ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY - York College of Pennsylvania

ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY YORK COLLEGE – Fall 2016 INSTRUCTOR: Dr. Brad Rehnberg OFFICE: LS122 OFFICE HOURS: MW 11:00 – 12:00, T/TH 11:00 - 12:30 am OFFICE PHONE: 815-1262 E-MAIL: [email protected] WEB PAGE: http://faculty.ycp.edu/~brehnber

BIO 308 LECTURE: Monday, Wednesday, Friday from 9:00 to 9:50 am LOCATION: LS126

LAB: Friday from 2:00 to 4:45 pm LOCATION: LS115

TEXT: Hill, R,W., Wyse, G.A. and Anderson, M. 2012. Animal physiology. 3rd ed. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA. LAB MANUAL: None

This course provides an introduction to the physiology of animals. Our approach to the subject will be comparative, involving both vertebrates and higher invertebrates. Every effort will be made to discuss physiological adaptations in the context of natural history, behavior, and ecology. Although our focus will be on organs and organ systems, we will look to the cellular level for mechanisms and to the organismic level for full significance. It's my hope that your experience with this course will foster an appreciation for the incredible range of adaptations found among animals. The laboratory part of the course will provide experience in using a variety of lab methods to investigate both model and real animal systems. You will gain skills in collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and presenting experimental data. Several labs will require written reports in the form of IMRAD-based manuscripts. Everyone: All students enrolling in Animal Physiology should be aware that some lab units involve killing animals. In those instances, non-animal alternative labs are not offered. When animals are killed, we will do it as rapidly and humanely as possible using standard methods. .

LEARNING OUTCOMES Students who complete BIO 308 will … appreciate that physiological adaptations are solutions to environmental challenges understand the nature of challenges encountered by living on land and in water see body size and body temperature as overarching explanatory variables become experienced in handling, manipulating, and observing experimental animals improve their ability to organize, statistically analyze, and present data become better writers by writing IMRAD lab reports and long-essay exam answers

GRADING Three 100 point lecture exams Four Lab Reports

300 335 635

(10%

deduction per day for late lab reports)

Bonus Point Opportunities - Class participation points = 0 – 5 pts - Attendance at Clark Lecture Series = 2 points/lecture Final course grade is determined by the following distribution: 4.0 = EXCELLENT (90-100) … “accomplishment that is truly distinctive and decidedly outstanding” 3.5 = VERY GOOD (85-89) … “denotes mastery of the subject matter” 3.0 = GOOD (80-84) …”considerable understanding of the subject matter” 2.5 = ABOVE AVERAGE (75-79) …”above average understanding of the subject matter” 2.0 = AVERAGE (70-74) …”average understanding of the subject matter” 1.0 = BELOW AVERAGE (60-69) 0.0 = FAILURE (below 60)

Final withdrawal date: Friday, October 28, 2016

EXAMS The lecture exams will consist of a small number of essay questions designed to make you integrate your physiological understanding with information from other science courses. Questions will be based almost exclusively on material discussed in class. Readings in the text will augment and expand upon lecture material -- I strongly urge you to read. Keep your introductory biology text nearby to help when encountering difficult sections in your physiology text. Bring a calculator to all exams.

WRITING To be successful in this course, you will have to be able to write well. If you have difficulty in expressing yourself in writing, you will be at a genuine disadvantage and will have to work that

much harder. All of your writing will be evaluated for content, composition, and grammar. Writing assistance is free and available to all students at the Center for Teaching and Learning. Save all of your written work in more than one location.

ATTENDANCE Regular attendance is expected and is an easy way of enhancing your performance. There will be no makeups for missed lectures or missed labs. If you miss a lab, there will be an automatic point deduction on your lab report. To be eligible to make up a missed exam, you must notify the instructor of your absence BEFORE IT HAPPENS. Without tangible evidence of an attempt at notification, a missed exam will be recorded as a zero. Advance notification of a missed exam can be done in person, or by calling me at extension 1262, or by e-mail.

CELL PHONES Lectures are 50 minutes … silence and avoid using your phone in any way for 50 minutes. Labs are 2 hours 45 minutes … step outside of lab if you must use your phone.

COMPUTER EXPECTATIONS (1) Expertise with Word, Excel, and Prism. (2) Routine checking of your YCP email. Being unaware of information sent via YCP mail may handicap you in this course.

