Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden

NOTES ON MAGNOLIACEAE Ill: THE MAGNOLIACEAE OF CHINA 1 Chen Bao Liangt2 and Hans P. Nooteboom 3 ABSTRACT Five genera of Magnoliaceae occur in China; these and the 81 indigenous and 7 cultivated species they contain are described here. In Magnolia, 28 wild and 4 cultivated species are recognized. Magnolia nitida var. robusta is newly described, and Magnolia lotungensis is reduced to Magnolia nitida var. lotungensis. In Manglietia, 17 indigenous and 1 cultivated species are recognized. Section .Manglietiastrum is transferred from Magnolia to Manglietia, and Magnolia sinica is renamed .Manglietia sinica. .Manglietia forrestii is reduced to .Manglietia fordiana var. forrestii, Manglietia kwangtungensis is reduced to Manglietia fordiana var. kwangtungensis, and 1Hanglietia calcarea is reduced to Manglietia fordiana var. calcarea. In Kmeria, one species is recorded for China. In Michelia, 34 indigenous and 1 cultivated species are recognized. Section Tsoongiodendron, based on Tsoongiodendron W. Y. Chun, is recognized with one species, .Michelia odora; section Paramichelia, based on Paramichelia H. H. Hu, is recognized with one species in China . .Michelia elliptilimba is newly described. Mic helia crassipes is reduced to .Michelia figo var. crassipes. In Liriodendrort one indigenous and one cultivated species are recognized. An identification list of all the collections studied, as well as a bibliography of Chinese Magnoliaceae, is given at the end of the paper.

The first author collected specimens of Mag- noliaceae over a period of several years in China, especially in Yunnan. Apart from describing many new species, he wrote his thesis (in Chinese) on the Magnoliaceae of China. Because he did not have the opportunity to study the types in Western herbaria, or enough collections from southern Asia outside China, his earlier work could only be preliminary. The second author published on the generic delimitation of Magnoliaceae and gave an account of the genera and species occurring in Malesia (Nooteboom, 1985, 1987). The present publication is the result of a joint Dutch -Chinese cooperation spanning 18 months at the Rijksherbarium at Lei- den. Sadly, soon after Chen Baa Liang returned to China in May 1991 , he died from cancer. TERMINOLOGY

A few terms are used in this study that are not familiar to all taxonomists. Pedicle is not a pedicel, but the internode, if present, between the upper- most bract and the perianth. Literally, a brachyblast is a short shoot. In Magnoliaceae it means the shoot that bears the flower: it is terminal in Magnolieae and axillar in Mic hclicac. In Magno- lieae, however, this character is called a peduncle becau se often it is longer. Innovations are the youn- gest parts of the twigs, often including stipules, that are still growing. A list (List 1) of taxa and keys in the order in which they appear in the text follows the Bibliography. The numbering system in the text corresponds to that of List 1, Page 1096.

Magnoliaceae A.L. de Jussieu, Gen. Pl. 280. 1 789 (Magnoliae). Trees or shrubs, glabrous, or with an indumentum of single hairs. Leaves spirally arranged, sim - ple, entire or 2 -10-lobed, penninerved, evergreen or deciduous; stipules present, at first enclosing and protecting the buds, early caducous and lea v - ing an annular scar around the node. Flowers terminal or pseudoaxillary on a short shoot ( brachyblast) in the axils of the leaves, bisexual, rarel y unisexual. Brachyblast or peduncle bearing 1 or more caducous spathaceous bra c ts, which leave annular scars. The highest bract either directly below the perianth or a pedicle present between bract and perianth. Perianth s piral or spiroc yclic, 1 We thank the directors and curators of P, K, E, and BM for the opportunity to study their collections and of the following herbaria for sending collections on loan: A, BM, E, GXMI, IBSC, K, KUN, LBG, MO, NY, P, PE, SYS, US, W. We thank the Dutch minister of Science and Education for providing, in the framework of the ChineseDutch Scientific Cooperation, the funds for Chen Bao Liang to spend 18 months in the Netherlands. 2 Zhongshan University, Guangzhou, China. 3 Rijksherbarium / Hortus Botanicus, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.

ANN. MissouRI BoT. GARD.

80: 999-1104. 1993.

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Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden

undifferentiated or differen tiated into a (pseudo-) calyx and corolla, perianth members 6 or more, free, imbricate. Stamens numerous, free, spirall y arranged; filaments short or ± elongated; anthers linear, 2-locular dehiscing introrsely, latrorsely, or rarely extrorsely; connective usually ± produced into an appendage. Gynoccium sessile or stipitate (and then a gynophore present); carpels numerous to few (rarely one), spirall y arranged, free or som e- times concrescent; ov ules 2 or more, bise riate on the ventral suture. Fruit apocarpous, sometimes syncarpous; fruiting carpels (follicles) opening along the dorsal and /or ventral suture, or circumscissile, rarely indehiscent. Seeds 1 or more in each fruiting carpel, large, in dehiscent carpels with arilloid testa and pendulous from the elongated spiral vessels of the funiculus (in Uriodendron, with indehiscent fruits, adherent to the endocarp and not arilloid); endosperm copious, oily; embryo minute. Note 1. Nooteboom (1985) provided an introduction to the famil y with chapters on anatom y, embryology, ph y tochemistr y , pal ynology, mor phology, and subdivision of the family. Dandy (l927a) gave an account of the genera, which he emended in Hutchinson ( 1964a) and Praglowski (1974). Praglowski (1974) gave an account of the pollen. The cultivated species were extensively treated by Treseder (1978). Note 2. As in man y other families, the delimitation of species in Magnoliaceae is often difficult becau se of high variabilit y. Because recently many more collect ions, and also types of s pecies that were desc ribed before World War II, became available, many species could be reduced to sy non y my. It should be kept in mind that even within popu - lations variabilit y is high . For example, Magnolia sprcngeri Pampanini, when grown from seed, dis- plays much variability. The beautiful Magnolia var. diva is vegetatively propagated because the seedlings often are disappointing, showing a spec- trum of offspring with not always attractive flowers. Several botanists would be inclined to desc ribe these seedlings and their mother tree as man y different s pecies. KEY TO THE GENERA OF MAGNOIJACEAE 1.

Leaves 2-10-lobed, the apex truncate or widely emarginate; anthers extrorse; fruits samaroid. --------------------------------------------------V. Li riodend ron 1. Leaves entire or occasionally 2-lobed or emarginate; anthers introrse or latrorse; follicles dehiscent or circumscissile, not samaroid. 2( 1). Growth monopodia!; flowers on brachyblasts in the axils of the leaves; gynoecium distinctly 2.

2

Growth sympodial; flowers terminal on the

twigs. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 3(2). Flowers unisexual; tepals 6-7, subequal. ---------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- II. K meria 3.

4.

Flowers bisexual or androdioecious; tepals 9 or more, sometimes the outer whorl calyxlike. 4 4(3). Ovules 4 or more in each carpel; the hair base replaces a normal epidermal cell, so that the loss of a hair leaves a pore in the cutical membrane. -----------------------------------------------------------II. Mangliet ia Ovules 2 in each carpel ( 4 in Magnolia kachirachirai, 2-5 in Magnolia ca thcartii), sometimes 4 in the lower carpels; the hair base consists of at least two epidermal cells, and a hair does not leave a pore after it is shed. ------------------------------------------------------- I. Magnolia

MAGNOLIACEAE subfamily MAGNOLIOIDEAE Leaves entire or occasionall y 2-lobed at the apex; stipules free from the petiole or adnate to it. An - thers introrse or latrorse. Follicles longitudinally dehiscent or circumscissile and then at least the base remaining adnate to the torus, free or concrescent into a sy ncarp. Testa free from the endocarp, externally arilloid . TRIBES

Tribe Magnolieae Growth sympodial (flowers terminal on the twigs). Follicles free or concrescent. Genera: Magnolia,

Manglietia, and Kmaia. Tribe Michclieae Law Yuh -w u, Acta Ph y totax. Sinica 22: 106. 1984.

Growth monopodia) (flowers arisi ng on brachy· blasts in the axils of the leaves). Genera: Elmer- rillia Dandy, with four species in Malesia, none in China, and Michclia L. (See page I 052.) TRIBE 1\IAGNOLIEA E

I. Magnolia L., Sp. Pl. 535. 1753. TYPE

SPECI ES:

Magnolia

vi rginiana

L. (eastern U nited

States). Talauma Juss., Gen. Pl. 281. 1789. Magnolia sect. Talauma Baill., Adansonia 7: 3, 66. 1866. Mag- nolia subg. Talauma Pierre, Fl. For. Cochinch. l : sub t. l. 1880. TYPE SPECIES: Talauma plumierii (Schwartz) A. DC. (Magnolia plumierii Schwartz). Aromadendron Blume, Bijdr .: 10. 1825. Talauma sect. Aromadendron Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 4: 70. TYPE SPECIE..:>: Li 281. West e rn llubei : Chienshih Hsien, llenr y A 4886, C how 1/.C. 136 7 ; Patung Hsien, Chow 1/ .C. 46, Wilson E.ll. 6 52, llenr y A 14 75 ,549, 371 1. J i angxi : Kuling, Lotus Valley, C hiao C. l: 18759; Ku-ling, C1umg 11.11. & S.C. Sun

680; Sa-tiu-hong, Yungshiu, Eiang >: 10616; Kin- kiang, Wilson E. /I . 1649. Si chuan : Kuan Hsien, Wang F.T 20441; Mt. Omei, Yu TT 5 17 , Chiao C.>: & C.S. Fan 436; Wan Hsien, Mou-tao-chi, 1/wa C.T 38. Xi- zang: Moupin, rt7erner E. s.n. Western & southern Zh ejian g: 50 liN of Sia chu, Ching H.C. 1610; Lungt - suan, //o l:l: 3201; 1\tokanshan, Jleyer f X 157 2; Swen chi, sou thern Yentang, 1/u H./I . 93; Tien tai shan, H uating, Chiao C.Y field no. 1050, herb. no. 14349. The species is also reported from sout hern Shaa nxi .

Tn forest. Altitude: 300-1,300 m. Flowering Ma y-June; fruiti ng August -Oc tober. Rark, root - hark, flowers and seeds all used for medicinal purposes; seeds also for extraction of oil; wood yellowish brown, s traight -grained and fine-textured, soft , used for cons truction, vef,'c ology.

l

('S.

Volume 80, Number 4 1993 Chen & Nooteboom Magnoliaceae of China 1011

neer, furniture, and musical instruments. Because of its dense crown, large leaves, and beautiful flow - ers, the tree is grown as an ornamental. Collector's notes. Leaves whitish beneath; hark smooth, gray; flowers white or purple; fruits erect, green, turning purplish or purple-red; seed s sca rlet. Notes. Magnolia officina/i s resembles .llagnolia hypoleuca in many c haracters except in the shape of the basal follicles of the ripe fruits, the degree of the indument of the pedicles, and the c olor of the twigs. In this regard, Spongberg (1976) has already compared the two species in detail; we agree with his observations. However, there are not sufficient collections available, particularl y of living material, to se ttle the problem. Therefore, the two are treated as distinct species here. This species was included as 1\fagno/ia hypoleuca auct. [non Siebold & Zucc. (1845)] h y Dicls ( 1900), Finet & Gagnepain ( 1905, pro parte), E. Wilson ( 1906) excluding d esc ription of the fruit., and Fang Wen Pei ( 1942). 9. Magnolia rostrata W. W. Smith., Notes Hoy. Bot. Card. Edinburgh 7: 213. 1920. TYPE: Forrest 15052 (lectot y pe, selected here, E; isolectotype, K). Dec iduou s tree to 24 m high; bark pale gray; twigs stout, 7-14 mm diam., yellow to purple- brown when dry, glabrous and smooth, covered with a gray waxy substance. Stipules glabrous, dull yell ow-green, u sually covered with wax y substance, adnate to the base of the petiole, stipular sca rs 1.5-3.5 em long. Lea ves thinl y coria ceous, green, glossy and glabrous above, glaucou s, sparsely scattered-pubescent with rather long, c risped, brown hairs, glabrescent beneath, 5-7 crowded together at the end of the twigs, ohovate, 31-36.5(-53) x 19-20.5(-28) em; apex broadly rounded , with a ca. 3-mm-long short-a cute tip, base obtu se; midrib conspicuously elevated beneath, nerves prominent beneath, in 28-36 pairs, reti c ulation c oarsel y netted, visible on both sid es. Petiole stout, pubescent , glahrescent, 2.5-6 em long. Peduncles ca. 2.5 x 1 em, pedicles ca. 1.3 em long. Flowers appearing after the leaves, heavil y scen ted; tepal s 10-11, the outer 3 green, slightl y flushed with pink outside, pink inside. oblong-elliptic, 8-13 x 2.5-5.6 em, reflexed, the inner tepals 6, white, e rect, spathulate to obova te , 11-13 x 4-4.5 ern; stamens purple- red, 1.4- l.7 e m long, anthers dehiscing introrsely, connec t ive appendage triangular, 1-1 .5 mrn long, filaments 4-5 mm lon g; gynoecium cylindric, glabrou s, 2.3-4 x 1-1.3 em, ca rpels many; torus with the scars of perianth and stamens 1.2-1.9 x 0.6-1 em. Fruiting peduncles 1.5-3.5 x 1-1.7 em, pedicles 2-10 x 8 mm, sometimes absent, both glabrou s. Fruits cylindric, e rect, 12 -20.5 x 3-5 e m, apex gradually narrowing, base broadl y rounded; ripe carpels 1-1.5 ern long in the lower and 0.7-1.2 em long in upper car pels, beak to 68 mm long, incurved. Seeds irregularl y sh aped, flat, ca. 7 x 5 mm. Distribution. Northeastern Burma and China. I n CHI- NA. Xizang: Mt. K enichunpo, U pper Salween Ri ver, Rock ].F. 22607; Salween ridge, Champutong, 10160; 1\It. Ken yich unpo, Cham putong, 11215; Tsarong, Forre st G. 20827. Yunnan : Mount Gitsa, Rock ].F. 1 7097 , 18394; N Waikha -Salwin divide, 26°30'N, Forrest G. 18246; Salween-Kui Chiang divide, 27°N, 98°35'E, Forrest G. 25751; Taron-Taru divide, Ahtemai, Yu T.T. 20894.

Ecology. In broad-leaved forest. Altitude: 2,400-2,800 m. Flowering April -l\lay; fruiting September-Oc tober. Collector's n ote. Lea ves ve r y large; flowers sweet-smelling, tepals 10-12, thick and fleshy, white, ivor y, to white flu shed rose or rose-pink, appearing before the foliage. Note. The desc ription of the flowers in Smith ( 1920) does not appl y to this spec ies .

Ia-3. Magnolia section Oyama Nakai, Fl. Sylv. Koreana 20: 117. 1933. "lla gnolia sect. Co- phantera Dand y, Curtis Bot. Ma g. 159: sub. t. 9467. 1936. TYPE: " llagnolia 8ieboldii K. Koc h. Deciduous shr ub or tree. Stipules adna t e to pe t - iole. Leaves ± pale green or glaucous, evenly distributed; midrib not prominent a bove. Flowers hisexual; tepals subequal; connec tive not produced into an appendage, retuse or blunt; anthe rs d ehiscing introrsel y . Gynoecium not stipita t e. Scars of bracts 1 . Fruits at least finally consis ting of free follicles, which d e hisce along the dorsal s uture. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF .liAGl\'OUA SECTION ()yAMA

I. Leaves not glaucous beneath; pedicles 13 -17 mm; nerves in 9 - 12 pairs; gynoecium 15-20 mm high. 12. .llagnolia sinrnsi8 1. Leaves gla u cous beneath. 2 2(l ). Gynoecium 23-25 mm high; nervt>s in 8- 1 I pairs; ped iclt>s 5- 25 nun. 10. J lagnolia globosa 2. G ynoeciurn 13-20 mm high. . 3 3(2). Reticulation rather obscure; nerves in 6-8 pairs; pedicle 2 - 2.8 rnrn. 11. Jlawwlia sirlwldii 3. Reticulation distinct; ner ves in l 0 12 pairs; pedicle 5 7 llllll. 13. Jlapwlia U' t"l. onit

1012


10. Magnolia glohosa Hook. f. & Thomson, Fl. Ind. I: 77. 1855. TYPE: Sikkim, alt. 2,7003,000 m, ]. D. llook. s.n. (holotype, K; isotype, GH). .Magnolia tsarongensis W. W. Smith & Forrest, Notes Roy. Bot. Gar d. Edinburgh 12: 215. 1920. Forrest 18870 (lectotype, selected here, A; isolectotypes, E, K).

TYPE:

G.

Deciduou s small tret" to I 0 m high, flowers appearing at the same time or before the leaves; young twigs purple-brown or dull brown, 4 -5 mm diam., at first densely appressed or shaggily hairy with yellowish, brown to rusty-brown hairs, soon glabrous; terminal winter bud s densely brown pubescent. Stipules yellowish sericeous or brown villou s, adnate to higher on the petiole, stipular scars usually over half the length of the petiole, 15-42 nun long. Leaves membranous, dark green, usuall y dull brown when dry, sparsely pubescent along the midrib and nerves above, glaucou s, villou s with long, undulate to crisped, colorless or brownish hairs, later glabrescent beneath, ovate, broadly ovate, elliptic, occasionally obovate, 12.5-21(-26) x 6-11.5(-15) e m; apex acute to rounded, Lase rounded to somewhat cordate or truncate; midrib and nerves prominent beneath, nerves in 8-11 pairs, reticulation coarse, visible below. Pe tiole densely pubescent, glabrescent, 2-5 em long. Flowers fragrant, cup-shaped to subglobuse, pendent or nodding, 6-7.5 em diam ., peduncles densely villou s with gray, brown, or ru sty-brown hairs, 3.7 -6.5( -7.5) x 0.2-0.4 em, pedicles 5-25 mm long; tepals 9-12, cream y white, subequal, obovate to spathulate, 4-7.5 X 2-4 em, apex rounded, base obtuse, u s ually constricted into short claws; stamens crimson, 12-18 mm long, anthers dehiscing introrsely, connective ret use or rounded, filaments 1-4 mm long; gynoecium green, ellipsoid, 2.3-2.5 x 0.5-0.8 em. Fruiting peduncles 6.59 X 0.3-0.5 em, glabrous or hairy. Fruits cylindric, 2.5-9 X 2-2.5 em; ripe carpels I.7 -3 em lung in the lower and 1-2 em lung in the upper carpels, apically with beak s 3-6 mm long; scars of perianth and stamens along the torus 6- I2 X 7 -11 mm. Seed s ovoid, ca. I 0 x 8 mm. Distribution. Northeastern Assam, eastern Himala- ya, China, northern Burma. In CHINA. Southwestern Sichuan: Wen Chaun Hsien, Wilson E.ll. 1422. South- eastern Xizang: Mountains of Champutong, Rock ].F. 22047 ; Putsang River, Rong To valley, Zayul, Kingdon Ward F. 10973. Northwestern Yunnan : Salween- Kui Chiang divide, 23°24'N, 98°28'E, Forrest G. 20866; SalwinKiu Chiang divide, Si chi to, 28°45'N, 98°18'E,

21722; Tsarong, Salwin-Kui Chiang divide 28°24'N, 98°24'E, 20303; Meng-hua, Chukai, Yi1 T7: 15854; Salween-Djiou-Djiang, under Tschamputong, llarrd .-.Ma zz. 9212; Salwin-Kiukiang divide, Yu T.T. 1925 1; Sikang, Li .M .K. 2329; Sitiping, between Lipiang and Weihsi, Ching R.C. 22016; Wei si Hsien, Warrg C. W 63981; Xue long Shan, Feng K..M . 4813.

Ecology.

In mixed forest or thickets. Altitude:

1,900-3,300 m. Flowering 1\tay -July; fruiting August -September. l z es. Seeds and leaves used for volatile oil, tree cultivated as an ornamental. Collector's notes . \Vith brown hairs on bracts, petioles, and under leaves; flowers snow white, cream y white, or greenish white, pendent and fragrant; fruits greenish, fleshy; seeds red. Note. }/dania japonica Spach var. globosn ( Hook . f. & Thomson) P. Parmentier (1895) is a nomen nudum.

11. Magnolia sieboldii K. Koc h, llort. Den- drol.: 4. 1853. Magnolia oyama Kart, Hevue Horticulture Beige 3I: 258. I905. Magnolia Z' erecunda Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 40: 339. 1926. SYNTYPES: K. Ito s.n . L 908- 126 - 1110, fertile (L), sine leg. 1.- lJOB-126 - 10.13 (L). Deciduous treelet to 10 m high; young twigs slender, 1-2 mm diam., yellow - brown, dark brown, or purple-brown, at first densely appressed - pubesce nt with yellowish white hairs, later gla brous, smooth. Stipules sparsely to densely hairy with gray - yellow or brownish hairs, adnate to the petiole, scars up to over or under halfway on the petiole, 5-40 mm long. Leaves c hartaceous, d ark bright

green, glabrous to s parsely pubescent with fine hairs above, glaucou s, sparsely to densely covered with appressed short or long, colorless or brownish, usually straight to rarely undulate hairs beneath; obovate or broadly obovate, 3-15(-20) X 2-9(-12) em; apex acute to acuminate with acumen 5-10 mm long, base rounded to truncate; midrib and nerves prominent below, nerves in 6-8 pairs, reticulation coarse, obscured. Petiole appressed-hairy, I -4( -6.5) em long. Flowers together with the leaves, cup-shaped to saucer-shaped, nodding or pendent, fragrant, 7 - I 0 em diam.; peduncles slen - der, densely hairy with gray - white or brownish hairs, 3.8-4.5 x O.I -0.2 em, pedicles 2-2.8 mm long, sometimes absent; tepals 9-12, white, subequal, 3.5-6 x 2-3.5 em, the outer 3 obovate, reflexed in full bloom, the inner tepals 6, spathulate to broadly obovate, usuall y with short claw at the bases; stamens purple- red, 8-15 mm long, anthers dehiscing introrsel y, connective blunt, ca. 0.5 mm long, filaments ca . 3 mm long; gynoecium green, ellipsoid, I.5-1.7 x 0.4-0.6 em; carpels narrowly


elliptic, ca. 1 em long. Fruiting peduncles glabrous to densely brownish pubescent, 6.2-7 x 0.2-0. em. Fruits cylind ric, rarely ovoid, 3-4 x 1.2- l.7 em; ripe carpels apically with 4-12-mm-long beaks. erect or recurved; torus with scars of perianth and stamens 4-10 x 3-5 mm. Seeds subcorda te to irregularly shaped, ca. 6 -7 X 6 mm. Distribution. China, Korea, and Japan. In CHINA. Anhui : San Hua Wu, Huangshan, Deng & Yao 79192. Northern Guangxi : Quan Xian, Chun }F. 81654; Xing An, Chen Z.Z. 51165 ; Zi Yuan, Tsoong C.ll. 83515. Guizhou : Lei Gong Shan, Cao Zi-yu 369; Lei Shan Xian, ]ian Z.P. 50796. Liaoning : Huan Ren Xian, Wang Tf/.1191, Wang C.S. 4065. Sichuan: Ma-pien Hsien, Wang F.T. 22816; Wenchuan Hsien, Wang F.T. 21080. ?Yunnan: Wang C. W 89858.

f.'cology.

In forest. Altitude 1,500-1,800 m. Flowering May-June; fruiting August -September. ( 7se s. Used for medicinal purposes; grown as

an ornamental. Collector's note s. rose tip.

Small tree or shrub; flowers nodding, white and fragrant; stamens creamy white, with

Not('S. Siebold & Zuccarini (1845) treated this s pecies as Magnolia parvijlora [non Blume (1825)], while Komarov (1904) used the name Magnolia conspicua [non Salisbury (1806)].

12. Magnolia sinensis (Rehder & E. H. Wilson) Stapf, Bot. Mag. (Curtis ) 149: t. 9004. 1924. Magnolia globosa Hook . f. & Thomson var. sinensis Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sarg., Pl. Wilson. 1: 393. 1913. Magnolia si('boldii K. Koch subsp. sinensis (Rehder & E. H. Wilson) Spongberg, J. Arnold Arbor. 57: 279, f. 3, h -i. 1976. TYPE: E. II. TVilson 1·122 (holotype, A; isotypes, E, GH, US). Deciduous shrub or small tree to 5 m high; young twigs purple-brown, dark purple, purple-gray to gray, slender, ca. 3 mm diam., densely yellow or brownish villous at first, glabrescent later, old twigs brown-gray, smooth , glabrous to barely hairy. Stip- nles densely appressed-pubescent with brownish or yellowish hairs, adnate to the petiole, scars 2-3 em long. Leaves chartaceous, green, finely pubescent over the surface or only along midrib and nerves above, pale green, at first densely covered with rather long, crisped , colorless or brownish hairs, soon glabrescent beneath, elliptic, broadly elliptic, obovate to broadly obovate, 10-16( -21.5) x 6-9(-13) em; apex rounded or mucronate, base obtuse; nerves visible helow, in 9-12 pairs, reticulation coarse. Petiole densely yellowish villous, 2.5-4( -7) em long. Flowers appearing with the leaves, nodding, fragrant, cup-shaped, 8-12(-15) em diam. when fully open; peduncles densel y or sparsely pubescent, 3.5-6.5 X 0.2-0.5 e m, pedicles 1.3-1. 7 em long; tepals 9, white, s ubequal, the outer 3 ovate to elliptic, 4-5.5 X 1. 7-2.7 em, the inner tepals 6, broadly obovate, with short claw at the bases, 4.5-7 X 3-5.6 em; stamens red, 914 mm long, anthers dehiscing introrsely, connective rounded to mucronulate, ca. 0.5 rnm long, filaments 1 -2 mm long; gynoecium green, narrowly obovoid-ellipsoid, 1.5-2 X 0.4-0.7 em , ca rpels narrow and long, styles 3-4 mm long. Fruiting peduncles 4-6.5 x 0.2-0.5 em. Fruits cylindric, 5.5-7.5 x 1.3-1.7 em; ripe carpels ellipsoid, 1.72.5 em long in the lower and 1-1.3 em in the upper carpels, beak s 2-5 mm long, rec urved; torus with scars of perianth and stamens 8-10 X 4-9 mm. Distribution.

CHINA: northwestern Sichuan .

Uses.

The tree is used as an ornamaental. There is still disagreement about the rank of this s pecies. Ueda's (1980) observation and judgment dealing with this species seem ac- cura te. We agree with his view that Jlagnolia sinensis should not be treated as a subspecies of Magnolia siPboldii. Note.

13. Magnolia wilsonii (Finet & Gagnep.) Reh- der in Sarg. Pl. Wilson. 1: j95: 191 3. llfag- nolia parVt jlo ra var. zcilsonii Finet & Gag- nep., Bull. Soc. Bot. France (Memoires) 4: 39. 1905. TYPE: E. H. rn /son 313 7 (holotype, A; isotypes, BM, K, US). Magnolia nicholsoniana Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sarg. Pl. Wilson. 1: 394. 1913. Magnolia wilsonii f.

nicholsoniana (Rehder & E. H. Wilson) Rehder, ]. Arnold Arbor. 20: 91. 1939. TYPE: E. II . Wilson 838 (holotype, A; isotypes, Bl\1, K, US). Magnolia taliensis W. W. Smith, Notes Roy. Bot. Card. Edinburgh 8: 341. 1915. Magnolia lihfera var. taliensis (W. W. Smith) Pamp., Bull. Soc. Tosc. Ortic. 41: 137. 1916. J!agnolia 1cilsonii f. taliensis (W. W. Smith) Rehder, Man. Cult. Trees: 249. 1940. TYPE: G. Forrest 7182 (holotype, E; isotypes, BM, K).

Deciduous shrub or small tree to 8 m high; bark gray-brown; young twigs slender, 2-3 mm diam., brown-purple to gray, densel y villous with yellowish to brown hairs, later glabrescent, smooth and s parsely lenticellate, old twigs gray-black , glabrous, glabrescent. Stipules densely yellow to yellowish white villous with silky hairs, adnate to the petiole, stipular scars nearl y up to the base of the blad e, 1-2.5(-5.4) em long. Leaves charta ceous, dark


1014

green, glabrous or sparsely pubescent over the surfaces to only hairy along both midrib and nerves above; glaucous, glabrous, sometimes only pubescent along midrib and nerves, or thinly to densely pubescent with short to long, colorless to brownish, straight, slightly curved to rather crisped hairs everywhere beneath; usually narrowly ovate to obovate, sometimes broadly ovate to elliptic, 914.5(-22) x 3.5-6( -10) em; apex acute or acuminate, base rounded or sometimes slightly cordate; midrib and nerves visible on both sides, nerves in 10-12 pairs, reticulation coarse. Petiole slender, densely covered with sa me indumentum as young twigs, soon glabrescent, 2-4(-5.6) em long. Flow - ers appearing with the leaves, at first cup-shaped to saucershaped, later pendent, white, fragrant; peduncles slender, brown-villous with silky hairs, glabrescent, 13-45 X 2-3 mm, pedicles 5-7 mm long; bracts pubescent; tepals 9(-12), subsimilar, the outer 3 elliptic, apically rounded to acute, 4.56 x 1.5-3 em, the inner tepals 6, broadl y obovate to spathulate, apically rounded, basally short clawed, 2.7-6.5 x 1.3-4.5 em; stamens 9-12

Ia-4. Magnolia sec tion Gynopodium Dandy, Curtis Bot. Mag. 155: t. 16. 1948. Magnolia nitida \V. W. Smith.

TYPE SPE CIES:

Parakmeria Hu & Cheng, Acta Phytotax. Sinica 1, 2: 1. 1951. TYPE SPECIES: Parakmeria omeiensis Hu & Cheng. Micheliopsis H. Keng, Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 8: 207, t. 345. 1955. TYPE SPECIES: Micheliopsis kachira chirai (Kaneh. & Yamam.) H. Keng. Evergreen tree, entirely glabrous. Stipules free. Leaves evenl y distributed. Midrib prominent above, at least toward base, or not. Flowers androdioecious. Tepals subequal. Connective produced into a short or long appenda ge. Anthers dehisci ng introrsel y. Gynoecium stipitate. Number of ovules per carpel 2, sometimes 4 in the lower carpels {rarely 4 in each ca rpel). Fruits at least finall y consisting of free follicles, which dehisce along the dorsal suture. KEY TO TilE SPECIES OF SECflON GtN0/'0/)/l iM

,\IAGNOUA

l.

Outer tepals 3.1-5 em long.

_ _

2

.. .. .. _

mm long, purple-red, connective rounded, fila - ments ca. 2 mm long; gynoecium green, ovoid cylindric, 13-20 x 5-6 mm; toru s with the sca rs of perianth and stamens ca. 6 x 6 mm. Fruiting peduncles glabrous, 30-45 x 2 -3 mm, pedicles 8-15 mm long. Fruits pendent, cylindric, 3-6.5 x l -2 em; ripe carpels ellipsoid, 1.7 -2.6 e m long in the lower and 1-2 em lon g in the upper carpels, with beak s 2-5 mm long. Seeds subcordate to irregularly shaped, 5-7 x 5-6 mm. Distribution. CHINA. Guizhou : Xing Yi Xian, An Shun Exped . 1112. Western & central Sichuan: Nai- tan to pain yi pu, Smith, Harr y 1953; Tachinhu, Wilson E.ll. 1374; Wa shan, 838. Yunnan: Tze-tchou-pa, Maire E.E. 866; Tali range, 25°40'N, l00°5'E, Forrest G. 27941; Yun Hsien, .McLarens's collectors L 66 .A; Liao Tseng, C 92; Kou ty, Pe yen tsin, Ten Simeon 564; Chienchuan -Mekong divide, Forrest G. 23480; N end of Cangshan, Sino-British Experl. 655.

In forest. Altitude: l ,900-3,300 m. Flowering May-1 une, fruiting September -Oc tober . Bark used for medicinal purposes; the tree is grown as an ornamental. Collector's notes. Flowers sa ucer- shaped, drooping, fragrant, pure white; stamens bright red or violet. Note. E. Wilson {1906) dealt with this species erroneously under Magnolia glo!JOsa I look. f. & Thomson. Ecology. Uses.

1.

Outer tepals 2.5-3 em long. 2( 1). Midrib of leaf prominent above, at least filaments 1-3 mm, connective appendage 15a . Magnolia nitida var. 2. Midrib of leaf not prominent above;

4 toward base; leaves ovate, base broadly cuneate or rounded; of anthers 2-4 mm.

nitida leaves elliptic, obovate, or narrowly elliptic, base cuneate or

3.

narrowly cuneate; filaments 2 -2.5 or 7 mm; connective appendage of anthers 1-1.5 nun. . 3 3(2). Peduncle 6 mm thick; leaves narrowly elliptic, base narrowly cuneate; flower creamy white, outer tepals thin, oblong; filaments 7 rnm . . ............................................... 16. Magnolia omeiensis Peduncle 3-4 mm thick; leaves elliptic or obovate, base cuneate; flower yellowish green, tepals su bsirnilar, obO\•ate or spat hulate; fila· ments 2 -2.5 mm . . 14.

Magnolia kachiraclrirai 4( 1 ). Peduncle 3-4 mm thick; midrib of leaf not prominent above; outer tepals obovate or spathulate; filaments 2-2.5 mm long; gynoecium exserted from stamens; fruits 2-2.5 em long. 14. Ma gnolia kachirachirai 4. Peduncle 5-9 mm thick; midrib of leaf prominent above, at lea st toward base; outer tepals ovate, filaments 1 mm long; gynoecium entirely hidden within androecium, fruits 3.55 7.5 em long. . 5(4). Gynoeciurn 8 rnrn high; reticulation of leaf distinct; connective appendage of anthers 0.5 mm long; gynoeci um narrowly ovoid; scars of perianth and stamens along torus under fruit 6-7 mm long. . ............................. ........ ............... ................................... 15c. Magnolia nit ida var. robusta 5. Gynoeciurn 16 mm high; reticulation rather obscure, connective appenda ge 2-4 mm long;

Volume 80, Number 4

1993 Chen & Nooteboom Magnoliaceae of China

1015

gynoecium ovoid, scars of perianth and stamens along torus under fruit 2-4 mm long. ------------------------- 15b. Magnolia nitida var. lotungcnsis

14. Magnolia kachirachirai (Kanehira & Ya- mamoto) Dandy, Kew Bull. 1927: 264. 1927. Michelia kachirachirai Kanehira & Yama- moto, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 84: 78. 1926. Micheliopsis kachirachirai Keng, Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 8: 210, pl. 1 and f. 1. 1955. Parakmeria kachirachirai Law in W. C. Cheng, Sylva Sinica 1: 473. 1983. TYPE: Karzehira, 1924 (holotype, TAIF not seen). Evergreen glabrous tree to 17 m high and 1.2 m diam., bark dark brown, smooth, young twigs 2-3 mm diam., dull dark brown, smooth, old ones gray, longitudinally fissured; terminal buds ovoid to elliptic, dull brown, 13-16 x 3-4 mm. Stipules free from the petiole. Leaves thinly coriaccous, dark green above, green beneath, elliptic to obovate, 6.5-12(-20) x 2-3(-5) em; apex acute to short-acumi nate, base cuneate; nerves fine, obscured above, visible below, in 9-12 pairs, reticulation rather coarse, faint on both sides. Petiole ca. 5-20 mm long. Peduncles 7 -15 X 3-4 mm, pedicles usually absent, rarely present, ca. 1 rnm long. The bisexual flowers yellowish green; tcpals 9-12, subsimilar, obovate to spathulate, 2.5-4 x 1-1.5 em; stamens 50-60, 1.4-1.8 em long, anthers dehiscing introrsel y, connective appendage narrowly triangular, ca. 1 mm long, filaments 22.5 mm long; gynoecium ovoid, slightly exscrted from the androecium, 1.2-1.4 x 0.5 em long, gynophore ca. 5-8 x l.5 mm, carpels 10-18; torus with the scars of perianth and stamens ca. 5 x 4 mm; the male flowers not seen. Fruits su bovoid, 2-2.5 x 1.2-1.5 em; ripe carpels 812, ± connate, 2-2.5 em long. Seeds reniform to subcorda te, ca. 10 x 7 mm. Distribution. CHINA. Southeastern Taiwan: Hengchun peninsula, Henry A 2060, Chang C.E. 4384; Taizhong, Xie Z.Q. s.n.

