Appendix B

Appendix B

Live captured animals tested for EHFV

Outbreak

DRC, Yambuku, 1976

Cameroon & DRC DRC, Kikwitt, 1995 1979-1980

Literature source

Johnson 1978/ Germain 1978

Breman et al 1999

Leirs et al 1999

Isolate EBOV from Vero cells, Ag Vero & CV-1 cells Vero cell cultures) ELISA, Microscopy

Test type

Gabon & RoC, Ekata 2002, Mbomo 2003 Leroy et al 2005

Totals All live sampling (antibody & virus)

Live virus

RT-PCR (n=13/410)

no.

pos

%

no.

pos

%

0.2%

13349

193

1.4%

148

9

TOTAL TESTED

146

1664

2814

685

5309

13

Approx. no. of species

20

62

84

6

129

3

Class Mammalia Order Afrosoricida Calcochloris (Huetia) leucorhinus (Congo Golden Mole)

5

5

5

2

3

3

9

28

45

6

12

Order Artiodactyla Bos taurus (Cow)

1

Capra hircus (Goat) Cephalophinae sp. (Duiker) Philantomba monticola (Blue Duiker)

2

Neotragus pygmaeus (Royal Antelope)

17 6

Ovis aries (Sheep) Sus scrofa (Pig)

10

Sylvicapra grimmia (Bush Duiker)

4

4

4

2

12

12

4

4

4

Syncerus caffer (African Buffalo) Tragelaphus sp. (Sitatunga) Tragelaphus scriptus (Sitatunga)

1 subtotal Artiodactyla

13

23

22

1 0

58

1 0

0.0%

81

0

0.0%

21

22.3%

21

15.4%

74

4.1%

22

8.0%

4

1.1%

3

12.5%

37

2.8%

Order Carnivora Canis aureus (Golden Jackal)

1

Canis lupus familiaris (domesitc dog)

14

Canis mesomelas (Black-backed Jackal)

1

Crossarchus alexandri (Alexander’s Kusimanse)

7

1

1

14

94

1

1

7

14

Genetta sp. Genetta servalina (Servaline Genet)

3

3

3

Genetta tigrina (Cape Genet)

3

3

3

Galerella sanguinea (Slender Mongoose)

3

3

3

Mungos mungo (Banded Mongoose)

1

1

1

Nandinia binotata (African Palm Civet)

16

16

16

subtotal Carnivora

0

21

28

0

49

0

0.0%

136

Order Chiroptera (bats) Casinycteris argynnis (Golden Short-palated Fruit Bat)

2

2

21

121

121

241

26

52

211

211

421

15

15

30

23

23

Chaerephon ansorgei (Ansorge's Free-tailed Bat) Chaerephon major (Lappet-eared Free-tailed Bat)

26

Chaerephon pumilus (Little Free-tailed Bat) Chalinolobus sp. Cynopterus brachyotis (Lesser Short-nosed Fruit Bat)

35

Eidolon helvum (African Straw-colored Fruit Bat)

95

Emballonura alecto (Small Asian Sheath-tailed Bat)

9

Eonycteris spelaea (Lesser Dawn Bat)

5

Epomops franqueti (Franquet’s Epauletted Fruit Bat)

21

2

Neoromicia tenuipinnis/rendalli (White-winged or Rendall's Serotine)

22

1

23

46

1

1

1

52

52

104

17

17

34

Neoromicia somalicus (Somali Serotine)

117 (5)

140

5

3.6%

Haplonycteris fischeri (Philippine Pygmy Fruit Bat)

6

Hipposideros cyclops (Cyclops Leaf-nosed Bat) Hipposideros diadema (Diadem Leaf-nosed Bat)

1

Hipposideros ruber (Noack's Leaf-nosed Bat) Hypsignathus monstrosus (Hammer-headed Fruit Bat)

1810

1

21 (4)

22

4

18.2%

Macroglossus minimus (Dagger-toothed Long-nosed Fruit Bat)

275 2

Megaloglossus woermanni (Woermann's Long-tongued Fruit Bat)

43

43

130

Micropteropus pusillus (Peters's Lesser Epauletted Fruit Bat)

78

78

353

Miniopterus australis (Little Long-fingered Bat)

8

Miniopterus minor (Least Long-fingered Bat)

2

2

4

Miniopterus schreibersii (Schreibers's Long-fingered Bat)

8

Miniopterus tristis tritis (Great Long-fingered Bat) Mops (Mops) condylurus (Angolan Free-tailed Bat)

1 54

10

64

128

Mops (Mops) condylurus, & Hipposideros gigas (Giant Leaf-nosed Bat)

24

Mops (Mops) congicus (Congo Free-tailed Bat)

20

Mops (Xiphonycteris) nanulus (Dwarf Free-tailed Bat)

