Appendix 5

Appendix 5 Individual Catalogue. Basic data available for the 505 individuals recorded to produce the human bone report by Megan Brickley

Key to abbreviations and terminology used

STAGE OF PRESERVATION Excellent —less weathering than Behrensmeyer (1978) Stage 1. Good —Behrensmeyer Stage 1. Fair —Minor weathering or damage. Behrensmeyer Stage 2 or Stage 3. Poor —significant damage or poor preservation. Behrensmeyer Stage 4 or Stage 5. Varied Preservation that would fall into more than one of the above categories across the skeleton. SYMBOLS USED ON DENTAL CHARTS / tooth lost postmortem x tooth lost antemortem z congenitally absent np tooth not present --jaw and teeth not present c caries (cavity) in tooth a abscess eh enamel hypoplasia (linear or pit identified) b tooth broken e tooth erupting u tooth unerupted Cr refers to tooth development stages (Moorees et al., 1963) Crc see above R see above Ri see above Rc see above Ac see above A see above *denotes vault person of known age or sex from documentary sources.

PATHOLOGY ABBREVIATIONS: DISH Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis DJD Degenerative joint disease EH Enamel hypoplasia IVD Intervertebral disk disease OA Osteoarthritis PM Post mortem ABBREVIATIONS USED FOR BONES AND JOINTS C cervical vertebra TMJ tempero-mandibular joint L lumbar vertebra T thoracic vertebra *HB, The asterisk ‘*’ before a HB number indicates that the age and sex of this individual are known from documentary sources.

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Appendix 5 – Megan Brickley

VAULT 2 HB 121 Age: young adult Sex: male Stature: 168.5 cm (femur and tibia) Cranial index: 77.05 Preservation: good. Completeness: 75% + Bones present: all except hyoid, cricoid, thyroid, 3 ribs, cervical vertebra 3, left and right pubis, right patella, sternum, coccyx, some right and left carpals and some hand and foot phalanges. Additional bones: additional human bones. Dentition: Z X

X X

3 X

X X

C 6 27

X 28

7 /

X 25

X 24

X 23

C 11 22

/ 21 C

X 20 C

14 X

X X

Z X

Dental pathology: caries (4/13), calculus (9/13), periodontal disease generalised and severe. Enamel hypoplasia linear (9/12). Non-metric traits: metopism, left epiteric bones, left and right femoral plaque. Skeletal pathology: calcified ligamentum flavum thoracic vertebrae 6-7, 9-10, 12. HB 132 Age: child (10-11 years) Sex: undetermined Stature: undetermined Cranial index: undetermined Preservation: poor. Completeness: 50-75% Bones present: all except left and right lacrimal, left and right palatine, ethmoid, fontanelle, partial vertebral fragments, rib fragments, left and right pubis, left and right patellae, some metacarpals, metatarsals, carpals, tarsals, hand and foot phalanges. Additional bones: 4 extra adult teeth showing great wear. Dentition: N p 32 U

E 2 31 E R3/4

3

4

E 5

U 6

30

29 U

28 U

27 A1/ 2

N p 70

c 52 69

N p N p

7

8

9

10

U 11

12

13

14

26 Ac

25 Ac

24 Ac

23 Ac

22 Rc

21 U

20 U

19

N p N p

N p N p

N p N p

N p N p

N p np

N p 62

N p 61

E 15

Np

18 E R3/ 4

17 U Cr1/ 2

Dental pathology: Permanent: calculus (2/24), no periodontal disease. Deciduous: no calculus or periodontal disease. Non-metric traits: none. Skeletal pathology: none.

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Appendix 5 – Megan Brickley

HB 140 Age: middle adult Sex: male Stature: 172.5cm (femur and tibia). Cranial index: 74.4 Preservation: good. Completeness: 75% + Bones present: all except hyoid, cricoid, thyroid, all cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae T1-T6, 6 ribs, left and right pubis, coccyx, some carpals and tarsals, and some hand and foot phalanges. Additional bones: none. Dentition: X /

X X

X X

X X

/ /

X /

/a / /

/ /

/ /

X /

X /

12 /

X X

X X

X X

X X

Dental pathology: no caries, calculus, or periodontal disease. Non-metric traits: right mastoid foramen exsutural. Skeletal pathology: Schmorl’s nodes on lower thoracic vertebrae T7-L1, calcified ligamentum flavum T8-T11, OA T7 and T12, osteophytes T10-L5, fusion of T10-T12 through ossification of longitudinal ligament on the right hand side, compression fracture of L2, sacrilisation of fifth lumbar vertebra. Also depressed fracture of frontal bone, fusion of sacrum to ilia on left hand side, midshaft fracture of right femur, OA of first left metatarsal, and a midshaft fracture of one right rib. HB 151 Age: young adult Sex: probable male Stature: 167.5cm (tibia and femur) Cranial index: 73.3 Preservation: good Completeness: approx 75%+ Bones present: all except 3 ribs, left and right pubis, coccyx, some carpals and foot and hand phalanges. Additional bones: none. Dentition: 1 32

2 31

3 30

4 29

5 28

6 27

7 26

8 25

9 24

10 23

11 22

12 21

13 20

14 19

15 18

16 17

Dental pathology: teeth 23-26 crowded and overlapping. No caries, calculus (26/32), periodontal disease (4/32) upper localised and moderate. Non-metric traits: metopism, right tibial squatting facet. Skeletal pathology: calcified ligamentum flavum T1-T3 and T11, Schmorl’s nodes T12. Also regional growth disruption (cause unknown trauma not favoured) on left and right proximal humerii, possible congenital malformation? VAULT 3 *HB185 Age: Infant (1-2 years) Sex: undetermined Stature: undetermined Cranial index: undetermined Preservation: good Completeness: 25-50%

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Appendix 5 – Megan Brickley

Bones present: fragmentary cranial bones, partial humeri, radii and ulnae, the ilium, one hand phalanx and some fragmentary vertebral bodies and ribs. Additional bones: none Dentition: undetermined -----

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Dental pathology: none. Non-metric traits: none. Skeletal pathology: none. *HB189 Age: old adult Sex: male Stature: 170cm (femur) Cranial index: undetermined Preservation: fair Completeness: 75%+ Bone present: all except most of the skull (right temporal, maxillae, nasals, zygomatics, lacrimals, palatines, mandibles, vomer, ethmoid, hyoid, cricoid and thyroid), cervical vertebrae, patella, 4 ribs and some foot and hand bones. Additional bones: none Dentition: not present -----

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Dental pathology: undetermined. Non-metric traits: bilateral parietal foramen, left mastoid foramen exsutural and right tibial squatting facet. Skeletal pathology: DISH present in the spine, periosteal new bone formation observable on some cranial bones. MTB DNA positive test result (1/2 tests). HB 190 Age: child (11-12.6 years) Sex: undetermined. Stature: undetermined. Cranial Index: undetermined Preservation: poor Completeness: