An instrumental set up for seed germination studies with ... - Scielo.br

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1958; Larsen, 1965; Barbour and Racine, 1967; Fox and. Thompson, 1971; Grime .... hydrated for 2 h on soaked paper in Petri dishes before their transfer to the moist ... radicle will appear is above the black band at the edge of the white area.
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$ CPFUGPFKPICPCPCNQIKEEWTTGPVUKIPCNQWVRWV HTQO VQO# VQC.QVKRJCUGCPINGV[RGEQPVTQNNGTOQFGN $%YJKEJEQPVTQNUVJGFGNKXGT[QHRQYGT 6JGUGEQPFOQFWNGKUEQORTKUGFGUUGPVKCNN[QHCUGV QH IGTOKPCVKQP DNQEMU CPF CP GSWCN PWODGT QH IGTOKPCVKQPUWRRQTVDGFU6JGIGTOKPCVKQPUWRRQTVDGFU

$ CTGOCFGQHVJKPUVCKPNGUUUVGGNUJGGVUVJCVHKVQXGT VJGDNQEMUCPFCTGJGNFHKTON[D[UETGYUVQVJGDQF[QH VJG DNQEMU 6JG UWRRQTV DGFU JCXG VYQ TGUGTXQKTU CNQPIUKFGEQPVCKPKPIYCVGTQTCP[FGUKTGFUQNWVKQPHQT VJGOCKPVGPCPEGQHVJGJWOKFKV[NGXGNKPVJGOQKUVRCRGT QTGXGPVWCNN[VQTGEGKXGUQOGEJGOKECNFKUUQNXGFKPVJG IGTOKPCVKQPYCVGT 6JG VJKTF OQFWNG KU EQPUVTWEVGF YKVJ C FQWDNG YCNN VTCPURCTGPVINCUUYKPFQYVQHCEKNKVCVGKOCIGECRVWTGHTQO YKVJKPVJGIGTOKPCVKQPEJCODGTDGUKFGUHWPEVKQPKPICUC JGCV KPUWNCVQT CPF CXQKFKPI YCVGT EQPFGPUCVKQP 6JKU OQFWNGKUEQPUVTWEVGFD[VJGKPUGTVKQPQHCEQTMICUMGV

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

#0 +05647/'06#. 5'6 72 (14 5''& )'4/+0#6+10 567&+'5

FTQRNGVU KP VJG YKPFQYU VJCV ECP QEEWT CV JKIJGT VGORGTCVWTGU 6JG HQWTVJ OQFWNG EQPUKUVU QH C HNCVDGF UECPPGT

)GPKWU OQFGN %QNQT 2CIG'2 Ō QRVKECN TGUQNWVKQP  FRK  6JG UECPPGT KU RQUKVKQPGF FKTGEVN[ QXGT VJG VJKTF OQFWNGUQVJCVKVUUECPPKPIYKPFQYHCEGNKGURCTCNNGNVQ VJG UGGF UWRRQTVU 6JKU KU QPN[ RQUUKDNG KH VJG UECPPGT WPKVKURNCEGFKPCPWRUKFGFQYPRQUKVKQP6QFQUQVJG UWRRQTVKPI TQFU YGTG CFCRVGF VQ HKV VJG UECPPGT WPKV JQTK\QPVCNN[QXGTVJGIGTOKPCVKQPEJCODGT 6JGEQORWVGTEQWRNGFVQVJGHQWTVJOQFWNGYCUWUGF VQECRVWTGCPFUVQTGVJGKOCIGUTGEGKXGFCVTGIWNCTVKOG KPVGTXCNU HTQO VJG HNCVDGF UECPPGT +OCIG ECRVWTG CWVQOCVKQPKURGTHQTOGFD[VJGVCUMUEJGFWNGUQHVYCTG PCOGN[5EJGFWNGT2TQHGUUKQPCNHQT9KPFQYU8GTUKQP