Ecology. In evergreen broad -leaved forest. Altitude: 500-1,300 m. Uses. Wood used for general construction work; tree also grown as an ornamental. 15. Magnolia nitida W. W. Smith, Notes Roy. Bot. Card. Edinburgh 12: 212. 1920. Para- kmeria nitida (W. W . Smith) Law in W. C. Cheng, Sylva Sinica 1: 472. 1983. TYPE: Forrest 15059 (lectotype, selected here, E; lectotype, K).

ISO·

Magnolia lotungensis Chun & C. T. Tsoong, Acta Ph y- totax. Sin. 8:285. 1963. TYPE: Chun & Tao 50122 ( IBSC not seen). Magnolia yunnanensis (Hu) Noot., Blumea 31, 1: 88. 1985. Parakmeria yunnanensis Hu, Acta Ph ytotax. Sin. 1: 2. 1951. TYPE: C. W Wang 83157 (KUN).

15a. Magnolia nitida var. nitida Evergreen tree to 30 m high and 90 ern diam., entirely glabrous, bark faintly gray-brown or dark gray; young twigs 2-3 mm diam., olive green to brownish, fruiting twigs 5-6(-8) mm diam ., old ones dull g ray, longitudinally to irregularly fissured; terminal buds ovoid, ca. 1 7 X 5 mm. Stipules free from the petiole. Leaves rigid, coriaccous, dark glossy green, olive green to dull brown when dry above, green, greenish brownish to brownish when dry beneath , usually ovate to elliptic-ovate, occasionall yobovate, 612(-14) x 3-4(-6.5) cm; apex short-acuminate, acumen 7 -10 mm long, sometimes acute, base broadly cuneate to obtuse; midrib prominent above only near the base; ner ves fine, visible on the underside, in 913 pairs, retic ulation coarse, hardly visible on both surfaces. Petiole 1.52.5 em long, without stipular scars. The bisexual flowers fragrant, peduncles 6-8 x 5 mm, pedicles 1.5-2 mm long; tepals 9-12 , subsimilar, creamy yellow, slightly flesh y, flushed purplish outside, obovate

to spathulate, 4-5 X 1-3 em; apex rounded to short-acuminate, base tapering, sometimes short - clawed; stamens 1.3-2.5 em long, anthers dehiscing introrsel y, connective appendage linear, 2-4 mm long, filaments 1 -3 mm long; gynoeci um oblong, exserted from the androecium, ca. 16 x 5 mm, gynophore 6-8 X 2-3 mm; carpel s g reen, st yles crimson; the male flowers not seen. Fruiting peduncles 8-16 x 45 mm, pedicles 1.5-4 mm long. Fruits ovoid to oblong, sometimes distorted , 3.5-7.5 X 2-3 em; ripe car pels 13-20, 1-2.5 em long, apically with recurved beaks ca. 1 mm long, g y nophores 4-12 x 4-6 mm; scars of perianth and stamens along the torus 5-10 x 4-7 mm. Seeds reniform, 10-13 X 5 - 10 mrn. Distribution. China and northern Bur ma. I n CHI - NA. Xizang: Champutong, Rock ].F. 10136; M t. K enichunpo, W of Champutong, Rock ].F. 22457; Salween valley, Champutong, 10235; Tsarong, G. Forrest 20358. Yunnan: Salwin-Kiu Chan divide, Champutong, 98°30'E, 28°16' N, Forrest G. 21616; Salwin-Kiu Chang divide, 28°24'N, 98°24'E, 20860; Shweli-Salwin divide, 25°50'N, 98°45'E, 26381; Meng Lun, Chang H.T 5022; Shang pa Hsien, Tsai H.T 54 858.

1016


Ecology. In mixed forest, g rowing on sand- stone, shale, awl granite. Altitude: 800-2,500 m. Flowering March -May; fruiting Sep t ember-Oc- tober. Uses. Wood yellowish, durable, gen erally used for constru ction work and furniture. Collector's noll'S. \Videl y branched evergreen tree, or half deciduous; leaves whitish beneath; flowers fragrant, c ream y white, pale yellow or white washed purple toward base; fruits green. l\'otes. This species is widely distributed, ext ending from northern Burma northward to Xizang and northern Yunnan, and northeastward to ceH- tral and south ea stern Yunnan. Jlagnolia yunna- Tlf'nsis is very si milar to Alagnolia nitida in all c hara c ters. It is obvious that the leaves, the mature fruits, th e peduncles, and the gynophores become increasingly longer along a cline from Burma t o sou thea stern Yunnan. No cha ra cte rs can be found that segregate Magnolia nitida from 1l/agnolia yunnartertsis. ISh. Magnolia nitida var. lotungcnsis (Chun & C. T. Tsoong) B. L. Chen & Nootcboom, stat. nov. Magnolia lotungensis Chu11 & C. T. Tsoong, Acta Ph y totax. Sin. 8: 285. 196 . TYPE: Chun & Tao 50122 (IBSC not seen). Evergreen tree to 20 m high and 90 em diam., bark pale g ra y to brownish gra y; youn g twi gs 2 3 mm diam., dull brown-green, fruiting twigs 45( - 6) mm diam ., old ones fa int gray; termi11al buds ovoid-ellipsoid, ca . 14 x 4 mm. Leaves cor iaceous, dark g reen, shiny, olive green to dull brown when dry above, green, brownish when dry henea th, rigid, elliptic to narrowly elliptic, occasionally broadly ellipt ic, 6-11 X 2.5- .5(-5) em; apex acu t e to short-acuminate, base cuneate; midrib prominent on both sides, nerves fine, hardly visible a bove, prominent below, in 9 - 13 pairs, reticulation coarsely netted, obscured on both sur fa ces. Pet iole ca. 1.5-2 em long, without stipular scars. Flowers androdioecious, white; tepals 9 - 12, subsimilar, th e outerovate, 2.5-3 x 1.2 -2 em, the inne r tepals 6 -9, ohovate, slig htl y narrower than the outer; stamens 35-65, anthers 9-1 0 mm long, filaments ca. 1 rnm lo11g in the male flowers; s tamens 1 722, gynoecium ovoid, entirely hidden hy the androecium, carpels 15-20 or much less in the bisexual flowers. Fruiting peduncles 4-9 x 4 -7 mm, pcdiclcs absent. Fruits obovoid to ovoid -oblong, 3.5-4.5 x 2.5 -3 em; gynophore 1 -5 x 5 -6 mm; ripe carpels 10- 13, rarely 1 -4, ± connate, 1.82.2 em long; scars of pcrianth and stam ens along the torus 2 -4 X 5-6 mm. Seed s ellipsoid to ovoid, 7-12 x 6-7 mm. Distribution. CHI NA. Guangdong: Ruyuan, Ko S.P . 53691, Guangdong Jlucai Yanjiu Zu 32; Yangchung, Liu ].fl. 8984 7. Guangxi : Da 1\Iiao Shan, Lu Q./1. 2873; ]ia Xian, Wang C. 40158; ]i n Xiu Xian, Da Yao Shan Exped. 13429; Da Ming Shan, Cai C.X. 5470; Lin Cui, Deng X.F. 231; Long Sheng, Long Sheng Exped. 130. Guizhou : Li Ping Xian, Yuan ].M. 332. Hainan: Dong Fang Xian, Chen YW. 7620; Fan Yah, Chun N.K. & CL Tso 44041; Loktung, Lau S.K. 27375. Hunan : Mang Shan, Li B.C. et al. 59; Xin Ning, Liu L.l: 15146. Zhejiang: Tai Suan, Ching R .C. 216 7.

E('ology. In forest. Altitude: 800-1,100 m. Flowering April; fruiting Septem ber -October. Uses. \Vood used for general construc tion work and furniture. N ote. This variet y is so simila r to Magnolia nitida that we do not distinguish them easily. ln gene ral , variety lotungensis has elliptic to narrowly elliptic leaves, fewer carpels, awl the gynoccium is hidden h y the androecium. Unfortunately, suf - ficient flowers of Magnolia nitida var. lotungensis were not available for compa rison to he made. l5c. Magnolia nitida var. robusla B. L. Chen & Nootehoom , va r. nov. TYPE: China. A nnam, Massif de Bi-doup, 1 7 Oct. 1940, alt. 2,000 m, Poilanc 31039 (holotype, P; isotype, L). Figure 1. A var. nitida differt ramulis crassioribus sub fructibus foliis grandioribus petiolis longioribus.

Tree 25-30 m high, ca. 1 m diam., glabrous; young twigs ca. 3 mm diam., fruiting ones stout , ca. 8 mm diam., dull olive-brown, old ones quite rough, longitudinally and transversely irregularly fissured; terminal buds ovoid to ovoid-ellipsoid, ca. 1 5 X 5 mm. Stipules free from the petiole. Leaves coriaceous, rigid, green, slightly glossy above, greenish beneath, ovate-ellip ti c to ovate, 7-16.5 X 3.5-6.5 em; apex acute to acuminate or obtuse,

base cu neate; midrib slightly prominPnt above, con- spi c uously ele va ted below, nerves visible on both sides, in 12-15 pairs, reticulation coarse, promi - nent on both sides. Petiole ± flat , dilatatc toward the base, 1.6-4.7 em long. ln t he male flower, peduncle 10- 13 x 6-7 mm, pedicle abscut; t epals not see11; scars of perianth and stamens ca. 10 X 6 mm. In the bisexual flower, peduncle ca. 5.2 X 9 mm, pedicle ca. 2 mm long; bract s 2, 2.2-3 cm long; tepals 9, the outer 3 much larger than the inner ones, the former ovate, ca. 2.5 x 1.5 em, the latter 6, 2.2 -2.5 X 1.2 em, spathulate, obovate to narrowly obovate, tapering toward the

Volume 80, Number 4 1993 Chen & Nooteboom Magnoliaceae of China 1017 H:m I

() J

1 cm

em

5

6

7

1cm

FIGU R E 1. .Magnolia nit ida W. W. Smith var. robusta B. L. Chen & Noot.- 1. Flowering branch.-2. Deflorated bisexual flower.-3. Terminal bud.-4. Outer tepals. -5. Inner tepals.-6. Stamen.-7. Carpel. -8. Deflorated male flower. Based on Poilane 31039 (P). Drawing by Joop Wessendorp, Ri jksherbarium, Leiden. base, 2-2.5 X 0.5-1.2 em; stamens 12-15 mm long, connective appendage ca. 0.5 mm long, filaments ca. 1 mm long; gynoecium narrowly ovoid, ca. 8 mm long, hidden by th e androecium, gynophore 3-4 mm long; carpels 11-13, st yles ca. 5 mm long. Fruiting peduncle 7-10 x 7-9 mm; fruit ovoid to ovoid-oblong, 5-6.5 x 3.5-4 em; gynophore 2-8 x 6.5-8 mm; ripe carpels 1112, the dorsal face rhombic to elliptic, l.7-2.7 em long, 4-5 mm thick, apex short-beaked ; scars of perianth and stamens 6-7 x 8-1 0 mm. Distribution. China and Vietnam. In CHINA. Guangxi : in Shap Man Taai Shan, 1-16 Oct. 1934, W T.


1018

Tsang 24463. VIETNAM. A nn am: massif de Bi-doup, 23 Nov. 1914, alt. 2,000 m, Poilane 31039 (TYPE); Binh Tri Thien, 7 Oct. 1949, alt. 1,500 m, J. E. r 'idal1034A.

Cui/ector's nute. In rocky thicket, woody; flower yellow, fragrant. Note. This variety is characterized by stout twigs, especially the fruiting twigs, larger leaves, longer petioles, whose length is usually less than 4 times that of the leaves, short peduncles, a few carpels, a thick wall of mature carpels, and the gynoecium hidden by the androecium instead of exceeding the androecium as in Magnolia nitida var. nitida. The specimen from Guangxi bearing smaller leaves, without any flowers or fruits, is here treated as this variety based on the shape of the leaves and the relative length of the blade and the petiole. 16. Magnol ia omeiensis (Hu & Cheng) Dandy in Praglowski, World Pollen & Spore Fl. 3: 5. 1974. Parakmeria omeiensis Hu & Cheng, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1 (l ): 2. 1951. TYPE: If'. C. Cheng I 0525 (holotype, PE; isotype, A). Tree to 20 m high and 40 em diam., bark dark gray; plant entirely glabrous; twigs 2-2.5 mm diarn., smooth, dull brown-black when dry. Stipules free from the petiole. Leaves coriaceous, dark green, shiny above, pale green beneath, narrowly ellipti c , 7.5-12 x 2 -4.5 em; apex short -acuminate, sometimes acute, base narrowl y cuneate; nerves fine, in 8-10 pairs, reticulation coarse, hardly visible Oil both sides. Petiole 1 -2 em long, without stipular scars. Peduncle ca. 1 0 x 6 mm, pedicle absent. Male flowers creamy white, tepals 12, the outer 3 thin, oblon g, apex obtu se, ca. 3.8 x 1.3 em, the inner tepals 6, spathulate to ohovate, 3.5-4.2 x 1 -1.5 e m; stamens c rimson, 2-2.2 em long, an thers dehiscing introrsely, connective appenda ge triangular, ca. 1.5 mm long, filament s ca. 7 mm long; torus ovate-orbicular, 4 mm long. Distribution.

CHINA. Sichua n : Emei Shan, Clu•n g

WC. 10525, Chow II.C. 12095 .

Hculu gy. In e ver green hroad-leaved forest. Altitude: 1,000-1,200 m. Note. Magnolia kachirachirai, Jlagnolia nitida, and Magnolia omeil'nsis, whic h all belong to Magnolia sec t. Gynopodium , can barel y be distinguished b y their vegetative characters; the knowledge of their flowers is s till far from satis- factory. Unfortunately, we were unable to see enough material, es pecially collections with Aomrs. The delimitation of these spec ies is obviously obscure. U ntil more material is available th ey are maintained as diffe rent s pecies here.

la-5. Magnol ia section A lcimandra (Dandy) Nooteboom, Blumea 31: 88. 1985. Alciman - dra Dandy, Kew Bull. 1927: 260. 1927. TYPE SPECIES: Magnolia cathcartii (Hook. f. & Thomson) Noot. Evergreen tree. Stipules free. Leaves evenly distributed; midrib not prominent above. Flowers bisexual; tepals subequal; connective produced into a short linguiform appendage; stamens with short filaments and long anthers, completely hiding the gynoecium; anthers dehiscing introrsely . Gynoe- cium stipitate. Number of ovules per carpel 2-5. Fruits at least finally con sisting of free carpels, which dehisce along the dorsal suture.

17. Magnolia cathcarti i (Hook. f. & Thomson) Nooteboom, Blumea 31: 88. 1985. Michelia cathcartii Hook. f. & Thom son, Fl. Ind. 1: 79. 1855. Sampacca cath cartii (Hook. f. & Thomson) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 6. 1891. Alcimandra cathcartii (Hook. f. & Thomson) Dandy, Kew Bull. 1927: 260. 192 7. TYPE: Sikkim, }. n. !look . s .n . (holotype, K; isotypes, A, GH, NY). Tree to 25 m high and 50 e m diam.; young twigs dark brown, slender, 1 -2 mm diam., densely appressed-pubescent with long, straight to ± un - dulate or curly, yellowish to gray hairs, old ones dull

brown-gra y, glabrescent, sparsely supplied with conspicuousl y elevated , elliptic to suborhiculate, white lenticels; terminal bud s narrowly ovoid, covered with an inrlumt>ntum as young twigs, 0.6-2.5 em long. Stipules hairy, free from the petiole. Leaves coriaceous, dark green, shin y above, both sides glabrous, ovate to elliptic-ovate, occasionall y oh - ovate, 6.5-1 7 X 3-5.6 em; apex long-acuminate, acumen 0.6-2 e m long, sometimes a c ute, base obtuse to broadl y cuneate; midrib densel y pubescent, glabrescent at both sides, nerves fine, prom - inently elevated on both surfaces, in 12 - 15 pairs, reti c ulation densel y ne tted, visible on both sides when dry. Pe tiole pubescent, glabrescent above, 0.2-2 em long, without stipular scars. Perluncles usuall y slender, rarely stout, ca. 15-20 X 2 mm, glabrous, pedicles 0-4 mm long; tepals 9, white, the outer 3 oblong, 5.5-6 x 2 -2.5 em, the inner tepals 6, obovate-elliptic, ca . 5.5 x 2.5 em; sta - mens 3-4 em long, anth e rs introrsel y dehiscent, connec tive appendage tonguelike, ca. 2 mm long, filament s ca . 1 em long; gynoecium stipitate, c y- lindric, ca. 2 em long. Fruiting peduncles 1 .S -35 x 2-4 mm. Fruits u suall y irreg ularly shaped, :LS6.5 x 1.5-2 em; ripe carpels 3- 16, compressed subglobose, ca. 8 - 9 mm diam ., white-lenticellate;


gynophore 5-8 x 2-4 mm; torus with the scars of perianth and stamens 4-7 x 4-5 mm. Seeds subellipsoid, ca. 8 x 7 mm. 4(3). Tepals 7-8 em long; stamens 15-17 mm long; leaf base broadly cuneate or rounded, apex shortacuminate; stipular scars 3-7 mm. ......... ..

............................................................... 24. .Alagnolia ::enii

Distribution. Sikkim, Assam, China, Upper Burma Xizang: Yunnan, Jingdong Xian, Xu S.C. 5024; Kiukiang Valley, Muchietu, Yu T.T. 21016; Lan-Tsang Hsien,

4. to Vietnam. In CHINA. Southern & southeastern

Tepals 5-6.5 em long; stamens 9-10 mm long; leaf base cuneate, apex acuminate or acute; stipular scars 1-3 mm. .................................

...................................................................... 18. .Magnolia amoena Wang C. W. 76855; Meng-soong, Dahmeng-lung, Che-li Hsien, 78440; Shangpa, Tsai H.T. 58698; Wenshan, Feng K.M. 22416 .

Ecology. In forest. Altitude: 1,800-2,800 m. Flowering May; fruiting August -October. Collector's notes. In mixed woods; flowers yel5(3). Peduncle 25-30 mm long; fruiting peduncles 2.7-5 em long. ................. 19. Magnolia campbellii 5. Peduncle 10-20 mm long; fruiting peduncles 1-2 em long. .......................................................................... 6 6(5). Twigs glabrous; tepals 12; terminal winter buds densely villous; reticulation of leaves distinct; flowers appearing together or after the leaves; filaments 5-7 mm long.

23. Jllagnolia sprt'llKt' ri

low-green; fruits green, blue to brown-green; seeds black with orange-red fleshy coat.

6.

lb. Magnolia subgenus Yulania (Spach) Reichenbach, Der Deutscher Botaniker 1: 192. 1841. Yulania Spach, Hist. Natur. Veget., Twigs finely appressed-pubescent; tepals 9; terminal winter buds sericeous; reticulation of leaves rather obscure; flowers appearing before the leaves; filaments 3-4 mm long. .........

.. ............ ....... 21. Jlagnolia he ptapeta

Phanerog. 7: 462. 1839. Magnolia subg. Pleurochasma Dandy, J. Roy. Hart. Soc. 75: 161. 1950. TYPE SPECI ES: Yulania conspicua Spach = Magnolia lzeptapeta ( Buchoz) Dan- dy. Leaves evenly distributed, deciduous; midrib not prominent above. Flowers bisexual, precocious and / or with a much reduced calyxlike outer whorl of tepals; anthers dehiscing la terally or sublaterally, connective produced into a short or long appendage. Gynoecium not stip itate. Fruit cylindric or oblong, usually ± distorted, at least finally consisting of free ca rpels which dehisce along the dorsal su ture.

lb-1. Magnolia section Yulania (Spach) Dandy in Camellias and Ma gnolias Conf. Report: 72. 1950. Flowers appearing before the leaves (or some late flowers with the leaves), pink, (greenish) white, purple, or red. Tepals subequal. KEY TO THE SPECI ES OF MAGNOLIA SEcrioN YULAN/A

Gynoecium 8-15 mm high. ................................................... 2 l. Gynoecium 20-40 mm high. ............................................... 3 2(1). Twigs yellowish brown to black or gray-brown; l.

leaves

not

glaucous

beneath, reticulation coarse; flower purple or red; pedicle 12-15

2.

X 5-6 mm. .......... ......... 22. .Magnolia sargentiana Twigs yellowish green turning reddish brown; leaves glaucous beneath, reticulation fine; flower white; pedicle 7-12 x 3-4 mm. ............

············-··-········································ 20. Magnolia dawsoniana 3(1). Flower purple or red. ···································································- 4 3. Flower pink or white. ..................................................................... 5

18. Magnolia amoena W. C. Cheng, Contr. Bioi. Lab. Sci. Soc. China Bot. Series 9: 280, f. 28. 1933. TYPE: S. Chen 2692, in flower (lectotype, selected here, PE; isolectoty pe, A). Deciduous tree to 12m high; bark gra y o r g ra y- white; young twigs 2-3 mm diam., slender, purple- brown, glabrous; terminal buds white sericeous with long hairs. Stipules adnate to the petiole, stipular scars 1-3 mm lon g. Leaves thinly coriaceous, glabrous above, curly hair y with long white hairs along the midrib, the nerves and at the junctions of the midrib and the nerves beneath, obovate to obovate- elliptic, 10-15 x 3.5-5 em; apex acute to cus- pidate with a ca. 15-mm-long tip; base cuneate, somewhat unequal; nerves in 10-13 pairs, nerves and reticulations prominent on both sides; petiole pubescent, 8-13 mm long. Flowers appearing before the leaves, fragrant, ca. 6 em diam. Peduncles 6-8 x 4 mm, pedicles 3-4 x 4 mm, both densely yellowish to white hairy. Tepals 9, subsimilar, red to reddish, spathulate to oblanceolate, 5-6.5 em long; stamens ca. 9-10 mm, connective appendage short -pointed, ca . 1 mm long, anthers dehiscing laterally, filaments purple, ca. 3 mm long; g y noe- ci um cylindric, ca. 2 em long, styles ca. 1 mm long. Fruits cylindric, 4-6 em long, often c urved as carpels partly abortive; fruiting peduncles long white pubescent, ca. 10 x 4 mm; ripe carpels oblong, apex rounded, papilliferous. Distribution. CHINA. Southern Anhui : Huoshan, Yin S.F. 14. Southern Jiangsu : Zhejiang, W Tienmushan, Cheng W.C. 4444 A.

Ecology.

In forests. Altitude: 700 - l ,000 m. Flowering April -May; fruiting September-Octo- ber.

Annals of the

1020

Missouri Botanical Garden Note.

The desc ription

was drawn from the type specimen only. There arc no other collections

available. 19. Magnolia campbcllii Hook. f. & Thom son, Fl. Ind. /look , & 17wmson s.r1 . (holotype, K; iso t y pcs,

1: 77. 1855. TYPE: Sikkim, }.

n.

Gil, NY). Magnolia mollicomata W. W. Smith, Notes. Roy. Bot. Card. Edinburgh 12: 211. 1920. TYPE: Forrest 14466 (lectotype, selected here, E). Deciduous tree to 30 111 hig h; bark gray-brown; young twigs usually purple-brown, sometimes brown to gray-green when dry, 4-7 mm diam., glabrous or pubescent, later glabrcsccnt; terminal winter bud s ovoid, yellowish sericeous. Stipules sparsely or densely pubescent with short or long yellowish hairs, adnate to the very base of the petiole, stipular scars 3-7( -11) mm long. Leaves thinly chartaceous, dark green, glabrous above, pale green, glabrou s to scattered -p ubesce nt with rather long, straight, undulate, crisped and colorless hairs ev - erywhere or along the midrib and nerves beneath, elliptic, (broadly) ovate to obovate, 10-23( -33) X 4.5-10(-14) e m; apex rounded, a c ute, or short- acuminate, base rounded or broadly cuneate, usu - ally oblique; nerves prominent beneath, in 7-13 pairs. Petiole glabrous or yellowish pubescent, 2 5 em long, Peduncles glabrous to densely wooll y with yellowish hairs, 2.5-3 X 0.7-1 em, pcdiclcs 1.5-2.5 x 0.3-1 e m . Flowers large, 15-25 em diam., precocious, slightl y fra grant; tepals 12 - 16, white, or pale rose at the base outside to pink out side, s pathulate, oblong-o v ate to - obovate, abruptly constricted into a short claw ncar the base, the outer 3 concave, outspread to reflexed, 6-14 X 4-8 em, the innermost tcpals 3, erect, cmmivent, enclosing the androecium and gy noecium, 810 X 4 -6 em; stamens 2 -3 e m long, connecti ve appendage 0.5-1 mm long, anthers laterall y dehiscent, filament s purple, minutel y puhesccnt, 4 9 111111 long; gynoecium green, 2.5-4 em long; scar of pcrianth and stamens on torus ca. 1.5- 2 em long. Fruiting peduncles 2.7-5 x 1 -1.2 em, pcdicles 1.5-2.5 X 0.6-1.3 e m. Fruits erect, soon pendent, cylindric, 8.5- 17 e m long, ripe carpels packed close to each other; sca rs of pcrianth and s tamens along the torus 1 -2.2 x 1 . 3-1.5 em. Seed s 7-9 mm long. Distribution. Northern India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, northern Burma. In CHINA. Sichuan: Tsang 1/.L 33747. Southern Xizang: Kingdon Ward F. 10365. Western & northern Yunnan (Nujiang-Langchuanjian divide of Weixi Xian, Nu jiang divide of Ruili Xian), SalwinKui Chiang divide, Forrest G. 20841; Mekong-Salwin divide, 28°15'N, 140; Southeastern Xizang border: Tsa- rong, Roc k ].F. 23066; Che-tse-lo, Tsai II .T. 58573; Duanqing, above Yangbi, Sino-British Exped . 166.

Ecolog y. In mix ed forests. Altitude: 2,5003,500 m . Flowerin g March -May; fruiting September -October. Uses. Cultivated as an ornamental plant because of it s spectacular flowers. Collector's notes. Deciduous s hrub or tree; leaves and bud- sca les glabrou s; flowers pure white, exterior with purple marking at the base, creamy white flushed purplish, c reamy yellow, bright rose- pink, pink, precocious, open c up-shaped, fra g rant, fleshy, filaments purple, anthers brown. Note. W c agree with Dandy that there is no clear separation between Magnolia campbcllii and Magnolia mollicomata (see Dandy, 1928a). The species is misiden t ified as Jfagnolia rostrata b y W. W. Smith (1920). Magnolia grarulijlora (non. L., 1 759) is the name used by Griffith (1847) for this spec ies. 20. Magnolia dawsoniana Rehder & E. II. Wilso n in Sa rg., Pl. \Vilson 1: 397. 1913. TYPE: K II. lr"il. on 1 2· t.l (holotype, A; isot y pes, BM, K, US). Deciduous tree to 20 111 high and 50 e m diam.; twigs yellowish g reen, turning reddish brown later, glabrous to s parsel y pubescent at 1 -3 nodes or internodes below the peduncles, lenticcllatc. Stip- ules appressed - pubcscent, adnate to very base of the petiole, stipular sc ars 3-4 mm long. Lea vcs cor iaceous, dark g reen, glossy, glabrous above, glaucous, usually pubescent with slightl y c url y, colorless hairs at the

junc tions between the midr ib and nerves and along the veins beneath, obovatc, sometimes broadl y obovate-elliptic, 7.5-14( -1 7 ) x 4.5-8 em; apex rounded to a c ute, rarely cmar- ginate, base cuneate to subrounded, usuall y oblique; midrib impressed above, prominent and becoming brown when dry beneath, nerves cons pic uously elevated beneath , in 8-10 pairs, retic ulation c oarsel y netted, prominent, on both sides. Pet iole glabrous to minutely pubescent, slender, usually reddish, 1 .5-3 em long. Peduncles glabrous or ± pubescent, 1.5-2 x 0.4-0.7 em, pcdicles 7-12 x 3-4 mm; bra c ts 2, s parsely yellowish pubescen t. Flowers precocious, fragrant, usually horizontal, nodding later; tepals 9 -12, white, tinged with pale red outside, subequal, oblong-spathulate to obovate-oblong, 7-11 x 2-5 em; stamens purple- red, 1 -1.8 e m long, anthers laterally or sublaterally dehiscent, connec tive appendage triang ular, ea. 1

Volume 80, Number 4


1021 mm long, filament s 2.5-3 mm long, gynoecium ca. 1.5 em; sca r of perianth and stamens on torus ca. 8 x 6 mm. Fruiting peduncles ca. 2.2 X 1 e m, pedicles 0. 7-1 X 0.7-0.8 em. Fruits cylindric, slightly contorted as carpels partly abortive, ca. 10.5 X 3 em; ripe carpels obovate, sparsely lenticellate, apically short-beaked. Seeds oblong, ca. 1 em long. Distribution. CHINA. Central and southern Si- chuan: Lu Ding Xian, Qiao H.R. 1010; Mt. Tachien lu, Wilson E.H. 1241. Northern Yunnan.

Ecology. In broad-leaved forest. Altitude: 1,600-2,500 m. Flowering April-May; fruiting September. Uses. Bark used for medicinal purposes. 21. Magnolia heptapeta (Buc'hoz) Dand y, 1. Bot. 72: 103. 1934. Lassonia heptapeta Buc'hoz, Pl. Nouv. Decouv. 21, t. 19, f. 1. 1779. TYPE: f. 1 of t. 19 (Buc'hoz, 1 779). Magnolia denudata Desr. in Lam. Encycl. 3: 675. 17 92. .Magnolia obovata Thunb., Trans. Linn. Soc. Lon don 2: 336. 1794. Magnolia obovata [ var.) a denudat a (Desr.) DC., Syst. Nat. 1:457, comb. illeg. 1817. TYPE: t. 43, Mokkwuren 1 (Banks, 1791, in BM).

Magnolia conspicua Salisb., Par ad. Lond. 1: 38, t. 38. 1806. Yulania conspicua (Salisb.) Spach, Hist. Nat. Veg. 7: 464. 1839. TYPE: Salisb. t. 38. Magnolia yulan Desf., Hist. Arbr. France 2: 6. 1809. Michelia yulan (Desf.) Kostel., Allg. Med.-Pharm. Fl. 5: 1700. 1836. Gwillimia yulan (Desf. ) C. de Vos, Handb. Boom. Heest. ed. 2: 116. 1887. TYPE: not known.

Deciduous tree to 20m high and 60 em diam.; bark dark gray, rough and fissured; young twigs 3-7 mm diam., purple-brown, finely appressed- pubescent, later glabrescent, smooth, sparsely whitelenticellate; terminal winter bud s ovoid, densely hairy with long, silky hairs. Stipules spa rsely or densely yellowish pubescent, adnate to the base of the petiole, scars 1-4 mm long. Leaves thinly chartaceous, dark green, glabrous to pubescent with straight or slightly undulate hairs along the midrib and nerves or short-scattered-pubescent on the surfaces above, pale green, sparsel y to densely pubesc ent with short or rather long, straight or curly, colorless hairs everywhere or onl y along the midrib and nerves beneath, obovate to broadl y obovate, 8-17.5(-21.5) X 5-10.5(-16) em; apex rounded to truncate, abruptly short -acuminate, acumen 1-15 mm long, base cuneate or rounded; midrib and nerves visible on both sides, nerves in 7-10 pairs, reticulation coarse, obscured. Petiole appressed-pubescent, glabrescent, 1.3-2.5 em long. Flowers appearing before the leaves, erec t, fragrant, 10-12 em diam., peduncles 12-20 X 57 mm, densel y appressed-villous with yellowish hairs, pedicles 4-6 mm long; tepals 9, white, sometimes tinged with purple outside a t th e base, subsimilar, obovate to spathulate, 6-12 x 2 -6 em; stamens purplish, 10-13 mm long, anthers dehisci ng sublaterall y, connective appendage narrowl y triangular, ca. 1 mm long, filaments 3-4 mm long; gynoecium cylindric, glabrous, 2-2.5 em long. Frui ting peduncles 12 -20 x 6-9 mm. Fruits cylind ric, straight or distorted by the abortive carpels, 7.5-15 X 2.5-5 em; ripe carpels 1-2 em long, usually whi te-lenticellate , papilliferous outside, hardly beaked; scars of perianth and stamens along the torus 7-12 X 6-10 mm. Seed s obliquely ovoid to broadly ovoid, ca . 9 X 10 mm.

Distribution. CHIN A. Anhui: Chiu Hwa Shan, Fan C.S. & Y.Y. Li 261. Fujian: Hinghwa, Lin Pi 6488. Guangdong: Heungshan, Chun W.Y. 69; Yuyuen, La- mont]. 53089. Guangxi: Quangxian, Chen }L. 192. Guizhou: Cui Yang, Qian Bei Exped. 89. H unan: Yang shan, Changning Hsien, Fan C. S. & Y.}: Li 191. Jiangxi: Kuling, Chiao C. Y. 18702; Lu shan, Steward A.iV . 4730. Jiangsu : Sukow, Haichow, ller s J 622. Zhejiang: Kwatou, 40 liN of Siachu, Ching R .C. 1602; Mo Kan Shan, Cheo & Wilson 12746; Tien Mu Shan, Law Y.W. 1385; Tsing yuan distr., Keng Y.L. 453.

Uses. The straight-grained and fine-tex t ured wood is used for furniture and board s; flower buds for medicinal purposes and the extraction of volatile oil; the tree as an ornamental. Collertor's notes. Bark brownish gray peeling off in thick plates; flowers white tinged purple at base; fruits green. Notes. Ueda (1986) gave an account of the complicated synonymy. Formerly, this species was known under the name A1agnolia denudata Desr ., hut Dandy (1934) changed the name to the older synonym Magnolia heptapeta, based on Las sonia heptapeta Buc'hoz. Meyer & McClintock ( 1987) argued that the names Magnolia heptapeta and Magnolia quinquepeta should be rejec ted because their t y pes, artistic impressions of the spec ies, are "entirely without botanical c redibility." Ueda (1986), but also Treseder ( 1978), in his standard work on cultivated Magnolias, accepted both names. The nomenclature specialists I consulted agreed that the names heptapeta and quinque peta should be used, "otherwise many other names should be rejected too" (H. P. Nooteboom). Afagnolia precia Correa ex Vent., nomen nudum (Ventenat, 1806), belongs here.

1022


22. Magn olia sargentiana Rehder & E. H. Ecology. In

broad-leaved forest.

Altitude:

Wilson in Sarg., Pl. Wilson. 1: 398. 1913. TYPE: E. II. JVilson 91·1 (holotype, A; isotypcs, BM, E, GH, K, US). A1agrwlia conspicua var. emargirwta Finet & Gagnep.• Bull. Soc. Bot. France (Memoires) 4: 38. 1905. A1agnolia derwdata var. emarginatu Pamp., Bull. Soc. Tosc. Ortic. 20: 200. 1915. Magnolia emar- ginata (Finet & Gagnep.) Cheng, J. Bot. Soc. China 1, 3: 298. 1934. TYPE: Da v id s.n. (holotype, P). A1agrwlia sargentiana var. robusta Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sarg., Pl. Wilson. 1: 399. 1913. TYPE: E. ll. Wilson 923a (holotype, A; isotypes, K, US).

