1. Go to my AP Art History Edmodo Page... you can get there by either going to ...
Come with your parents to the school and check out a copy of the textbook over ...
AP ART HISTORY SUMMER ASSIGNMENTS Welcome to AP Art History! If you take this course seriously, it will literally change the way you see the world. You will see elements of buildings, culture and media in ways you totally overlooked in the past. I'm glad you've accepted the challenge, and I promise to do everything I can to make the class entertaining as well as highly informative! WHAT YOU NEED FOR THIS CLASS:
Get a three-ring binder. This has proven to be very worthwhile, because you'll fill the whole thing by the end of April. Internet Access. If you don't have Internet at home, make sure you have access outside of class. Some of the best study tools for this class are located on my AP Webpage, and you'll need to get to the Study Guides this way. An Email Address or text number. In many cases I'll need to contact you outside of class, and this is the best way. If you don't have either, go to Google, Yahoo or Hotmail and make one. REA Test Prep Study Book. This is NOT required, but I have yet to find a book that is so much help! It explains everything clearly, with a CD that allows you take practice tests on the computer. Most of the kids who bough this book did awesome on the AP test. It's about $17-20 retail, but you can find it cheaper on Amazon here: http://www.amazon.com/History-CD-ROM-Best-Test-Preps/dp/0738602922 The Annotated Mona Lisa (suggested) This is NOT required either but it is another infinitely useful book & may be used for an extra credit summer project as well. You can get it from Amazon for as little as $.13 sometimes. Here is the link to the most recent edition: http://www.amazon.com/Annotated-MonaLisa-Prehistoric-PostModern/dp/0740768727/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1337108307&sr=11
THE ASSIGNMENT: 1. Go to my AP Art History Edmodo Page... you can get there by either going to www.fultonschools.edmodo.com and creating a student account using the group code “ sreyez “ This is where all assignments will be posted. I will give you updates, answer questions and post links for you to watch etc. be sure you check it on a regular basis. (*NOTE: Go ahead and Bookmark this website... You'll be here a lot.) BTW there is also an Edmodo App you can download for free here: http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/edmodo/id378352300?mt=8
2. Come with your parents to the school and check out a copy of the textbook over the summer (your parent will have to sign for it in order for you to use it when we are out of school. ) you are welcome to buy a copy of the text yourself but it can be cost prohibitive. 3. Over the summer, you are to complete sections 1 & 2 (Prehistoric and Ancient Near East / Egyptian). Read chapter 1 and 2 and complete the Study Guides for each Section. You should have all 3 Study Guides ready to go for the first day of school. 4. Here's what you need to do for the study guides: a. QUESTIONS: Please write out the questions, and answer them using complete sentences. All of the answers can be found within the chapter, but don't write out your answers word-for-word from the book. If I wanted Stokstad's answer, I'd re-read the chapter 14 times. b. TERMS TO KNOW: Write out a definition for each word. Use your own words. Don't just copy from the book. c. ARTWORK TO REMEMBER: Write a sentence or two about each piece, and what makes it special. Use your own words to sum up what it is. Here's an example to help you: Skara Brae - Neolithic village uncovered in Scotland presumed to be built as late as 3100 BC. Created furniture built into walls using corbelled stones. 5. I suggest typing them out, but I'll definitely accept handwritten work, too. (Typing them out is great because you could email me over the summer to make sure you did it right before you turn it in!) A FEW MORE IMPORTANT THINGS: I don't accept late work on the AP Level. If you're going to be absent, email me your work. It's that easy. ...If you have any questions or concerns, email me at
[email protected] or my personal email at
[email protected] **On each section or chapter, you’ll find useful study guides and PowerPoint presentations... these are made to help you remember your stuff. USE THEM! The students who have done so in the past did remarkably better than those who didn't!!
HAVE FUN!
AP Art History Prehistory and Prehistoric Art The following is a general outline of the Prehistoric unit... for a more detailed, KICK-BUTT website, click
here.
PREHISTORY: refers to the time period before people could write, the time before written records.
Objects are the documents of record Challenge is to "read" the nonverbal info found in objects. How is the concept of spirituality (or a primitive religion) reflective in prehistoric artwork?