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



WUGFVQKFGPVKH[VJGEJTQPQNQIKECNQTFGTQHIGTOKPCVKQP GXGPVU QDUGTXGF 6JGUG PWODGTU CTG KPVGIGT PWODGTU UVCTVKPIHTQOYJKEJEQTTGURQPFUVQCPGXGPVVJCVYCU QDUGTXGFKPVJGKOCIGTGIKUVGTGFCVVJGVKOGYJGPVJGHKTUV UECPPKPIYCURGTHQTOGF6JGKPFGZPWODGTKPETGCUGUKP WPKVCT[UVGRUEQTTGURQPFKPIVQVJGUGSWGPEGPWODGTQH GCEJ UECP 6JWU KPFGZ PWODGT  TGRTGUGPVU C IGTOK PCVKQPGXGPVQDUGTXGFKPVJGKOCIGTGIKUVGTGFCVVJGVKOG QHVJGUGEQPFKOCIGEQNNGEVKQPCPFUQQP(QTGZCORNGKH C IGTOKPCVGF UGGF CRRGCTU QP VJG OQPKVQT UETGGP CV C FGVGTOKPGF RQUKVKQP KP VJG KOCIG EQNNGEVGF CV VJG HKTUV QDUGTXCVKQP VKOG VJG PWODGT  KU TGEQTFGF KP VJG EGNN EQTTGURQPFKPIVQVJGRQUKVKQPQHVJKUUGGFKPVJGRTKPVGF URTGCFUJGGV%QORNGVKPIVJKUEQWPVKPIHQTCNNVJGVKOGU

RKEVWTGU  VJG FCVC HTQO VJG TGUWNVKPI URTGCFUJGGV CTG TGRTQFWEGF QP CP 'ZEGN URTGCFUJGGV MGGRKPI VJG UCOG NC[QWV EQTTGURQPFGPEG DGVYGGP URTGCFUJGGV EGNNU CPF RQUKVKQPUQPVJGIGTOKPCVKQPRNCVGCUUJQYPKP(KIWTG 9KVJKPVJGUEQRGQHUVCVKUVKECNCPCN[UKUQHVJGTGUWNVU VJGTG YCU C PGGF VQ GXCNWCVG CXGTCIG CPF FKURGTUKQP XCNWGU HQT IGTOKPCVKQP EQWPVKPI YKVJ VKOG CNQPI VJG IGTOKPCVKQP EWTXG (QT VJKU VJG TGUWNVKPI URTGCFUJGGV YCU UWDFKXKFGF KPVQ UKZ TGIKQPU GCEJ TGIKQP YKVJ  UGGFU VJGUJCRGQHVJGTGIKQPUKUTGRTGUGPVGFKP(KIWTG NCDGN# (QTGCEJIGTOKPCVKQPVKOGVJGECNEWNCVKQPQHVJG CTKVJOGVKE OGCP CPF VJG 5& YGTG RGTHQTOGF CPF VJGUG XCNWGU WUGF VQ TGRTGUGPV VJG CXGTCIG CPF FKURGTUKQP GUVKOCVGUTGURGEVKXGN[ (QT VJG GNCDQTCVKQP QH IGTOKPCVKQP EWTXGU VJG EQWPVKPIEQTTGURQPFKPIVQCURGEKHKEECRVWTGFKOCIGYCU NQECVGF YKVJKP GCEJ QH VJG UKZ TGIKQPU QP VJG DNQEM 6CMKPIKPCEEQWPVVJGEQWPVKPIFCVCQHCNNDNQEMUHQTCNN KPFGZGUIGTOKPCVKQPEQWPVKPIYCURNQVVGFCICKPUVVKOG VQQDVCKPVJGIGTOKPCVKQPEWTXG 6QXGTKH[RQUUKDNGFKHHGTGPEGUDGVYGGPVJGVYQDNQEMU CPF COQPI VJG FKHHGTGPV TGIKQPU QH GCEJ DNQEM C UVCVKUVKECNVTGCVOGPVYCUCRRNKGFKPQTFGTVQCUUWTGVJCV VJG HCEVQTU YJKEJ CTG TGURQPUKDNG HQT IGTOKPCVKQP QT JCXGCP[GHHGEVQPKV CTGRGTHGEVN[FKUVTKDWVGFQXGTVJG YJQNGUGGFRQRWNCVKQP+PQVJGTYQTFUVJGU[UVGOECPDG EJGEMGFVJKUYC[HQTVJGETGCVKQPQHTGIKQPCNCTVKHCEVUKP VJGIGTOKPCVKQPFCVC 6QXGTKH[VJGFCVCJQOQIGPGKV[COQPIVJGFKHHGTGPV TGIKQPUQHGCEJDNQEMVJGFCVCDNQEMUTGRTQFWEGFQPVJG 'ZEGNURTGCFUJGGVYGTGUWDFKXKFGFKPVQTGIKQPUYKVJ GKIJV EGNNU RGT TGIKQP C V[RKECN NC[QWV QH VJG TGIKQP KU