Deciduous tree to 20 m high and 25 em diam.; young twigs 4-7 rnm diam., yellow-brown, black - brown to gray-brown, glabrous; terminal winter buds ovoid, densely yellowish villous with silky, long hairs, ca. 2.7 em long. Stipulcs sparsely to densely appressed-puhescent, adnate to lower base of the petiole, stipular scars 2-5 mm long. Leaves thin - coriaceous, dull green, glabrous, glossy above; pale green, densely appressed-puhescent with rather long, undulate to crisped, colorless hairs, sometimes seemingly glabrous when covered with minutely scattered hairs below; usually inequilateral, obovate, rarely broadly obovate, sometimes elliptic, 10.5-17.5(-22.5) x 5-10(-12) em; apex acute to rounded, sometimes emarginate or truncate, base usually oblique, cuneate to broadly cuneate; midrib and nerves conspicuously elevated beneath, nerves in 812 pairs, reticulation coarsely netted, visible above. Petiole glabrous, 1.5-3.2( -4.7) em long. Flowers precocious, slightly fragrant, horizontal or nodding, 15-20 em diam. when fully open; peduncle 20-23 x 6-7 mm, pedicle 12-15 X 56 mm (but absent in //.T Twi 51831), glabrous to densely yellowish villous; tepals 10-12, subsirni- lar, purplish red outside and white to pale rose inside, spathulate to obovate, with narrow base, 6.5-9.5 x 2-3 em; stamens purplish, 14-17 mm long, anthers dehiscing sublatcrally, connective appendage triangular, ca. 1 mm long, filaments 34 mm long; gynoecium green, cylindric, 8-12 x 3 mm; carpels many. Fruiting peduncles glabrous to hairy, ca. 2-3.5 X 1 em, pcdicles 1.2-2.2 X 0.6-1 em. Fruits cylindric, 3-20.5 x 1.5- 2.5 em, erect to curved; ripe carpels suhglobose, 722 mm long, apex short-beaked; torus with scars of perianth and stamens 1.2-1.5 X 1 -1.2 ern. Seeds subcordate, 8-12 x 7-10 mm. Distribution. CHINA. Sic huan : Wa shan, Wilson E.ll. 914; Tian Quan, Tsang IlL 34828; near Xizang border, Pratt A.E. 798; Mt. Omei, Chow ll.C. 9777; 0-pien hsien, Uu Y.S. 2191; Paohsing hsien, Chu K.L. 3908. Yunnan: between Tsian and Ta Kuan, Tsai If.T. 50843; Wen-shan Hsien, 51831.

1,600-2,500 m. Flowering April-May; fruiting September. Uses. Bark for medicinal purposes. Magnolia sargen tiana var. robust a differs from Magnolia sargentiana var. sargenliana in its Note. larger leaves and bigger flowers and fruits. Except for this difference in size, we could not find any characters to distinguish them. The variet y , therefore, is here abolished. 23. Magnol ia sprengeri Pampanini, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. hal. 22: 295. 1915. TYPE: Sil- l'estri /tl04 (holotype, FI not seen). A1agnolia denudata Desr. var. purpurascens Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sarg., Pl. Wilson 1: 401. 1913. Magnolia conspicua var. purpurasrens sensu Bean, Kew Bull. 1920: 119. 1920. TYPE: Wilson 373 (lectotype, selected here, A; isolectotypes, E, K, US).

Magnolia diva Stapf ex Dand y in Millais, Magnolias 120. 1927. Magnolia sprengeri var. diva Stapf, Bot. Mag. (Curtis) 153: t. 9116. 1927. (lectotype, selected here, K; isolectotypes, A, K, NY). Magnolia denudata Desr. var. elongata Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sarg., Pl. Wilson 1: 402 sub t. 9116. 1913. Magnolia sprengeri var. elongata (Rehder & E. H. Wilson) Johnstone, Asiatic Magnolias in Cultivation: 87. 1955. TYPE: E. ll. Wilson 345

TYPE:

E. fl. Wilson 21

(holotype, A; isotypes, E, GH, K, US).

Deciduous tree to 20 m high and 18 em diam.; bark black-gray, falling in small flakes when old; young twigs 3-5 mm diam., yellow to yellow-brown, becoming purple-brown later, glabrous and sparsely lenticellate, old twigs gray-black, fissured; terminal winter buds broadly ovoid, 2.8-3 X 1.8-2.4 ern, densely yellowish villous with st raight and silky hairs. Stipules densely pubescent with appressed yellowish white hairs, glabrcsccnt, adnate to the base of the petiole, scars 1 -2(-13) mm long. Leaves coriaceous, dark green, glabrous to sparsel y pubescent along the midrib and nerves above; pale green, glabrous to appressedpubescent with fine, short, straight and colorless hairs over the entire surface or covered with long hairs along the midrib only, glabrescent beneath; obovate to narrowly obovate, 7-14.5(-22) X 2.5-7.5(-15) em; apex rounded, sometimes truncate and short-acuminate with 5-15-mm-long acumen, base cuneate to nar - rowly cuneate; midrib and nerves conspicuously elevated below, the latter in 6-8 pairs, reticulation coarse, visible on both sides. Petiole slender, glabrous or villous near the base of the blades, 1 -3.5 em long. Peduncles yellowish sericeous wit h straight hairs, glabrescent, stout, 10-1 7 X 6-8 mm, pcdicles 4-8 x 4 -5 mm. Flowers appearing together


with the leaves, saucer-shaped , fragrant, erect, to 20 em diam. when fully open; tepals 12( - I4), subsimilar, spa thulate to oblong-obovate, 5- I2(- I4) x I.5-4(-6.5) em, pure white or sometimes with red at the base, rose outside and white inside with flush of red to purple -striate; stamens red, numerous, I.5- I.7 em long, anthers sublaterally dehiscing, connective appendage triangular, l -2 mm long, filaments 5-7 mm long; gynoecium cylindric 2 2.5 X 0.3-0.4 em, carpels ellipsoid. Fruiting peduncles I 0-20 x 7 -9 mm, pedicles 4-9 x 5-6 mm. Fruits cylindric and often distorted by the abortive carpels, 6- I 0 em long, ripe carpels without beak, 7- I5 mm long. Seeds subovoid to subcordiform, 8- I2 X 7-9 mm, torus with the scars of perianth and stamens 8- I 0 X 8- l 0 rnm. Distribution. CHINA. Guizhou : Lei Gong Shan, U YK. 8921. Henan: Lushih, Lao kiun shan, Hers j 1159. Hubei: Changyang Hsien, Wilson E./I. 444; Hsing shan hsien, 373; lchang, Henr y A 2522; Pat ung hsien, Chou· H.C. 334. Hubei-Sichuan (Metasequoia area) : Cheng WC. & C. T. Hwa 1049; Shennongjia forest distr., Duan jiangping, Sino-Amer. Bot . Exped. 1181. Sichuan : Tchen Keou Tin, Farges R.P. 94; Chin Fu Shan, Pei C., 10242; Mt. Omei, Liu Y.S. 1174. Yunnan : Likiang, Ching R .C. 21681. Also recorded from Shaanxi and southern Gansu.

Ecology. In evergreen broad -leaved or mixed for es t s. Altitude: I ,200 -2,000 m. Flowerin g March; fruiting June-Jul y. Uses. Flowers and bark used for medicinal purposes; the tree is cultivated as an ornamental. 24. Magnolia zenii Cheng, Contr. Bioi. Lah. Sci. Soc. China, Bot. Series 8: 29I, f. 20. l9:B. TYPE: 117. C. Cheng ,1233 (holotype, PE). .Magnolia elliptilimba Law & Gao, Bull. Uot. R es. (China) 4(4): 190, t. l. 1984. TYPE: China. Henan: Nanzhao Xian, 12 Mar., 1983, alt. 400-800 m, Z. Y. Gao 0129 (in Herb. Henan lnst. Bioi. not seen).

Deciduous tree to 7 m high; bark gray, smooth; young twigs purple-brown, glabrous, sparsely lenticellate. Terminal winter buds narrowly ovoid, densely sericeous with long hairs. Sti pules hairy, adnate to the base of the petiole, scars 3-7 mm long. Leaves chartaceous, dull green, glabrous above; pale green, covered with curly, long hairs along midrib and nerves beneath; obova te, 7- I6 x 3-7 em; apex abruptly short-a c uminate, base broadly cu neate to blunt; nerves in 8- I2 pairs. Petiole villous, gl abrescent, 6- I 5 mm long. Flow- e rs precocious, cup-shaped, fragrant, I 0- I2 em diam., peduncles densely long-hairy, 2 -8 rnrn long; tepaIs 9- I2, subequal, spa thula te, 7-8 x 3-4 em, at first purple-red, becoming white above th e middie and purplish toward the base when fully open, the inner tepals 6, narrow; stamens purple, I.5- I.7 em long, anthers dehiscing laterally, connective appendage triangula r, ca. I mm long; filaments ca. 4 mm long; gynoeci um cylindric, ca. 2 em long, ca rpels ca. 4 mm . Fruits cylindric, 5-20 x I -2.5 em; ripe ca rpels subglobose, papilliferous, apex obtuse. Distribution.

CHINA. Henan : Nan Zhao Xian, Gao

Z. r 126; Kiangsu, Paochuashan, Cheng WC. 4233.

Ecology. In forest. Altitude: 250-300 rn. Flowering April-May; fruit ing August -September. Tree cultivated as an ornamental. Note. Onl y the type specimen of Jfagnolia :::enii was available. We have not seen the type of Jlagnolia elliptilimba, but we reduce it to synonymy of M. zenii based on the description and the geographic distribution. { 1ses.

lb-2. Magnolia section Buergeria (Siebold & Zucca rini) Da nd y in Camellias and Magnolias Conf. R eport: 73. I950. Buergeria Siebold & Zucc., Abh. Math.- Ph ys. CI. Kon. Bayer. Ak. Wiss. 4, 2: I86. I846. TYPE SPECIES: Magnolia stellata (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim. (Buergeria stellata Siebold & Zucc.). Flowers appearing before the leaves (or with the leaves), pink (inner tepals sometimes tinged with rose or purple). Tepals very unequal, those of th e outer whorl calycoid.

KEY TO THE SPECI ES OF MAGNOUA SECTION IJUERGERIA

l.

Inner tepals 4-5 em long; connective appendage of anthers 2-3 mm long; filaments 2.5-3.5 mm; peduncles 7-11 x 4-5 mm. .. ........................................................................ 25. A1agnolia biondii l. Inner tepals 3.2-10 em; connective appendage of anthers 0.5-1 mm long; filaments 25 mm long; peduncles 2-12 x 2-5 mm. . 2 2(1). Peduncles 2 -10 x 2-3 mm; inner tepals 3.29 em . ................................................. _ ............................ 3 2. Peduncles 10 -12 x 4-5 mm; inner tepals 6.5-10 em; connective appendage of anthers 1 mm; filament 3 mm. 26. .Magnolia cylindrica 3(2). Inner tepals 5-9 em; connective appendage of anther 0.5 mm; filament 2 mm . .........................

.................................... 27. Magnolia kobus 3. Inner tepals 3.2-6.5 em; connective appendage of anther 1 mm; filament 2-5 mm. ........... ....................................................................... 28. A1a gnolia stellata

25. Magnolia biondii Pampanini in Nuovo. Giorn. Bot. ltal. I7: 275. 1910. SYNTYPES: Scia-men-kvu, ca. 900 m alt., Paz ,ol. 134 , 734a (not seen).

1024


Magnolia conspicua Salish. var. fargesii Finet & Gag· nep., Bull. Soc. Bot. France (Memoires) 4: _38.. 1905. Magnolia denudata Desr. var. fargesu ( Fmet & Gagnep.) Pamp., Bull. Soc. Tosc. Ortic. 20: 200 1915. Magnoliafargesii (Finet & Gagnep.) Cheng, J. Bot. Soc. China 1, 3: 296.1934. TYPE: Farges 1300 (holotype, P; isotype, K). Magnolia aulacosperma Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sarg., Pl. Wilson. 1: 396, 408. 1913. TYPE: E. Wilson 361 (holotype, A; isotypes, K, US). Magnolia biondii f. purpurascens Law & Gao, Bull. Bot. Res. (China) 4(4): 192, t. 2. 1984. T YPE: Gao, l. }0122 (in Herb. Henan lnst. Bioi.).

Deciduous tree to 12 m hig h and 60 e m diam.; hark pale gray, smooth; twigs slender, glabrous to a pp ressed.pubescent, glabrescent; terminal winter huds ovate, densely yellowish villous. Stipules yellowish to white pubescent with short hair s, adnate to the lower base of the petiole, sti pular scars 11 mm long. Lea ves chartaceous, dull green above, pale green, usually pubescent with long, straight, undulate, c risped and colorless hairs along the midrib and nerves to glabrous beneath, ovate, narrowly ohova te-elliptic to oblong-elliptic, rarely oblanceolate, 1021.7 X 3.5 - ll e m; apex acute to acuminate, base c uneate to rounded; nerves in 101 5 pairs. Petiole 1 -2 em long. Peduncles 7-11 x 1-5 mm, densely pubescent with long, yellowish hairs, pedicles ver y short, ca. 2 nun long. Flower s precocious, 6-8 em diam., fragrant; tepals 9, the outer 3 nearly linear, 8-11 mm long, the inner tepals 6, white, s pathulate, 4-5 X 1.3-2.5 em, the innermost ones smalle r than the others, abaxial faces tinged with purple at the base; stamens 8l 0 mm long, connective appendage 2-3 mm long, filament s thick, purple out side, white inside, 2.53.5 mm long. Fruits cylindric, ± contorted, 611.5 em long; fruiting peduncles ± pubescent , glabrescent, 1-1.2 x 0.6 em, pedicles 4-6 mm lon g; ripe car pels black, globose, compressed laterally, densel y papilliferous, sca rs of perianth and stamens along the torus 9-10 X 6 -7 mm. Distribution. CHINA. Henan : Yudong Xiau, Pucha /J ia oben 23252; Lushin, Tungho, 1/ e rs J 991; Sunghsien, Sankuanmiao, 54 1; Yung ning, Tsi Li Ping, 1343. Huhei : Li-chuan, Tuan-Pao-Shih, film C.T. 104; Liang Dung Conn, Chun Wl: 4409. Shaanxi : Nanwutai forest S of llsingan (Si-an ), Fen zel G. 2893, 2951. Sichuan: Wan-Hsien, Mou-Tao-Chi, Kan-Tsao- Ping, 1/u.m C. T. 65; Tchen Keou Tin, Far ge.R .P. 1300. Also reported from

Gansu (W. Qinling) and Shaanxi (Dabashan).

Hcolog y. In forest. Altitude: 400-2,000 m. Flowering March; fruiting September. \Vood used for furniture and general construction work; flower buds for medicine, flowers for volatile oil; tree grown as an ornamental.

lhe8 .

Collector's notes . Bud silky; flowers white; fruits purplish red tinged. N ot e. Several new species and varieties of Magnolia were recentl y published in Henan. Their descriptions basicall y fit in Magnolia biondii. U n- fortunatel y, we have not see n their type specimens or other collections; therefore, we have dealt with them under "Dubious Species." Pavolini (1908) misidentified this species as Magnolia obovata Thunb.

26. Magnolia cylindrica E. H. Wilson, J. Arnold Arbor. 8: 109. 192 7. TYPE: R. C. Ching 29·19 (holotype, A; isotypes, E, K, US). Deciduous tree to 10m high; bark white-gra y, smooth; young twigs purple- brown to dark purple, yellowish appressed - puhesce nt, sometimes glabrous; terminal winter hud s ovate, yellowish ser i - ceous with long hairs. Stipules densely pubescent, adnate to the petiole, stipular scars 2-7(-9) 111m long. Leaves chartaceous to subcoriaceous, dark bright green, glabrous above, greenish, appressed - pubescent with fine, short , straight, and colorless hair s beneath, elliptic, narrowly obovate-elliptic, narrowly obovate to obovate, 8-15 X 3-9 em; apex acute to short-acuminate, base cunea t e or narrowly cuneate; nerves fine, prominent below, in 8-11 pair s. Petiole with same indument as young twigs, 7-10( -24) mm long. Peduncles densely yellowish villous, 1-1.2 X 0.1-0.5 em, pedicles 56 x 2-3 mm long; bra ct s 2, gra y- pubescent outside. Flowers precocious; tepals 9, the outer 3 subulate, 2-2.5 x 0.5-1 e m, the inner t epals 6, white, tinged pale rose outside at the base, broadly spathulate to obovate, 6.5 - l 0 x 2.5-4.5 e m, the innermost 3 tepals erect; stamens ca. 7 mm long,

anthers laterall y dehiscent, connective appendage triangular, ca. 1 mm long, filaments purple, glabrous, ca. 3 mm long; gynoecium green, cylindric, ca. 1.2 em long. Fruiting peduncles pubescen t, 1 1.5 x 0.5-0.6 em, pedicles 5-10 x 4 mm. Fruit s cyli ndric, 5-7.5 X 1.8-2.5 em, pendulous. Distribution. CHINA. Anhui: Bai Ma Zhai, LanNi Ao, Jonzhai, Yao K. 9006; Wang Shan, Ching R .C. 2949. Fujian : near Zhejiang border, Ching R.C. 2501. Also reported from northern Jiangxi and western Zhejiang.

Hcolog y. In forest. Altitude: 300-800 rn. Flowering May-June; fruiting August-September. 27. Magnolia kobus DC., nom. cons. prop., Syst. Nat. 1: 456. 1817. Magnolia glauca var. a Thunb., Fl. Jap.: 236, 378, 1784b. Mugnolia tomento.w Thunb., Trans. Linn. Soc. London.


2: 236. 1794a. }Jlania kobus (DC.) Spa ch, llist. Veg. 7: 467. 1839. selected by Hehder ( 1930), BM).

TYPE:

Kaempfe r (lectotype,

Magnolia praecocissima K oidz., Bot. Mag. (Tok yo) 43: 386. 1929. Buergeria obovata Siebold. & Zu cc. (non Magnolia obov ata Thunb. 1794), Abh . Ma t h.- Ph ys. CJ. Konig!. Ba yer. Ak ad. Wiss. 4, 2: 187. 1845. TYPE: Von Siebold , le ft half of L- 908-1261027 (lectotype, selected by Koidzumi (1929), L.). This specimen has disappea red in the Leiden Herba r- ium. U eda (1985) provided a phot o of it, and as long a s the specimen has not been found, that is the only tra ce of a t y pe.

Dec iduous t ree to 20 m high, oft en bran c hin g near the base; bark gra y, rough, fissured ; young twigs 1 .5-3 mm diam ., green, soon turning purple- brown, glabrous or somewhat puberulent; terminal bud s ovat e, yellow-se riceous with long hairs. Stip- ules adnat e to the base of th e petiole, stipular scars 3-7(-10) mm long. Lea ves dark green, white pu bescent at the base of midrib abo ve, g ra y-g reen, white pubescent along the nerves and at jun ctions with the nerves beneath, obo vate-elliptic, ca . 81 7 X 3.5-9.5(-11) em; apex abruptl y acuminate, base narrowl y cu neate, slightl y decurrent; midrib awl ne r ves impr essed wh en d r y above; nerves in 8-12 pairs, margin slightl y undulate. Petiole white v illous, ca . 1-2.6 em. Flowers a ppearing before the lea ves, white, frag rant; pedun cles 7-10 x 22.5 rnm, glabrous to hair y on nod es, pcdi cles 1 .44 mm long; bra cts 2-3, pubescent outsid e; flower bud s narrowl y ova te, flowers ca. 9-10 e m diarn . when full y open, tepals 9, oute r tepals 3, greenish or white, t riangular-linea r, 5-15 x 2-3 mm, inner tepals white, sometimes flushed with red at th e base, s pathulate, ca. 5-7( -9) x 1.5-3 em; stamens ca . 8-10 mm long, anthers d ehiscing la- tror sel y or sublatror sel y , fil a men ts red, ca. 2 mm; connect ive appenda ge triangul a r , ca . 0.5 mm long; gy noecium green, cylindric, ca. 1 -1 .5 em long. Frui t ing peduncles 8-10 X 3-6 mm, pedicles 69 x 3-4 mm. Frui ts cylind ric, 3.5-11 ern, often contorted by sterile carpels; carpels nea rl y oblong, whit e lenticella t e. Scars of perianth a nd stamens 5-6 X 3-5 mm. Seed s subglobose, 1 0-9 X 9-8 Inm . Distribut ion .

Nati ve of J a pa n and southern Korea , culti vated in Qingdao, Nan ji ng, a nd Ha ngzhou.

Uses. Wood used for general const ruct ion work and f urnitu re, t ree grown as an ornamen tal. Not e. The Kaem pfer collec tion of Magnolia named "kobus," from which Kaempfer t. 42 (1791) is drawn, forms the main part of th e protolog ue of Thunberg's (l784b) Ma gnolia glau c a va r . a . Ma g nolia tomen tos a Thunb. (l 794a) is based on Ma gnolia glauc a Thunb. va r . a , with citation of Kaempfer t. 42. So far th ere is no doubt a bou t the id entit y of Ma gnolia t om ento s a , especia ll y he- ca u se Thunbe r g v i sit ed Lon do n a nd s t udied Kaempfer 's collectio ns a nd drawings. But Th u n- berg ( 1 794 b) published a list of speci mens k ept in PS, w hich incl udes Ma gn oli a tom en t o sa; t his name is, in his handwr i ti n g, written o n shee t number 12887 . This specimen , however, ap pea rs to be Ma gnolia s tellata. If Ued a 's (1986) i n t er p retation , that Thunber g himself sel ect ed n u mbe r 12887 a s the t y pe of M agnolia tom en tosa, is correct, Ma gnolia toment osa becomes the legi t i- mate name for J fa gnoli a stellata. The l atter nam e is then superfluous. Th u nberg ( 1805) also publ ished a drawing of sheet n umber 12887, wi th th e name Magnolia toment o sa but without a d esc ri p- tion. This has commonl y been c i t ed as J la gnolia tome nto sa Thun b. (1805), no n Thunb. (l 794a ). De Candolle ( 1 81 7 ), w hen d escribin g ,\la g nolia kobus , ci ted Ban k s ic. Kacmpfer t. 42 first i n the protologue, and th en Magn oli a glwu·a T h u nh. var. a. He cit ed 1Uagnolia t om en t o sa Th u n b. wi t h a question ma rk. De Ca nd olle a lso cited 1\/ agnolia gra cilis Salish. Salisbur y (1806) d escr ibed .H agnolia g ra cilis wi th a n excellent fig ure based ou a collection that was sent to De Ca ndolie a nd is k e pt in C- DC. This collec t ion a ppea rs t o be .ll a g nolia quinqu e peta . H owever, beca use Sa lisbu r y ci t ed Ma gnolia tomen tosa

wi t hout exclud i ng i ts t y pe, Magnolia g ra cilis is a su perfluous na me of Mag- nolia tomentosa . De Ca ndolle, possi bl y no t know- ing what fa gnolia tom en tosa was, gave a new name to Ma gn olia gra cilis Salish.: J la gn olia kobu s DC. Beca use De Ca ndolle cit ed Jla gnolirt t o- mentosa with a qu estion ma rk , it could be assumed that he exclud ed the t y pe of tha t species, a ud that Ma gnolia k obu s DC. is a supe rfluo us na me of Magnolia quinqu epe ta ( Bu c'hoz) Da nd y (1934), based on La ssonia qu in r1u e p eta Buc'hoz (1 779). This was Ueda 's (1985, 1986) opinion, a ud Koid- zumi's (1929). K oid z umi assumed that th e t y pe of Magnolia gra cili s Salish. was also the t y pe of Ma gnolia k obu s DC. H e th e refore adop ted a nomen nov um, J f a g nolia praecossirrw , for t h e species up to then know n as Magn olia kolm s. H is name was based on a synony m, /Ju erg eria obot· ata Sie bold. & Zu cc. ( no n Magnolia obomta Th un b., 1794a). However, it is also possible to exc lude Ma gnolia gra cili s Salish. from Ma gnolia kobu s DC. Then th e latter is t ypified with the t ype of Magnolia tom ent osa Thunb.

1026


In that case there are two possibilities. If Mag- nolia tomentosa Thunb. is lectotypified with 77wn- berg 12887, Magnolia kobus DC. is a superfluous name for Magnolia tomentosa Thunb. and is the species hitherto known as Ma gnolia stellata (Sie- bold & Zucc.) Maxim. (1872), based on Ruergeria stellata Siebold & Zucc. (1845). As pointed out above, Magnolia stellata is then a superfluous name for Magnolia tomentosa Thunb. If Ma g- nolia tomentosa Thunb. is lectot y pified with the collection of Kaempfer, as done by Rehder (1930), Magnolia kobus DC. is a superfluous name for Magnolia tomentosa Thunb. This is rejected by U eda (1986), who stated that Rehder's lectotypi- fication was contrary to the rules because he would have selected it mechanicall y. Beca use Rehder gave ample justification for his c hoice, we reject that he c hose mec hanicall y. \Ve accept Magnolia koblls DC. as the name for this species, and we propose both Magnolia kobus and Magnolia stellata be conserved.

28. Magnolia stellata (Siebold & Zucc.) Max - im., nom. cons. propos., Bull. Acad. Sci. St.Petersburg 17: 419. 1872. Magnolia koblls DC. f. stellata (Siebold & Zucc.) Blackb., Popul. Carel. 5, 3: 68. 1954. Magnolia koblls var. st ellata Bla c kb., Amatores. Herb. 1 7: 2. 1955. Ruergeria s t ellata Siebold & Zucc., Ahh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Konig!. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4, 2: 186, t. Ila. 1845. Talallma stellata (Siebold & Zucc.) Mig., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavum 2: 257. 1866. TYPE: T on Siebold L-908126-701, -750 (L not seen). The type was photographed at L for Ueda's (1985) publication. The specimen had not yet been incorporated in the family at the time the Rijk - sherharium moved to another building. The type has never been seen again. Magnolia halleana Parsons ex Robinson, Card 13: 57 2, f. opp. 572. 1878. TYPE: probably the figure. Magnolia stellata var. keiskei Makino, Bot. Mag. (To- kyo) 26: 82. 1912. Ma gnolia keiskei (Makino) Ihr- ig, Arb. Bull. Univ. Wash. 11, 2: 33. 1948. TYPI.-: = plate cited by Makino. .Magnolia stellata var. rosea Arnott ex Veitch ex Hu, Man. Econ. Pl. 1: 383. 1955. Magnolia rosea (Veitch) Ihrig, Arb. BulL Univ. Wash. 11,2: 34. 1948. Magnolia kobus DC. f. rosea (Veitch) Black burn, Popul. Card. 5, 3: 73. 1954. Deciduous large shrub or treel et to 5 m high; young twigs slender, 2-3 mm cham., brown-purple to bla c k - purple, sometimes gray-black, densely appressed - pubescent with long, gray or yellowish hairs, glabrescent, smooth, old twigs brown, glabrous, glabrescent. Stipules densely gray pubescent with silky hairs, adnate to the petiole, stipular scars as long as the petiole, 3-14 mm. Leaves thinly chartaceous, dark bright green, glabrous above; pale green, glabrous below, narrowly obovate to oh- o vate, occasionally ovate, 7-11 X 2-5.6 em; apex ohtuse to a cute, base cuneate to attenuate, usuall y decurrent along the petiole, rarely rounded; margi n sparsely pubescen t; midrib and nerves finely pu - bescent above, densely villous, glabrescent beneath; nerves fine, visible below, in 10-14 pairs, reticulation coarse, hardl y visible on both sides. Petiole covered with sa me indumentum as the stipules, glabrescent later, 314 mm long. Flowers appearing before and after the leaves, white or rose, fragrant, to 10 em diam.; peduncles densely gray villous, 2-6 X 2-3 mm, pedicle 0.2-4 X 3 mm; tepals 12-18, very unequal, u sually narrowl y ohovate to spathulate, apically obtuse, rarely acute, basally broad, 3.2-6.5 X 0.7-1.7 e m; stamens 6-11 mm long, anthers dehiscing latrorse or sublatrorse, connective appendage triangular, ca. 1 mm long, filaments 2-5 mm long; gynoecium cylindric, 7-10 X 2-3 mm; car pels many. Fruiting peduncles densely hair y, 3-6 X 3-4 mm. Fruits cylindric or irregularly shaped abortive carpels, 24.5 X 1 -1.5 em; ripe carpels subglobose, 7-12 mm long, with short beaks at the apex; scars of perianth and stamens along the torus 2-6 X 3-5 nlnl.

Distribution.

Uses. Note.

Native to Japan, cultivated in Nan jing.

Tree g rown as an ornamental. Ueda (1985, 1986) gave an account as to why the common star Magnolia, Magnolia stellata, should be legitimatel y named Magnolia tomentosa. However, because of the economic im - portance of th e species it will be proposed as nomen conservandum. See also the notes under M. koblls .

lb-3. Magnolia sec tion Tulipastrurn (Spach) Dandy, in Camellias and Magnolias, Conf. R e- port: 74. 1950. Tulipastrum Spach, Hist. Na- tur. Veget., Phanerog. 7: 481. 1839. TYPE SPECIES: Magnolia a cuminata L. Flowers appearing together or after the leaves, pink, purple, or red. Tepal s very unequal (those of the outer whorl calycoid).

29. Magnolia quinqucpcta (Buc'hoz) Dand y , J. Bot. 72: 103. 1934. Lassonia quinquepeta Buc'hoz, PI. Nouv. Decouv. 2: f. 2 oft. 19. 1779. TYPE: f. 2 oft. 19 (Buc'hoz, 1 779).


Magnolia glauca [var.] (3 Thunb., Fl. Jap.: 236, 378, 1784. Magnolia liliijlora Desr. in Lam., Encycl. 3: 675, "lilijlora." 1792. Ohwi, Fl. Jap. rev. ed.: 649, incl. var. gracilis. 1978. Magnolia obovata Th unb., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 2: 336, nom. superfl. illeg. 1794a. Yulania japonica Spach, H ist. Nat. Veg. 7: 466, nom. et comb. illeg. 1839. TYPE: t. 44, Mokkwuren 2 (Kaempfer, 1791, BM). Magnolia purpurea Curtis, Bot. Mag. (Curtis) 11: t. 390. 1 797. TYPE: t. 390. Magnolia discolor Vent., Jard. Malmaison: t. 24. 1803. TY PE: t. 24. Magnolia gracilis Salish., Parad. Land. 2: 87, t. 87, nom. illeg. 1807. Magnolia lilijlora var. gracilis (Salish.) Rehder in L. H. Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hart. 4: 1968. 1916. TYPE: Salisbury s.n. (C-DC). Buergeria obovata Siebold & Zucc., Abh. Math..Ph ys. Cl. Konig!. Bayer, Akad. Wiss. 4,2: 187. 1845. Talauma ?sieboldii Miq. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lug- dunoBatavum 2, 9: 257, 1866. Talauma obovata (Siebold & Zucc.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Hance, J. Bot. 20: 2. 1882 (non Korthals, 1851). TYPE: Von Siebold right half of L-908-126-1027 (L). Deciduous shrub to 3.5 m high; bark gray-brown; young twigs 2-4 mm diam., dark purple, glabrous or sometimes hairy on a few nodes near the peduncles, smooth, sparsely lenticellate, old twigs gray- purple and longitudinally fissured; terminal winter buds ovoid, 12-14 x 5-6 mm, yellowish sericeous. Stipules densely yellowish to yellowish white pu - bescent, adnate to the entire petiole, scars 3-15 mm long. Leaves membraneous to chartaceous, dark green, glabrous, sparsely pubescent over the surfaces or only along the midrib above, pale green, glabrous to pubescent with long, undulate to rarely crisped, colorless hairs along the midrib and the nerves below, broadly elliptic to obovate, 6-15(-26) x 3-7(-10) e m; apex acut e to acuminate with short or long acumen, base cuneate to attenuate, usually decurrent along the petiole; midrib and nerves prominent beneath, nerves in 8-10 pairs. Petiole pubescent, glabrescent, ca. 315 mm long. Flowers appearing with and after the leaves, slightly fragrant; peduncles glabrous or densely villous with silky, yellowish hairs, glabrescent, 5-20 x 6-8 mm, pedicles 10-12 x 5-7 mm, sometimes absent; bract s densely yellowish se riceous, 11 em long; tepals 9, the outer 3 subulate, occasionally ovate, greenish to purplish, 10-27 X 4-8 mm, the inner tepals 6, spathulate to obovate, purplish out side and white inside, 5.5-9 x 2.5-4.5 em; stamens purple- red, 8-10 mm long, anthers dehiscing laterall y, connective appendage triangular, filament s purple, ca. 2 mm long; gynoecium cylindric, purplish, 1.2-1.4 x 0.4 em, carpels many. Fruiting peduncles 10-20 x 3-6 mm, pedicles 38 x 3-4 rnrn long. Fruits cylindric, erect to curved as the carpels partly abortive, 3-6.5 x 1-2 ern; ripe carpels ellipsoid to subglobose, 8-15 mm long, graylenticellate outside, short-beak ed; torus with the sca rs of perianth and stamens 8-12 x 5-7 mm. Seeds subcord ate, ca. 10 x 7 mm. Distribution. CHINA. Hubei: Sichuan, Jiang Jin, Chen S.]. et al. 840055; Chengtu, Fang WP. 13256; Kun Hsien, Wang F.T. 20793, Chiao C.}: & C.S. Fan 444. Yunnan: N end Lichiang valley, 27°5'N, Forrest G. 2174; Shweli-Salwin divide, 25°48'N, 98°48'E, 24700; Tien chin pu valley, 25°30'N, 5539. Widely cultivated.

Ecology. Flowerin g March -April; Fruiting August-September. Uses. Flower buds and bark used for medicinal purposes, the tree as an ornamental. Note. Ueda (1985) explained the compli cated synonymy. The species was formerly known as Magnolia lili(i)jlora. The name Magnolia oboua- ta Thunb. has also been used for this species for a long time. See also the note under 1llagnolia hPplapeta. Magnolia hirsuta Thunb. ( 1794b, 1824), based on Thunberg 12884, is a nomen nudum. Ic. Magnolia subgenus Talaurna (Juss.) Pierre, Fl. For. Cochinch. 1: sub SPECIES: Magnolia plumierii Sc h wa rtz.

t.

l. 1880. TYPE

Evergreen tree. Stipular scars up to the apex of the petiole. Anthers introrse. Fruits with connat e

carpels, the apical parts of the ca rpels falling off leaving the seeds exposed, hanging from the thread- like funiculus.

Ic-1. Magnolia section Blurniana Blume, Fl. Java Magnol.: 32. 1829. Leaves evenly distributed; midrib prominent above, at least toward base. Flowers bisexual; tepals subequal; connective produced into a short or long appendage, triangular. Gynoeciurn not stipitate. Fruit s with connate carpels. When mature the apical parts of the ca rpels circumscissile and falling, dehiscing along the dorsal suture or not, the basal parts remaining adnate to the torus, or apical parts falling in irregular masses. 30. Magnolia candollii (Blume) H. K eng var. obovata (Korth.) Nooteboom, Blumea 32: 374. 1987. Talauma obovata Korth., Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 2, Versl.: 98. 1851. TYPE: Su- matra Gunung Pamatton, Korthals s.n. (lectotype, selected here, L sheet no. 925.250739; isolectotype, BO).

1028


Taluuma hodgsoni Hook . f. & Thomson, Fl. Ind. 7 4. 1855. TYPE: Sikkim, 2,000-5,000 ft., }. D. /look s.n. (holotype, K; isotype, L). Talauma oblanceolata Ridley, Fl. .Malay Penins. 5: 286. 1925. TYPE: H . N. Ridlle y 155 90 (K. SING). Talauma betongensis Craib, Kew Bull. 1925: 7. 1925. Magnolia betongensis (Craib) H. Keng, Card. Bull. Sing. 31: 129. 1978. BM). Talauma sclerophylla Dandy, J. Bot. 66: 47. 1928. TYPE: Haviland 3148 (holotype, BM; isotype, K). Talauma levissima Dandy, Kew Bull. 1928: 191. 1928. TYPE: H. N. Ridle y 904 7 (holotype, K; isotype, SING).

TYPE:

Kerr 7449 (holot ype, K; isotype,

Tree to 25 m high; young twigs whitish, stout, ca. 1 em diam., glabrous. Stipules a1lnatc to the petioles, stipular scars from up to about halfway the length of the petioles to nearly as long as the petioles. Leaves coriaccous, glabrous, ohovatc or sometimes ellip ti c, 17-50 x 8-22 em; apex rounded to sligh tl y acuminate, base cu neat e, usually attenuate; nerves in 9-25 pairs, c urved upward and meeting in an intramarginal vein, reticulation rather coarse, sometimes obscure. Petiole 2.5-7 em long. Peduncles glabrous, 3 12 x 0.51.3 em, with 2-18 nodes, pedicles absent or very short. Tepals 9, thick fleshy, the outer 3 greenish outside, sometimes reflexed in mature flowers, 1.55(-6.5) x 1-2 em, the inner tepa ls 6, c ream y white, erect, shorter than to as long as the outer tepals; stamens 1.2-3 em long, connective appendage triangular t o s ubulate, 1 -3 mrn long, filaments 1-3 rnrn long; gynoeciurn ellipsoid, 1 -2 em long, carpels 10-100, pubescent, the styles long, becoming woody s pines to 15 rum in fruits but sometimes caducous; scars of perianth and stamens on torus ca. 5 x 8 mm. Fruits ellipsoid, 5-1 5 x 4-7.5 ern. Distribution. Tibet, Sikkim, Nepal, Assam (Khasia), Burma, Thailand, and Malesia. In CHINA. Southern Yunnan: D.T. Tao 413.

Hculogy. In evergreen broad -leaved forest. Altitude: 800-1,500 rn. Floweri ng May-June; fruiting August -September. Notes. \Vithout fruits th is species is hard to distinguish from Magnolia henr yi Dunn. The lat - ter species has, as typical in s ubgenus Magnolia, follicles that dehisce dorsally. In subgenus Talmmw the apical parts of the carpels fall off entirely, leaving the axis with the carpellar scars and red seeds hanging from a funiculus. Magnolia henryi is therefore intermediate between the two subgen- era. Talauma luclwensis Law (manuscript), from Yunnan (D.T. Tao 113, KUN), is .\la gnolia candollii var. obovata, with th e developing fruits abnormally precocious. !Hagrwlia candollii var. obovata was erroneously identified as Manglietia glauca (non Blume, 1823) by Hidley (1922) for the collec tion of L. M. Bell & Haniff and by Ridley (1913) and Merrill (1921 a) as Talauma cando/lei (non Blume, 1823). HYBRIDS AND CULTIVATED SPECIES OF SECTIONS NoT NATIVE TO CIIINA

31. Magnolia x soulangiana Hamel, Ann. Soc. Hort. Paris 1: 90. 1827. Magnolia yulan var . soulangiarw (Hamel) Lindl., Bot. H eg. 14: t. 1164. 1828. TYPE: We do not know whether a lectotype has ever been designated. Deciduous small tree or large shrub to 6-10 rn high; young twigs purple-brown or dark purple, 34 mm diam., sparsely to densely pubescent, or hairy only at the leaf axils, soon glabrescent; terminal winter bud s ovoid, densel y brownish villous with somewhat shiny hairs. Stipules densely pu - uescent with appressed , long, straight, and brownish hairs, adnate to the petiole, scars 4-15 rnm long. Leaves membraneous to chartaceous, dark bright green, covered with scattered hairs everywhere or along midrib and nerves above, greenish, pubescent with long, straight, undulate to curly, colorless hairs along midrib, nerves and reticulation beneath, obovate, 6-17.5(-22) x 4-9(-13) e m; apex usually abruptly shorta c uminate, acumen 320 mm long, base obtuse, cu nea te to attenuate; nerves cons picuous below, in 7-10 pairs, reticulation coa rsel y netted, obscure on both surfaces. Petiole

pubescent, l -1.5 ern long. Flowers appearing before and after the leaves; peduncles densely pubescent with yellow to yellowish white hairs, 1 2-14 x 4-6 mm, pedicles 5-8 x 3-4 mm; tepals 9, white flushed with pink or purple outside, white or pink inside, spatulate to ohova te, the outer 3 subequal to the inner 6 tepals, sollle- times about half the length of the inner ones, 512.5(-15) x 2-5.5(-9) em; stamens purple, l 1.2( -1.4) em long, anthers dehiscing laterall y, connective appendage triangular, ca. 1 mrn long, filaments 3-4 mm long; gynoecium g reen, gla brous to hair y, cylindric, 1.5-2.2 x 0.3-0.4 em . Fruits cylindric, ca. 5-1 0 x 3 em; ripe car pels ovoid to suhglobose, white-lenticellate, l -1.5 em long, without beak s; torus with scars of perianth and stamens ca. 8 x 8 mm. Seeds broadly ovoid or ohovoid, slightl y compressed, ca. 1.2 em long. Note. Hybrid from Magnolia heptapeta and Magnolia quinquepeta, cultiva ted in ganlen s as an ornamental.

Volume 80, Number 4 1993

Chen & Nooteboom Magnoliaceae of China 1029 Magnolia (subgenus Magnolia) section Theo rhodon Spach, Hist. Natur. Veget. Phaner- og. 7:

470. 1839. Stipules free from the petiole, leaves evergreen. Flowers neither precocious nor with a much reduced outer whorl of tepals, tepals subsimilar in texture. Fru i t ellipsoid to oblong. Not native to China.

32. Magnolia grandiflora L., Syst. Nat. eel. 10 (2): 1082. 1759.

TYPE:

?

Evergreen tree up to 30 m high in its original habitat; bark brownish or gray; young twigs stout, 6-7 mm diam., dull brown, densely yellowish sericeous, eventually glabrous. Stipules covered with the same indument as the young twigs, free from the petiole. Leaves thick coriaceous, dark green, glossy above, green, densely hairy with short to long, undulate to curly, colorless or brown hairs, graduall y glabrescen t beneath, elliptic, ovate to obovate, 10-20 x 4-10 em; apex acu te to short- acuminate, base cuneate to broadly cuneate; midrib and nerves visible on the undersides, nerves in 810 pairs, retic ulation coarsely netted, prominent above, obscured below. Petiole 1.5-4 em long, without stipular scars. Flowers erect, heavily scent - ed, 15-20 em diam., peduncles 3-4 X 0.8-0.9 em, densely yellowish sericeous; pedicles very short, ca . 1 mm long; tepals 8-12, subsimilar, white, broadly obovate, broadly elliptic to orbicular, basally shortclawed, concave, thick fleshy, 8-10 X 5-8 em; stamens purplish, ca. 2 em long, anthe rs in trorsely dehiscing, connective appendage triangular, ca. 2 mm long, filaments flat, 1-2 mm long; g y noecium ellipsoid, densely yellowish tomentose; carpels ovate, 1-1.5 em, styles recurved. Fruiting peduncles 3-4 x 0.8-0.9 em, pedicles ca. l mm long. Fruits ovoid-cylindric, 5-10 x 4-5 e m, densely brown or yellow tomentose; ripe c arpels apically long-beaked, scars of perianth and stamens along torus 1. 7-2 X 1 em. Seeds ellipsoid to ovoid, compressed laterall y , ca. 1.4 X 0.6 e m. Distribution.

Native of southeastern Un ited St a tes, cultivated in southern China.

Uses . Wood yellow-white, heav y and hard, used for interior finish; leaves, young shoots, and flowers extracted for volatile oil; the tree is a spec tacular ornamental. DUBIOUS NAMES

Magnolia honanensi s B. C. Ding & T. B. Chao,

J. Henan Agricultural College 4: 6. 1983.

SYNTYPES: China.

Henan: Yu Xian, T.

n. Chao

et al. 838281, 838282 (in Herb. Henan Col - lege of

Agric ulture Conservatus) = Magnolia biondii Pamp.(?). Magnolia biondii var. par vialabastra T. B. Chao, Y. H . Ren & J. T. Gao, J. Henan Agric ultura l College 4: 7. 1983. SYNTYPES: China. Henan: Nanchao Xian, T. IJ. Chao et al. 8367 1, 83672 (in Herb. Henan College of Agric ulture Conservatus) = Ma gnolia biondii Parnp.(?).

l1a gnolia biondii var. ovata T. B. Chao & T. X . Zhang, J. Henan A g ricultural College, 4: 9. 1983. TYPE: China. Henan: Lushan Xiau, T IJ. Chao et al. s.n . (in Herb. Henan College of Agriculture Conservatus) = .Magnolia bion - dii Pamp.(?). Jlagnolia biondii var. purpura T. B. C h ao & Y . C. Qiao, J. Henan A g ric ultura l College , 4: l 0. 1983. SYNTYPES: Ch i na. Hena n: Lushan X ia n, Y Z. Qiao et al. 0005 , 0006 (in H e rb. H enan College of Agriculture Conser vatus) = Mag- nolia biondii Pamp.(?).

.lla gnolia biond ii var. planitil' s T. B. Chao & Y. Z. Qiao, J. Henan A g ricultural College 4: I 0. 1983. TYPE: China. Henan: Yu X ian, 1: IJ . Chao et al. s.n. (in Herb. Henan College of Agriculture Conservatus) = Ma gnolia hiondii Pamp.(?).

.llagnolia denudata Desr. var. p yram idali s T. B.

Chao & Z. X. Chen, J. Henan A g ric ultu ral College 4: 11. 1983. SYNTYPES: China. H e nan: Zengzhou, T. B. Chao et a l. 8387' 1 , 8387'2 (in Herb. Henan College of A g ric ulture Con - servatus) = Magnolia h l' plapl' la ( Buc'hoz) Dandy (?).

Magnolia axilliflora T. B. Chao, T. X. Z hang & J. T. Gao in T. B. Chao, A c ta A g ric ulture U niversitatis Henanensis 19( 4): 360. 1985. S YNTYPES: China. Henan: Nanc hao Xiau , 1: /J. Chao et al. 83815, 83816, T. X. Zhang l'l al . 82910, 82911 (in Herb. Henan College of A g ricultu re Conser va tus) = 1l1a gnolia hiondii Pamp.(?).

,\lagnolia a x illiflo ra var . alba T. B. Chao, Y . II. R en & J. T. Gao. Ac ta A g ri c ulture U ni ver- sitat is llena nensis, 19(4): 360, photo 4. 1985. SYNTYPES: China. Henan: T. R. Chao, }". II . Hen & S. D. Zhuao 855181, 855 182 , T. IJ. Chao,]. T. Gao et al. 854151, 85-1152 (flowering, in herb. Henan Agric ultural U ni ve rsit y Conservatus) = Magnolia biondii Parnp.(?). Magnolia axilliflora va r. nwltitepala T. B. Chao, Y. H . Ren & J. T. Gao, Acta A g ric ulture U niversitatis Henanensis, 19(4): 361. 1985.

1030


China. Henan: T B. Chao, Y II. R en & S. 0. Zhuao 855201, 85 ,J 7 1 (flowering, in herb. Henan Agri. Univ.) = "\lagnolia biowlii Pamp.(?). Magnolia fimiushanensis T. B. Chao, J. T. Gao & Y. II. Ren, Acta Agriculture Universitatis Henanensis, 19(4): 362, photo 5. 1985. TYPE: China. Henan: T. B. Chao, ]. T. Gao & Y. II. U Pn 85019 (flowering, in herb. Henan Agri. Univ.) = Magnolia bimulii Pamp.( ?). .Magnolia fimiushanensis var. purpurea T. B. Chao & J . T. Gao, Acta Agriculture Universitatis llenanensis, 19(4): 362. 1985. SYNTYPES: China. Henan: T 8. Chao, et al. 8552 I 8, 8552 19 (flowering, in herb. Henan Agri. U niv.) = Magnolia biondii Pamp.(?). Magnolia biondii var. flava T. B. Chao, J. T. Gao & Y. H. Ren, Acta Agriculture U niversitatis llenanensis, 19(4): 362. 1985. SYNTYPES: China. Henan: T. B. Chao, et a!. 855207 , 855208, B··tO19 (flowering, in herb. Henan Agri. U niv.) = Magnolia biondii Pamp.(?). Magnolia biowlii var. tatitepala T. B. Chao & J. T. Gao, Acta Agriculture Universitatis H cnanensis, 19(4): 363. 1985. TYPE: China . He- nan: 'F: IJ . Chao & ./. T Gao 85 4 72 (flowering, in herb. He nan Agri. U niv.) = Magnolia hiorulii Pamp.(?). Magnolia denudata Desr. var. angustitepala T. B. Chao & Z. S. Chun, Acta Agriculture Uni- versitatis llenanensis, 19(4): 363. 1985. S YNTYPES: China. H enan: T. H. Chao, et al. 813 I S I, 8135 I 2 (flowering, in herb. Henan Agr. U niv.) = Magnolia heptapeta ( Bu c'hoz) Dandy (?). Magnolia .ino.Hellata P. L. Chiu & Z. H. Chen, A c ta Phytotax. Sin. 27, 1: 79. 1989. TYPE: China. Zhejiang: Cao y utang of Jingning, J. P. Si & II. F. Pan ]11- 002 (holotype, HHBG; isotype, PE ) = Magnolia stellata (?) (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim. SYNTYPES:

II. Manglielia Blume, Verh. Bat. Gen. 9: 149. 1823. Magnolia sect. Manglietia (Blume) Baillon, Adansonia 7: 66. 1866. TYPE Manglietia glauca Blume.

SPECI ES:

Paramarzglietia Hu & Cheng, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1, 2: 255. 1951. TYPI-: SPECIES: Paramanglietia aromatira (Dandy) Hu & Cheng. .Manglietiastrum Law, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11: 7 2, t. 2. 1979. TYPE Sl'ECIE.."i: Manglietiastrum sinicum Law.

Tree. Stipules adnate to or free from petiole. Flowers terminal, solitar y, bisexual; tepals 9-13, 3- mcrous, suhequal; anthers introrse, connective produced into a short or long appendage. Gynoe- cium sessile, but a gynophore present in section Manglietiastmm. Follicles free, crowded, dehiscent along the dorsal and sometimes also the ven tral suture. Distribution. About 25 species in tropical and subtropical Asia from the eastern Himalayas eastward to southern China and Malesia (not in the Mol uccas and New Guinea). Eighteen species in China.

Note. Manglietia is still treated as a separate genus mainl y because the number of ovules is 412(-16), while in Magnolia it is 2(-4). Leaf and wood anatomical characters point to the fact that Manglietia consists of a group of closely related s pecies, although the similarity with Magnolia is g reat. However, all genera of 1\Iagnoliaceae as recognized by Nooteboom (1985) are quite similar in anatomical characters. Man y species of Manglietia have a hypodermis of 1-2 s ubepidermal la yers beneath the upper epidermis, some also adjacent to the lower epidermis; few species have this h y podermis adjacent only to the lower epid ermis. Species of Magnolia mostly lack a hypodermis. Manglietia consists entirel y of evergreen species, thus the anatomy must be compared with the anatomy of evergreen species of Magnolia. The s pecies of Manglietia usually do not have helical thick enin gs and usuall y have sca - lariform perforations and large vessel-ray pits throughout the rays; this pitting is present only in the marginal ray cells of the evergreen s pecies of Magnolia. Scalariform perforations do occur in some deciduous species of Magnolia, and helical thickenings arc found in a few s pecies of J1anglietia. . .

Regarding Man g lietia sinica [Manghettas- tmm sinicum Law, Magnolia sinica (Law) Noot.; Nooteboom (1985) at that time was not a ble to s tudy any collections], we conclude that the num - ber of ovules, as well as the sometimes well-de- veloped hypodermis, and the scalariform and uni- lateral compound vessel-ray pitting throughout the rays, warrant regarding it as a species of "\1an - glietia, not of Magnolia. Moreover, oil cells are us ually absent in the rays, as in Manglietia. How- ever, the discontinuous helical thi ckenin gs in the vessels point to Magnolia, although this character is found in a few other species of Manglietia . KEY TO TilE SPECIE..OF MANGUE17A

(primarily Lased on flower characters) 1. 1. 2( l ).

Twigs glabrous. ................. .........._.................... . . 2 Twigs hairy at least when young. .......................... 12 Gynoeciurn stipitate; stipules free. .................... ................................................................ 18. J1a nglieti a sini ca


Chen & Nooteboom Magnoliaceae of China 1031

2.

Gynoecium not stipitate; stipules adnate to

l 0 mm long, connective appendage trianpetiole. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 gular, filaments 1 mm long; gynoecium el-

3(2). 3. 4(3). 4. 5(4).

5. Leaves glaucous beneath . .................................................. 4 Leaves not glaucous beneath . ....................................... 6 Twigs 4-5 mm thick; leaf base narrowly cuneate, reticulation rather obscure. .............................................................. 2. M angl ietia conifera Twigs 6-10 mm thick; leaf base cuneate, reticulation distinct. --------------------------------------5 Ped uncle 15 mm long; stipules pubescent; leaves obovate, 5-7 em broad, apex shortacuminate; gynoecium hairy; fruits ovoid, 6 em long, follicles hairy. .................................. ........

------------------------------------------------ 13. Manglietia microtricha Peduncle 30-34 mm long; stipules gla11(9). 11. lipsoid, 14-15 mm high; fruiting peduncles 3-4 mm thick, fruits ovoid-ellipsoid, 3.5 em long; scars of perianth and stamens along torus under fruit 7-9 mm long.

_

.......................................................... 4. Mangliet ia du clouxii Outer tepals 5.5-7 em long, inner tepals 4-4.8 em long; connective appendage of anthers triangular, 1.8 mm long; leaf base cuneate, reticulation coarse. .................................... .................. Sa. Manglietia fordiana var. fordiana Outer tepals 3.5 em long, inner tepals 2.8 em long; connective appendage of anthers semiorbicular, 1-1.5 mm long; leaf base brous; leaves narrowly obovate, 10.5-13

narrowl y cuneate, reticulation fine. _ _ em broad, apex acuminate; gynoecium glabrous; fruits ovoid-oblong, 10-16 em long, follicles gl abrous. .............. 8.

Manglietia grandis 12(1). 12. .............................................................. 2. Ma nglietia conifera Leaves glaucous beneath. ............................................... 13 Leaves not glaucous beneath. ------------------------------------ 15

6(3). 6. 7(6). Peduncle 5-7 mm Peduncle 2-4 mm Leaves 11-16 em tinct; stipular scars

thick. -------------------------------------------------- - 7 thick. --------------------------------------------------- 9 broad, reticulation dison petiole 16-45 mm long; peduncle hairy; flower purple or red,

13(12). Peduncle 10 mm long; apex of leaf short- acuminate, petiole dilated at base; outer tepals 2-2.2 em long, thick-fleshy; connective appendage of anther s triangula r.

................................................................ 3. Ma nglietia d and yi outer tepals 12-14 em long; gynoecium 27 mm high, carpels 70-80; fruits 9.5 em long. _ 11. 1"Hanglietia Lu cida 7. Leaves 3.5-10 em broad, reticulation rather obscure; stipular scars on petiole 1-7 mm long; peduncle glabrous; flower (green-

13. Peduncle 15-90 mm long; apex of leaf acuminate or acute, petiole not dilated at base; outer tepals 3.5-7.5 em long, thin- coriaceous; connective appendage of anthers triangular with a sharp pointed tip, or semiorbicular. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 14

8(7). ish) white, outer tepals 5.5-8(-20) em long; gynoecium 16-22 mm high, carpels 1230 or 38-46; f ruits 5-7 em long. ... 8 Pedicle 4 mm; stipules (rufous) villous; leaf base cuneate; apex short-acuminate; petiole not dilated at base; outer tepals oblong;

14(13). Stipules glabrous; reticulation of leaf distinct , coarse, base cuneate; pedicle present; inner tepals obovate or elliptic; connective appendage of anthers triangular with a sharp pointed tip, 4 mm long; scars of bracts 2 or 3. 7. Manglietia glauca var. sumatra na connective appendage of anthers semiorbicular, 1 mm long, filaments 1 mm long; gynoecium ovoid; fruiting peduncles 3-5.5 em long, fruits ellipsoid . ...............................................

8.

............................................. 15. M a nglietia pac hy phylla Pedicle 6-8 mm; stipules pubescent; leaf

14. Stipules pubescent; reticulation of leaf rather obscure, fine, base narrowly cunea te; pedicle absent; inner tepals spath ula te; connective appendage of anthers semiorbicular, 1- l.5 mm long; scars of bracts 0 or

1.

2. Manglietia conifera

base attenuate-cuneate, apex acuminate;

15(12). Carpels 20-39. .......................................................................... 16 petiole dilated at base; outer tepals obovate-

15. Carpels 44-88. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19 ellipt ic; connective appendage of anthers triangular, 1.8 mm long, filaments 2 mm long; gynoecium broadly ellipsoid; fruiting

16(15). Outer tepals 3.5 em long; flower (greenish) yellow or yellowish, inner tepals 2.8 em long. ............................................... 2. .Manglietia conifera peduncles 9-11 mm long, fruits ovoid or ovoid-globose. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

16. Outer tepals 5.5-8 em long; flower (greenish) white, inner tepals 4-8 em long. _

9(6). 9.

17

10(9). ------------------ Sb. Manglietia fordiana var. calcarea Carpels 45-86. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 Carpels ( 12-)20-36. ........................................................... 11 Gynoecium glabrous, tree to 25 m high; st ipules glabrous or pubescent; reticulation

17(17). Connective appendage semiorbicular; inner tepals 9; gynoecium ellipsoid; fruits subglobose; scars of perianth and stamens along torus under fruit 7 -10 mm long. _ -------------------------------------------------------- 1. .Manglietia aromatica of leaf distinct; outer tepals thin-coriaceous, stamens 13-16 mm long, connective appendage triangular with a sharp pointed tip, filaments 2-5 mm long; gynoecium ovoid or narrowly ovoid, 17 -28 mm high; fruiting

17. Connective appendage triangular or very long, narrowly triangular; inner tepals 6 or 7; gynoecium ovoid; fruits ovoid; scars of perianth and stamens along torus under fruit 13-22 mm long. ---------------------------------------18 peduncles 5-10 mm thick, fruits ovoid-oblong or cylindric, 6.5-11 em long; scars of perianth and stamens along torus under fruit 14-20 mm long. ----------------------------------------------------

18(18). Connective appendage very long, narrowly triangular; reticulation of leaves distinc t, petiole dilated at base; filaments 1 mm long. .................... Sc. Manglietia fordiana var. forrestii 10. ----------------------------------------------------------- 10. Manglietia insignis Gynoecium hairy, tree to 8 m high; stipules sparsely hairy; reticulation of leaf rather obscure; outer tepals thick-fleshy, stamens 18. Connective appendage triangular; reticulation of leaves rather obscure, petiole not dilated at base; filaments 1.5-2 mm long. ----------------- Sa. Manglietia fordiana var. fordiana

1032


19( 15). Leaves glabrous. ....................................................................... 20 30.

Gynoecium glabrous; pedicle present; fol-

19. 20(19). 20. 21(20). 21. 22(19). 22. 23(22). 23. Leaves hairy beneath at least when young. 22 Peduncle 30-37 mm long. ........................................ .... . ..... 9. Manglietia lrookai Peduncle 1 0-15 mm long. 21 Leaves 11 -16 em broad, obovate, reticu· lation coarse; peduncle stout, 6 mm thick; outer tepals 12-14 em long, thick-fleshy; fruiting peduncles 4.5 em long, fruits ovoid. .................. ........................ 11. .Manglietia Lucida Leaves 4-8 em broad, elliptic or narrowly obovate, reticulation fine; peduncle slender, 4 mm thick; outer tepals 5-7 em long, thin· coriaceous; fruiting peduncles 1.2-2.5 em long, fruits ovoid-oblong or cylindric. ............ .................. ............ .......................... 10. .Manglietia insignis Peduncle 10.1 -13 mm thick. ............................... .... ................................. 12. Manglietia megaphylla Peduncle 4 -10 mm thick . ............................................. 23 Peduncle 4.1 -10 mm thick. ... .. ............................ 24 Peduncle 4 mm thick . ........................................................ 28 licles glabrous. ........................................................... ...... ..... 31 31(30). Peduncle 10-15 mm long, pedicle 3-5 mm; reticulation of leaf distinct; outer tepals thin· coriaceous; connective appendage of an· thers triangular with a sharp pointed tip, filaments 2-5 mm long; gynoecium 17-28 mm high; fruits ovoid-oblong or cylindric, 6.5-11 em long; scars of perianth and stamens along torus under fruit 14-20 mm long. ........................................... 10. .Manglietia insignis 31. Peduncle 22-30 mm long, pedicle 1 -2 mm; reticulation of leaf rather obscure; outer tepals coriaceous; connective appendage of anthers semiorbicular, filaments 1 mm long; gynoecium 11 -15 mm high; fruits ovoid, 2.5-3.5 em long; scars of perianth and stamens along torus under fruit 9 mm long. .... 5d. A1anglietia Jordiana var. ktmrrgtungensis

24(23). Twigs in innovations 5.1 -12 mm thick . ........ 25 KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MANGUE11A

24. Twigs in innovations 2-5 mm thick . ................. 26 (based primarily on fruit characters) 25(24). Pedicle absent; twigs pubescent, stipules pu· bescent; leaves minutely (scattered) hairy beneath, apex short-acuminate. .

··················-·-·································... 6. Manglietia garrettii 1. 1.

25.

Stipules free; gynoecium stipitate. ..................... ............................................................. 18. Manglietia sirrica Stipules adnate to petiole; gynoecium not stipitate. ............................................................................. 2

Pedicle present; twigs villous, stipules (rufous) villous; young leaves with longer hairs beneath, apex acuminate or acute. ....................................... 12. .Manglietia megaphylla 2( 1 ). 2. 3(2).

Follicles hairy. ............................................................. ................ 3 Follicles glabrous. ....................................................................... 7 Pedicle present; leaves narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovate. .............................................. ................ 4

26(24). Gynoecium hairy; hairs white; follicles hairy. 17. .Manglietia ventii 3. 4(3).

Pedicle absent; leaves elliptic or obovate. Tree ca. 15 m high; twigs yellowish villous

5

26. Gynoecium glabrous; hairs brown or red, follicles glabrous.

.................... ................. 27

when young, 4-5 mm diam.; stipules pu· bescent; reticulation of leaf distinct; stipular 27(26). Gynoecium 13-15 mm high; twigs villous, 4-5 mm diam., stipules (rufous) villous; young leaves with longer hairs beneath, re· ticulation rather obscure, petiole not dilated at base; flower creamy white, outer tepals coriaceous, 3.7-5.7 x 2-2.5 em, the inner petals 9-12 em long; connective appendage short pointed or semiorbicular, 1 -1.5 mm long, fruiting peduncles slender, fruits ovoid. 14. .Manglietia moto scars 9-11 mm long; peduncle hairy; flower (greenish) white; outer tepals ovate or oblong; stamens 12-20 nun long; gynoecimn 17-25 nun high. 16. Marrglietia s::.eclwanica 4. Treelet ca. 8 m high; twigs glabrous, 3 mm diam.; stipules sparsely hairy; reticulation of leaf rather obscure; stipular scars 2 -3 mm long; peduncle glabrous; flower purple or red; outer tepals obovate; stamens 10 mm long; gynoecium 14-15 mm high. ...... 27. 28(23). 28. 29(28). 29. Gynoecium 30 mm high; twigs pubescent, 5-8 mm diam., stipules pubescent; leaves minutely (scattered) hairy beneath, reticulation distinct, petiole dilated at base; flower purple or red, outer tepals thick-fleshy, 66.5 x 3 em, the inner ones slightly smaller; connective appendage triangular, 3 mm long; fruiting peduncles stout, fruits ovoidoblong. . . . 6. .Manglietia garrettii Peduncle (22-)31 -90 mm long. .... 29 Peduncle 10-30 mm long. 30 Pedicle absent; twigs villous, stipules (ru· fous) villous; young leaves with longer hairs beneath; inner tepaIs 9-12 em, outer tepaIs 3.7-5.7 em long. ................. 14. Manglietia moto Pedicle present; twigs pubescent, stipules pubescent; leaves minutely (scattered) hairy beneath; inner tepals 2.7-4.5 em, outer tepals 4-4.5 em long. ........ ..... 5d . .Manglietia Jordiana var. kwangturrgensis ....................................................... 4. .MangliPtia duclouxii

5(3). 5. 6(5).

7(2).

Young twigs densely tomentellous, 2-3.5 mm thick; leaves not glaucous beneath. ........ 17. .Manglietia verrtii Young twigs glabrous or rather long-hairy, 610 nun thick; leaves glaucous beneath. 6 Twigs glabrous; leaves glabrous, reticula· tion distinct, fine; petiole glabrous; peduncle glabrous, 15 mm long. ............................. ..................... 13. .Marrglietia microtricha 6. Young twigs with rather long, undulate to curly, spreading rufous hairs; leaves pubescent beneath at least when young, re· ticulation rather obscure, coarse; petiole hairy; peduncle hairy, 10 mm long. ............... .................................. 3. Manglietia dandyi Pedicle absent. .............................. . 8

7. 8(7). 8.

Pedicle present. .......................................................................... 15 Fruiting peduncles 11 -14 mm thick . .................. 9 Fruiting peduncles 2-9 mm thick. 10 30(28). Gynoecium hairy; pedicle absent; follicles hairy. ............................................... 1 7. J\larrglietia verrtii 9(8).

Twigs and stipules glabrous; leaves glaucous beneath, narrowly obovate, 10.5-13 em



9.

broad; petiole not dilated at base; fruits oblong-ovoid, 10-16 x 6- 10 em; scars of perianth and stamens along torus under fruit 15-17 mm long; peduncle 30-34 mm long, 13-14 mm thick; flower pink; carpels 95-110; scars of bra cts 0. ......................... .... 8. J langliPtia grandi s Young twigs densely appressed-pubescent;

15(7). 15. ish) yellow or yellowish; outer tepals 3.5 em long; inner tepals 2.8 em long; connective appendage semiorbicular, 1-1.5 mm long. 2. AlangliPtia conifrra Fruits ovoid-globose, 9.5 x 8-10 ern or 7-9.5 x 6-8.5 em. . 16 Fruits ovoid, ovoid-oblong, cylindri c, ellip18 soid, or oblong, 2.5-8 x 2.5-5.5 em. stipules pubescent; leaves not glaucous beneath, obovate or narrowly ovate, 6-9.5 em broad; pet iole dila ted at base; fruits subglobose to ovoid, 8-8.5 x 5.2 em; scars 16(15). Twigs glabrous to minutely hairy; fruiting peduncles 4.5 em long; fruits 9.5 x 8-10 em; stipules pubescent; leaves and petiole glabrous. 11. Manglirtia Lu cida of perianth and stamens along torus under 16. Twigs densely and longer hairy when young.

I7

10(8). 10. fruit 7 mm long; peduncle 12-20 mm long, 4-5 mm thick; flower white; carpels 2939; scars of bracts 1 or 2. .......................... ........................................................ 1. MangliPt ia aromatica 11 Carpels 48-88. 12 Carpels (l2 -)20-36. ........................................ h

•

•

•

••••••••••••••••••

•

•••••••••••

17(16). Leaves 23-40 x 9.4-17 em; fruiting peduncles 10-30 x 10-13 mm; stipules (rufous) villous; leaves scattered villous with long undulate to c urly dark brown hai rs beneath at least when young; petiole hair y. 12. MangliPt ia mrgaph ylla 11(10). Young leaves scattered hairy with long, dark brown hairs beneath, 11 -19 x 5-7 em; twigs and stipules brown t o rufous villous; apex acuminate or mucronate; reticulation 17 . Leaves 21 -32 x 6.5-10 em; fruits 7 9.5 x 6-6.5 em broad; peduncle 30-37 x 710 mm; pedicle 7- 13 mm. ............................. ............................... 9. Manglirt ia huok r ri rather obscure; petiole not dilated at base; fruits ovoid; flower (greenish) outer tepals coriaceous; connective appendage shor t-

white or (greenish) yellow or yellowish;

18(15). Leaves glaucous beneath; fruit ovoid to ovoid-oblong, 3.5-8 x 2.5-5.5 em; sca rs of bracts 2 or 3. ............................................................ .. 7. Jlangli Pt ia glau ca var. su mat ra na

pointed or semiorbicular, 1 -1.5 mm long; gynoecium 13-15 mm high. 18. Leaves not glaucous beneath; scars of br acts 0 or 1. ..... .........

19

ll. .......... ......... ........ 14. MangliPtia mota Leaves minutely brownish hairy beneath, 19(18). Scars of perianth and stamens along t or us under fruit 7-9 mm long. ..............

20

18-34.5 x 8-12 em; twigs and stipules pubescent; apex short-acuminate; reticu19. Scars of perianth and stamens along t orus under frui t 12 -22 mm long.

21

lation distinct; petiole dilated at base; fruits oblong; flower purple or red; outer tepals thick-fleshy; connective appendage tr ia n- gular, 3 mm long; gynoecium 30 mm high . .................. .. 6. Mangliet ia garrett ii 12(10). Fruiting peduncles 4.1-6 mm thick. 13 20( 19). Twigs hairy at least when young; frui t ovoid or irregular, 2.5-3.5 x 2.5 em; trt>e of ca . 15 m high; stipules pubescen t; pet iole hairy; fruiting ped u ncles 3-3.5 em long, 5 mm thick; peduncle hairy, 22-31 m m long; flower (greenish) white; outer tepals coria12. Fruiting peduncles 2 -4 mm thick.

14

ceous; connective appendage semior bic u13(12). Leaves not gla ucous, glabrous or minutely scatter ed hairy beneath; petiole not dilated at base, stipular scar 2-6 mm long; peduncle 4 mm thick; outer tepa ls 5.5-7 cm long, thin-coriaceous; inner tepals 4-4.8 em long; connective appendage 1.8 mm long; filaments 1.5-2 mm long; scars of bra cts 1. . ..... ..... .............. Sa. MangliPtia fordiana var. fordia n a 20. lar, 1 mm long; gynoecium glabrous, ovoid; styles 1-1.5 mm long. ............................ Sd. A1anglirt ia fordiana var. kwangtungrn- sis Twigs glabrous; fruits ovoid-ellipsoid, ca. 3.5 em long; treelet ca. 8 m high; st i pules sparsely hair y; petiole and pedu ncle g la- brous; fruiting peduncles 1.31.5 em long, 3-4 mm thick; peduncle 13-15 mm long; 13. Leaves glaucous, densel y pubescent beneath when young; petiole dilated at base, stipular scar 6-10 mm long; ped uncle 5 mm thick; outer tepals 2-2.2 em long, thick - flesh y; inner tepals 1.8-2 em long; connective appenda ge 1 m m long; filaments 1 mm long; scars of bra cts 2. 3. Jlangliet ia dand yi 21(19). flower purple or red; outer tepals t hick fleshy; connective appendage triangular, 2 3 mm long; gy noecium hairy, styles 3-4 mm long. . .......................... 4. .Manglirt ia duclouxii Fruits ovoid-oblong, cylindric, or elli psoid , 5-7 x 4.5 or 6.5-11 x 3-4 em; peduncle 10-20 mm long; pedicle 3-5 mm; connective appendage triangular with a sha rp 14(12). Twigs 4-10 mm diam., usuall y glabrous, sometimes pubescent at the annular scars; reticulation of leaf coarse, base cuneate; flower (greenish) white; outer tepals 5.5-7 em long; inner tepals 4 -4.8 em long; con21. pointed tip or semiorbicular; twigs 3-8 or ca. 10 mm diam. ··-··-···--··-----------------·-·----······ Fruits ovoid-globose or irregular, 2.5 6 x

22

2-5 em; connective appendage triangular or very long, narrowly triangular; twigs 3nective appendage triangular, 1.8 mm long.