CHRONOLOGY: divided into three general phases: Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) c40,000-8,000 BCE -- mostly nomadic hunters Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age) c8,000-7,000 BCE Neolithic (New Stone Age) c7,000-2,300 BCE -- began to settle year-round
Paleolithic Period PAINTING - represents the most extensive example of Paleolithic art.
Altimira, Spain-Bison, c14,000-12,000 BCE Altimira, Spain-Dead Bison, c14,000-12,000 BCE Lascaux, France-Well Scene c15,000-10,000 BCE Lascaux, France-Hall of Bulls, c15,000-10,000 BCE Lascaux, France-Chinese Horse c15,000-10,000 BCE
SCULPTURE - examples predate painting and drawing in archaeological record.
Venus of Willendorf, Vienna, Austria, c30,000-25,000 BCE Human with Feline Head, Hohlenstein-Stadel, Germany, c30,000-28,000 BCE Venus of Laussel c23,000-20,000 BCE
Woman from Brassempouy, France, c22,000 BCE Bison, Le Tuc d'Audoubert, France, c13,000BCE
Mesolithic Period The Mesolithic was a transitional period, when the climatic, geographical and biological patterns of today were established. Artistically, the human figure was represented in groups rather than the single figure of the Paleolithic.
Marching Warriors, Castellon, Spain, c7000-4000 BCE
Neolithic Period Change from hunting and gathering to sedentary existence, new art form, monumental architecture, Megaliths-GreekMegas, made from huge stones without mortar
Carnac, France, c3,000 BCE Stonehenge, England, c2750-1500 BCE
AP Art History Art of the Ancient Near East
It is in the Ancient Near east, that writing first began. With the invention of writing came written records that replaced the reliance upon images and oral traditions as a means of keeping records. Just as important, the development of agriculture allowed civilizations to start taking shape! Geographically, the Ancient Near East refers to area that includes present day Turkey, Iran and Iraq.
Populations first settled in the grassy areas surrounding the river valleys.The area was ideal for agriculture, with good soil, adequate rainfall and domesticated animals.
As the population increased, the people began to move into the river valleys and delta regions. CHRONOLOGY: divided into four general phases
Early Neolithic Communities 8000-5500 BCE Ancient Mesopotamian Cultures 3200-330 BCE Sumerian Period 3200-2225 BCE (includes the Akkadian Period) Assyrian Period 1000-612 BCE Early Neolithic Communities Jericho-located on a plateau on the Jordan River.
represents the world's oldest fortified community Click here for good link
fortifications make the beginning of monumental architecture
SCULPTURE-examples from Jericho mark the beginning of monumental sculpture and individualized portraiture.
Human Skull, c7000-6000 BCE Catal Huyuk-located in Anatolia, flourished 6500-5500 BCE. This area was the first to experiment in city planning. SCULPTURE-most examples are small female figures
Seated Goddess, Catal Huyuk, c5900 BCE Sumerian Art Between 3500 and 2800 BCE city-states began to emerge along the rivers of Southern Mesopotamia. The city-states of Sumer are considered to be one of the first great civilizations of man and are credited with inventing the first written language, cuneiform. ARCHITECTURE - ziggurat:a stepped pyramid structure, with a temple or shrine located on top. Ziggurats were religious shrines, that symbolized a bridge between man on earth, and the gods in heaven.
Nanna Ziggurat, Ur (modern Iraq) (fig.2-5), c2100-2050 BCE
SCULPTURE - Sumerian sculpture was religious in nature, representing Sumerian dieties.
Face of Woman,from Urak (fig.2-6), c3500-3000 BCE Statuettes, from Temple of Abu, Tell Asmar (fig.2-9), c2900-2600 BCE
Bull Lyre, from tomb of Queen Puabi of Ur (fig.2-11), c2685 Standard of Ur, c2700 BCE
CYLINDER SEALS - Used as a means of stamping and identifying documents... Simply roll the seal out on clay and get the image! These seals are just a couple of inches long.