$TC\,2NCPV2J[UKQN  



2%0 6'+:'+4# GV CN

$TC\,2NCPV2J[UKQN  

Row

Column

UJQYPKP(KIWTGNCDGN$ CPFVJGOGCPIGTOKPCVKQP VKOGYCUEQORWVGFHQTGCEJTGIKQP#UUWOKPIVJCVCNNVJG TGIKQPUYGTGGSWKXCNGPVKVECPDGGZRGEVGFVJCVVJGOGCP IGTOKPCVKQPVKOGQHVJGTGIKQPUCNQPIVJGDNQEMUWTHCEG YQWNF DG JQOQIGPGQWUN[ FKUVTKDWVGF 6JKU OGCPU VJCV VJGFCVCUGVEQTTGURQPFKPIVQVJGOGCPIGTOKPCVKQPVKOG QHVJGTGIKQPUUJQWNFDGJCXGCUCTCPFQOFCVCUGV6JG TGIKQPUYGTGKPFGZGFCEEQTFKPIVQVJGKTRQUKVKQPUKPCP QTFGTGFUGSWGPEGHQNNQYKPICPQTKGPVCVKQPKPTQYUQTKP EQNWOPU QP VJG 'ZEGN URTGCFUJGGV (KIWTG   &CVC FKHHGTGPEGUCOQPITGIKQPUOC[QEEWTFWGVQKPHNWGPEGU VJCVDGJCXGCUITCFKGPVUCNQPIVJGOCKPFKTGEVKQPUQHVJG CTTC[ QH UGGFU VJWU VJG UGSWGPEG PWODGTKPI QH VJG TGIKQPUOC[DGRGTHQTOGFCNQPITQYUQTCNQPIEQNWOPU &QKPIUQGCEJQPGQHVJGUGKPFGZGUYCURCKTGFYKVJVJG EQORWVGFOGCPVKOGXCNWGEQTTGURQPFKPIVQVJGTGIKQP 6Q GCEJ OGCP IGTOKPCVKQP VKOG CP QTFKPCN VKOG TCPM PWODGTYCUCUUKIPGFKPFKECVKPIKVUQTFGTQPCVGORQTCN UECNGUQVJCVPWODGTYCUCUUKIPGFVQVJGNQYGUVVKOG XCNWGPWODGTVQVJGHQNNQYKPICPFUQQP6JGPKVYCU RQUUKDNGVQGUVCDNKUJCNKPMDGVYGGPGCEJTGIKQPRQUKVKQP CPF KVU VKOG TCPM# VCDNG YCU EQPUVTWEVGF 6CDNG   VQ UJQY VJG TGNCVKQPUJKR DGVYGGP RQUKVKQP KPFGZGU