8 mm diam. _

--········--·----·-----------

23

14. .................. Sa. "Hanglirtia fordiana var. fordiarw Twigs 4 -5 mm diam., usuall y ferrugineous pubescent when young; reticulation of leaf fine, base narrowly cuneate; flower (green22(21). Fruits ellipsoid, 5-7 x 4.5 em; st i pules (rufous) villous; apex of leaf short -acumi - nate, retic ulat ion rather obscure; ped uncle stout, 7 mm thick; outer tepals coriaceous;


1034

connective appendage semiorbicular; filaments 1 mm long. .........

............................................. 15. Manglietia pacltyphylla 22. Young twigs glabrous or pubescent at the nodes, 3-8 mm diam.; fruits ovoid-oblong to ovoidcylindric, sometimes irregular, 6.511 x 3-4 em; stipules glabrous or pubescent; apex of leaf acuminate or mucronate, reticulation distinct; peduncle slender, 4 mm thick; outer tepals thin-coriaceous; connective appendage triangular with a sharp pointed tip; filaments 2-5 mm long. .. -------------------------------------------------- 10. Manglietia insignis 23(21 ). Young twigs densely brown pubescent, 36 mm diam.; fruits ovoid, 4-5.5 x 3.5-5 em; reticulation of leaf distinct; connective appendage very long, narrowly triangular; filaments 1 mm long. ..................................................... ................... Sc. Manglietia fordiana var. forrestii 23. Fruits ovoid to ovoid-globose or irregular, 2.5-6 x 2-5 em; reticulation of leaf rather obscure; connective appendage triangular; filaments 1.5-2 mm long. ........................... 24 24(23). Twigs glabrous, 5-7 mm diam.; base of leaf attenuate-cuneate; petiole dilated at base; peduncle 5-6 mm thick; pedicle 6-8 mm; gynoecium broadly ellipsoid, 16-20 nnu high; scars of bracts 0. ................................................. .................. Sb. Manglietia fordiaua var. calcarea 24. Young twigs glabrous or pubescent at the nodes, 4-8 mm diam.; base of leaf cuneate; petiole not dilated at base; peduncle 4 mm thick; pedicle 0-1 mm; gynoecium ovoid, 13-15 mm high; sca rs of bracts l. .................. Sa. Manglietia fordiana var. fordiaua

11-1. Manglietia section Manglietia Gynoecium sessile. Stipules ± adnate to petiole, at least in China. l. Manglietia aromatica Dandy, J. Bot. 69: 231. 1931. Paramanglietia aromatica ( Dandy) Hu & Cheng, Acta Phytotax. Sin. I: 255. 1951. TYPE: R. C. Ching 7421 (holotype, BM; isotypes, NY, PE). Figure 2. Tree to 20m high and 50 e m diam., Lark gray; young twigs at first densely appressed-pubescent with short, straight, gray or brownish hairs, soon glabrescent, stout, 7-10 mm diam., Llaek-Lrown, later graybrown; terminal buds ovoid, densely hairy, 2-2.4 em long; stipules densely appressed -pubescent with rather long, straight, yellowish hairs, adnate to the petiole. Leaves gla brous, thinly coriaceous to coriaceous, (narrowly) obovate, 1722.5 X 6-9.4 em; apex mucronate or acuminate, base c uneate; nerves in 9-16 pairs; midrib impressed above; reticulation coarse, prominent. Pet- iole glabrous, 2.7-3.5 em long, conspicuously dilated toward the base, stipular scars 5-12 mm long. Peduncles glabrous, ca. 12 X 4-5 mm, pedicles absent. Flowers white, tepals 12, su bequal, obovate to narrowly obovate, 6-8 X 2.5 em, 3-merous; stamens 1-1.2 em long, filaments 1-2 mm long, connective appendage semiorbicular; gynoecium ellipsoid, ca . 16 X 10 mm; scars of perianth and stamens on the torus 7-10 X 6-10 mm. Fruiting peduncle 13-20 X 11 mm. Fruits subglobose to ovoid, ca. 8-8.5 X 5.2 em; torus with scars of perianth and stamens 0.7-2 X 1 em; carpels 2939, with thick and ligneous wall, free when ripe, their dorsal faces 10-25 X 0.8-1.9 em, adaxial parts 1 -2 em long, dehiscing along the dorsal and ventral su ture; fruiting peduncles stout , 1.3-1.9 X 0.61.2 em. Seeds broadl y ellipsoid, 10-12 X 7-8 mm. Distribution. China and northern Vietnam. In CHI- NA. Guangxi: Bako Shan, Poseh, near Yunnan border, Ching R.C. 7421; Lingle, LingLe Exped. 32928; Don- glin, Chang C.C. 11432. Guizhou: /luang D.F. 1651. Southeastern Yunnan : Guangnan, Wang C. JT87854; Shichou District, Law Y. W. 4074, Wu C.A. 62- 37; Ma r- li-po, Hwang- jin-in, Feng K.M. 13009; Si-chour-hsien, Faa-doou, 11990.

Ecology. In mixed forest. Altitude 1,300- l ,900 m. Trees in the natural forest (Jingping of Yunnan) reach a height of 20.4 m and a diameter of 40 em by the age of 54 yea rs. Flowering Ma y- June; fruiting September-October. 2. Manglietia conifera Dandy, J. Bot. 68: 205. 1930. TYPE: Fleury in Chevalier 37 817 (holotype, P; isotype, L). Figure 3.

Manglietia chingii Dand y, J. Bot. 69: 232. 1931. TYPE: R. C. Ching 8390 (holotype, BM; isotypes, A, K, NY, PE).

Manglietia tenuipes Dandy, J. Bot. 69: 232. 1931. TYPE: R. C. Ching 7117 (holotype, BM; isotype, NY). Manglietia glaucifolia Law, Guihaia 4(4): 263. 1986. TYPE: China. Leishan, Guizhou: alt. 1,580 m, C. P. Chien et al. 50689 (holotype, PE not seen). Manglietia ovoidea Chang & B. L. Chen, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni (Guangzhou) 1: 108. 1988. TYPE: B. L. Chen Gs 86182 (holotype, SYS).

Tree to 28 m high and 55 em diam., twigs bla ck- brown and covered with many annular stipular scars, 4-5 mm diam., usually densely ferru- gineously pubescent in innovations, soon glabrescent. Stipules pubescent, adnate to the base of the petiole. Leaves thinly coriaceous to coriaceous, dark glossy green, glabrous above, pale green to ± glaucous, gla brous, or sometimes appressed-brown- hairy when young, soon gla brescent, usually the



FIGURE 2. Manglietia aromatica Dandy.-l. Branch with deflorated flower.-2. Flower.-3. Flower, outer tepals removed.-4. Fruit. Based on SYS 161520 = Chen Bao Liang 86 S 109. Drawing by Xie Qing Jian. hairs microscopically small and the leaves seemingly glabrous beneath; elliptic to (narrowly) obovate, X 4.3-6.4 em; apex acute to (shortly) acuminate, base narrowly cuneate; midrib

12.3-19.6

sulcate above, eleva ted below; nerves in 12-14( 1 7) pairs, meeting in a looped intramargina l vein; reticulation fine, inconspicuous on both sides. Pet - iole pubescent, glabrescent, sulcate above, 1.2-

1036

Annals of the

Missouri Botanical Garden

] FIG U RE 3.

Manglietia conifera Dandy. -1. Fruiting branch.-2. Fruit. Based on SYS 161743

=

Chen IJao

Liang GS 86 - 182. Drawing by Xie Qing Jian.


1.5 em, stipular sca rs on petiole 3-7 mm long. Peduncle variable in length, 1.5-9 x 0.2-0.4 em, erect or recurved, glabrous to ± pubesce nt, pedicle absent, bract single, spathaceous, pubescent, directly under the perianth. Tepals 9-11, the outer tepals 3, yellowish green to green, obovatc, thinly cor iaceou s, ca. 3.5 X 2.4 em, inner tepals 6-8, spa th ulate, fleshy, out side glabrous, yellowish with a flush of purple at the base, ca. 2.8 x 1.4 e m; st amens numerous with purple base, 9-11 mm, including 1-1.5-mm-long blunt connective appendage; gynoecium ovoid, ca. 1.5 e m, car pels 20-28, glabrous, slightly connate when young, styles glabrous, 1-2.5 mm long; ovules 3-11 in each carpel. Ripe fruit s ovoid to globose, 3.2 -5.4 x 2.8-4.2 e m, the surfa ce of the torus foveolate because of the dense scars of the fallen stamens, deeply depressed, scars of perianth and stamens ca. 5-16 X 47 mm along the torus; fruiting peduncle 1.5-9 X 0.2 -0.4 em, the dorsal face of the carpels 16-22 x 7-9 mm, elliptic, opening along the dorsa l suture only or both along dorsal and ventral suture. Seeds fiat, subcordate, 7-9 x 6-8 mm. Distribution. China and northern Vietnam. In CHI- NA. G uangdong: Luoding, Wang P.S . 614; Ru yuan, Ko S. P. 52 921; Sunyi Tai to Fat Youk Chong Ping, Ko S.P. 5 1777; Kung Ping Shan, and Vicinity Taan Faan, Fang Cheng Dist., Tsang WT. 26813. Guangxi: Na Pa, Sup Man Ta Shan, Liang H.Y 69538; Yeo Mar Shan, Ching R .C. 7117; 1\le Kon, Seh Feng, Dar Shan, S Nanning, Ching R .C. 8390; Damiaoshan, Chun S. /1. 14206. Yunnan: Mag uang, Chen B.L. 87 F 195; Mengze, Xu YC. 5 95.

Hcolog y. Locally fairly common, in mixed evergreen forests, on sa nd shale hills. Altitude: 5001,700 m. Flowe ring !\lay -June; fruiting Septembe r -October . l lses. \\'ood used for general construction work and furniture, bark used for medicine. Also g rown as an ornamental. Note. The specimens examined arc uniform in all c hara c ters, but the variation in length of the peduncles is considerable. There are, however, intermediate forms. Wc were not able to see the t y pe of .\Ia nglietia glaurifolia Law. Fortunatel y, Law's original desc ription gives enough information to enable us to recognize it. Consideration of the diagnostic c har - acters and the geographic dist ribution lead s to the conclusion that ,\langlietia glau r ifolia belongs to ,\langlietia rani/em. 3. Mangliet ia dand yi (Gagnep.) Dand y in Praglowski, World Pollen Spore Fl., 3 (Magnoliaceae): 5. 197 4. Magnolia dandyi Gagnep., Notulae Syst. 8: 63. 1939. 20714 (holotype, P). Figure 4.

TYPE:

l )oilane

Tree to 15m high, ca. 18 e m diam.; bark gra y , quite rough; t he indument with long, undulate to curly, spreading, rufous hairs; young twigs 6-7 mm diam., at first densely pubescent, finally glabrescent, old ones gray to brown-gra y, ± pubesce nt to glabrous. Stipules densel y pubescent, adnate to the petiole, scars 6-10 111111 long. Leaves membrancous to thinly coriaceous, dark green, slig htl y pubescent , especially along the midrib above, glau - cous, at first densely pubescent, sooner glabrescent beneath, obovate, elliptic to obovate-elliptic, 16 24 X 5-8.5 em; apex short-acuminate, a c umen 5-10 mm long, base cuneate to obtuse; midrib sligh tl y impressed above, nerves obsc ure above, conspicuous below, in 8-13 pairs, reticula lion laxly netted, not prominent on both sides. Petiol e densely pubescent, dilatate toward the base, 1.2 -2.:em lon g. Peduncle pubescent, ca . 1 x 0.5 em, pedicle absent; bracts 2, densel y pubescent outside. Flower bud ovoid; tepals 9-11 , subequal, white to yellowish, the outer 3 fleshy, obovate-oblong, pubescent outside at the base, 2-2.2 X 1.5-1.7 em, the inner tepals 6-8, obovate, glabrous, often abruptl y constric ted near the base, 1.8-2 X 0.9 - 1.6 em; stamens numerous, sparsely pubescent outside, 5.57 mm long, connective appendage triangular, ca.

1 mm long, filaments ca. 1 mm long; gynoccium ovoid, 10-13 mm long, carpels 24 -30, glabrous to pubescent , ovules 2-1 0; scars of perianth and stamens along torus ca. 6 mm long in flowe r. Fruit- ing peduncles 2-4.5 X 0.5 em. Fruit s ovoid to cylindric, 6-7.5 X 1.8-2.5 ern, entirel y connate when young; mature carpels glabrou s or ± pu bescent, dorsal faces 1 -1.6 em long in upper and 2-3 em long in lower carpels, dehiscing along the dorsal suture; scars of perianth and stamens ca. 1.: x 0.5 em. Seed s orange-red, 1 -2 in each car pel. Distribution. China, Laos, and Vietnam. In C IIINA. Guangdong Huashuishan, Zh c ng P. 22; R uyua n, Clzrn /J . L. 80115; Ying-teh District, Tse [/. 695; Huangtung, Yaoshan, Sin S.S . 9966; Lok Chong, Tso C.L 20508; Lung T'au Mountain, near lu, C.C.C. To Kang Prng rs 1217 9; Pan Ling Tsze, Chun lr.l: 5860. Guangxi : Cangwu Xian, Chun S.H. 10140; He Xian, Clz c n LC. 500183. Yunna n: Marlipo, Sze-tai-po, Feng K.M. 13960; Menglun, Chang ll.T. 6342, Si-chour-hsien, Faa-doou, Frng K.M. 11771; Wensha n, Gao T.X. 5; X ichou, 7.hu D. Q. 5.

Hrology. In evergreen broad -leaved September-October.

forest. Altitude: 1,450-2,000 m. Flowering April; fruitin g

1038


)

II em

J

J 3

5

1 em

FIG U RE 4. Manglietia darzdyi (Gagnep.) Dandy.-1. Fruiting branch (Feng 13960, P). -2. Partly deflorated flower.-3. Stamen.-4. Outer petal. -5. Inner petal (Poilane 20714, P). Drawing by Joop Wessendorp, Rijksherbarium, Leiden.

Collector's note. Fruits orange- red, usually yellow-greenish tinged with a little red when mature and becoming brown when dry. Notes. C. Y. Wu & W. T. \Vang (1957) misiden t ified this species as Manglietia rufibarbata non Dandy (1928). The latter s pecies is from Vietnam and has not been recorded for China. Sec also under lt1anglietia moto. The species has some noteworthy characters. ( 1) The base of the lowest carpels is sometimes decurrent along the torus, so a short gynophore seemingly occurs. (2) Sometimes there are three ovules in th e lowest carpels and two above the middle carpels, instead of more than four ovules as normal in Mauglietia. (3) The carpels are from glabrous to hair y throughout the area of its dis-

Volume 80, Number 4


1039

tri bution. The ma t ure fruits as seen in the field often become greenish yellow inst ead of purple as is common in fruits of Magnoliaceae. 4. Manglietia duclouxii Finet & Gagnep., Bull . Soc. Bot. France (Memoires) 4: 33, t. SA. 190S. Magnolia duclouxii (Finet & Gagnep.) Hu in H u & Chun, I con. PI. Sin. 2: 18, t . 68S. 1929. TYPE: Ducloux 2133 (lectotype, selected here, P). Tree of ca. 8 m, young twigs slender, ca. 3 mm diam., glabrous, yellow- brown, gray-black late r. St ipules sparsel y hairy. Leaves t hinly coriaceous to coriaceous, glabrous, dark green above, pale green, glabrous or scattered appressed - pubescc nt with fine, rather short, straight, brown hairs, wi th long colorless hairs along the margin and the midri b beneath, na rrowl y obovate to elliptic, 10.2-16 x 3-4 e m; apex acuminate, base cuneate; ne rves fine in 9-11 pairs; ret icula t ion netted, in conspicuous. Petiole glabrous, lengthwise grooved above, 1-1.2 e m long, with a stipular scar 2-3 mm lon g. Peduncle glabrous, 1.3-1.S X 0.3-0.4 e m, brac t 1, pedicle 2-3 mm long. Tepals 9, usuall y out e r ones larger than inner ones, fleshy, purple or red, obovate to broadl y obovate, 2.8-3.S x 1 .S-2.3 e m; stamens ca. 10 x 2 mm, including 2-3- mm· long connective appendage and 1-mm - long fila - ments; gynoecium ellipsoid, 1.4-l.S x 0.7-0.8 em, carpels 4S-SS, narrowly elliptic, ferrugineous- hairy, ca. 7-8 mm; st yles glabrous, ca . 3-4 mm long; ovules ca . S in each carpel. Fruits ovoid- ellipsoid, ca. 3.S e m long (not seen). Scars of perianth and stamens 7-9 X 3-4 mm. Distr i bution . Vietnam and China . In CHINA . Guangxi: Longgui, Li Y.K. 430. Sichuan : Gu Lin Xian, Qiao H.R . 1114; Gulin, Guli n Yi yao Gongsi 846. Yun- nan: Long k y, Maire E.E. s.n.; Malipo Xian, KUN 76298; Wenshan, Feng K.M . 22369.

Ecolog y. In evergreen forest. Altitud e: 7 001,800 m. Flowering May-J une; fruiting Septe rn· her-October. MangliPtia durlouxii is easil y rccog· nized by its slender twigs, thin, small lea ves, whic h are Note. usually covered with minute, short, a nd rather long hairs beneath, and the pubescent gy noec ium. S. Mangl iet ia ford iana Oliver in Hook ., I con. PI. 10: t. 19S3. 1891. Magnoli a ford iana (Oliver) Hu, J. Arnold Arbor. S: 228. 1924. Ford 90 (holot y pe, K).

TYPE:

C.

Paramanglietia microcarpa Chang, Acta Sci. Nat. Uni v. Sunyatseni (Guangzhou ) 1: 53. 1961. TYPE: 5. K. Lau 4246 (holoty pe, SYS; isot ype, A). Manglietia hainanensis Dand y, J. Bot. 68: 204. 1930. TYPE: Tsang & Fung 656 in llerb. Lingn. Univ. 18190 (holot y pe, BM; isotypes, A, K, MO, N Y ).

Manglietia yu yuanensis Law, Bull. Bot. R es. (China) 5, 3: 125. 1985.

TYPE:

China. Zhejiang: Changhua Xian, alt. 1,000 m, X. Y. Hoo 23326 ( IBSC not seen).

Sa Mangliet ia fordiana var. f ordiana. Tree to 30 m high and 1.S m diam.; young twigs 4-8( -10) mm diam., yellow- brown t o dark brown, usually glabrous, sometimes pubescent onl y along the annular scars of the sti pules. Sti pules usuall y ± pubescent with ferrugineous hairs, adnat e to the base of petiole. Lea ves t hi nl y coriaceous to coria ceous, both sides glabrous or mi nu tely scat· tered-pubescent beneath, narrowly obova te, obovate-elliptic to narrowl y elliptic, 8-16(-20) x 2.S-S.4(-7) em; apex muc ronat e to a cuminat e, base cuneate, sometimes slightl y d ecurre n t in to t he petiole; midrib impressed above, eleva ted a nd glabrous or hair y below, nerves in 8-1 2(-1 7) pai rs, retic ulation coarse, hardl y v isibl e. Pet iole glabrous or pubescent, sulcate on the upper side, 1.4-4.2 e m long, stipular scar gla brous o r pubescent, 2-6 mm long. Peduncles glabrous or fer ru gineous-pu· bescent, 8-13 x 4 mm, pedicles absent o r t o 1 e m long; bracts 1-2. Tepals 9, the out e r 3 slightl y larger tha n the inner ones, the tepals con ca ve, thinl y coriaceous, obovate- elli p tic, greenish outside, hardl y pubescent outsid e a t the base, S.S-7 X 2.S-4 e m, the inner tepals pure w h i te, flesh y, spa t hulate to broadl y obovate, with c uneate to short· clawed base, 4-4.8 X 1.S-2.2 e m; stamens nu·

merous, 9-12 mrn long, connective appenda ge short triangular, ca. 1.8 mm long, filaments glabrous, 1.S-2 mm long; gynoecium ovoid to subglobose, glabrous a nd smooth, 1.3-l.S x 1-1.2 e m, car - pels (1 2-)24-36, st yles glabrous, O.S-1 mm long. Fruits ovoid or sometimes irregula r-shaped because the carpels are partl y aborti ve, 2.S-6 x 2-3.S(- S) e m; fruiting peduncle 1-2.S x 0.4-0.6 em , pedicle 1-S(-9) mm long; ripe carpels sometimes onl y 4-10, torus with scars of perianth and st a mens 1.3-1.7 X 0.4-0.S e m. Seeds flat -ovat e, ellipsoid or irregularly shaped, 6-10 X 4-7 rnm . Distribut ion. Chi na and Vietna m. I n C HI NA. An hu i : Wangshan, Cheng WC. 4030. Fujian : Chung H.H. 2940. G ua ngdong: Loh Fia n mountain, Funk - houser W.L C.C.C. 9082 a; Lok Chong, Tso C.L. 21005; Luh Fau Mountain, M errill E.D. 10904 ; Ru yua n, Chen

1040


B.L. 315; Sunyi Dist., Wang C. 31135; Tsengshing District, Naam K wan Shan, Tsang W T. 20440. Guang- xi : Cangwu Xian, Chun S.H. 10035; He Xian, U }:K. 401535; Lungnan Xian, Lau S.K. 4850; Pingnan, Wang C. 39230. Hainan: Bak Sa, Lau S.K. 25956; Dai Land Dungta, Clwn N.K. & C.L. Tso 43956; Dung Ka to Wen Fa Shi, Chun N.K. & C.L. Tso 43687; Fan ya to Yik Tsok Mau, McClure F. A. C.C.C. 9652; Jianfong, Chang fl.T. 6095. Zhejiang: King Yuan, Ching R .C. 2472. HONG KONG. Tai Mo Shan: Chan K. }: 1033; Ma On Shan, fluS .Y 10169 A. Also in Yunnan, Guizhou, Jiangzi, Hunan.

Ecology . In subtropical evergreen broad- leaved forest; usually the trees grow on granite and sa ndshalc. It was reported that this tree was easily c ultivated and grew fast. It had attained a height of 18 m and a diameter of ca. 23 em after 28 years at Xinyi Xian in Guangdong Province. Al- titude: 5001,300 m. Flowering April -May; fruiting August -October. Uses . Because of the nicely structured and medium - hard wood, the t imber is used for house building, veneer, furniture, and musical instruments. The local people in Guangxi treat dry cough and constipation with the bark. The tree is also cultivated as an ornamental. Collector's note. The bark is brownish gray, smooth; hranchcs are dark gray; leaves arc glossy dark green above and pale green below; the flower buds arc soli tar y, terminal, ovoid, flowers are creamy white, fragrant, anthers red; young fruits are purplish; seed coat is orange. Note. Manglietia hainaner1. is is conspecific with Manglietiafordiana . It differs from the latter only in the length of the pedicle and the texture of the leaves. Although the pedicle usually is absent in 1\langlietia hainanensis, it sometimes occurs and then varies i n length from 0 to 5 mm, occca- sionally to 7-9 mm (I!. Y. Uang (J2608) throughout i ts geographical range. The leaves of Man- glietia hainanensis are genera ll y thinner than those of Manglietia Jordiana. This differeucc is not a reliable charac ter , however, because the leaves of Manglietia j(Jnliana show a cont inuous variation in t ex ture. Thus, there is no charac t er left to distinguish Manglietia hainan('nsis from Manglietia Jordiana . Regarding Manglietia )'ll)'IWfl('flsis, there is no doubt that i t is cons pccific with Man- glietia Jordiana, despite it s glabrous leaves. The d egree of hairiness varies in Manglietia fimlimw, too. 1\langlietia yuyuanens£s represents an ex- treme, glabrous form. Manglietiafordiarw a nd all sy nonyms mentioned above possess a leaf hypodermis with sinuous anticlinal walls and ± subglobose to ovoid sclereids, not known in other species of Manglietia in China. \langlil'tia globo.m and Paramanglietia microcarpa arc easily recognizable as Manglietia fiJrdiana. 5b. Manglietia f ordiana var. calcarea (X. II. Song) B. L. Chen & Nooteboom , stat. nov. Manglietia calcarea X. H. Song, J . Nanjing lnst. Forest. 4: 46. 1984. TYPE: China. Gui- zhou: Mogan, Libo Xian, alt. 670 m, X . II . Song & F. Gao (j ,fO (NF not seen). Tree to 14 m high and 35 em diam.; young twigs 5 -7 mm diarn.; plant entirely glabrous excep t for the stipulcs. Stipules densely pubescent with straight, appresscd, brown hairs, adnate to th e very base of the petiole, scars 4-5 mm long . Leaves coriaceous, rigid, dark green above, obovate-elliptic to narrowly obovatc, 14.5-20 X 3.5-7 em; apex rounded with an acumen 6-1 0(-14) nun long, base a ttenuate-cunea te; midrib impressed a bove, elevated beneath, nerves obscure above, visible to hardly prominent below, in 14- 1 7 pairs. Petiole 2.8-3.8 em long, dilatate toward the base. Pe- duncle 5-8(-20) x 5-6 mm, pedicle 6-8 mm long. Tepals 9, white, the outer 3 obovatc-cHiptic, ca. 6.2 x 2.5 ern, apex rounded, the inner tepals spathulatc, 4.5 - 5.5( -6) em long; stamens many, 1.2 ern long, connective appendage triang ular, ca. 1.8 rnrn long, filaments ca. 2 mm long; gy noecium broadl y ellipsoid, ca. I.6-2 X 1 em, carpels 12 16(-30), ovules ca. 7; torus with the scars of perianth and stamens 8-14 X 5-6 mm. Fruiting peduncle ca. 9-11 X 6 mm. Fruit ovoid to ovoid- globose, ca. 6 X 5 em, ripe carpels ligneous, dorsal face ellip tic, dehiscing along the dorsal venture; scars of perianth and stam ens 1.2 -1.3 X 0.7-0.8 em. Seeds oblon g, 8- 10 X 5-6 mm, 2-5 in each car pel. Distribution. CHINA. Guizhou: Pinfa, Cavalcric ]. 3182; Yunnan-sen District , Ca v a/erie }. 2263.

Hcology. In margin of forest, growing on limestone. Altitude: 600-800 m. Flowering April -Ma y; fruiting August -September.

Us e s. Good timber, beautiful flowers; the tree also cultivated a s an ornamen tal. Note. This variet y is characterized by both twigs and leaves hcing glabrous, the gy nocciuw broadl y ellipsoid, and the carpels narrowly elliptic. 5c. Manglietia fordiuna var. forrcstii ( \V . \V. Smi th ex Dand y ) B. L. Chen & Noot., stat. nov . Manglil'tia fi>rrestii \V . \V . Smith ex Dandy, Notes Hoy. Bot. Card. Edinburgh 16:


126. 1928. TYPE: G. Forrest 26705 A (holotype, E; isot ypes, A, K, NY). .Manglietia globosa Chang, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni (Guangzhou) l: 53. 1961. TYPE: R. C. Chirzg 8394 (holotype, SYS; isotype, NY). Tree to 18m high, 46 em diam.; stipules, young twigs, petiole, peduncles, and outer tepals outside at the base densely brown-pubescen t with short to long, straight, appressed hairs; young twigs browu- ish, 3-6 mm diam., old ones dull brown, gray pubescent with straight to curly hairs; leaves and midrib sca tteredpubescent with short, straight hairs beneath. Stipules adnate to the base of the petiole. Leaves coriaceous, bright green, glabrous above, pale green below, usually obovate, rarely narrowl y obovate, 13-24.5 x 5.49.6 em; apex mucronate to abruptly acuminate, acumen 5-17 mm lon g, base cunea te; nerves fine, in 9-14 pairs; reticu - lation distin ct beneath, fine or coarse. Petiole sul - cate on upper face, dilated toward the base, 1.52.6 em long, st ipular scars 2 -8 mm long. Pedun - cles stout , 1.4-2.6 x 0.4 - l em, pedicles 2-5 mm long. Flowers pure white, fragrant; tepa Is 9( -10), outer 3 thinly coriaceous, obovate to oblong-obovate, brown-pubescen t outside at the base, 6.37 x 3.4-4.8 em , the inner tepals 6, fleshy, spathulate, obovate to ± suhcircular, clawed at the base, 4-5.3 x 2 -3.5 e m; stamens 1-1.5 em long, con nec t ive appendage obtu se, filaments ca. 1 mm lon g; gynoecium ovoid, smooth, 1.2-2.2 x 1 -1.4 em, carpels 26-28, st yles 1 -2 mm long. Fruiting peduncles, 1.7-2.6 x 0.6-1 em, pedicles 2-8 mm long. Fruits ovoid, 4-5.5 x 3.5-5 em, dorsal faces of carpels 1.5-2 em long in the upper to 3.5-4 em long in the lower ca rpels, carpels densely papilliferous, with short beak, dehisci ng along dorsal and ventral suture; torus with sca rs of perianth and stamens 1.3-2.2 x 0.5-0.9 em. Distribution. China and Annam. In CHINA. South- western Guangxi: Chu Fang Shan, 30 LiS W of Shan Fang, Wang C. W. 39301, Ching R.C. 5910. Southern Yunnan: Cangyuan, Li S.P. Mu 199; hills NW of Ten- gyueh, Forrest G. 27300; Nan-Chiao, Wang C.W. 73474; Szemeo, Forrest G. 11988; Pingpien, Feng K..M. 51 93; Si-chourhsien, Ting-mann, 12254.

fJ'cology. In mixed broad -leaved or deciduous forests. Altitude: 540-2,400 m. Flowerin g June; fruiting Septe mber-Oc tober . Collector' s not es. Widel y branched; flowers green-white or pure soft white, fleshy, fragrant, anthers purple; fruits crea m y reddish. Uses. The timbe r is used for doors, windows, and furniture. Note. This variety differs from variety fordiana in you ng twigs, stipules, undersid es of the leaves, petioles, peduncles, and the oute r tepals outside at the base being brown pubescent; the leaves are larger, to 24.5 em long and 9.6 em wide. 5d. Manglietia fordiana var. kwangtungen - sis (Merr.) B. L. Chen & Nooteboom, stat. nov. Manglietia kwangtungen sis (1\fcrr.) Dandy, Kew Bull. 1927: 264. 192 7. ,lfag- nolia kwangtungensis Mer r., J. Arnold Ar- bor. 8:5. 192 7. TYPE: K. P. To, Trr. 7: Tsang & U. K. Tsang 315 in C. C. C. 1231·1 (holot ype; A; iso types, BM, E, MO, SYS, llC). Tree 15 m high; young twigs, stipules, midrib beneath, petiole and peduncles densely pubescent with short to long, straigh t to undulate, rufous hairs; young twigs 4 -5 mm diam. Leaves dark g reen glossy above, pale green, sca ttered appressed-pubescent with short, straight, rufous ha i rs below, coriaceou s, (narrowly) obovate, 14.4 -19 x 3.2 -6.4 em; apex (shortly) ac uminate, base narrowly cuneate to cuneate; nerves fine in 9-13 pairs, reticulation in conspicuou s on both sides. Pet - iole sulcate above, 1.3-2.2 em long, stipular scars 3-5 mm long. Peduncles 2.2-3.1 x 0.4 em, with only one bra c t scar near the base of perianth, pedicle 1-2 mm long. Tepals 9, the outer 3 obovate-

oblong, coria ceou s, greenish with a flush of purple, ± brown hairy outside at base, 4-4.5 x 2 -2.5 em, the inner tepals 6, white, s pathulatc to obovate, short-clawed at base, thick, fleshy, 2.74.5 x 0.9-2.3 em; stamens 0.7- l.S em long, connec tive appendage blunt, ca. l mm long, filaments glabrou s, ca. 1 mm long; gynoecium broadl y ovoid, 1.1-1.5 x 0.9-1.1 e m , carpels 44 -49, styles 1-1.5 mm long, sca rs of perianth and sta - mens along the torus 0.9-1.2 x 0.4 e m. Fruits ovoid to irregularly shaped because partl y abortive, 2.5-3.5 x 2.5 em; fruiting peduncles 3-3.5 x 0.5 em, pedicles ca. 5 mm long; ripe ca rpels 710 mm lon g. Distribution. 617.

C HINA . Guangdong: Ru yuan, Yingde, C.C.C. 12344. Guangxi: Damiaoshan, Cherz TC.

Ecology. In mixed forest. Altitude: 700- 1,000 m. Flowering Ma y -June. Note. Because of its rufous or red-brown indumentum, it is not too difficult to distin guish Man- glietia fordiana var. kwangtungensis from varieties fordiana and forrestii. In addition, variety

1042


kwangtungensis shows smaller flowers and man y more carpels. The collection C.C.C. 12179, c ited under MrLgnolia kwrwgtungensis Merr. (1927), belongs to Manglietia dandyi (Gagnep.) Dand y. 6. Manglietia garrellii Craib, Kew Hull. 1922: 166. 1922. TYPE: Garrell 1 H (holotype, UT; isotypes, RM , K ). Tree to 20 m high and 1.2 m diam. Young twigs, stipules, petioles and peduncles densely brown pubescent with short to long, straigh t to slig htl y undulate hairs. Twigs brown, stout, 5-8 mm diam. Stipules adnate to the pe tioles, sca rs 1.8-2.5 e m long. Leaves densely c oated with minute (even with hand lens hardly visible), brownish hairs beneath, coriaceous, (narrowly) elliptic to obovate, 18-34.5 x 8-12 ern; apex short -acuminate, base cuneate or rounded; nerves in 12-21 pairs, prominently elevated beneath, reticulation prominent on both sides, coarse; petiole 3-5 e m long, thic kened toward the base. Peduncle 1.5-4 em x 6-9 mm, pedicle absent. Flower buds elongate, 6-6.5 x 2.2-2.5 em. Tepals 9, purple or violet-red, thick and succulent, 3 outer ones 6-6.5 x 3 em, 6 inner ones slightly smaller; stamens 1.1 -1.5 em long, connective appenda ge triangular, ca. 3 mm long; gy noecium glabrous, ovoid to narrowly ovoid, ca. 3 x 2 em, carpels 66-88; styles glabrous, 23 mm lon g. Fruit s broadly ovoid -oblong, 4-9 x 3.5 6 e m; dorsal faces of ripe ca rpels 1 -2 em long in upper and 2.5-3.2 em long in lower carpels, short - beaked. Scars of perianth and stamens 10 12 x 9 mm. Seed s ellipsoid, obovoid, and irregularly shaped, 9-14 x 5-8 mm. Distribution.

China (southern Yunnan), Thailand, and

Vietnam.

7 . Manglietia glauca Blume var. sumalrana (Miq.) Dand y, Kew Bull. 1928: 188. 1928. MangliPlia swnalrana 1\liq., Fl. Ned. Ind. Suppl.: 367. 1861. TYPE: Tijsmann 168 ( holot y pe, L; isotype, BO). . llnnglietia pilosn P. Parm., Bull. Sci. France Belgique 27: 21 7, 292. 1895. Jllnn glietin singalanemis Agostini, Atti Com. Accad. Fisiocrit. Siena 9 (7): 22. 1926. TYPE: Beccnri PS 334 (holot ype, FI; isotype, L).

Tree to 26 m high and 80-100 em diam.; bark gray-brown; twigs g reen , 5-6 nun diam .. appressed slrorthair y. Stipules glabrous or with some hairs 011 the apex , adnate to the very base of the petiole. Leaves a ppressed - puberulent, witlr short to long, straight, colorless to brownish hairs, glaucous beneath, thinly coriaceous, obo va te to narrowl y obovate or narrowly elliptic, 10-35 x 3.5-12 em; apex acuminate, acumen 3-15 mm long, base cuneate; nerves in 10-16 pairs, prominent below, reticulations laxly netted, visible on both sides. Petiole covered with the same indumentum as twigs, lengthwise shallowl y grooved, 1.5-3 em long, stipular scars never over 1;;3 of the length of the petiole. Peduncles minutel y pubescent only at the nodes, 1.5-4 e m long, pedicles 2-8 mm long. Flowers white, the outer 3 tepals thinly coriaceous, obovate- elliptic , greenish outside, 5-7.5 x 2-3 em, the inner 6 tepals smaller than the outer ones; stamens numerous, 0.6- 1.3 em long, c onnective appendage very a c ute, ca. 4 mm long, filaments ca. 3 mm long; gynoecium ovoid to orbicular, ca. 15 x 7 mm, carpels 2050. Fruit s ovoid to ovoid-oblong, 3.5-8 x 2.5-5.5 em; the carpels opening ventrally and then dorsally, after staying closed toward the basal side of the dorsal suture. Seeds flat-or - bicular to ellipsoidal, often irregularly shaped, 58 x 4-5 mm. Distribution.

Native of Indonesia (western Sumatra ), cultivated in Guangdong, Guangsi, and Fujien.

Erology. In forest s. Altitude 600-1,300 m (in Indonesia). Flowering February -April; fruiting September-Oct obe r (in China). FsPs. Cultivated as an ornamental tree.

Note. Y. \V. Law in \V. C. Cheng (1983) and L. G. Lin (1985) treated this variety as Mrwglietia glauca Blume. 8. Manglietia grandis Hu & Cheng, A c ta Phytotax. Sin. 1 : 1 58. 1951. TYPE: c. lr'an g 87020 (holotype, PE ). Figure 5.

rr

Tree 12 m hig h and 35 em diam.; plant glabrous e xcept the so metimes puberulent undersides of leaves; young twigs stout, 8-10 mm diam., usuall y covered with a waxy substance, so seemingly gray; stipules adnate to the base of the petioles. Leaves glabrous, glossy above, glau c ou s, glabrous or minutely scattered - puberule nt, ± papilliferous beneath, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, 20-35.5 X 10.5-13 e m; apex acuminate, base cu neate; nerves 1 7-26 pairs, re ticulation visi ble when dr y. Petiole 2.6-4 em lon g, st ipular scars 5-8 mm long. Flower pink. Fruiting peduncle 3-3.4 x 1.3-1.4 em, pedicle absent. Fru it oblong-ovoid, 10- 16 x 6- l 0 e m; ca rpels 97 - 106, 3-4 e m , dehisc ing along the dorsal and th e ventral suture, beak s sharp and slight l y reeurved, 3-4 mm long. Scars of per ia nth and stamens along the torus 1.5 - 1.7 em long.



FIG U RE 5. Manglietia grandis Hu & Cheng.-1. Branch with flower bud.-2. Bud with bracts.-3. Fruit. one follicle enlarged. Based on }:5' 161411 = Chen Bao Liang 86 S 297. Drawing by Xie Qing Jian. Distribution. CH I NA. Southeastern Yunnan: Mar Li Po, Wang C. W 87020. Ecology. Use$.

I n subtropica l forest s, on sandy soil and limestone. A lt itude: 800 1 ,800 m.

Wood

straight-g rained, fine-tex tured , very good for house building and furniture because of its

durability. Note. A fanglietia graTillis diffe rs from oth e r species by it s mu c h lar ge r l eaves, numerous car-

1044


pels, a nd bigge r fruits; the fruits are the largest in Chinese Manglietias so far as we know. \Ve have not seen the mature flowers and therefore cannot desc ribe th em in detail. 9. Manglietia hookeri Cubitt & W. W. Smi th , Record s Bot. Surv. India 4:273. 1913. Mag- nolia hookeri (Cu hitt & W. W. Smith) Ra ju & Nayar, Indian J . Bot. 3, 2: 170. 1980. SYNTYPES: Silum and other stations in the Bha- mo division of Up pe r Burma: Cubitt 302.A, 327 (CAL not seen), Rodgers 31-t (CAL). Tree to 25 m high, 90 e m diam.; young twigs, stipules, petiole, and peduncles covered with an indument of straight, white, silver, to brownish appressed hairs. Twigs brown, stout, (4-)8-12 mrn diam. Stipules adrrate to the base of the petiole. Leaves glabrou s on both sides, coriaceou s, narrowl y obovate (or elliptic), 21 -32 x 6.5-10 em; apex acuminate, base cunea te, ± decurrent along the petiole; nerves in l2-19 pairs, reticulation prominent when dr y. Petiole conspicuously sulcate above, 2-3.5 em long, stipular sc ar obvious, nearly to the base of the blade, usually l.2-2 em long. Peduncles stout, 1.5-3.7 x 0.5-0.7 e m, pedicles 0.7-1.3 e m long. Flowers white, c a . 10 e m diam.; tepals 9-12, the outer 3 thinl y coriaceous, obovate, 7 10 X 3.5-4 em, creamy above the middle, becomi ng g reenish toward the base, the inner tepals 6-9, th ick, flesh y, spathulate to oho vate, 7-8.5 X 3-3.5 em, narrowly a nd short-clawed at base; stamens 1.7-2.2 mm long, connec t ive appendage triangular with a sharp-pointed tip, 1-2 mm long, filaments 3-5 mm long. G ynoeci um ovoid to broad ellipsoid, 1.8-2.3 x 1.3-1.5 em; carpels 50-64, reddish brown when dry, styles bla ck-brown , 4-7 mm long. Scars of fallen perianth and stamens 1.62 X 0.6-0.7 em. Fruiting peduncles 1.7-4 X 0.7-1 em, pedicles 0.9 - 1.5 em long. Fruits ovoid to subglobose, 7 -9.5 x 6-6.5 em; dorsal face of the ripe carpels from 1-1.3 em long in the upper to 2.3-3 em long in the lower carpels, short - beaked, smooth, dehiscing dorsally. Seed s ovate, elliptic- ovoid, elliptic to irregularly shaped, 8-13 x 5-7 rnm. Distribution. China and U pper Burma. In CHINA. Guizhou : Wangmo Xian, Zhang Z.S. 1395. Southwestern Yunnan : Shweli -Salwin divide, Forrest G. ''ang C.W 727 97; Hills 3 15 952; Chen-Kang Hsien, Jf' da ys S ofTengyueh, 24°40'N, 98°30'E, Forrest G. 27364; Jingdong, Li M .K. 3515; Menghai, Li l: IJ. 4068; Tungkwong valley, 25°5' N, Forrest G. 7725; Shuning, Yu T.T. 16559; Tengchong, Li WZ. 8271.

Ecology. In mixed forests. Altitude: 1,0003,000 m. Flowering April -May; fruiting October. Collector's note . The flower bud s green, flow - ers white, purple-white, deep pink flesh y; fruit fol - licles conelike, green or blac k.

10. Manglietia insignis (Wall.) Blume, Fl. Ja- vae: Magno!. 22. 1828. Magnolia irzsigrzis Wall., Tent. Fl. Nepal.: 3, t. 1. 1824. TYPE: 1F'allich 973 (holot ype, K; isotypes, BM, GH). J fa gnolia s hanpaensis Hu, Ac ta Phytotax. Sin. 1: 157. 1951. TYPE: H. T. Tsai 56560, p.p. (holotype, PE; isotype, A).

Manglietia yunnanensis Hu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1: 159. 1951. TYPE: fl. T. Tsai 56560, p.p. (holotype, PE). Manglietia patungensis Hu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1: 335. 1951. TYPE: H. C. Chow 484 (holotype, PE; isotypes, A, E, NY).

"Uanglietia maguanica Chang & B. L. Chen, Acta Sci. Na t. U niv. Sunyatseni (Guangzhou) 1: 109. 1988. TYPE B. L. Chen & Y. H . Su 86 S 053 (holotype, SYS).

Manglietia tenuifolia Chang & B. L. Chen, Acta Sci. Nat. U niv. Sun yatseni (Guangzhou) 1: 110. 1988. TYPE B. L. Chen & Li 86 S 195 (holotype, SYS).

Tree to 25 m high and 50 ern diam.; you ng twigs glabrou s or ferrugineous to yellowish pubescent at the node, u suall y 3-8 mm diam. Stipules glabrous, sometimes pubescent, adnate to the base of the petiole, 19-27 mm long. Leaves thinl y coriaceous to coriaccou s, shirring green above, pale green ,

glabrous to minutely pubescent beneath, narrowly obovate to elliptic, 14.5-26.5(-30) x 4.3-7.8 em; apex acuminate to mucronate, acumen 5-15 mm long; base c uneate, ± attenuate along the petiole; nerves fine, in 10-22 pairs, re- ticulat ion densely netted, prominent orr both surfaces. Petiole sulcate above, 1.7-3.5 em long, stipular scars glabrou s or somet i mes sca ttered-hairy, 4-10( -13) mm long. Peduncles glabrou s to pubescent only near the scar of the fallen bract, 1 1.5 x 0.4 e m, pedicles 3-5 mm long. Flowers fragrant, tepals 9-12, the outer 3 obovate-oblong, 5-7 x 2-2.5 e m, thinl y coriaceou s, brown -greenish, sometimes white-hair y outside at the base, reflexed later , the inner 6-9 white to purple, spathu - late to narrowl y obovate, short-clawed at base, 56.5 x 1.3-2.5 em; stamens 1.3-1.6 e m long, c onnective appendage triangular with a sharply pointed tip, 1-2 mm long, filaments glabrous, 2 5 mm long; gynoecium ovoid to ovoid -cylindric, l.7-2.8 X 1 -1.2 em, carpels 50-86, glabrous, st y les glabrous, 2-4 mm long. Fruiting peduncles 1.2-2.5 x 0.5-1 em , pedicles 0.5-1.1 em long. Fruits ovoid - oblong, sometimes irregularly shaped because part of carpels abortive, 6.5-11 x 3-4 em, the scars of perianth and stamens along the torus 1.4-2 x 0.6-0.7 e m; ripe carpels 0.7 -1.2

Volume 80, Number 4 1993 Chen & Nooteboom Magnoliaceae of China

1045 em long in the upper and 1-2 em long in the lower carpels, dehiscing along the dorsal suture, obviously papilliferous, apex short-beaked. Distribution. Nepal, northeastern India , China, northern Burma, northern Vietnam. In CHINA. Guang- xi: Damiaoshan, Chun S.H. 15857; He Xian, Chen Z .Z. 52125; Lingui, 51153; Longsheng, 51134; Quan Xian, Tsoong C.H. 816 57. Guizhou : Kaili Xian, Qiannan Exped. 2081; In silva frondosa collis ad vic. Yudong, lland.-Mazz. 20 99. Hunan: Xinning Ziyusha n, Li Z.Y 56; Chengbu, Cao T.M. 830703; Yongshun, llunan Exped. 387. Hubei: Patung Hsien, Chow H.C. 484. Sichuan: Jiangjin Xian, Chen S.]. 840092; Kuan·hsien, Liu YS. 1401; Miyi Xian, Wu S.K. 85. Xizang: M t. Kenichunpo, eastern and western Salwin and lrrawa y divide, Rock ].F. 21991; Tsarong, Forrest G. 18964; Shweli.Salwin divide, N of Ho-tou, 26738. Yunnan : K'raikha-Salween divide, Forrest G. 18371; Salween-Me· kong divide, 14402; Shangpa Hsien, Tsai I/ .T. 56 560; Shunning Hila, Wumulung, Yu T.T. 16727; Tengyueh valley 25°N, Forrest G. 8678; Wen shan Hsien, Tsai II.T. 51702; Salwin-Kui chiang divide, 28°24'N, 98°24'E, Forrest G. 20844; Chen-Kang Hsien, Wang C. W. 72322. Ecolog y. In mixed forests, usually growing on yellow loam. Altitude: 600-2,000 m. Flowering MayJune; fruiting August-September. Uses . Wood used for furniture, tree grown as an ornamental because of its beautiful flowers. Collector's notes. Bark gray, smooth; flowers greenish shaded purplish outside, white, ivor y white, yellowwhite to deep purple inside, fleshy, fra grant; leaves green above, pale green below, bruised leaves spicyfragrant; fruit follicles conelike, green when young, orange-green, reddish yellow, red later. Note. lHanglietia insignis is a very wide- sp read species. It therefore displa ys man y varia- tions in shape and size of the leaves as well as size and color of the flowers throughout the area of distribution.

11. Manglietia Iucida B. L. Chen & S. C. Yang, Acta Sci. Nat. U niv. Sunyatseni (Guangzhou) 3: 94. 1988. TYPE: B. L. Chen & C. N Mai 87 T 002 (holotype, SYS). Figure 6. Tree to 18 m high and 65 em diam.; young twigs stout, 8-10 mm diam., grayish, smooth , often longitudinall y wrinkled when dry, glabrous to minutely hairy. Stipules ferrugineous-pubescent, adnate to the base of the petiole, 3-4( -11.5) em long. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous on both sides, with slightl y recurved margins, obovate, approxi- mately three times as long as broad, dark green and glossy above, often pale green below, 2 7-44 x 11-16 e m; apex acuminate, acumen 1 0-2 5 mm long; base cuneate, decurrent with two ridges into the petiole; midrib lengthwise sulca te above, rather elevated below; nerves in 13-19 pairs, curved upward and meeting in an intrama rginal vein; all lesser veins forming a coarse reticulation on rather dull upper faces; petiole glabrous, often conspicuously thickened toward its Lase, 3.6-6 em long, stipular scars 16-45 mm long. Peduncle pubescent as stipules, ca. 1.4 em long and 6 mm thick, pedicle with same indumentum, 5-6 mm long; spathaceous bract only one, rather thick coriaceous, broadly obovate, at the base of pedicle, its outside face pubescent, 83 x 69 mm. Tepals 9(-11), purple, the outer 3 narrowly obovatc, fleshy, 12-14 x 5.8-6 em, the inner 6-8 in two rows, shorter and narrower than the outer tepals. Sta- mens numerous. Gynoecium ovoid , ca. 2. 7 x 1.8 em, carpels 70-80, glabrous, nearly entirel y connate when young. Fruits ovoid-globose, 9.5 X 810 em, torus with sca rs of perianth and stamens ca. 3 x 2 em; fruiting peduncle ca. 4.5 x 1 em, pedicle ca. 2.5 x 1 em, ripe ca rpels ligneous, 2035 x 8-10 mm, abaxial part 10-15 mm long, dehiscing along the dorsal suture at first and later also along the ventral suture. Seeds ca. 3 in each carpel. Distribution.

CHINA: Southeastern Yunnan: Maguan, B. L. Chen & C. N. Mai 87 T 002.

Ecology. In secondar y forest. Altitude: 550670 m. Flowering March-Ma y; fruiting September-October. Note. Manglietia Lucida is apparently most closely allied to Manglietia garrettii and " Han- glietia g randis. It differs from the former b y the obovate leaves, glabrous leaves and petioles, and bigger flowers, and from the latter by the pubescent stipules and peduncles, as well as by its smaller fruits.

12. Manglietia megaphylla Hu & Cheng, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1: 159. 1951. TYPE: China. Yunnan: Faadou, Sichour Hsien, 1,100 m , C. W. Wang 85156 (holotype, PE not seen). Figure 7. Tree to 25 m high a nd 85 e m diam.; buds, young twigs, stipules, petiole, midrib and nerves below, and peduncles densely villous with rather long, undulate to curly, dark brown or rufous hairs; twigs stout, 8-12 mm diam., black -brown. Stipules adnate to the base of the petiole. Leaves thinl y coriaceous, dark green, glabrous above, pale green, scattered-villous with long, undulate to curly, dark brown hairs below, obovate, 23-40 x 9.4-1 7 em; apex acute to abruptly short -acuminate, base cuneate; nerves visible beneath, in 20-22 pairs; reticulation coa rsel y netted, prominent on bot h su r-

1046


FIG U R E 6. .Manglietia Iucida B. L. Chen & S. C. Yang. -l . Fruiting branch.-2. Elract. -3. Outer tepaI.4. Inner tepal.-5. Follicle. Elased on SYS 161496 = Chen Bao Liang 87 T 002. Drawing by Xie Qing J ian.



1 FIG U RE 7. Manglietia megaphylla Hu & Cheng. -l. Branch with flower bud.-2. Fruit.-3. Follicle.-4. Undersurface of leaf. Based on SYS 161435 = Chen Bao Liang 87 T 102. Drawing by Xie Qing Jian.

faces. Petiole usually dilatate toward the base, 1.5-

3.7 em long, stipular scars 0.7-3 em long. Flowers not seen. Fruits ovoid to globose or oblong, ca. 7X 6.5-8.5 em; carpels 57-65, 2.5-3 em long,

9

apex with sharp beak 4-7 mm long, slightly recurved, dehiscing along the dorsal and the ventral suture; fruiting peduncles stout, ca. 1-3 X 1-1.3 em. Pedicle 6 mm.

1048


Distribution. CHINA. Guangxi: Donglin, Chang C.C. 11438. Yunnan: Maguang, Chl'Tl BL GS 9 5 ; Sichour-hsien, Faa Doou, Feng K.M . JJROR.

Ecology. In evergreen broad-leaved forests. Altitude: 800-1,500 m. Flowering April; fruiting September -October. Uses. Wood straight-grained, coarse-textured and durable, moderately light and soft, commonly used for construction work, furniture, and plywood. Collector's note. Fruit pale green, globose. Note. In Manglietia megaphylla the distinguishing characters are the rufous indumentum with dense and long hairs, large leaves, and ovoid to oblong- ovoid fruits. 13. Mangliet ia rn icrotric ha Law, Bull. Bot. Res. (China) 5(3): 125, t. 4. 1985. TYPE: Tibet Complex f..xped . 7·1-18·17 (holotype, PE not seen). Tree to 30-40 m high, 40-60 ern diam.; young twigs stout, 6-10 mm diam. Stipules appressed brown pubescent, adnate to the base of the petiole, scars 6-13 mm long. Leaves coriaceous, green, glabrous above, glaucous beneath, obovate, 1316 X 5 -7 em; apex short-acuminate, base cuneate; nerves in 15-17 pairs, reticulation fine, densely netted, prominent on both sides when dried. Petiole 2 -2.5 em long. Flower not seen. Fruiting peduncle ca. 1.5 em long. Fruit ovoid, ca . 6 em long, the dorsal face of the ripe carpel narrowly ellipsoid, appressed brown pubescent, with a ca. 3-mm-long beak at the apex. Seed s brownish, 1.5 2 em long. Distribution.

CHINA. Xizang (Moyuo).

Ecology. In evergreen broad-leaved forest. Altitiude: 2,000 m. Fruiting September-October. Note . No collection:; of this specie:. were availahle; thus, based on Law's original description, 1Hanglietia microtriclw seems clo:;cly related to

ft1anglietia s::;eclwanica . 14. Mangl ietia motu Dandy, Notes Hoy. Bot. Card. Edinburgh 16: 128. 1928. TYPE: K. P. To, IF. T. Tsang & U.K. Tsang 180 in C. C. C. 12179 (holotype, A; isotypes, MO, SYS, UC). Tree to 20 m high, 60 em diarn.; bud s, young twigs, stipules, petiole, midrib below, bract s and peduncles densely villous with rather long crispy to curly dark brown to rufous hairs; young twigs 4-5 rnm diam. Leaves green, glossy above, scattered - hair y with long, undulate to curly dark brown hairs beneath, glabrescent later, coriaceous, (narrawly) obovate, 11-19 x 5-7 em; apex mucronate to acuminate, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, nerves in 9-19 pairs, reticulation obscure on both sides; petiole lengthwise narrowly sulcate above, 1.5-3. 7 em long, stipular scars narrowly trian - gular, 0.4-1.5( -3) em long. Peduncles 4.3-9 em x 46 mm, pedicle absent. Flowers fragrant; tepals 9, creamy white, the outer 3 coriaceous, oblong to ovate-oblong, ± hairy outside at the base, 3.7 5.7 x 2-2.5 em, the inner 6 thick and fleshy, spathulate to obovate, slightly concave, the inner - most ones usually becoming short-clawed toward the base, 9-12 x 1-1.8 em; stamens numerous, 1.1 -1.4 em long, connective appendage semirounded or sometimes with a short, sharp tip, 11.5 mm long, filament s glabrous, ca. l mm long; gynoecium broadly ovoid, 1.3-1.5 X 1-1.2 em, number of carpels 48-71; styles ca. 2 mm long; scars of the fallen perianth and stamens 9-12 X 4-7 mm. Fruiting peduncles ca. 11 x 0.5-- 0.6 em. Fruits ovoid, 5-7 x 3.5-6 em; carpels papilliferous on the dorsal face, apex with a ca. 2-3- mmlong beak. Seeds ovoid to elliptic, 6-9 x 46 mm, 6-9 in ea ch carpel. Distribution. CHINA. Gua ngdong: Wat Shui Shan, North river region, Chun JV, }: 7353; Yuyuen distr ., Ko S . P. 535 14; also reported form Ruyuan, Yaoshan, Ying- teh, Lokchong, and Huanshuishan. Western, central, and northern Guangxi (He Xian, Cangwu Xi). Southern Hu- nan.

Ecology. In mixed forests. Altitude: 400 -900 m. Flowering May -June; fruiting August - Septem - ber. l Tses . \Vood fine- textured, soft, u sed for general construction work and furniture.

Collertor's note. Bark dull gray, flowers creamy white. Notes. See Dandy ( 1928a). Manglietia moto is a notable species and is easily distinguished by its rufous indument and long peduncles. Manglietia rufibarbata , which was originally collected from Vietnam, has not been recorded in China so far as we know. In our opinion, it closely resembles 1Hanglietia moto in all characters, ex - cept for its stout peduncles and the fruits with rufous hairs. Becau se we have not seen sufficient material of Manglietia rufibarbata, we still main- tain it here. The type was identified a s Magnolia kwangtungensis Merr . by Merrill (1927 a) = Mmzglietia fordiana Oliver var. kwangtzmgensis. 15. Ma nglictia pachyphylla Chang, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyat seni (Guangzhou) 1: 53.


1961. TYPE: P. S. fT'ang & II. II. Chiu 241 ( holotype, SYS). Figure 8. .Manglietia crassi pes Law, Bull. Bot. Res. (China) 2: 133. 1982. TY PE: China. Guangxi: Jinxiu X ian, 1,300 m, Q. li. Lu 4319 (holotype, IBK not seen).

Tree 16 m high and 30 em diam.; bark gray- black; twigs dull black, stout, ca. 1 ern diam., glabrous, covered with a waxy substa nce; s tipules brown-villou s, adnate to very base of the petiole. Leaves coriaceous, thick, rigid when dr y , glabrous, dark glossy green above, pale green, minutel y pubesce nt beneath, (narrowly) obovate o r elliptic, 1332 x 5-10 em; apex blunt, short-acuminate; base cuneate; nerves in 8-14 pairs, faint on both sur - faces, reticulation obscure. Petiole stout, s ulca te above, 3-5 em long, stipular scars 1-7 rmn long. Peduncles minutely pubescent, ca. 1.7 -2 X 0.7 em, pedicle ca. 4 mm long; bract only one, broadl y ovate, coriaceous, glabrous, ca. 4.8 x 7 em. Flow- ers fragrant, tepals 9, white, the outer 3 oblong, coriaceous, 5.5-8 x 3.2-3.5 ern, the inner 6 obovate or broadly ohovate, attenuate toward the base, convex, thick and fleshy, 3.2-4.3 x 2.5-3 em, the innermost tepals usuall y short-cla wed ba- sall y; stamens 0.7 1.2 ern long, con nective appendage with rounded apex, ca. 1 mrn long, filaments glabrous, ca. 1 mm long; gynoecium ovoid, ca. 2.2 x 1.8 em; styles glabrous, ca. 1 mm long; the torus with sca rs of pe rianth and stamens ca. 1.5 x 0.7 em. Fruiting peduncles 3-5.5 x 1 1.2 em. Fruits ellipsoid, 5-7 x 4.5 em; ripe carpels 38-46, ca. 1.5-2.5 mm long, short-Lea ked. 5eed s 3-4 in each carpels, flat globose, 5-6 nun diam. Distribution. CHINA. Guangdong: Conghus Xian, Guang 242; Tsung-h wa District, Sam Kok Shan, Wartg P.S. & Chiu, H.S. 241, Tsang lf".T. 251 75. Guizhou : Anlong Xian, Huangshan Exped. 3049. Also reported from Guangxi (Dayaoshan and Jinxiu Shan).

Ecology. In evergreen broad-leaved forests. Altitude: 800-1,500 m. Flowering May; fruiting August -September. Uses . The timber is used for general construction work, furniture and plywood; the tree is grown also as an ornamental plant because of its handsome crown. Notes. The type specimen of Manglietia crassipes has not been seen. However, according to the published description and the collections examined, it is clear that Manglietia crassipes is conspecific with Manglietia pachyphylla . 16. Manglietia szechuanica Hu, Bull. Fan. Mem. Inst. Bioi. (Peiping) 10: 117. 1940. TYPE:

T. T. Yu 31 OS (holotype, PE; isotypc,

A).

Tree 15 m high and 30 ern diam.; young twigs green, 4-5 mm diam., at first yellowish v illous, soon glabrescent or only hair y at the nodes; stipules pubescent, adnate to the base of the petiole. Leaves glabrous above, pale green, appressed-puhescent with short, straight, brown hairs on the surface and with rather long, straight, colorless to yellowish hairs along midrib and margins beneath , coriaceous, narrowl y obovate, 13-20 X 4-7.3 em; apex mucronate to acuminate, acumen 15-1 7 mm long; base narrowl y cuneate to cuneate; midrib impressed above, elevated below, white villous with brown pigment, nerves fine in 8-19 pai rs, reticula tion coarse . Petiole white villous or later glabrescent, 1.5-2.5 em long, stipular scars 9-11 nnn long. Peduncles villous, glabrescent, 1-1.6 x 0.4 0.5 ern, pedicles 3-4 rnrn long. Flowers white; tepals 9, the outer 3 ovate-oblong, greenish with a flush of purple, sparsel y villous, 4-5.5 x 2-2.8 em. the inner 6 oblong to obovate, short-clawed at base, 4.5-6 x 1.5-3 em; stamen s 1.2-2 em long, connective appendage triangula r; gynoecium ovoid- ellipsoid, l.7-2.5 x 1.5-3 em, carpels 42-58, the lower narrowly ellipsoid, yellowish pubescent, 8-10 rnm long. Styles glabrous, 4-6 rrnn long. Scars of perianth and stamens 7-10 x 5 mrn. Distribution. CHINA. Northern Yunnan : Sui- jiang, Surt B ., S. 341. Southern and central Sichuan: Omei Xian, Chow H.C. 11944; Pingshan, Yu T.T. 3105.

Hcology. Altitude: 1 ,400-1,800 m. f:ollf'Ctor's note. Flowers pink or purple-red, sce nted. Bark g rayish brown, smooth; leaves dark green above, yellowish brown with long hairs beneath. 17. Manglietia ventii Tiep, Feddes Repert. 91, 9-10:560. 1980. TYPE: China. Yunnan: Dinhian Hsien, alt. 880 rn, 9 Aug. 1953, P. I. .\tao 2842 (LE not seen). TrPP to 30 m high. Young twigs 2-3.5 mm diam., black-gray, densely appressed-tomentellous with short, straight, glistening, yellowish hairs, old ones± gray-pubescent to glabrescent. Stipules yellowish appressed-tomentellous, adnate to the base of the petiole, scars 1 -2 e m long. Leaves usuall y crowded at the end of the twigs, c harta ceous to thinly coriaceous, elliptic, broadly elliptic, obovate- ellip tic to obovate, sometimes unequal; glabrous above, appressed-tomentose with short, straight, glistening, yellowish to silver hairs beneath, 9-18

Annals of the

1050


4cm 2cm 4 FIG URE B. .MangliPtia pachyphylla Chang.-- 1. Branch with flower bud.-2. Fruit. -3. Follicle.-4. Open follicle with seeds. Based on Sl:S I 21334, Anonymous 241 . Drawing by Xie Qing Jian . X 2.2-6.5 e m; apex s hort-acuminate to acuminate, acumen 3-1 7 mrn long, base ctmeate to obtuse; midrib impressed above, elevated below, densely pubescent to glabrescent. nerves fine, in

12-16 pairs, obsc ure above, visible beneath, reticulation lax, faint on both sides. Pe t iole slender, tomentellous, with same hairs as the young twigs, glaLrescent, 2.6 -3 em long. Flower not see n. Fruit -


ing peduncle yellowish appressed-tomentose, 1-1.5 x 0.4-0.6 em, with a bract scar, pedicle absent. Fruit ovoid to long-globose, 3.5-7 x 2.5-4.5 em; ripe carpels ca. 64, long-ovoid, the lowest carpels decurrent along the torus, ± yellowish pubescent, especially toward the base of the lowest carpels, beak rather long, erect or recurved, dehiscing along the dorsal suture, 2-2.2 em long; torus with 6-9 x 7 mm scars of perianth and stamens; scars of the fallen tepals ca. 10. Seeds subcordate to ovoid, ± impressed, 1-3 in each carpel, 7-7.5 x 5-6 mm. Distribution. 61619.

Ecology.

China and Vietnam . In CHINA. Southeastern Yunnan : Ping-pien Hsien, Tsai H.T

Altitude: 880 m.

11-2. Manglietia section Manglietiastrum (Law) Nooteboom, Manglietiastrum Law, Acta Ph ytotax. Sin. 11: 72, t. 2. 1979. Magnolia sect. Manglietiastrum (Law) Noot., Blumea 31: 91. 1985. TYPE SPECIES: M anglietias l rum sinicum Law. Stipules free from petiole. Young leaves spreading in bud. Gynophore present. 18. Manglietia sinica (Law) B. L. Chen & Noo- teboom, comb. nov. Manglietiastrum sinicum Law, Acta Ph ytotax. Sin. 17: 73, t. 2, 3. 1979. Magnolia sinica (Law Yuh-wu) Noot., Blumea 31, 1: 91, photo. 3. 1985. TYPE: China. Yunnan: Xichou, 1,550 m, Law & Wang 6-75 (IBSC, v. spont.). Tree to 40 m high and 1.2 m diam.; bark gray, longitudinally fine-fissured; trunk somewhat buttressed at the base; plant entirely glabrous; twigs dark green when young, faint brown when old; stipules free from the petiole. Leaves coriaceous, dark shining green above, pale green beneath, narrowly obovate, 15-26(-30) X 5-8(-9.5) em; apex short-acuminate, with ca. 5-mm-long acute tip, base cuneate; margin slightl y revolute; nerves in 13-16 pairs, reticulation coarse, prominent on both surfaces when dry. Petiole smooth above, slightly thickened at base, 1.5-2 em long. Tepals 9, 3-merous, in 3 whorls; stamens ca. 65, connective appendage long-pointed; carpels 13-16. Fruits green at first, slightly flushed, obscure brown when dry, ovate, oblong-ovoid to obovoid, 5-8.5 x 3.56.5 em; carpels thick woody, narrowly oblong- elliptic to obovoid-elliptic, 2.5-4 X 1.5-2.5 em, opening along the ventral suture and splitting at th e apex, dorsal faces conspicuousl y lenticellate; gynophore ca. 1 x 1.3 e m. Seeds 1-3 in each carpel, elliptic, compressed laterally, 1 -1.3 e m wide, ca. 7 mm thick. Distribution .

CH INA . Southeastern Yunnan: Xichou, Chen B.L. 87 F 180.

Ecology. In evergreen broad-leaved rai nfor- est. Altitude: 1 ,300-1 ,500 m. Flowering April; fruiting September-October. Note. Manglietia sinica, a magnificent tree, is confined to a small area in southeastern Yunnan. One of the authors has in vestigated it several times in the field. The species possesses the chief diagnostic characters of Manglietia , e.g., habit of tree, the terminal flowers with 9 tepals, and more than 2 ovules in each carpel. Therefore, we prefer to include it in Manglietia. On the other hanad , there occur some remarkable c haracters in this species, such as the petioles without stipular scars and the gynoecium with a short gynophore. These features easil y distinguish it from the other species in this genus and warrant its status as a section. The sections in Magnolia are based on the same kind of characters. III. Kmeria (Pierre) Dandy, Kew Bull . 1927: 262. 1927. Magnolia subg. Krneria Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1: sub t. l. 1880. TYPE SPECIES: Kmeria duperreana (Pierre) Dand y.

Tree. Stipules adnate to the petiole. Flowers terminal, solitary, unisexual; tepals 6-7, 3- merous,

subequal; anthers dehiscing introrsel y, the connective produced into a short or moderat el y elongated appendage. Gynoecium sessile. Carpels compara- tively few, concrescent. Ovules 2. Fruiting carpels woody, separating on dehiscence, dehiscing completely along th e ventral suture and partly along th e dorsal suture, thus finally becoming bifid. Seeds 1-2 in each carpel. Distribution. china.

