0 0  0" "         > .   1 )    > .     0    "     > .  "           &&1 4         0                " " "  

"      0           .   .10     !       "                .1&    0     0  "  2"  "         0   "           > .1 &  "           0  :$   0  0       " 0              . 1   + &    

"  >$                "          0"    0   2"  1 &  ! 0&&   0              > .1 )  0               1   /  0      "  *>   3    0 & ) 1  !" 5-0   

 /     1&      "  0     !    0      "               3    0  &  ) 1  !" 5 0           ! /" 1 %>   0  !       ! /    1  .   0             0          1    0      .       / !"   "    1 &             ! / 0  ! /    : 3! /      .I     51 40      ! /     0      0        .1 "      0         0  .   )  1        0    0     /       "   +    +       1&  /         !           "        1 &       "          0   /      !" 0                  1&  / ! "     . "  3  8   %%51 )           0      

            0 

    "!    )      "   #: !        "         "      1

  t,  t   " " "  0     0  !      & >&           

 !"">"  1&  "  " 0   2"  !2" >.      >    "   &J>0   >  "  2"   3&* F $   & F %%%   4GK F #  / F1$  F> F1(51 &  0  "  0        +  "    4')  0   /  3 . #51  "    0                 " 0  0          "      1 &    0         &    3&  8 &"". #((51 4  "+    0       "  "   3K*  1%%#51       )  "  . >!      2" 1    0        "  0  

    "     "   >0   34-*5 "   +   1    "            0        "   !.  "         

 0       " 1 * ">    " .     0        1 &       / 0  "       >         3G) 5   .!   

1321

      0/1    /     

                  0   "        G)1        .  0    " #$    /0   "  G)1

 - '  &        0  "    "      0    F3   L   5 I 3# L   51 &     C"         2"       0           

 !    "       3     /  8 -  #51 Ø"        "        0  @   0    !   !   1 &     

                   > .     1 &        !             3      # M 15        0 "  0   !               1      0       3F1:#ØF15   3F 1: Ø F 15  N #1   .    > .         3 F 1$# Ø F 1#5    35F1:##F1%  @ F%1:   35F 1% # F 1%$  @   F %1:1 -             .             ! 0            > + 

    0    .  1 &   !    0    !      > .     0     0   

           2"     > .1    ! 0  0        0   !  (O    3  @  / F 151 &   > .  0  "       0     0         !   "      1            "         /0 6@ 0      1

   )       .         ! 0       . >0 'GK0    3      > .5    0>    0  "   0  !   

   3  L     > . L      > . L  51    0     "        !  "     0    "     > .     !  !      1)  "     > .     "   > .    0        !    1 &        "         #1 "   #  > .      ! 

        1 &  )  "  0     !                           1 &            > .         0  4"  #1 &          ! 0       0    "!        1  > . !            0/1 &      "  Ø 4  )4D )   I

    1 &   "        0            0   .    1

4" #1     0   > . 0   1  ?0       ! 0     > .      0      "     4"  1 &      "     "   " " " "    "  4 1            /0  !        "  0/ 37" /   1 %%(51 &   "     

      

"         0 "   > . 1          0            /      .          0/ 0        .  1 &  "          "              0  .  !  "       .      @       /     G)     1         0  .                    1 4               G)   > .    !           43#%5F(1:F1%%43#%5F#(1:%  N 1%%#     1 ?0    > .       43#%5 F1:$F1#1&              0    04" #1  > .     1 &   "     .      0      0     0    > .1 ?0         .   0     "!   1 &"        0 

"   . 0    0  !  0

1322

4" 1     0   > .0   1         " "

"   0  > . !     > .   1 &  0      !     " > "              > . " 1 &  "         0 !      "  1&        0   " !        2" 0      0   2"  0    1            "  2"  1 )              2"        0   " 1 &           0    !    !.  "  0  "  0      !      0       " 1&   0 "    !   .!     37"  ?  84 #(51 &               !   >      0           0   1 &       0  4"  1 &   0              0  1)    0 0    "  > .   >     0        "  > .  "0  0   0  "!   0        1

  &   "               .        . "       I         !   4 1 &  !   "                      + 1        .       0    .    .      0         /0  !     . " 

 0              .   1 &        0 "        

 .   0" 2"     1 ?0       0/ 0          > .   0    1 &        > . 0     .    !  

4" 1        "!   "  > .1     "          !"               2"   "         1 &   0        > .           "         0  .            "  0/1     "   0  !      0  .

     0        "     > . " )49 " "  4  !   " "     "  ! 

     "    "  " 1 9   !   > ." "  !  

             /      0/               >      "             1 )  "   !  "  "  

 !   " "  !     "    "    "        "  0           > . 1G    

   "      " "    !   "  !      " "   "    3=/  1 %%(51 &  "  "     "    " "    !     0  ./0   "   "        3;"  1 %%$51 &           &9      > .           !  " 0     0     "  .     3K"  ?!      8 D" 7  %%51&    .    /         "    > .   "      "  

      .1 "!           > .

         !    " 0/    !    >    3 117" /  1%%(51&         " 0/      "  >!  . "  " I         .     " 1 &     0        "  > .1 G     !"    " 0/      0  "" >        " 37" /   1 %%(51 &  "" >     "    !      0        0  3    9 0  8    %%5 !"      

1323

"  "  "  "                0            "             3 11 ? !  8 "  %%51 &     /0              "   "         /   / "     !  1 &               "  > .  0      0   "       " !  4 1&     . "   " 0/     0  > .    4  0       "  > .     0     "!    /  1&  4    "    "!    >  / !"      4  "     "  0 ! 0   " 37"  Ø"  8 9!  %%51 G      "      0  .        "             0          "1 &   0          .          4  0      " 1 &   4   !    

       .        0             

 "    "   1 )         

  .    0  "       0    "  0/1   > .   !      0                1 &  .   "                0    0/          0 . "      "             "            14"" 0/ " .         4          0    0     " 0  +   . 1

t&    &  0/ 0  "  !  &  Ø        C      3'7 ?%%%$51 &   0   I               "  "!            0      .      Ø        C         Ø     Ø  1    "!      Ø !" 1

   7"   1? 1 1 9184    "   "            ) .   1 «  (35#:%>#:(1 7" /  1 1  0 >? D1 1 8     Ø1 1 3%%(51 &  !@   "  0/B   "          1        «       ##:#>(1

7"  1-1Ø" )189! 1D13%%51&   0             . 3  #%5 " 1        ##35%L(1   D1 1 8     -1 3%%$51 ' " "      >    B )   >       >    0/   1     $35%>1 1&1?1Ø  "0'1 "1?18   1 3#:51 *   > .    "  1     #(35:>:1    (:1   1   D1 /  1 1 8 -  1 91 3#51 &  !    "      "    G 1      :35#$>:1  1-18   -13%%51&      0/B )        0   !  "  1«  3#5:>%1 . 1 -1 3#51 4')B  0        "+   "         " 1 #          35#>#1 ? !  Ø1 8 "  *1 1 3%%51 Ø  "        0  " 1            ##35>%1 !       !

 .1                     (::>:$1 K"  1 ?!  D1   ,1   &1 8 D" 7  1 3%%51 ' "         "      17  #%(:3#5#%:L##:1 ;" D1 <    1 / 91 4 1 8 7" 1 3%%$51 "    .B    "    0          1 «   $35#%%L#%#$1 =/&1 '1