PRINTING Be able to fund the printing of your assignments on an ongoing basis. An assignment submitted late due to lack of funds will be graded as a late assignment (10% deduction per day). Do not email assignments to your instructor as a substitute for a printed version.

DISABILITY SUPPORT If you had an IEP or 504 plan in high school or if you have a disability or health condition that impacts you in the classroom, please contact Linda Miller, Director of Disability Support Services, at 815-1785 or [email protected] to discuss obtaining the accommodations for which you may be eligible. If you already have an accommodation memo and wish to access your accommodations in this class, please see me confidentially to discuss.

LECTURE SCHEDULE Date 8/31 9/2 9/5 9/7 9/9 9/12 9/14 9/16 9/19 9/21 9/23 9/26 9/28 9/30 10/3 10/5 10/7 10/7

Topic Thermal Physiology Thermal Physiology

Text chapter:pages 1:3-17 7,10,11

LABOR DAY – NO CLASS MEETING Thermal Physiology Thermal Physiology Thermal Physiology Thermal Physiology Neurons and nervous systems 12:299-312, 320-324 Neurons and nervous systems 13 Neurons and nervous systems Neurons and nervous systems Neurons and nervous systems Neurons and nervous systems Neurons and nervous systems Neurons and nervous systems Neurons and nervous systems Endocrinology 12:295-298, 16:419-439, Box 16.2 ***EXAM 1*** (in lab)

10/10 10/12 10/14

Endocrinology Endocrinology Endocrinology

10/17

FALL VACATION – NO CLASS MEETING

10/19 10/21 10/24 10/26 10/28 10/31 11/2 11/4 11/7 11/9 11/11

Respiratory system Respiratory system Respiratory system Respiratory system Respiratory system Respiratory system Respiratory system Circulatory system Circulatory system Circulatory system Circulatory system

11/11

***EXAM 2*** (in lab)

11/14 11/16 11/18 11/21

Circulatory system Circulatory system Lab Work Circulatory system

22, 23:584-608, 611-615 24:618-638 9

25, 26

11/23 11/25

THANKSGIVING VACATION – NO CLASS MEETING THANKSGIVING VACATION – NO CLASS MEETING

11/28 11/30 12/2 12/5 12/7 12/9

Osmoregulation Osmoregulation Osmoregulation Osmoregulation Osmoregulation Osmoregulation

12/12

In-class part of EXAM 3

27, 28, 29, 30

12/14 Reading Day __________________________ ***EXAM 3*** during final exam period

LAB SCHEDULE 9/2 Lab 1 – BODY WALL AND HEAT RETENTION IN THE FALL WEBWORM: THE ROLE OF SETAE. Many insect larvae have long “hairs” (setae) projecting from their body. The functions of setae are unclear but may include heat and water retention. We will collect webworms and then measure body temperature of larvae with and without setae under conditions of infrared heating and forced convective cooling. Safety training. (no report) 9/9 Lab 2 – BODY WALL AND WATER RETENTION: ROLE OF CUTICULAR LIPIDS. Terrestrial insects live in desiccating environments and have surface areas and volumes that are unfavorable for maintaining body water. We will use various polar and nonpolar solvents to extract potentially waterproofing substances from the cuticles of webworms and then expose them to desiccating conditions in a wind tunnel. Report due for labs 1-2 (75 pts). 9/16 Lab 3 – (a) INTRODUCTION TO ALLOMETRY. After discussing the concept of allometry, we will make some simple measurements and then derive an allometric equation and make a log-log graph. Read pp. 172-180 and Appendices E and F in your text (no report).

9/23 Lab 4 - INTRODUCTION TO 2-WAY ANOVA. Dr. Hagerty will describe 2-way analysis of variance tests including necessary assumptions about the data and how to interpret p-values (no report) 9/30 Lab 5 - DIFFUSION ACROSS CELL MEMBRANES. The importance of the cell membrane as a selective barrier cannot be overemphasized. Some materials (e.g. steroid hormones, many toxicants, countless drugs) diffuse into cells by virtue of their solubility in lipids. We will experimentally investigate "lipophilicity" by attempting to relate subtle changes in chemical structure of alcohols to their ability to enter the CNS and anesthetize ribbon leeches and fathead minnows (report due - 60 points).