Two species, southern China to Indo-

Note. This genus is closely related to Mag- nolia. It could also be treated as a section close to section Gwillimia. In China the onl y species that occurs is Kmeria se pt entrionalis. 1. Kmeria septentrionalis Dandy, J. Bot. 69: 233. 1931. TYPE: R. C. Ching 5247 (holotype, BM; isotypes, NY, PE). Tree to 18 m high; bark gray; twigs green, ± glaucescent when dry, appressed short pubescent. Stipules glabrous or sparsel y pubescent, adnat e to rather high on the petiol e, stipular scars nea rl y to


1052

its apex. Leaves coriaceous, bright green, glabrous above, greenish, glabrous or sparsely pubescent toward the hase when young beneath, eHiptic-ob- ong or obovate-ohlong, 8-1 5 X .5-6 em; apex retuse, base broady cuneate; midrib prominent below, nerves visible on both sides, in 12-17 pairs, reticulation prominent on both surfaces when dry. Petiole slender, pubescent to glabrescen t, 2-3.5 ern long. Brach y blast glabrous, 1.5 em long. Flower hud (the male flower} subglobose; tepals 6; stamens l -1.5 e m long, connec ti ve appendage triangular, l -2.5 mm long. Distribution. CHINA. Northern and central Guangxi : Huanjiang, Pang C.f: 28; southeastern Lu- chen, Ching R.C. 52 /17. Yunnan: Huang Jingin, 1\t ar Li Po, Wang C. W. (- Liu 83157; 1\taguan, Clz('fz JJ.L. 87 F 173.

f:cology. In evergreen forest. Altitude: 300500 m. Flowering May -June. Collector'$ 1wtc$. Tree with a brge dense c rown; hark g ra y; lea ves evergreen; flowers white, fragrant. Note . This species is closdy related to K. du pnreana (Pierre} Dandy. Recently, a new record of K. duperrcana in Libo of Guizhon was reported, but we have not seen a collection from that loca ity. TRIUE MICHELI EAE

IV. Michelia L., Sp. Pl.: 536. 1753. Champa('(] Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 365, 537. 1 763. Sampacca 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 6. 1891. TYPE SPECIES: Mi(' hP/ia r /zampara L. Liriopsis Spach, Hist. Natur. Veget., Phanerog. 7: 460. 1839, non Liriopsis Reichenb. (1828). TYPE SPE· CIES: Liriopsis fuscata ( Andr .) Spach. Paramichelia H. H. Hu, Sunya tsenia 4: 142. 1940. TYPE SPECI E..'>: Pnrnmiclzelia baillonii (Pierre) Bu. Tsoongiodendron W. Y. Chun, Acta Ph ytotax. Sin. 8: 7. 1963. TYPE SPECI ES: Tsoongiodendron odorum Chun. Trees or shrubs. Stipules adnate to or free from the petiole. Flowers bisexual, on short hrachyblast s in the axils of the leaves, growth rnonopodial. Te- pals 6-21, 3-6-merous, subequal or rarely th e outer whorl different. Anthers latrorse or subla - trorse (to introrse}, connective produced into a short or elongated appendage. G y noecium stipitate; carpels many to few (rarely 1 ), free or connate; ovules 2 to many; follicles free, ± spaced along the torus, dehiscing along the dorsa l suture, finall y becoming 2-valved, or concrescent, forming a fleshy sy ncarp, tarday and irregularly dehiscent, or a woody syncarp, the upper part s of the carpels falling away while also dehiscing along the dorsal suture, the basal parts remaining attached to the torus with their suspended seed s. Distribution. About 40 species, in Southeast Asia from India and Sri Lanka eastward to southwestern and southeastern China, northeastward to southern Japan and southeastward into Indonesia (not in Sulawesi and New Guinea).

KEY

TO

THE SECrJONS

OF l\lir.IIEI.IA

l. Tepals very dissi milar, those of the outer whorl much shorter and narrower those of the inner whorls; fruit apocarpous; stipules free from petiole. . IV-2. Michelia sect. Anisochlamys l. Tepals of the outer whorl sometimes smaller and thinner than those of the inner whorls, but not very dissimilar; fruits apocarpous or syncarpous; stipules free from or adnate to petiole. ..... ................. . .................... 2 2(1). Fruits syncarpous; stipules adnate to petiole. 3 2. Fruits apocarpous; stipules free from or adnate to petiole. 4 3(2). Tepals 9; fruits 13-16 em. .. IV-5. Michelia sect. Tsoongiodmdron 3. Tepals 12; fruits 3-9 em.. IV-6. Michelin sec t. Paramichelia 4(2). Tepals 6, or occasionally 4, 2-merous; stipules free from petiole. ....................................................... ....................................... IV-3. Michelia sect. 1hrhla mys 4. Tepals 6-21, 3-6-merous; stipules free from or adnate to petiole. ..... . ................. 5 5(4). Petioles not exceeding 10 mm, stipules adnate to it; shrubs or small trees. ......................... . ... .. ....... IV-4. .Miclzelia sect. Michl'liopsis 5. Petioles longer than 10 mm, stipules free or

adnate.

IV-1. Miclzl'lin sect. Michelia

KEY TO THE SPECIES or Mu:HEUA (primarily based on floral characters) 1. 1. 2(1). 2. 3(2). 3. 4(3). 4.

5(3).

5. 6(2).

Tepals 6 or 7. .............................................................. ......... 2 Tepals 8-20. ................................................................................ 10 Petiole 2-10 rnm . ...................................................................... 3 Petiole 10-45 mm. .................................................................. 6 Gynoecium longer than androecium. .................... 4 Gynoecium shorter than androecium, often entirely hidden. ....... ... ... . ....... 5 Petiole 5-10 mm long, stipular scars nearly to its apex; tepals 22-35 mm long; gynophore 5-8 mm long; gynoecium ovoid to oblong. Alichelin yu nnanensis Petiole 3-5 mm long, stipular scars to half way; tepals 15-25 nun long; gynophore 13 mm long; gynoecium cylindric. ............................................... 32a. Mi clzelia figo var. figo Stipules adnate to petiole; petiole 2 -4 mm; flower urple o_r re; stamens 10 mm long; gynoec1um cylmdnc. ........................................................ ........ 32b. Michelia figo var. rra ssipes Stipules free; petiole 10 mm; flower white; stamens 11-15 rnm long; gynoecium ellipsoid. 26. Michelin angustioblonga Leaves glabrous. .................................................................. 7

.. 33.


Chen & Nooteboom Magnoliaceae of China 1053 6. 7(6). Leaves hairy beneath at least when young. Base of leaf broadly cuneate or attenuate- cuneate, nerves in 7-17 pairs; bra chyblast pubescent, 7-15 x 3-9 mm; gynophore and carpels glabrous; twigs and stipules pubescent; scars of perianth and stamens along torus under fruit 6-8 mm long. . 8

15. outer tepals small, nearly linear, ca. 1 mm broad; gynophore under fruit 2-3 mm long. 25. Mir helia hypolampra Twigs hairy a t least when young; stipules pubescent or tomentellous; midrib of leaf not prominent above; tepals subsimilar , outer tepals obovate or spathulate; gynophore

7.

. 30. 1Hichelia martinii Base of leaf cuneate or rounded, nerves in 9-12 pairs; brachyblast tomentellous or puberulous, 3-11 x 2-4 mm; gynophore and carpels silver gray tomentellous; twigs tounder fruit 10-17 mm long. 16 16(15). G ynoecium gla brous, cylindric, 10-12 rnm long; stipules tomentellous; reticulation d is- tinct; petiole dilated at ba se; filaments 2.53 mm long. ... ............................. 5. J1irltf'lia roriarea

mentellous; stipules glabrous, puberulous, or tomentellous; scars of perianth and stamens along torus under fruit 4-5 mm long. ......................................................... 28. Mic helia cha pensis

16. Gynoecium hairy, ovoid, 4-6 mm long; stipules pubescent; reticulation of leaf rather obscure; petiole not dilated at base; filaments 1 mm long. ..... 4. A1irhelia rompressa

8(6). Leaves 1.5-2.5 em broad; shrub to 4 m

1 7(11 ). Outer tepals 1-3 em long.

....................................

18

high; leaf apex obtuse; outer tepals spathu-

17. Outer tepals 3.1 -9 em long. ..............

8.

20

late, 18-20 x 4-5 mm; gynoecium hidden by the stamens; gynophore 3-4 mm long. .......................................... 26. Mic helia angu stioblonga Leaves 2.8-16.5 em broad; tree to 15-18 m high; leaf apex short-acuminate, acuminate, or acute; outer tepals obovate, oblong, or elliptic; gynoecium ovoid or cylin-

18(17). Pedicle present; leaves 5-1 0( -16.5) x 34( -7) em, reticulation distinct; brachyblast sil ver or brown tomentellous, 6-10 mrn long; connective appendage linguiform, 24 mm long; filaments 1.5-2 mm long; gynophore under fruit 5-8 mrn long. ............... . ....................................................... 19. J1ichf'lia m ediocris 9(8).

dric; gynophore 5-10 mm long. ............... 9 Pedicle present; twigs appressed tomentellous; stipules glabrous or tomentellous; lea ves 2.8-4.5 em broad, reticulation rather obscure; petiole not dilated at base; gynoecium cylindric. .............. 29. Miclteli a levf'illf'arw

18. Pedicle absent; leaves 4-26 x 1.5-12.5 em, reticulation rather obscure; brachy blast 3-6 or 13-25 mm long; connective appendage triangular, 0.5-1 mm long; fila - ments 1-6 mm long; gynophore under fruit 1 0-30 mm long. 19

9. 10(1). 10. Pedicle absent; twigs pubescent; stipules pubescent; leaves 4.5- 10( -16.5) em broad, reticulation distinct; petiole dilated at base; gynoecium ovoid. ............ 27. Mirhelia balartSCif' Stipules free. .......................................... 11 Stipules adnate to petiole. .............................................. 25

19(18). Gynophore 12-15 mm long; twigs tomentose; stipules silk y; brachyblast 13-25 mm long; outer tepals 16-24 rnm broad; stamens 17-20 mm long, filaments 4- 6 nnn long; gynoecium cylindric, 1 7-20 rrnn high; num ber of ovules per carpel 1 0; follicles

11(10). Leaves glabrous. .................................................................... 12 hairy. .....

.... ........ 10. J1ichf'lia fm• f'olata

11. Leaves hairy beneath at lea st when young.

17

19. Gynophore 2 -6 mm long; twigs puberulous;

12(11 ). Brachyblast 10-40 rnrn long; outer tepa Is 5-8 em long; stamens 13-25 rnm long. ....... 13 stipules pubescent; brachyblast 3-6 rnrn long; outer tepals 3-10 mm broad; tamens

12. Brachy bla st 2.5-6 mm long; outer tepals 1-3 em long; stamens 2.5-10 mm long.

1S

2.5-7 mm long, filaments 1 mm long; gynoecium ovoid, 4-6 mm high; number of 13(12). Leaves glaucous beneath, nerves in 12 -14 pairs; stipules silky; petiole hairy; outer tepals 35 mm broad; gynoecium golden puberulous, ca. 20 mm long. .................................... 13. J1irhf'lia ingrata ovules per car pel 2-8; follicles glabrous. .................................................. 4. Jfichelia comprf's sa 20(17). Leaves glaucous beneath; twigs villous, 57 mm diam.; stamens 17 -22 mrn long, filaments 4-6 mmm; gynoecium golden p u-

13. Leaves not glaucous beneath; stipules glabrous or pubescent; petiole glabrous; outer tepals 15-40 mm broad; gynoecium gla-

20. berulent. ...... 13. J1irhf'lia i ngrata Leaves not glaucous beneath; twigs pubescent, tomentose, or tomentellous. 21 brous.

14

21(20). Gynophore 10 - 1 5 mm long; stipulesilky.

22

14(13). Plant entirely glabrous; reticulation of leaf densely netted, nerves in 7-12 pairs; inner tepals 4.5-5 em long; gynoecium 10 -13 mm high; sca rs of perianth and stamens along torus under fruit 5-6 mm long. .........

18. J 1irhelia maudiae 21. 22(21). G ynophore 2-5 mm long; stipules pubescent or tomentellous. ........................................................ 23 Filaments 3 mm long; twigs glabrous or pubescent; leaves minutely scattered hairy beneath, reticula tion dist inct, laxl y netted; gynoecium 3-6 mm high; fruiting brachy-

14. Plant hairy at least in innovations; stip ules pubescent; reticulation laxly nett ed, nerves in 9-20 pairs; inner tepals 5.5-7 em long; gynoecium 17-20 mm high; scars of perianth and stamens along torus under fruit 20-22 mm long. ......................... 15. "Hir helia lacf'i

22. blasts 5-7 em long; follicles glabrous. 17. .Hirltf'lia ma sticata Filaments 4-6 mm long; twigs tomentose; young leaves tomentose beneath, reticula - tion rather obscure, densely netted; gynoecium 17-20 mm high; fruiting brachyblasts

15(12). Twigs glabrous, 1- 2 mm diam.; stipules puberulous; midrib of leaf prominent above, at least toward base; tepals very dissimila r, 23(21). 1.5-3 em long; follicles hairy . 10. Jfirhelia fov f'olata Leaves 6.5-14 x 4-6.5 em; connective


1054

23.

appendage linguiform; twigs and stipules tomentellous; tepals 9-12, outer tepals 3545 x 10-15 mm; gynoecium cylindric.

.. ........... 16. Michelia macclurei Leaves (l0-)12-20(-24) X 3.5-7 or 1825 x 4-7.5 em; connective appendage triangular; twigs pubescent or tomentose; stipules pubescent; tepals 912 or 13-1 7, triangular, 0.5-3 mm; twigs pubescent or tomentose; young leaves densely or sparsely pubescent beneath, reticulation rather obscure; gynoecium 9-14 mm or 3-5 mm high; fruiting brachyblasts 2-4 mm thick. 31 31(30). Gynoecium ovoid to oblong, 3-5 mm high; petiole 3-5 mm long. ...........................

............................_...

33. Michelin yunnnnensis

outer tepals 32-36 x 10-12 or 45-70 x 20-25 mm; gynoecium ellipsoid. -·········

24

31. Gynoecium cylindric, 9-14 mm high; petiole 9-25 mm long. ..... 9. Mic helin jloribunda

24(23). Pairs of lateral nerves 11 -15; twigs pu 32(27). Outer tepals 4-6. .................................................................... 33 bescent, 2-3 mm diam.; leaves finely ap-

32. Outer tepals 3. ............................................................................ 34 pressed pubescent beneath, base cuneate or broadly cuneate; tepals 9-12, 45-70 x 20-25 mm; filaments 2-3 mm long; scars of perianth and stamens along torus under fruit 5-10 mm long. .... 2. Michelia cavaleriei

33(32). Stipular scars 3-5 mm long; leaves elliptic or narrowly elliptic, reticulation rather obscure; brachyblast stout; gynoecium 9-15 mm high; gynophore 6-7 mm long. ............... ................................................................ 22. Michelin velutina 24. Pairs of lateral nerves 16-18; twigs tomentose, ca. 4 mm diam.; young leaves densely appressed tomentellous beneath, base rounded; tepals 13-1 7, the outer ones 32 -45 x 10-1 2 mm; filaments 4 mm long; 33. Stipular scars 17 -28 mm long; leaves ovate or narrowly ovate, reticulation distinct; brachyblast slender; gynoecium 7-12 mm high; gynophore 3-5 mm long. ...........................

.............................................................. 3. .Michelia champaca scars of perianth and stamens along torus

34(32). Stipular scars 1 -5 mm long. ...................................... 35 under fruit 12 -14 mm long. ....................

34. Stipular scars 6-20 mm long. ................................... 36

..................................................... 1. Michelin nenen 25(10). Stamens 20-39 mm long. .............................. 26 35(34). Tepals 9-12; connective appendage ca. 0.5 mm long; s tipules pubescent; fruiting

25. Stamens 5-15 mm long. ................................................. 27 brachyblasts 11 mm long and 8 mm thick;

26(25). Brachyblast 20-22 mm long; tree to 15 m high; twigs in innovations 8-12 mm thick; petiole dilated at base; stipular scars 7 -10 mm long; brachyblast 1 0-12 mm thick; petiole absent; stamens 33-39 mm long , filaments 7 -8 mm long; gynoecium shorter than androecium, often entirely hidden, 24 35. fruits 13.5-15.5 em long; gynophore under fruit 20-25 mm long... 23. Michelin wilsonii Tepals 12 -15; connect ive appendage 1 -3 mm; stipules tomentellous; fruiting brachyblasts 5-8 mm long and 3-4 nun thick; fruits 2.5-6 em long; gynophore under fruit 10-15 mm long. ............ 9. Michelia jloribunda

26. mm high; gynophore 6 mm long. .............

....................................................... 12. Micheliaful va Brachybla st 30-35 mm long; treelet to 56 m high; twigs in innovations 2-3 mm thick; petiole not dilated at base; stipular 36(34). Tepals 9, 1 5-20 x 5-7.5 mm; stamens 7.5-8.5 mm, connective appendage 0.5 mm; gynoecium ovoid, 3-4 mm, carpels 1 0-12; stipular scars 6-18 mm. . .............. ........ 34. Michelia odora scars 3-4 mm long; brachyblast 5-6 mm thick; petiole present; stamens 20-24 mm long, filaments 2-4 mm long; gynoecium longer than androecium, 15 mm high; gynophore 30 mm long. ............ .......................

36. Tepals 9-20, 19-50 x 6- 23 mm; connective appendage 1 -4 mm long; gynoecium ovoid or more often cylindric; car pels often more than 12; stipular scars 2-20 Inin. .........................................................................................................

37

....................................................... 7. Michelin elliptilimba 28 27(25). Outer tepals 10-30 mm broad. . 37(36). Stipular scars 14-20 mm; gynoecium 610 mm; tepals 9-15, 22-35 mm x 7-13 27. Outer tepals 2.5-10 mm broad. .

32

mm; connective appendage 2 -4 mm. ...........

28(27). Pedicle present . ..-....................................._..-...-..................... 29 ....................... 14. Michelin kisopa 28. Pedicle absent. ...................... .. .. .. ........................................ 30

37. Stipular scars 2 -4 mm; gynoecium 9-14

29(28). Petiole hair y, 2.5-3 em; sti pular scars 15 mm long, leaf base cuneate, reticulation rather obscure; outer tepals 3; gynophore 4 mm long. .................... 20. .Michelia microtri('ha or 6-9 mm; tepals 12 -20, 12 -20 x 1935 mm; connective appendage 1 -3 mm.

38

38(37). Tepals 6-23 mm broad; gynoecium 9-14 mm; connective appendage 1-3 mm; stip29. Petiole 0.8-2.5 em, glabrous; stipular scars 2-6 mm long; leaf base broadly cuneate or rounded; reticulation distinct; outer tepals 4 or 5, gynophore 5-12 mm long. .............

............................................................. ... 6. Michelin doltsopn 38. ular scars 2-14 mm. .. 9. Michelin jloribunda Tepals 2.5-7 mm broad; gynoecium 6-9 mm; connective appendage 1 -2 mm; stipular scars 6-10 mm. . 35. Michelin bnillonii

30(28). Connective appendage 2-4 mm long, narrowly triangular or linguiform; twigs sparsely minutely puberulous or tomentellous; KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MICIIEUA

(primarily based on fruit characters)

30. leaves minutely appressed pubescent beneath, reticulation distinct; gynoecium 610 mm high; fruiting brachyblasts 5 nun thick . .................................................. 14. Michelin kisopn Connective appendage very short to long

l.

Fruits with connate carpels, when mature the apical parts of the carpels falling, dehiscing along the dorsa l suture or not, the basa l parts remaining adnate to the torus, or apical parts falling in irregular masses. 2

Volume 80, Number 4 1993 Chen & Nooteboom Magnoliaceae of China 1055 l.

Fruits consisting of free carpels, which dehisce along the dorsal suture, main nerve of ten persistent. .........................................................................

3

tomentellous; stipules tomentellous; reticulation distinct; petiole glabrous.

................................................................... 6. Michelia doltsopa 2(1). Reticulation densely netted; fruits 3-9 em 13(10). Fruiting brachyblasts 2-4 mm thick. .....

14

long and 2.5-4.5 em broad. ................................ 13. Fruiting brachyblasts 5-12 mm thick.

2.

15

35. .Michelia baillonii Reticulation laxly netted; fruits 13-16 em long and 7-9 em broad. .. 34. Michelia odora 14( 13). Shrub or small tree 6-12 m; petiole 5-10 mm; stipular scar 3-7 mm; nerves in 7-9 pairs. ................................... 33. Miclzelia yunnanensis

3(1).

3. 4(3). Stipules adnate to the pet iole. .......................... Stipules free. ...................................... . Stipular scars 11-28 mm long. ........................

4 17 5

14. Tree to 28m high; petiole 9-25 mm; stip· ular scar 2-14 mm; nerves in 8-14 pairs. ............................................................. 9. .Miclzelia jloribunda

4. 5(4). Stipular scars 1- 10 mm long. ...... 8 Pedicle present, at least 3 mm long; leaves elliptic or narrowly obovate, reticulation rather obscure; twigs tomentellous. . ...................................................... 20. Michelia microtricha 15(13). Young twigs 8-12 mm thick; stipu les hispid; reticulation of leaf distinct; stipular scars 7-10 mm long; scars of perianth and sta· mens along torus under fruit 10 mm long. .................................................................... 12. .Michelia Julva

5. 6(5). Pedicle absent or very short. 6 Leaves minutely appressed pubescent, glabrescent beneath; twigs puberulous or tomentellous; fruiting brachyblasts 7 x 5 mm; follicles 8-14 x 7-10 mm . .......... 15.

Young twigs 1-3 mm thick; stipules pu· bescent; reticulation rather obscure; stip· ular scars 1-5 mm long; scars of perianth and stamens along torus under fruit 2-5 mm long. ........................................................................................... 16

6.

................................................................... 14. Michelia kisopa Young leaves tomentose or pubescent beneath; twigs pubescent or tomentose; fruit16(15). Leaves glaucous beneath; twigs glabrous to tomentose; fruits 13.5-15.5 em. ....................... ................................................................. 23. Aliclzelia wilsonii

7(6). i ng brach yblast 5-30 x 3-5 mm; follicles 7 -20 x 7-14 mm. ................................................................. 7 Leaves 1-5 em broad; reticulation rather obscure; twigs tomentose; stipules tomentellous; fruiting brachyblast 58 mm long. 16. 17(3). 17. Leaves not glaucous beneath; twigs pubescent; fruits 3.5-13 em long.

..............................

.......................................... 22. J!iclzelia veluti na Leaves glabrous. ..................................................................... 18 Leaves hair y beneath at least when young. 25

...................... .... ............................... 9. Michelia .floribunda Leaves 3.4-12 em broad; reticulation dis· tinct; twigs and stipules pubescent; fruiting brachyblast 7. 10-30 mm long. ..........

............................................. 3. Jllichelia champaca 18(17). Gynophore under fruit 2-3 mm long; midrib prominent above, at least toward base; f ruits 3.5-4 em long; follicles 2-4.5 x 12.5 em with a stipe of 3-8 mm. ...... .. ................... 25. Michelia lzypolampra 8(4). Petiole 2-5 mm ( 1l!iclzelia yunnanensis with very short petiole is rrill ( 1906) used


Chen & Nooteboom Magnoliaceae of China

1061

E

E

2cm FIG U RE 9. Michelia coria cea Chang & B. L. Chen. -1. Fruiting branch.-2. Seed . -3. Seeds with testa removed. Based on SYS 161742 = Chen Baa Liang G S 9035. Drawing by Xie Qing ]ian.

1062


=

FIG U R E 10. .Michelia doltsopa Buch.-Ham. ex DC. -1. Fruiting branch.-2. Flower. Based on Sl:S 161753 Chen Bao Liang 86 S 049. Drawing by Xie Qing Jian. .Michelia pol yneura C. Y. Wu ex Law & Y. F. Wu, Acta Bot. Yunnanica 10(3): 340, f. 1 -8oft. 5. Aug. 1988. TYPE: K. M. Frng 12030 (holoty pe, KUN; isotype, A).

Tree l 0-18 m high and 20-45 em diam.; young twigs dull brown, 3-7 mm diam.,

± gray pu ber -

ulent; old ones dark brown, glabrescent, with sparse or bicular and white len t icels; terminal bud s ovoid, densely tomentellous with shor t, straight, clear, gray to brownish hairs. St ipules wi t h same indu - rnent as the t erminal buds, free from the petiole. Lea ves coriaceous, green, glossy above, pale green

Volume 80, Number 4

1993 Chen & Nooteboom

Magnoliaceae of China

1063 beneath, both surfa ces gla brous, oblong to broadly elliptic, sometimes obova te, often unequal, 9.713.9(-16.1) X 2.2-3.6(-6) em; apex acute to acuminate, acumen 5-10 mm long, base cuneate or rounded; midrib slightly impressed above, rather prominent beneath; nerves in 12 -13(-16) pairs, much visible on both sides, curved upward and meeting in an intramarginal vein, all lesser veins forming toge ther a dense reticulation that is prominent on both surfaces, th e larger alveoli filled with th e smaller veins, which are obvious t o obscured. Petiole gla brous, dilatate toward the base, 1-2 em long. Brachyblast tomentose, 2.5 mm long (mature flowers not see n ). Flower buds ellipsoid, tepals 9, white, subsimilar, obovate to narrowly obovate, 2.3-3 X 0.8-1 em; stamens ca. 80, 8-10 mm long, connective appendage narrowl y triangular, 1.5-2 mm long, filaments 2.5-3 mm; gynoecium glabrous, subcylindric, exserted from the androecium, 1-1.2 em long; gynopho re 2-7 mm long. Fruiting brachyblasts yellowish pubescent, with 3 sca rs of bracts, 8-25 x 3-3.5 mm, pedicles absent or very short, ca. 1.5-2 mm long if present. Fruits 3-6 em long with 1-4(-10) fertile ca rpels and 68(-17) abortive carpels, the ripe ca rpels sessile, ovoid, dull and dark brown, conspicuously lenti- cclla te, 18-25 x 12-17 mm; gy nophore 1.2-1.5 em long, scars of perianth and stamens along 46 mm of the torus. Seed s ellipsoid, smoo th, 1011 x 6-7 mm. Distribution. C HINA. Southeastern Yunnan : Guangnan, Wang C. W. 88023; Malipo, 86915; Si Chour Hsien, Feng K..M. 12030.

Ecology. In forests, on limestone formations. Altitude: 1,450 m. Flowe ring April; fruiting September-October. N ote. The type of Michelia coriacea bears fruits. In the absence of flowers, we misrepresented the tepals as 6-7 in number, based on the faint sca rs of the perianth on th e torus. The collections with flowers collected from the same tree one year later showed that the flower has 9 tepals.

6. Michelia doltsopa Buch.-Ham. ex DC., Syst. 1: 448. 181 7. TYPE: Ruc hanan- llamilton s.n. (holotype, BM). Figure 10.

Nat.

Michelia excelsa (Wall.) Bl ume, Fl. Javae Magnoliaceae: 9. 1829. Magnolia excelsa Wall., Tent. Fl. Nepal.: 5, t. 2. 1824. Sampacca excelsa ( Blume ) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 6. 1891. TYPE: Wallick 6494 (holotype, K; isotypes, BM, NY). Michelia calcuttensis P. Parm., Bull. Sci. France Bel- gique (Parmentier) 27: 283. 1895. TYPE: Type specimen not traced. According to P. Parm., its label said: "Michelia ?Assam. ex herb. hort. bot. calcuttensis." Michelia manipurensis G. Watt ex Brandis, India n Trees: 8. 1906. TYPE: G. Watt 6329 (K). Michelia wardii Dandy, Kew Bull. 1929: 222. 1929. TYPE: F. Kingdon Ward 8060 (holotype, K). Michelia opipara Chang & B. L. Chen, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni (Guangzhou) 3: 90. 1987. TYPE: B. L. Chen GS86237 (holotype, SYS). Tree or rarely a shrub, to 30 m high; buds appressed-rufous or gra y tomentellous, later glabrescent; young twigs 2.5-3 mm diam., sparsely tomentellous, glabrescent, brownish to dull black - brown. Stipules appressed-rufous or gra y tomentellous, adnate to the petiole, scars 2-6( -20) mm long. Leaves chartaceous to thinly coriaceous, g reen, olive g reen to brown when dry, above scattered-pubescent with slender, straight to undulate, clear hairs, glabrescent, beneath pale green to glaucous, appressed-tomentose with short or lon g, straight to occasionally undulate, usuall y rufous, sometimes clear to brownish hairs, elliptic, oblong- elliptic, oblong to narrowly ovate-elliptic, usually ± unequal, 9-22 x 4-8 em; apex acuminate or subacuminate, acumen 1-3 em long, base broadly cuneate or rounded, the margin slightly wavy; mid - rib impressed above, prominent below, nerv es prominent below, in 10-14 pairs, reticulation fine, densely netted. Petiole pubescent, glabrescent, 0.82.5 em long. Brachyblasts densely appressed-rufous to gray tomentose, 4-13(-23) x 4-6 mm, pedicles 2 -5 mm long; bracts 2-3(-5), densely rufous tomentose. Flowers with pleasant smell; bud s ovoid to oblong, 4-5 em long; tepals (8-) 12 -16, white to yellow, the outer 4-5 obovate to spathulate-obovate or oblanceolate, 3.7-7.5 x 1.4-3 em, glabrous to pubescent outside toward the base; stamens 8-15 mm long, connective appendage short

to long triangular, 1-3 mm long, filaments 2-3 mm long; gynoecium subcylindric, 1-2 em long, exserted from stamens; gynophore 5-12 mm long, tomentellous; carpels many, subovoid, ca. 1.5 em long, appressed-tomentellous; styles glabrous; scars of perianth and stamens on torus 4-6 mm long. Fruiting bra chyblasts glabrous or ± pubescent, 9-13(-23) X 4-7 mm. Fruits ( 2-)5-12.5 em long, some carpels abortive; ripe carpels sessile or substipitate, 10-15 x 8-12 mm; gynophore 10-22 X 2-4 mm, scars of perianth and stamens under fruit 7-10 x 4-7 mm. Seed s ovoid to ellipsoid , 8-11 X 8 mm. Distribution. Nepal, Bhutan, northeastern India, China, and northern Burma. In CHINA. Southern Xi- zang: Kingdon Ward F. 19299, 19211. Yunnan: Shweli- Salwin divide, 24°20', Forrest G. 8949; Jinping, Si no- Rossica Yunnan Exped. 1532; Mienning, Poshang, Yu T.T. 18055; Shange-pa, Tsai II.T. 58995; Shunning, Hila, Wumulung, Yu T.T. 16662; Taron-Taru divide, Yu

1064


T.T. 20866; Yengyueh, 25°25'N, 98°30'E, Forrest G. 26258.

Ecology. In broad-leaved forest. Altitude: l ,600-2,400 m. Flowering April -May; , fruiting September-October. Uses. Wood light, soft, fine-textured, very durable and easily workable; used for various objects of construction work and carpentry, as well as for planking, doors, window frames, and furniture. Collector's note. Flowers pale yellow or white, fragrant. Note. See Dandy ( 192 7b). Michelia opipara is si milar to Michelia doltsopa except for its gray to yellowish indument. The former name is therefore reduced to a synonym of the latter. 7. Michelia elliptilimba B. L. Chen & Noo- teboom, sp. nov. TYPE: China. Yunnan: Meng- hua, Chukai, alt. 2,000 m, 12 May 1938, T. T. Yu 15854 (holotype, A; isotypes, E, IBSC). Figure 11. Arbor 5 ad 6 m alta, ramunculis, st ipulis extra, foliis utrinque, petiolibus, brachy bla stis, bracteis, gy- nophoris, ovariisque indumento pilis tenuibus parvis vellongis, undulatis, brunneis. Ramunculi 2-3 mm diametro. Stipulae petiolis 2-2.5 em longis cicatricibus 3-4 mm longis adnatae. Folia elliptica ad ova- to-elliptica 16 ad 22 em longa, 7.5 ad 10 em lata apicibus acutis vel acuminatis basibus obtusis gla- brescentia, glaucescentia, nervis primariis 914 pa- ribus dense reticulata. Brachibla s ti 3 ad 3.5 em longi cicatricibus bractearum 3 ad 4. Flores pedicello 5 ad 7 mm Iongo, tepalis exterioribus 3, obovatis, 5.5 ad 6.5 em longis, tepalis interioribus 8, obovatis ad spathulatis, ca. 5.7 em longis, staminibus 20 ad 24 mm longis, gynaecio cylindrico 15 mm Iongo gy- nophoro 30 mm Iongo et 6 mmm Jato. Tree 5-6 m high; bark greenish gray, smooth; young twigs, stipules outside, leaves on both sides, petioles, brachyblasts, bracts, gynophore, and ova - ries covered with fine, short or long, undulate, brownish to brown hairs. Young twigs 2-3 mm diam., old ones ± hairy or glabrous; terminal bud s ca. 15 mm long; stipules adnate to the lower bases of the petiole, stipular sca rs 3-4 mm long. Leaves thinly coriaceous, green above, glabrescent and becoming glaucous beneath, elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 16-22 X 7.5-10 em; apex acute or acumi - nate, base obtuse; midrib impressed above, con - s picuously prominent below, nerves visible on both sides, more prominent beneath than above, in 914 pairs, reticulation closely netted, prominent on both sides. Petiole 2-2.5 em long. Flowers creamy white, with a pleasant scent; brachyblasts with 34 scars of bracts, 3-3.5 em long, 5-6 mm wide at the base, pedicles 5-7 mm long; tepals 11-12, subsimilar, the outer 3 obovate, attenuate toward the base, short-clawed, 5.5-6.5 x 2.5-3 em, the inner tepals 8, obovate to spathulate, ca. 5.7 X 1.5-2 em; stamens 20-24 mm long, connective appendage triangular, ca. 0.5 mm long, filaments 2 -4 mm long; gynoecium cylindri c, much longer than the androecium, ca. 15 mm long; gynophore ca. 30 x 6 mm; carpels many, ovaries ovoid, 45 mm long; styles glabrous, 2.5-3 mm long. Fruits not seen. Distribution. CHINA. Yunnan: Meng-hua, Chukai, T. T. Yii 15854.

Note. This species resembles Mi c helia baillonii in the vegetative characters except in its glaucous lower leaf surface. The flowers, however, are very similar in size and shape to those of Michelia foveolata. Onl y one collection available. 8. Michelia flaviflora Law & Y. F. \Vu. See under dubious species. 9. Michelia floribunda Finet & Gagnep., Bull. Soc. Bot. France (Memoires) 4: 46, f. b of t. 7. 1905. TYPE: Hons d'Anty 30 (holotype, P; isotypes, K, E). Michelia kerrii Craib, Kew Bull. 1922: 166. 1922. TYPE: Kerr 46 79 (holotype, K; isotypes, BM, K, P, UC). Tree to 28 m high and 1 m diam.; bark g ra y; young twigs slender, 1.5-2 mm diam., brown or purple-

brown to purple-black, at first tomentose with short or long, straight, glistening, brown, yellowish to gray hairs, soon glabrescent. Stipules appressed-tomentellous with same hairs as young twigs, adnate to the petiole, stipular scars 2 -14 mm long, sometimes to 2.2 em long. Leaves th inly coriaceous to coriaceous, dark green, glossy, at first sparsely appressed-pubescent with slender, clear hairs, especially on the midrib, later glabrescent above, glaucous or not, appressed - pubescent with long to rather long, straight, clear, brown, rarely dark brown hairs, glabrescent beneath, nar - rowly elliptic, narrowl y obovateelliptic, ovate-el· liptic, oblong -e llipti c to narrowly ovate; 614.5(-1 7) X 1-4.5(-5) em; apex acute to acuminate, sometimes ± caudate, acumen 5-15 mm long, occasionally to 2 em long, base cuneate or rounded; midrib impressed above, nerves fine, obscure on both sides, more prominent beneath than a bo ve, in 8-14 pairs, reticulation fine and dense, hardly visible on both sides. Petiole apprcsscd-tomentellous or pubescent, 9-25(-40) mm long. Brachyblast covered with same indument as young



FIG U RE 11. Michelia elliptilimba B. L. Chen & Noot. -l. Branch with deflorated flower.-2. Flower.-3. Stamen.-4. Follicle. Based on T. T. Yu 15854 (A). Drawing by Joop Wessendorp, Ri jksherbarium, Leiden. twigs, 3-6(-8) X 2.5-4 mm, pedicle absent; bra c t s 3(-4), brown or silver sericeous outside. Flowe r bud ovoid to cylindric, 2 -4.4 em lon g; flower fragrant; tepa ls 12-15, outer tepals 3, white, suhsirnilar , glabrous to puberulent outside toward the base, spathulat e, broadly obovate, obovate-linear, rarel y narrowl y rhombi c, tapering toward the base, usuall y ba sall y with short or long claw, 19-45(-50)

1066


X 6-18(-23) mm; stamens 7 -11 mm long, connective appendage short- or long-triangular, 1-3 mm long, filaments ca. 2 mm long; gynoecium cylindric, longer than the androecium, 9-14 mm long; gynophore brown to gray tomentellous, 315 mm long; carpels tomentellous; styles glabrous; ovules 3-8 in each carpel; torus with scars of perianth and stamens 2-6 x 3-5 mm. Fruiting brachyblast pubescent, 5-8 X 3-4 rum. Fruit 2.56 em long, contorted; ripe carpels 1 -14, subglobose, brown to dark brown, lenticellate, ± puberulent, apicall y beaked, 7-20 X 8-14 mn1. Scars of perianth and stamens 3-5 X 3-4 mm. Gyno- phore under fruit pubescent, 1 -1.5 em. Seeds ellipsoid, cordate to irregularly shaped, 6-8 X 5-6 mm.