EQPUKFGTKPIUGSWGPEGUCNQPITQYUQTCNQPIEQNWOPUCU UVCVGF DGHQTG  CPF VJQUG KPFGZGU DGNQPIKPI VQ VJG VKOG TCPM6QVJGUGUGVUQHPWODGTU5KGIGNŏUTCPFQOPGUUVGUV YCU CRRNKGF KP QTFGT VQ GXCNWCVG JQY VJG OGCP IGTOKPCVKQPVKOGXCNWGUCTGFKUVTKDWVGFQXGTVJGDNQEMŏU UWTHCEGYJGVJGTKPCTCPFQOQTKPCFGVGTOKPKUVKEHCUJKQP 5KGIGNŏUTCPFQOPGUUVGUVOC[DGDGUVCRRNKGFVQCDKPCT[ TCPMUGSWGPEG HQTGZCORNGYKVJŏUCPFŏU 6JGTGUWNV QHVJGVGUVEQTTGURQPFUVQCPGXCNWCVKQPRCTCOGVGTHQTVJG TCPFQOFKUVTKDWVKQPQHŏUCPFŏUKPVJGUGSWGPEGYJGTG VJGTG YGTG 0 XCNWGU  CPF 0  XCNWGU  KP VJG DKPCT[ UGSWGPEG 6JG RTCEVKECN CRRNKECVKQP QH VJKU VGUV VQ VJG FCVCRTQFWEGFKPQWTGZRGTKOGPVUYCURQUUKDNGVJTQWIJ VJGWUGQHVJGHQNNQYKPIRTQEGFWTGCVVTKDWVKPIVJGXCNWG VQVKOGTCPMXCNWGUGSWCNQTUOCNNGTVJCPCPFXCNWGVQ VKOGTCPMXCNWGUJKIJGTVJCPKVYCURQUUKDNGVQETGCVGC UGSWGPEGQHDKPCT[KPFGZGUEQTTGNCVGFYKVJVJGTGIKQPU

UGGőENCUUKHKECVKQPŒKP6CDNG 6JGRTQEGFWTGFGUETKDGF CDQXGIGPGTCVGFCUGSWGPEGQHTCPMKPFGZGUCPF TCPMKPFGZGU 0CPF0 5GCTEJKPIYKVJKPVJKU UGSWGPEGHQTUWDITQWRUEQPUVKVWVGFD[TGRGVKVKQPQHQPG QHVJGTCPMKPFGZGU QT KVYCURQUUKDNGVQEQORWVGVJG

B

1

A

(KIWTG4GRTGUGPVCVKQPQHVJG'ZEGNURTGCFUJGGVYJGTG VJGIGTOKPCVKQPGXGPVUCTGPWOGTKECNN[RTGUGPVGF#CPF $TGRTGUGPVUVJGTGIKQPETGCVGFVQRGTHQTOVJGUVCVKUVKECN CPCN[UKU UGG/CVGTKCNCPF/GVJQFUKVGO 6JGPWODGT  KP VJKU URTGCFUJGGV YJKEJ KU KPEQORNGVG CPF QPN[ RTGUGPVGFJGTGCUCPGZCORNG KPFKECVGUVJGRNCEGYJGTG VJGHKTUVGXGPVYCUTGIKUVGTGF VJGHKTUVIGTOKPCVKQP  6CDNG  5KGIGNŏU VGUV FCVC CU CRRNKGF VQ IGTOKPCVKQP GXGPVU UGG/CVGTKCNCPF/GVJQFUKVGO  )GTOKPCVKQP$NQEM 4QYQTFGTGFTGIKQPU%QNWOPQTFGTGFTGIKQPU )GTOKPCVKQP)GTOKPCVKQP 4GIKQP6KOG%NCUUKHKECVKQP4GIKQP6KOG%NCUUKHKECVKQP TCPMTCPM       

 

 

 

 

 

 

    #PCN[UKU2CTCOGVGTU#PCN[UKU2CTCOGVGTU 004004 

#0 +05647/'06#. 5'6 72 (14 5''& )'4/+0#6+10 567&+'5

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

A

Cumulative germination (seed number)

50 40

3.4ºC 5.9ºC 8.4ºC 10.8ºC 13.3ºC 15.8ºC 18.3ºC

30 20 10 0

(seed number)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000 12000

B

45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

19.9ºC 21.7ºC 25.8ºC 28.3ºC 29.9ºC 32.5ºC 34.1ºC 36.6ºC 0

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 Time (min)