10/7 – LECTURE EXAM 1 (meet in LS115) 10/14 Lab 6 – CALORIC INTAKE AND ENVIRONMENTAL RICHNESS: EFFECTS ON MOUSE DEVELOPMENT. Young mice will be reared in either deprived or enriched environments with normal or high-fat diets for about 4 months. We will evaluate mouse development by using a battery of indicators of metabolic rate, anxiety, fitness, strength, and coordination over 4 lab periods. 10/21 Lab 7 – MOUSE LAB CONTINUED.

10/28 Lab 8 - MOUSE LAB CONTINUED. 11/4 Lab 9 - MOUSE LAB COMPLETED. Report due for Labs 6 – 9 (125 points). 11/11 – LECTURE EXAM 2 (meet in LS115) 11/18 Lab 10 – SWIMMING PERFORMANCE AS INFLUENCED BY STRESS IN FISH. Golden shiners will be challenged in a swim tunnel to swim at increasing water velocities. Blood will be collected, analyzed for plasma glucose and then frozen for later analysis. 11/25 – THANKSGIVING VACATION

12/2 Lab 11 - SWIMMING PERFORMANCE COMPLETED. Plasma from the shiners from Lab 10 will be assayed for the stress hormone cortisol using an ELISA. Report due for labs 10-11 (75 points).

12/9 TBA

Behavior in the Lab * Step outside of lab if you must use your phone * Food and drinks should not be seen or consumed in the lab…this also applies to candy, gum, and tobacco products. * Required: close-toed shoes and long pants * Wear protective gear (eyewear, lab coat, gloves) when appropriate. * Report unsafe conditions to Dr. Rehnberg. * Report all injuries or accidents to Dr. Rehnberg * Wash hands when you leave the lab. * If you are unsure about procedures … please ask. * If you have questions about the nature of chemicals used in lab, visit http://www.siri.org/

ACADEMIC INTEGRITY IN THE DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Science and the teaching of science represent a search for truth and they rest on ethical behavior and intellectual honesty. As such, both the Department of Biological Sciences and York College of Pennsylvania unequivocally condemn academic dishonesty. Academic dishonesty includes cheating, plagiarism, fabricating or falsifying data, falsifying academic documents, and all situations where students make use of the work of others and claim such work as their own. Academic dishonesty also extends to students who knowingly allow others to copy their work. Because the Department of Biological Sciences maintains high expectations for all students and is committed to stringent standards of academic integrity, we contend that all published information, in any form, must not be used unless rigorously paraphrased and properly cited. When a faculty member believes a student has committed an act of academic dishonesty, the faculty member must promptly notify the student in writing and obtain confirmation of notification from the student. The faculty member then has ten business days from that written notification to the student to report the incident to the Dean of Academic Affairs and the Department Chair. Documentation related to instances of academic dishonesty will be kept on file in the student’s permanent record. The faculty member has full discretion to determine a suitable penalty for the student, up to a course grade of 0. This discretion is limited to the course in which the dishonesty took place. Students may not withdraw from a course in which they have been accused of academic dishonesty, unless and until the accusation is withdrawn by the faculty member or is overturned by the Student Welfare Committee or the Dean of Academic Affairs. Students who believe they have been unjustly charged or sanctioned must discuss the situation with the faculty member and have 10 business days thereafter to submit an appeal to Student Welfare Committee through the Dean of Academic Affairs. If an appeal is filed, the Student Welfare Committee will then conduct a hearing to review the charge and/or sanction. In the case of an egregious first offense, the faculty member may request that the Student Welfare Committee conduct a hearing and determine a sanction, which may involve academic probation, suspension or dismissal from the College. If the Dean of Academic Affairs determines that the academic dishonesty is the student’s second offense, the Dean will provide written notification to the student, the faculty member, and the Department Chair. The Student Welfare Committee will automatically conduct a hearing to review the charge and decide on an appropriate sanction, which will involve academic probation, suspension or dismissal from the College. Students who believe the Student Welfare Committee has unjustly sanctioned them may submit a written appeal to the Dean of Academic Affairs within 72 hours of receiving notification of the Student Welfare Committee’s sanction. If questions about academic integrity arise, see the course instructor before completing and submitting your work. In addition, specific information about the York College of Pennsylvania Academic Integrity Policy can be found in the most recent edition of the Student Handbook. Sign below: Student’s Name: (Please Print) _________________________________________

I, _________________________, have read this statement and I understand and accept departmental and college expectations of academic integrity and ethical conduct.