Distribution. China, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, and Burma. In CH I NA . Guangxi : Jinxiu Xian, Da Yao Shan Exped. 10756. Hubei -Sichuan: Metaseqoia area, l/wa C. T. 503, Jiangxi : Gongda 740250. Guizhou: Fan Ching Shan, A.N. & Cheo, J/. C. 870; Yinkiang, Tsiang r 7 589. Sichuan: Guan Xian, Yi G.P. 76002; Pei Pah, Law Y.W. 306 . Yunnan: Ma Chang Kai valley, Forrest G. 9460; Mienning,Poshang, Yu T.T. 17894; Chen kang hsien, Wang C. W. 72551; Si Chou Hsien, Wang C. W 85542; Tengyueh, Rock ].F. 7 933; Szemao, Rock ].F. 2766 .

Ecology. In forests. Altitude: 800-2,700 m. Flowering February -June; fruiting July-Oc tober. Collector's notes. Flowers white to creamy yellow; fruits green, with red fleshy seeds. Note. The ranges of both Michelia doltsopa and Michelia floribunda overlap in western Yun- nan. Some collections are difficult to identify and probably are hybrids. L. Diels. (1912, 1913) and Hu in Hu & Chun ( 1929 pro parte) erroneously dealt with this species under Michelia wilsonii (auct. non Finet & Gag- nep. 1905). Craib ( l925a) named it Michelia manipurensis [auct. non Watt ex Brandis. 1906: Kerr 4926 (BM, E, K)]. 10. Michelin foveolata Merr. ex Dandy, J. Bot. 66: 360. 1928. TYPE: Tf/. T. nang & K. C. IVong 2738 (in C. C. C. l ·J 5 99) (holotype, UC; isotype, SYS). Michelia Julgens Dandy, J. Bot. 68: 210. 1930. TYPE: Poilane 7092 (holotype, P; isotype, K). Michelia Joveolata var. cinerascens Law & Y. F. Wu, Bull. Bot. Res. (China) 6, 2: 99. 1986. TYPE: China. Zhejiang: Qingyuan Xian, X. Wu 7720 (holotype, IBSC not seen).

Tree to 45 m high and 90 em diam.; bark pale gray or dark gray; young twigs yellow or brown, appressed-tomentose with short, straight, glossy , clear to yellowish or brown hairs; old ones purple- brown, ± pubescent, lenticellate. Stipules brown tomentose or sericeous, free from the petiole. Leaves coriaceous, rigid, above dark green, glossy, appressed-pubescent with slender, straight, brown (when young) to clear (when old) hairs, especiall y on the midrib, below appressed - tomentose with short, straight, silver to brown hairs, glabrescent, considerably variable in shape and size, narrowl y to broadl y obovate, obovate-elliptic, narrowly obovate-elliptic to elliptic-oblong, 9.5-26 x 4.512.5 em; apex acute to a c uminate, base c uneate or obtuse to rounded, sometimes nearly cordate, ± oblique; midrib impressed above, prominent beneath, nerves visible on both sides, in 12-16 pairs, reticulation dense, seemingly foveolate, obscure on both sides. Petiole tomentose, glabrescent, 1 .53.5 em long, without scars. Brachyblast tomentose with same indument as young twigs, 13-25 x 17 mm, pedicle absent; bracts 3-4( -5), densely brown sericeous outside. Flower bud oblong, ca. 3. 7 em long; flower fragrant; tepals 9-12, white or greenish white, subsimilar, broadly obovate to spathulate, 3-4.5 X 1.6-2.4 em, pubescent toward the base; stamens 1 7-20 mm long, connective appendage rather short, ca. 0.5 mm long, filaments 4-6 mm long; gynoecium cylindric, exserted from stamens, 1.7-2 em long; gynophore tomentose with silver to yellow hairs, 1.2-1.5 x 0.2 em; carpels many, tomentose with the same hairs as gy nophore; ovules 1 0 or more; scars of perianth and stamens along torus ca. 3 x 3 mm. Fruiting brachyblast 15-30 X 4-7 mm. Fruit 5.514 em long; ripe carpels 2-12, subglobose, obovoid, black-brown, ± pubescent, lenticellate, stipitate to short-sessile, beaked, 8-22 X 7-14 mm; gynophore tomentose, 1 7-30 mm long; scars of perianth and stamens 5-7 x 4-5 mm. Seeds subglobose to ellipsoid, 7-8 x 5-7 mm.

Distribution. Vietnam, China. In CHI NA. Guang- dong: Chun W. 1: 7 17 9. Guangzhou: Ah Po Shan, Taam 57 2; Chang Ki Tong, Shi Shan, Yuyuen, Kwok S.P. 80335; Kook Kiang, Ko S.P. 50410; Lok Chong, Tso C.L. 20354 . Guangxi: Da yao Shan, Li Z .Q. 99; Debao, Li Z .T. 604032; Jinxui Xian, Da Yao Shan Exped. 11080; Lingui, Liang C.F. 31751; Longshen, Zhang, B.N. 406132. Guizhou: Jiangkou Xian, SinoAmerican Guizhou Bot. Exped . 1077 ; Xingren Xian, Dang C.Z . 1618. Hainan : Bak Sa, Lau S.K. 26 589; Baoting, J/ainan Exped . 752; Fan Yah, Chun N.K. & C.L. Tso 44233; Hung Mo Shan, McClure F.A. (LU 18302) 768; Miu Tsuen, McClure F.A. (LU 18246) 7 12. Hunan : Tam P.C. 62498. Yunnan: Malipo, Law Y.W. 7066; Pingpien, Mao P.l. 4253; Xichou, Liu Y.A. 101762. Also reported from Fu jian, Jiangxi, and Zhe-

1:IV

jiang.



Ecology. In evergreen broad-leaved and mixed foresL Altitude: 500-1 ,800 m. Flowering March - April; fruiting September-Novem ber. Uses. Wood straight-grained and fine-textured, suitable for building, furniture, and plywood. Collector's notes. Fairl y common, flowers white or yellow; fruits greenish, ligh t gray, or purplish red. Note. Michelia foveolata is a recognizable s pecies. However, the shape and size of the leaves and color of the indument va ries. 11. Michelia fujianensis Q. F. Zheng. See under dubious species. 12. Michelia fulva Chang & B. L. Chen, Acta Sci. NaL Univ. Sunyatseni (Guangzhou) 3: 87. 1987. TYPE: B. L. Chen GL86-193 (holotype, SYS). Figure 12. Tree to 15 m high and 15 em diam.; bud s, young twigs, stipules outside, leaves beneath, petiole, brachyblasts, and bracts out side densely appressed-hispid with short to long, straight to un - dulate, somewhat glistening, fulvous hairs; young twigs 8-12 mm diam., dull brown, rough; old ones provided with lenticels, longitudinally fiss ured . St ipules adnate to the base of the petiole, stipular scars 7-10 mm long. Leaves coriaceous, rigid, bright green, above glabrous to ± pubescent, below pale green to glaucous, glabrescent when old, elliptic, ovate, obovate to oblong, (14-)18-24(-29) x 7 10(-12) em; apex acuminate to acute, base c u- neate, sometimes rounded; midrib impressed above, much prominent beneath; nerves in 7 -11(-1 4) pairs, meeting in a looped intramarginal vein; r - ticulation densely netted, both nerves and reticu - lation prominent on both sides. Petiole st ou t, dilatate toward the base, 2-3 em long. Brach y bl ast 2-2.2 x 1 -1.2 e m, pedicle absent; spatha ceous bracts 2-3, broadly elliptic, ca. 52 x 21 mm. Flower bud long ovoid, ca. 3.7 X 2 e m; tepal s 12 -13, white, subsi milar, fleshy, ohovate t o elliptic, the inner tepals small e r than the 3 outer ones, 4.4-5.3 x 2-3 em; stamens ca. 146, 33-39 mm long, filaments 7-8 mm, anthers 25-30 mm, connective appendage short-triangular, ca. 1 mm; gynoecium cylindric, ca. 24 mm long hidden within and much shorter than s tamens; gy nophore pubescent, ca. 6 mm long; carpels ca. 152, fulvous pubescent, ovaries 2-3 mm long; st y les glabrous, 1 -2.5 mm long, sca rs of perianth and stamens on torus ca. 10 mm long. Ripe carpels ovoid, sessile, 10-15 X 9-10 mm. Distribution. GL86-193.

CHINA. Yunnan: Maguan, B. L. Chen

Ecology. In forest on limestone formations. Altitude: 1,690 m. Flowering April. Collector's not e. The natural color of the tepals is not known precisely because the flowers collected seemed nearly dry. Note. The distinguishing characters of this spec ies are: plant covered with fulvous hispid hairs; leaves large and rigid, pale green to glaucous beneath; flowers quite big. 13. Michelia ingrata B. L. Chen & S. C. Yang, Acta Sci. Nat. U niv. Sunyatseni (Guangzhou) 3: 95. July 1988. TYPE: H . L. Chen & C. S. Mai 87 T 019 (holotype, SYS). Figure 13. _Mirhelia calcicola C. Y. Wu ex Law & Y. F. Wu, Acta Bot. Yunnanica 10,3:339, f. 9-16 oft. 5. Aug. 1988. TYPE: C. W. Wang 877 16 (holotype, KUN). Tree to 16 m high and 40 em diam. Young twigs dull brown, stout, 5-7 mm diam., villous with long, straight, crisped to undulate, brown to rufous hairs, soon glabrescent; old ones black-brown, fis-

sured and lenticellate, ± hairy to glabrous; term inal bud s narrowly ovoid, yellow to brown tomentose. Stipules coriaceous, pubescent with lon g silky hairs out side, free from the petiole. Leaves coriaceous, rigidulous, dark bright green, at first scattered - pubesc ent over both surfaces and pilose along the midrib, later glabrescent above, benea th glaucou s, appressedtomentose with sa me hairs as the young twi gs, sooner glabrescent or only pubescen t along midrib and nerves, or glabrous everywhere, elliptic to obovate, the margin slightly revolute and bony; 13-21.5(-24) x 4.5-9.5 e m; apex acute to s hort acuminate, acumen 3-5 mm long, base cuneate t o subrounded; midrib impressed above, prominent beneath; nerves in 12-14 pairs, visible on both sides, reticulation densely netted, prominent on both sides. Petiole pubescent, glabrescent, 2.7 -4 em long. Bra c h yblasts c ov ered with same indument as young twigs, 1-4 x 0.6-0.8 e m, pedicles absent; s pathaceous bracts 1, coriaceous, tomentose out side. Flower golden-yellow, malodorous; tepals 9-12, s ubsimilar, the outer 3 obovate, glabrous, ca. 5.7 X 3.5 em, the inner tepals 6-9, narrowl y elliptic to spathul a te, 4-4.5 x 1.9-2.1 e m; sta - mens ca. 60 or more, 17-22 mm lon g, connect ive appendage triangular, 0.8-1 mm long, filaments 4-6 mm long; gynoecium cylindrical, golden puberulent, ca. 2 em long, exserted from stamens; gynophore ca. 6 mm long; carpel s ca. 63, ova te, 3-4 mm long; st yles 1.5-1 mm long, glabrous.

Annals of the

1068


1 E u 04

!

FIG U RE 12. Michelia fulva H. T. Chang & B. L. Chen.-- 1. Flowering branch.-2. Underside of leaf. -3. Rract. -4. Deflorated flower with gynoecium and part of androecium. - 5. Outer tepal. -6. Stamen. -7. Follicle. Based on S}:S 161751 = Chrn !lao Liang G1 86-193. Drawing by Xie Qing Jian.



FIG U RE 13. M ichelia ingrata B. L. Chen & S. C. Yang. -1. Flowering branch.-2. Fruit. -3. Deflorated flower showing gynoecium. -4. Undersurface of leaf. Based on SYS 161515 = C hm Bao Liang R7 T 019. Drawing by Xie Qing ]ian.

Fruits 6-10 em long, the fertile carpels sessile, 8.9-14 x 7-10 mrn, with 2-5-rnrn-long beak. Gynophore under fruit 17 x 4 mm. Seeds 2-3 in each carpel. Distribution. CHINA. Eastern and southern Yunnan: Goang-nan, Wang C. IV. 877 15 ; Maguan, Chen

B.L. & C.N. Mai 87 T 19; Malipo, Wang C. W 87033. Also in Xichou and Gua ngxi ( Longzhou ).

Ecolog y. In thi ckets on limestone. A ltitud e: 1,600-2,000 m. Flowerin g March- la y. Collector's note. Flowers with putrid smell.


1070

Note.

This species varies in size of the leaves and length of the peduncles.

14. Michelia kisopa Buc h.-Ham. ex DC. Sys t. Nat. I: 448. 1817 . Sampacca kisopa (13uclJ.- Ham. ex DC.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 6. 1891. TYPE: Nepal, Narain-hetty, 22 Oct. 1802, Bu c hanan-Hamilton s.n. ( BM). Michelia zila Buch.-Ham. ex Madden, Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 5: 127. 1858. TYPE: Buchanan-Hamilton 1262 (E).

Tree, bark gray; young twigs 1.5-3 nun diam., yellow-brown, purple-brown, to dull brown- bla ck, sparsely minute- puberulent or tomen tellous with short, straight to slightl y undulate, clear hairs, gla brescent; old twigs brown, gray-brown, to gray- black, longitudinally fissured or wrinkled, sparsel y lenticellate. Stipules tomentellous with straight, clear hairs, adnate to the petiole usuall y up to or beyond half its length, scars 1.4-2 e m long. Leaves thinly coriaceous to cor iaceous, bright green, sparsely puberulent, especially on the midrib and toward the base abov e, paler green, minut el y appressed pubescent with straight, clear hairs, glabrescent benea th, oblong-elliptic, obovate-elliptic, oblong, ovateoblong to ovate, somewhat unequal; 5.216.5(-19) x 2.2 -5 e m; a pex acuminate to long- acuminate, acumen 7-12(-20) mm long, occasionally acute, base c uneate to rounded; midrib slightly impressed above, ner ves in 10-15 pairs, obsc ure or hardl y visible on both sides, reticulation prominent on both sides. Petiole slender, puberu - lent, gla brescent, 1 .6-3.5 e m long. Brach y blast densely tomentosc with short, straigh t to slightl y undula te, clear or gray hairs, 4-6 x 3-5 mm, pedicle absent; bra c ts 3(-4), appressed - tomentose with same hairs as the bra c hybl ast. Flowers not or faintl y scented; tepals 9-1 5, white to yellow, glabrous or pubernlent outside toward the base, subsimilar, the outer 3 obovate, obovate- ohlong, to spathulate, tapering toward the base, becoming short or lon g clawed, 3-3.5 x 1-1.3 em, the inner tepals narrowly obovateelliptic, 2.2-2.7 x 0.40. 7 e m; stamens 8-11 mm long, connec tive appendage usuall y linguiform or long-triangular, 2 4 mm long, filaments 1 -2 mm loug; gynoecium cylindric, longer than the androecium, ca. 6-10 x 2 mm; gy nophore yellowish tomentellous, ca . 1-4 x 1 mm; car pels ca. 26, ovoid, covered with the same indument as th e gy nophore; styles short and wide, glabrous; ovules 3-8; scars of periantlr and stam e ns on torus 1 -2 x 2.5-3 mm. Fruiting bra c hyhlast ca . 7 x 5 mm. Fruit 3-10 em long; mature ca rpels 3-14, nearl y globose or ellipsoiJ, yellow-brown, sessil e, beaked apically, ± puberulent, 8-14 x 7-10 mm; scars of perianth and stamens ca. 4 x 4 mm. Gynophore under fruit 1 e m long. Distribution.

Southern Kumaon to Sikkim, China. In CHINA: Xizang.

Ecology. In forests. AhituJe: 1,500-2,250 m. Uses. According to Aikin, the wood is used for light constru c tion. Note. See Dand y (l927b). 15. M ichelia lacei W. W. Smith, N otes Ho y. Bot. Card. Edinburgh 12: 2 16. 1902. TYPE: }. II . Lace 5 928 (holotype, E; isotype, K). Alichelia uni.ftora Dand y, Kew Bull . 1927: 203. 1927. TYPE: Burma. Mawson, southern Shan States, N. Manders, 1888 (holotype, K). Mic helia tigrzifera Dand y, J. Bot. 68: 213. 1930. TYPE: Poilane 12864 (holotype, P; isotype, K). Michelia magnifica Hu, Bull. Fan. Mem. Inst. Bioi. ( Pei- ping) 10: 118. 1940. TYPE: /J. T Tsai 56961 (holot y pe, PE; isotypes, A, BM ).

Michelia pachycarpa Law & R . Z. Zhou, Bull. Bot . Res. (China) 7, 1: 85, t. 1987. TYPE: R. Z. Zltou 25 (IBSC, seen alive).

Tree to 40 m high and 1 m diam.; young twigs stout, 4 -6(-10) mm diam., glabrous or at first grayto yellowish tomentose, later glabresceut, te- rete, brown-yellow to purple-brown, usuall y gl au- cous when dry, conspicuousl y elliptic le nticella t e and with a nnular sca rs; old ones longitudinall y fissured. Stipules thinl y coriaceous, appressed -pu- bcscen t with short, straight, yellowish h airs, glabrescent, free from the petiole. Lea ves coriaceous, rigidulons, brig ht g reen above, pale green beneath , gla brous on both sides,

obovate-elliptic to elliptic, 14-28 x 6-10 em; apex short -ac uminate to acut e, base cuneate to broadl y cuneate, margin somewhat revolute; midrib impressed above, promineut below, ne rves in 9-1 5(-20) pairs, reti c ulation lax, nerves and reti c ulation prominent on both sides when dr y. Petiole glabrous, wide sulcate a hove, 2.5-3 ern long, without scars. Bra c h y hlast glabrous to tomentose, 15-25 x 5-7 mm, pedicle a bsent; hracts 3-4, c harta ceous, ± puberulent outside, especiall y toward the base. Flower fragrant, solitary, sometimes abnormally two-flowered; bud ovoid - cy lindric, ca. 4 em long; t epa ls 9, white, subsimilar, glabrou s, obovate to spathulate, 5.5-7 x 1.5-3 e m; stamens 2 -2.5 e m long, connective appendage shorttriangular, ca. l mm long, filaments 2-3 mm long; gy nophore tome ntellous, 1 -2 e m long, gynoec ium l.7-2 em long-exserted from stamens; carpels ca. 12, glahrous; st y les lon g and rec ur ved;

Volume 80, Number 4 1993 Chen & Nooteboom Magnoliaceae of China 1071 ov ules ca. 10; scars of perianth and stamens on torus ca. 7 rnrn long. Frui ting brachyblast 1 5-25 x 510 rnrn. Fruit 7-10 ern long; ripe carpels 46, obovoid, brown to da r k brown, lenti cella te, ca. 2 -4.5 x 2 ern, 5-6 rnrn thic k ; gynophore ca. 29 x 6 rnrn; scars of perianth and stamens ca. 2-2.2 x 0.9 ern. Distribution. China, Vietnam, and Burma . In CHI- NA. Southwestern and southeastern Yunnan : Chen B.L. 86 S 5 1, GS 86102 , Tsai H.T. 5696 1.

Ecolog y.

In forests. Altitude: 1 ,450-1 ,550 rn. Flowering February-March; fruiting Septem- ber-

October.

Use s. Wood soft, for planks. Collector' s note. Big tree, flowers

w hite, heavil y sweet -scented . The first author has collec ted material with flowers and frui ts from the t y pe tree of Jlic h e- Lia pachycarpa . There is no doubt that it is sy n - onymous with Michelia Lacei. Note.

16. Michelia maccl urei Dandy, J. Bot. 66: 360. 1928. TYPE: F. A. M cCLure 1468 ( in C. C. C. 13292 ) (holot y pe, U C; isotypes, A , K, US). M i chelin macclurei var. sublanea Dand y, ]. Bot. 68: 212. 1930. TYPE: Tsiang 2609 (holot y pe, N Y; isotypes, A, BM, E, K, P). Tree to 30 m high and 1 rn diarn.; bark w hite- g ra y; bud s, young twigs, stipules, petiole, bra c h y- blasts and bra c ts outside appressed - tomentell ous with short, straight , clear, silver, brown o r rufous hairs, glabrescent; young twigs 2 -4 mm cJiam., yellow - brown, blackish to purple-brown; old on es rou gh, sparsel y le nticellate, longitudinall y striped . Stipules free from the pe t iole. Leaves coriaceou s, at first somewhat sericeous, later glabrescent a bove, appressed-tornentose with short to long, straight, rufous (when young) to clear or yellowish (when older), glistening hairs beneath, broadl y elliptic to broadl y ovate, rhombic-elliptic, or broadly obova te, occasionally narrowly ellipt ic, 6.5-14 x 4-6.5 ern; apex short-a cuminate to acute, base cuneate to broadly cuneate; midrib impressed above, prominent, at first densely brown pubescent wi th long hairs, soon glabrescent, nerves fine, in 10-15 pairs, conspicuous on both sides; reticulation usually densely netted, prominent on both sides. Pet iole sulcate above, 2.5-4 e rn long, without stipular scars. Bra c h yblast 10-13 x 3-4 rnrn, with 3 brac t scars; pedicle 2 -5 rnrn. Tepals 9-12, white, subsimilar, the outer 3 narrowl y obovate to spathulate, 3.5-4.5 X 1-1.5 e rn, the inner 6-9 smaller and narrower than the outer ones; stamens 9-13 mrn long, connective sparsely puberulent, it s appendage tonguelike, 1-2 rnrn l ong, filaments 1-2 rnrn long; gynoeciurn narrowl y cylindric, 7-9 rnrn long, to- rnentellous, slightly longer than the androeciurn; gynophore b rown t ornentellous, 5 rnrn long; carpels ca. 28 or more. Fruiting brach y blast 10-15 x 45 rnrn, glabrescent. Fruit 3-7 ern long; gynophore 8-10 X 3-4 rnrn, glabrescent; ripe carpels ellipsoid or subglobose, d ull br own , sessile, ± lent icella te, 15-2 3 x 9-10 rnrn; scars of perianth and sta mens on torus ca. 4-5 x 5 rnrn. Seeds 1 -3, fla t -ovoid, 8-10 rnrn long. Distribution. China and northern Vietnam. I n CHI- NA. G uangdong: Fa ngcheng, Chun S.H. 446 6; W u- chua n, Chen S .P. 1131 ; Yangchun, Wa ng Q 830()()/ . Guangxi: Rongshui, Long G.R. 830090 ; Ron xian, Liang C. F. 31845 ; Yulin, Lee S .K. 200723. llainan : Manning, How F.C. 73194 . Also in Y un nan.

Hr ology.

In mixed forest. Altitude: 500-1,000 m. Flowe r ing Mar ch -April; fruiting Septe mber - Nov

embe r.

l Tses. Wood fine- textured, straight -grained a nd f ragra nt; co mmonl y used for constru ction, pla nk s, and fu r niture; the tree is grown as a n or namental. \'ot e. The i ndurnent var ies in th is species. Therefore, we prefer to redu ce i\lic helia ma cclur Pi va r. subl anea to Michelia ma cclurei.

1 7. Michelia mastica ta Dand y ,]. Bot. 67: 222. 1929. TYPE: Poilane 11253 ( h olot y pe, P; isot y pes, BM, K ). J lichrlia s phaera ntha Law & Y. F. Wu, Acta Bot. Y unnanica 10, 3: 335, t. l. 1988, nom. illeg., non M ir hrlia s pha erantha Z. S. Yue 1987. T Y PE: .M. K. Li 2539 (K U N not seen). See Michelin s pha erantha Yue under dubious species. Tree to 18-25 rn high and 80 em dia m.; bark gra y -brown, i r regularl y fissured lengthwise , con spicuousl y lenticella te; young twi gs pubesce n t or glabrous, slender, bright yellow-green; old ones dar k green, with white lenticels; bud cylindric, ca. 1 3 mm long. Stipules yellowish ser iceous or brown ish pubescent outside toward th e apex, free from the pet iole. Leaves cor ia ceous, dark gr een, slightl y glossy above, pale green benea th , sca ttered u p- pressed - pubescent w ith short, stra ight to sligh tl y u ndulate, clea r to b rownish hai rs, glabrescent on bot h sides, broadl y elliptic, elliptic-oblong, ovate, or obovate, 12-22(-28) x 5-8(-10) e m; apex shor t-acuminate, base c uneate to rounded; mid r ib and nerves impressed above, mu ch p rominen t below, ner ves in 8-13 pa irs, retic ulat ion laxl y ne tted , visible on both sides. Petiole appressed - tomentellous, glabrescent, 2-3(-4.5) em long, wi t hout sca rs.


1072

Brachyhlast yellowish sericeous, glabrescent, ca. I 0 x 3-4 mm; pedicle absent; bracts 3, cove red with sa me indument as the stipule. Tepals 9- I2, white to yellowish white, subsi milar, the outer 3 obovate, narrowly obovate to spat hula te, 5-9(- II) X I -2.5 em, the inner 6-9 narrower than the outer ones, 36(-8) mm long; stamens man y, ca. 2 em long, filament ca. 3 mm, connective appendage ca. I mm long; gynoecium cylindric, tomentellous with short, straight , brownish hairs, 36(-8) em long, longer than stamens; gynophore tomentellous, ca. I e m long; ca rpels many, ca. 6 mm long; styles ca. 2.2 mm long; sca rs of perianth and stamens on torus 6-8 x 5 mm. Fruiting hrachyblast s 5-7 em long. Fruit I0-40(-53) em long; follicles to I 00(- I28), dull brown, ovoid to ellipsoid, densely gray-white leiiticellate, reddish glandular, apically beaked. Seeds 2-6 in each carpel, red, globose and slightly compressed to irreg - ularly shaped, ca. I 0 mm long. Gynophore under fruit ca. 2.5 em long. Distribution.

China, Laos, and Vietnam. In CHINA.

Yunnan: Wulinag shan, Tsiang T. 12059; Menghua,

}'u T.T. 1 5884; Nanjiang Xian, Yue Z.S. 86- 107; Ping· pien, Mao P.l. 27216; Chu-hsiun, Li M.K. 3.

Ecolog y. In forest. Altitude: 500 -2, 1I 0 m. Flowering April-May; fruiting Octoher. Uses. Wood hard and dense, useful for all purposes. The tree is g rown as an ornamental. Note. We were unable to study the t y pe specimen of Michelia s pha e rantlw C. Y. Wu ex Law & Y . F. \Vu. Fortunatel y, there were some other collections available (including Mao fJin g-i 3621, 0321, and 027 28). There is no doubt that Miche- lin sphaerantha C. Y. Wu ex Law & Y. F. Wu (nomen illeg.) belongs to Michclia masticata . The only differences are in the degree of indurnciit and the number of carpels. Generall y, the Chinese collections have a more dense indument and more carpels. Michelia sphaerantlw, published hy Yu e ( I987) is based on another type and represents another species.

I8. Michelia maudiae Dunn, J . Linn. Soc. Bot. 38: 353. I908. S YNTYPES: f/on gk ong f/erb. 2·149, 2065 (HK, A). .Michelia chingii Cheng, Contr. Bioi. Lab. Sci. Soc. China, Bot. Ser. l 0: ll 0. 1936. (holotype, PE; isotypes, A, E, K).

TYPE:

R . C. Ching 2452

Tree to 20 m high and 60 em diam.; hark pale gray or gray-brown; plant entirely glahroiis; huds, young twigs, stipules outside, leaves beneath, pet - iole, brachyblasts, bracts outside, and gy noecium pale green to glau cou s when dry; young twigs 23 mm diam., dull purple- brown, yellow- black to dull yellow; old ones yellow-gray, black-gray to dull black, lenticellate, longitudinally fissured. Stipules free from the petiole. Leaves coriaceous, dark green, glossy above, broadl y elliptic, obovate-elliptic to obovate, 9.5- I 7.5 x 3-7 em; apex abruptly short - acuminate, acumen 3- I2 mm long, occasionally long-acuminate, to 2 em long, base c uneate to nearly rounded; midrib flat to ± impressed abo ve; nerves fine, visible on both sides, in 7- I2 pairs, reticulation densel y netted, prominent oii both sides. Petiole I -3 em long, without stipular sca r. Bra c h y- blast I 0-28 x 4-7 mm, pedicle absent; bract s 24, sometimes leaflike. Flower soli tary, occasionally two, fragrant; tepals 9-12, white, subsi milar, the outer 3 broadl y obovate, attenuate toward the hase, 5-8 x 2.3-4 em, the inner tepals 6-9, obovate, elliptic to broadly spa thulate, short -clawed at the base, 4.5-5 x I.B-2.5 em; stamens I3- I7 rum long, connective appenda ge short to long tr ian- gular, 0.52 mm long, filaments pale purple, 25 x 2 mm; gynoecium subcylindric, longer than the androecium, I O - I 3 mm long; gyuophore 6- I2 mm long; carpels many, ovoid, 2-3 rnrn long; styles 3-3.5 mm long; ovules 6- I4 in each ca rpel; sca r s of perianth and stamens on torus ca. 4 x 6 mm. Fruiting hrachyblast I7-30 x 4-8 nun. Fruits I 0- I2(- I1) em long; ripe carpels 2- I9, ohovoid to ovoid, dull brown, lenticellate, short-beaked apically, I -2.5 x l 1.7 em; gynophore I3-30 x 4-5 mm; scars of perianth and stamens 5-6 x 6-7 mrn. Seeds subovoid, ca. I x 0.5 e m, slightl y compressed . Distribution.

CHINA. Fujian: Yenping, Buong, C hung 11.11. 3667. Guangdong: North river region, lf"ang

C. 31404; Ru yuan, Chen BL 80110; Yirrg Tak, Tsang W T. 3044; Fan Shiu Shan, Lau S.K. 2552. Guangxi:

Guangyang, Zhao R.F. 54; Lingui, Zhao R.F 197 ; Longshen, Uu LF 5671; Xingan, Xing An Exped. 285. Guizhou : Tuhshan, Tsiang Y 6933; Liping Xian, Yuan J.M. 621; Lipo county, Song X.H . 244. llainan : Jiangyong, Tam P.C. 63667 . Jiangxi : Lungnan distr., Lau S.K. 4854. Zhejiang: Lungtsuau, Ho >:}: 3200; Pang Yung, Ching R.C. 2066. Also reported from southern Hunan.

Ecology. In everg reen broad-leaved forests. Altitude: 500- I ,500 m. March; fruiting September - October . Uses. Wood straight -grained and fine-textured, used for furniture and plank s. I9. Michelia mediocris Dandy, J. Bot. 66:47. I928. TYPE: McClure in C. C. C. 85 93 (holot y pe, BM; isot ypes, A, E, K, MO).

Flowering Februar y -


Tree to 35m high and 90 em diam.; bark white- gray; bud s rufous or silver appressed-tomentellous; young twigs 2 -3 mm diam., dull black-gray to yellow-brown, appressed-tomentellous with short , straight, silver to brown hairs, glabrescent, sparsel y lenticellate. Stipules silver appressed-tomentellous, free from the petiole. Leaves thinl y coriaceous to coriaceous, bright green, sca ttered - puberulent with short, straight, clear to brown hai rs, especially on midrib and toward the base, glabrescent or glabrous above, ± pale green, at first appressed-tomentellous with short, straight, glistening, yellowish hairs, soon glabrescent beneath, elliptic, broadly elliptic, obovate-elliptic to rhombic-elliptic, 5-1 0(-13.5) X 3-4(-7) em; apex acute to acuminate, base attenuate or cuneate to broadly cuneate; midrib prominent, appressed-puberulent with s hort, straight, brown and yellowish hairs, glabrescent below, nerves rather fine, in 10-15 pairs, obscure to visible on both sides, more prominent beneath than above, reticulation densely netted, conspicuous on both sides when dry. Petiole densely tomentellou s with sa me hairs as young twigs, glabrescent, 1.5-2.5 e m long, without sca rs. Bra c h y blast brown or yel - low appressedtomentellou s, ca. 6-10 x 3 mm, pedicle ca. 2 mm long; bract s 3-4, silver or brown tomentellous outside. Tepals 9-10, white, subsimilar, obovate, spathulate to obovate-linear, usually attenuate toward the base, clawed at the base, 1 .83 X 0.4-1.8 em; stamens 1 -1.5 em long, counective appendage tonguelike, variable in leng th, 2-4 mm long, filaments 1.5-2 mm long; gynoecium short-cylindric, 6-12 mm long, usually lon ger than the androecium, occasionall y equal to the latter; gynophore gray to brown tomentellous, 35 mm long; carpels 13-18, tomentellous with sa me hairs as gynoecium; ovules 4-6; scars of perianth and stamens on torus ca. 3 X 3 mm. Fruiting brachyblast ca. 1 X 0.4 em, tomentellous . Fruit 2-3.5(-5) em long; carpels glabrescent, obovoid to ellipsoid, slightly compressed, sessile, ca. 2 X 1.2 em; gynophore under fruit 5-8 mm long. Seeds 5-8 mm long. Distribution. China, Cambodia, and Vietnam. I n CHINA. Guangdong: Dinghushan, Ski G.L. 14241; Fachou distr., McClure F.A. 582. Guangzhou: Wang X.lf/. 5690; Kochow, Pa s heng 2; Yingde Xian, Liang ll. Y. 61546 . Guangxi: Dafongshan, Chang C. C. 11316; Zhaoping Xian, Li Y.K. 402692. Hainan : Bawangling, Zh eng P. 13465; Chim Fung Mt., Lau S . K. 5245; Five Finger Mts., McClure F.A. CCC 8593; Hung Mo Tung, Sing I.Y. (herb.nr 18350) 817; Tianchi, Wang C. 2888.

Ecology.

In fores t. Altitude: 400-1,300 m. Flowering December-Januar y; fruiting June-July.

Uses. Sapwood yellow-brown, heartwood brown-yellow; wood straight -gra ined, fine-textured, light, soft, and durable; commonly used for fur- ni ture, millwork, veneer, plywood, musical instruments, and also for bridges and ships. Collector's not es. On sandy soil; flowers fragrant. .'\'ote. G. W. Groff, Ding & Groff {1923) and Merrill (l927a) misidentified this species as.Miche- lia maudiae {au c t. non Dunn, 1908). 20. Michelia microtricha Hand.-Mazz., Akad. \Viss. Wien 58, 18: 81. 1921. TYPE: Ten 339 {holotype, C; isotypes, K, V). Figure 1 4. Tree to 3-20 m high. Young twigs 2 -3 mm diam., dull yellow-brown or black-brown, appressed-tomentellous with minute, straigh t, brown to gray h airs, glabrescent; old ones dull brown , ± pubescent, lenticellate; bud s narrowly ovoid, 1.2 em long. Stipules minutel y gray or dark brown tomentellous outside, stipular scars ca. 1 .5 e m long. Leaves coriaceous, dark green, glossy, appressedpub