Akkadian Art - The first Empire Approximately 2300 BCE, the city-states of Sumer came under the domination of a powerful ruler, Sargon I of Akkad. The Akkadians adopted Sumerian culture with one exception. It was under the leadership of Sargon, that devotion to the leader rather than the citystate became the political norm. The Akkadians ruled until 2180 BCE, when they were attacked and conquered by the Guti (only Lagash remained independent).
SCULPTURE-first examples of political works of art
Head of Akkadian Ruler from Nineveh (fig.2-15), c2200 BCE Stela of Naramsin (fig. 2-16), c2254-2218 BCE
(Neo-Sumerian) The Akkadian Empire was overthrown by the Gutians, known for their leader Gudea of Lagash. This brief period (ca. 2100-2000 BCE) was called, "Neo-Sumerian" for resurrecting the Sumerian language in their writings. Also, the statue here of Gudea has a "Sumerian Votive Figure" style to it.
Babylonian Art Sumer was once again fully united under the Babylonian ruler, Hammurabi in 1792 BCE. Hammurabi was most famous for his code of laws. Stela of Hammurabi, from Susa, c1792-1750 BCE
Assyrian Art Guardian Figure, from throne room of Sargon II, c720 BCE Citadel and Palace Complex of Sargon II, c721-706 BCE
(Neo-Babylonian Art) The term Neo-Babylonian or Chaldean refers to Babylonia after the death of Ashurbanipal, from the revolt of Nabopolassar in 626 BC until the invasion of Cyrus the Great in 539 BC, notably including the reign of Nebuchadnezzar.
Ishtar Gate c575 BCE - Gate to Babylon ordered built by King Nebuchadnezzar in honor of the Assyrian Goddess Ishtar.
Persian Art Persia, now Iran, created the Persepolis, show here. It was begun by Darius I (the Great) and finished by his son Xerxes.
AP Art History Egyptian Art INTRODUCTION: The pyramids and sphinx of Egypt represent monuments that were built by a people who dominated Mid Eastern life for thousands of years. CHRONOLOGY:Three major periods of Egyptian history - but be aware of the PRE-DYNASTIC / EARLY DYNASTY periods!
Pre-Dynastic Period 4350-3150 BCE Early Dynastic Period 3150-2670 BCE Old Kingdom 2670-2150 BCE Middle Kingdom 2150-1800 BCE New Kingdom 1550-1070 BCE (includes Amarna period-1370-1350 BCE)
Old Kingdom Prior to the emergence of the Old Kingdom, there existed a Pre-dynastic period in Egypt. The Pre-dynastic period lasted from 4350-3150 BCE. It was a time of social and political transition. Finally in 3150, under the leadership of Narmer (Menes), Upper and Lower Egypt were united as one kingdom. From this time on, pharaoh's (single rulers from the same family or dynasty) ruled Egypt as absolute kings who received their powers from the gods. It was during the Old Kingdom, that the traditions and standards of Egyptian art were established. Rules of construction and composition were established between Dynasty III and IV.
Palette of Narmer (Menes) Dynasty I, (fig. 3-4), c3150-3125 BCE ARCHITECTURE - One of the most important figures in Egyptian architecture was Imhotep, chancellor and court architect under Djoser (Zoser) (second ruler: Dynasty III). During the Early Dynastic period, funerary rites became an essential part of Egyptian culture. In keeping with this, the Egyptians created elaborate structures to help protect and preserve the bodies of the dead. Mastabas, flat topped, one-story buildings were first erected above underground burial chambers. Mastabas were replaced during Dynasty III and IV to create elaborate and expensive pyramids to house their remains.
Stepped Pyramid of Djoser Dynasty 3, c2681-2662 BCE Wall of North Palace, w/ engaged columns, Dynasty 3, c2681-2662 Great Pyramids (for Khafre (Chefren), Menkaure (Mycerinus) & Khufu(Cheops)) Dynasty 4,, c2601-2515 BCE Great Sphinx Dynasty 4, c2570-2544 BCE
Khafre
SCULPTURE - Sculpted statues of themselves were very important to the pharaohs as a means of perpetuating their memories and protecting their "ka". All early Egyptian sculpture is characterized by (1) compactness (2) symmetry of form and (3) its block-like shape Khafre (Chefren or Chephren) Dynasty 3, c2570-2544 BCE Menkaure (Mycerinus) and His Wife Dynasty 4, c2515 BCE Seated Scribe Dynasty 5, c2510-2460 BCE RELIEF SCULPTURE & PAINTING-Relief sculpture and painting were two ways used to decorate the interior walls of the tombs and create pleasant eternal living quarters for the deceased's "ka".