(KIWTG  )GTOKPCVKQP EWTXGU QH .CEVWEC UCVKXC UGGFU YJGTGGCEJRQKPVTGRTGUGPVUVJGOGCPXCNWGQHIGTOKPCVKQP FCVC HQT # CPF $ DNQEMU 'TTQTU HQT GCEJ RQKPV CTG TGRTGUGPVGF D[ VJG UOCNN XGTVKECN DCTU +P # UGGF IGTOKPCVKQPCV%%%%%% CPF % +P $ UGGF IGTOKPCVKQP CV % % %%%%%CPF%

KPFKECVGVJGUKOKNCTKV[QHIGTOKPCVKQPDGJCXKQTQPVJGUG VYQ DNQEMU UQ VJCV VJGUG FCVC UGVU CTG RTCEVKECNN[ KPFKUVKPIWKUJCDNG 6JKU KU VTWG PQV QPN[ HQT GCEJ VGORGTCVWTGDWVCNUQHQTGCEJVKOGCUKPFKECVGFD[VJG GZEGNNGPVCITGGOGPVDGVYGGPRCKTGFFCVCEQTTGURQPFKPI VQDQVJDNQEMU+PQVJGTYQTFUVJGIGTOKPCVKQPDGJCXKQT KURTCEVKECNN[VJGUCOGHQTVJGUGVYQDNQEMU %QPUKFGTKPIVJGGXCNWCVKQPQH5KGIGNŏUVGUVVJGXCNWG 4YCUEQORWVGFCUUVCVGFDGHQTGHQTGCEJVGORGTCVWTG HQT GXGT[ TQY CPF EQNWOP HQT VJG VYQ DNQEMU 6JG 4 XCNWGUKPFKECVGVJGFGITGGQHTCPFQOPGUU#EEQTFKPIVQ 5KGIGNŏUVGUVHQTCFKUVTKDWVKQPYJGTG0 CPF0 VJG GZRGEVGF 4 XCNWGU HQT C TCPFQO UGSWGPEG OWUV DG DGVYGGPCPF+P(KIWTGCRNQVKUUJQYPQHVJG4 XCNWGUEQORWVGFYKVJVJGFCVCHTQOCNNVJGGZRGTKOGPVU CXCKNCDNGRGTHQTOGFQXGTCDTQCFTCPIGQHVGORGTCVWTGU CPFEQPUKFGTKPIRQUKVKQPCNUGSWGPEKPIQHXCNWGUDQVJKP VJG TQY UGPUG CPF EQNWOP UGPUG 6JG FCUJGF NKPGU TGRTGUGPV VJG XCNWGU QH GZRGEVCVKQP NKOKVU OGPVKQPGF CDQXG +V KU GXKFGPV VJCV VJG GZRGTKOGPVCN 4 XCNWGU QDVCKPGF YGTG YGNN ITQWRGF CTQWPF VJG OQUV RTQDCDNG XCNWG QH  EQORTKUGF OQUVN[ YKVJKP VJG GZRGEVCVKQP NKOKVUYKVJVJGGZEGRVKQPQHVYQRQKPVU 6JKU CUUGTVKQP YCU CNUQ VGUVGF WUKPI CPQVJGT UVCVKUVKECNVGUV%QPUKFGTKPIVJGHQTOGTRTQRQUGFFKXKUKQP QH VJG GZRGTKOGPVCN FCVC KP UKZ TGIKQPU VJG FCVC UGV EQTTGURQPFKPIVQVJGUGTGIKQPUQPVJG'ZEGNURTGCFUJGGV HQT DQVJ IGTOKPCVKQP DNQEMU YGTG UWDOKVVGF VQ C PQPRCTCOGVTKEXCTKCPEGCPCN[UKUVJG-TWUMCN9CNNKU Cumulative germination (seed number)