Menkaure
Middle Kingdom One hundred years of political disorder followed the end of the Sixth Dynasty. regional overlords struggled for power and were too weak to protect the empire from invaders from Western Asia. ARCHITECTURE-The architecture of the period was on a much smaller scale than that of the Old Kingdom. Pharaohs still wanted pyramids but lacked the funds and social stability to accomplish the task of building on such a grand scale. Tombs became much smaller, cut from rock, with the only access via a steep rampway.
Rock cut Tomb of Amenemhet Dynasty 12, (fig.3-21), c1991-1785 BCE SCULPTURE - Due to the division of power, two schools of representation emerged. In the north, artists copied the idealized images found within the grand tombs of Old Kingdom pharaohs. In the south, artists did not have these images to copy.Their royal statues display a movement towards a more natural imagery. Senwosret (Senusret) Dynasty 12, (fig. 3-24), c1878-1842 BCE Portrait of Sesostris III Dynasty 12, c1875-1825 BCE
New Kingdom True order and stability was not re-established until Dynasty 18. With the new era of peace and prosperity came a return to the construction of large temple complexes.The rulers of Dynasties 18-20 built more architectural and sculptural monuments than all of the other dynastic periods combined. The majority of the construction took place around the capital city of Thebes. During Dynasty 18 there was a radical change in the traditional Egyptian culture. This challenge came during the reign of Amenhotep IV, who questioned the power of the priest class and introduced the new form of religion closely associated with the sun-disk god, Aten. Amenhotep changed his name to Akhenaten and moved the capital to Tell-el-Amarna. ARCHITECTURE - New Kingdom architecture was built on a monumental scale. The temple became the most representative of the Egyptian buildings, due to the tremendous power of the priest class. The classic New Kingdom temple had seven elements, all arranged on the same axis.Entry into the various rooms of the temple was based upon social class. Great Temple of Amun Dynasty 19, (fig. 3-30), c1294-1212 BCE Temple of Amun, Pylon of Ramesses II Dynasty 19, (fig. 3-31), c1279-1212 BCE Temples of Ramesses II and Nefertari Dynasty 19, (fig. 3-35), c12791212 BCE Funerary Temple of Hatshepsut, Deir el-Bahri, Dynasty 20, (fig. 333), c2009-1997 BCE SCULPTURE & PAINTING - Sculptural monuments to the pharaohs, designed as simplified cubic blocks became very popular during the New Kingdom. The shape of the cube emphasized the belief that the "ka" could find an eternal home within the block statue portraits. Wall paintings also continued in the traditions established in earlier kingdoms. Senmut with Princess Nefrua Dynasty 18, c1490-1460 BCE AKHENATON AND THE AMARNA PERIOD Amenhotep IV came to the throne in 1352 BCE. During his seventeen year reign, the traditional Egyptian culture was challenged to its very roots. Amenhotep IV founded a new religion that no longer honored many gods, but focused on honoring a single supreme being, Aten, the sun-disk god. Amenhotep IV changed his name in 1348 BCE to Akhenaten and moved the capital from Thebes, north to Akhetaten (modern name Tell-el-Amarna). In addition to changing the social and religious nature of the civilization, a new style of art will characterize the Amarna Period.
The art of the Amarna Period will reflect a new more naturalistic approach in the rendering of the human figure. Artists will instill a new sense of life in their reliefs, wall paintings, statuary, Akhenaten and His Family Dynasty 18, (fig. 3-36), 1348-1336/5 BCE Queen Tiy Dynasty 18, (fig. 3-37), c1390-1352 BCE Queen Nefertiti Dynasty 18, (fig. 3-38) c1348-1336
Tutankhamen and the Post-Amarna Period The discovery of the tomb of King Tutanhamen in 1922 has told archaeologists and art historians more about the Amarna style than any other source. Perhaps the greatest aspect of the tomb's discovery was the young king's royal mummy that was placed in the inner most chamber of three nesting coffins. The mummy's actual coffin was made of one quarter ton of gold, inlaid with precious stones.
Innermost Coffin of King Tutankhamen Dynasty 18, (fig. 3-40), c1325 BCE Death Mask of Tutankhamen Dynasty 18, (fig. 3-41), c1325 BCE Painted Chest Dynasty 18, (fig. 3-42), c1325 BCE
Section 1: Art Before The Written Word What changes occurred between the Paleolithic ('Old Stone Age') to the Neolithic ('New Stone Age') period? Explain why calling a prehistoric figure a "woman" instead of "Venus" frees us to think about the object in new and different ways. Refer to at least three works of art in explaining how Paleolithic works of art show an aesthetic sense. What evidence is there that some megalithic monuments, such as Stonehenge, may have had a relationship to celestial events in the calendar? Compare any prehistoric work to something that is created in present day. Click here for a pretty good Prehistoric website: http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/s/stoneage.html
Terms To Know sculpture in the round relief sculpture abstraction low relief ware modeling post-and-lintel construction henge
relative dating corbeling dolmen cairn incising capstones passage grave
Artwork to remember
Cave of Chauvet-Pont-d'Arc
Hall of Bulls (Lascaux) Cool website
Skara Brae (Scotland)
Tombs of Newgrange (Ireland)
Woman from Willendorf (Austria)
Cave Paintings (Altamira, Woman from Brassempouy Spain) (France)
Section 2a: The Art of Mesopotamia (pgs. 3747) Why was this part of the world such a 'hot spot' for the development of civilization and war? What great inventions have the Sumerians been credited with? Explain the similarities and differences between the Votive statues from Eshnunna (p.41) and Votive statue of Gudea (p.44). Describe the relationship between material and form in the Votive State of Gudea as seen in figure 2-10. (p.44) Egyptian architectural history seems preoccupied with tombs and burial. What are the chief concerns of Mesopotamian architecture? Why is the Stele of Hammurabi so important?
Terms To Know pictographs stylus phonograms heiroglyphs cuneiform heiratic scale
votive figures stele ziggurat mastaba cylinder seals
Artwork to remember
Ziggurat of Ur (Sumerian)
Votive Figures (Sumerian)
Victory Stele of Naramsin (Akkadian)
Votive of Gudea from Lagash (NeoSumerian)
Stele of Hammurabi (Babylonian)
Palace of Persepolis (Persia)
Section 2b: The Art of Ancient Egypt (pgs. 48-61) This article is just WAY too cool to miss! Why is there a PREDYNASTIC and an EARLY DYNASTIC period to Egyptian History, instead of just Old, Middle & New? Why is the southern part of Egypt referred to as "Upper Egypt", and vice versa? Who was Imhotep, and what made him so special? Explain the similarities and differences between the ziggurat of Saqqara versus those in Mesopotamia. How did the Egyptians' belief in afterlife affect the creation of the pyramids? Egyptian architectural history seems preoccupied with tombs and burial. What are the chief concerns of Mesopotamian architecture? Looking at the statues of Khafra and Menkaure, describe what the ideal Old Kingdom Ruler should look like. What made Amenhotep IV's (New Dynasty) religion so different than anything before it?
Terms To Know palettes mastaba necropolis veneer pectoral
cartouche pharaoh hypostyle hall pylons sarcophagus
Click here for a cool website about Egyptian Art! Artwork to remember
Rosetta Stone
Funerary Temple of Hatshepsut (Deir El-Bahri)
Step Pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara
Great Pyramids of Giza
Ahkenaten and his Family
Sphinx (Giza)
Menkaure and His Wife, Queen Khamerernebty (Giza)
Ti Watching a Hippo Hunt
PARENT/ STUDENT CONTRACT TO CHECK OUT AP ART HISTORY TEXTBOOK
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