4XCNWGYJKEJOWUVTGRTGUGPVVJGVQVCNPWODGTQHVJGUG UWDITQWRU9KVJVJKUXCNWGVJGCRRNKECVKQPQHVJG5KGIGN ŏU VGUVYCURQUUKDNG CUSWQVGFD[5CPVCPCCPF4CPCN 



Block A 3.4ºC Block B 19.9ºC 50

Block A Block B 36.6ºC

Block A Block B

40 30 20 10 0 0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000 12000

Time (min)

(KIWTG)GTOKPCVKQPEWTXGUTGNCVKXGVQDNQEM#CPFDNQEM $HQTIGTOKPCVKQPVGORGTCVWTGUQH%%CPF%

$TC\,2NCPV2J[UKQN  



Value R

2%0 6'+:'+4# GV CN

Temperature (ºC)

(KIWTG  'ZRGTKOGPVCN XCNWGU QH 4 5KGIGNŏU VGUV  HQT IGTOKPCVKQPQPDNQEM#CPFDNQEM$CPCN[\GFKPTQYUQT EQNWOPU HQT FKHHGTGPV VGORGTCVWTGU 6JG FCUJGF NKPGU FGVGTOKPGVJGWRRGTCPFVJGNQYGTNKOKVUQHTGNKCDKNKV[HQT4 XCNWGU VGUV #[TGUGVCN YJGTGGXGT[TGIKQPQPGCEJDNQEM YCU OCVEJGF YKVJ VJG P TGOCKPKPI TGIKQPU 6JKU VGUV YCUCRRNKGFVQVJGFCVCEQTTGURQPFKPIVQ%CPF%

FGRKEVGFKP(KIWTG &WGVQVJGUOCNNPWODGTQHUGGFU IGTOKPCVKPICV%VJKUVGUVEQWNFPQVDGCRRNKGFKPC TGNKCDNG YC[ VQ VJG FCVC EQORWVGF CV VJKU VGORGTCVWTG 6JKU VGUV RTQFWEGF HQT VJG FCVC QDVCKPGF CV % CPF %-TWUMCN9CNNKURTQDCDKNKV[XCNWGUQHCPF  TGURGEVKXGN[ KPFKECVKPI C JKIJN[ JQOQIGPGQWU DGJCXKQTQHVJGYJQNGUGVQHIGTOKPCVKQPFCVCHQTCNNVJG TGIKQPUQPGCEJDNQEMCPFVJGUCOGDGJCXKQTQEEWTTKPI DGVYGGP VJG VYQ DNQEMU 6JGUG TGUWNVU QH 5KGIGNŏU VGUV CPFVJG-TWUMCN9CNNKUVGUVEKVGFCDQXGCTGKPXGT[IQQF CITGGOGPV YKVJ VJG GZRGEVGF TCPFQO PCVWTG QH IGTOKPCVKQPFCVCFKUVTKDWVKQP

&+5%755+10 6JGKPUVTWOGPVCNU[UVGORTGUGPVGFJGTGHQTVJGUVWF[ QHUGGFIGTOKPCVKQPTGRTGUGPVUCPQXGNFGXKEGCPFCSWKVG GHHKEKGPV VQQN HQT VJKU RWTRQUG 6JG FGUETKRVKQP QH VJKU FGXKEGCPFKVUCUUQEKCVGFOGVJQFQNQI[ENGCTN[KPFKECVGU KVU XGTUCVKNKV[ CPF KVU UGXGTCN CFXCPVCIGU KP EQORCTKUQP YKVJVJGEWTTGPVOGVJQFUQHUGGFIGTOKPCVKQPCPCN[UKUCU RQKPVGF QWV KP VJG +PVTQFWEVKQP 6JGUG CFXCPVCIGU CTG DCUGFOCKPN[QPKVUJKIJNGXGNQHCWVQOCVKQPYJGTGVJG KOCIG ECRVWTG D[ VJG KOCIG UGPUQT KU RGTHQTOGF KP C

$TC\,2NCPV2J[UKQN  

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