15

Mops (Mops) niveiventer (White-bellied Free-tailed Bat) Mops (Xiphonycteris) thersites (Railer Free-tailed Bat)

69

20

40

14

29

58

3

3

6

1

70

140

Myonycteris (Myonycteris) torquata (Little Collared Fruit Bat)

141 (4)

Myopterus whitleyi (Bini Winged-mouse Bat) Myotis bocagii (Rufous Myotis)

17

141

2.8%

1326

2

3

22

39

78

2

2

3

2

75

150

Myotis macrotarsus (Pallid Large-footed Myotis)

1

Nycteris hispida (Hairy Slit-faced Bat) Pipistrellus (Pipistrellus) javanicus (Javan Pipistrelle) Neoromicia nanus (Banana Pipistrelle)

4

2

2 73

Ptenochirus jagori (Greater Musky Fruit Bat)

38

Rhinolophus arcuatus (Arcuate Horseshoe Bat)

1

Rhinolophus rufus (Large Rufous Horseshoe Bat)

2

Rousettus (Rousettus) aegyptiacus (Egyptian Rousette)

307

24

7.8%

Rousettus (Rousettus) amplexicaudatus (Geoffroy's Rousette)

16

7

43.8%

171

0.03

0

0

560

0

0

4

8

1

12.5%

10

20

Scotophilus sp.

10

Scotophilus dinganii (Yellow-bellied House Bat)

20

10

20

20

39

6

12

Scotophilus kuhlii (Lesser Asiatic Yellow House Bat)

5

Saccolaimus peli (Pel's Pouched Bat)

6

unspecified subtotal Chiroptera

7

23

8

463

537

131

161

410

1418

210 13

0.9%

6301

Order Hyracoidea Dendrohyrax dorsalis (Western Tree Hyrax)

7

7

14

Order Macroscelida Petrodromus tetradactylus (Four-toed Elephant Shrew)

1

Rhynchocyon cirnei (Checkered Elephant Shrew)

28 subtotal Macroscelida

0

28

1

66

29

0

1

1

28

56

29

0

0

57

Order Pholidota Manis (Phataginus) tricuspis (Tree Pangolin)

95

161

20

Order Primates Allenopithecus nigroviridis (Allen’s Swamp Monkey)

10

10

Cercocebus galeritus (Tana River Mangabey)

11

11

22

100

195

Cercopithecus ascanius (Red-tailed Monkey)

2

94

Cercopithecus neglectus (De Brazza’s Monkey)

1

12

Cercopithecus nictitans (Greater spot-nosed Monkey)

1

51

Cercopithecus pogonias (Crested Mona Monkey)

1

55

4

Cercopithecus cephus (Moustached Guenon)

Galago demidoff (Prince Demidoff’s Bushbaby)

1

7

13

25

53

104

56

111

7

13

Gorilla gorilla (Western Gorilla) Pan paniscus (Bonobo)

1

Pan troglodytes (Common Chimpanzee) Perodicticus potto (Potto)

8

8

16

Piliocolobus pennantii (Pennant's Red colobus)

14

14

28

Cercopithecus sp.

1

unspecified

12 subtotal Primates

6

267

12

Anomalurus derbianus (Lord Derby’s Scaly-tailed Squirrel)

3

1

Atherurus africanus (African Brush-tailed Porcupine)

10

0

1

1

12

24

285

0

0.0%

Order Proboscidea Loxodonta africana (African Bush Elephant) Order Rodentia

Colomys goslingi (African Wading Rat)

1

Cricetomys emini (Forest Giant Pouched Rat)

19

1

2

19

38

Cricetomys gambianus (Northern Giant Pouched Rat)

5

5

10

Dasymys incomtus (Common Dasymys)

6

6

12

Dendromus sp.

4

4

8

Dendromus mesomelas (Brants’s African Climbing Mouse)

52

52

105

3

3

6

Dendromus mystacalis (Chestnut African Climbing Mouse) Funisciurus sp.

2

Funisciurus anerythurs (Thomas's Rope Squirrel)

58

Funisciurus congicus (Congo Rope Squirrel)

36

Funisciurus lemniscatus (Ribboned Rope Squirrel)

6

2

2

58

116

36

72

6

12

Funiscurus pyrrhopus (Fire-footed Rope Squirrel)

15

15

31

Grammomys dolichurus (Common Grammomys)

9

9

18

1

19

33

22

41

Grammomys poensis (Western Rainforest Grammomys)

5

13

Graphiurus sp.

3

19

Graphiurus lorraineus (Lorraine’s African Dormouse)

1

Heliosciurus rufobrachium (Red-legged Sun Squirrel)

58

Hybomys (Hybomys) univittatus (Peters’s Hybomys)

50

Hylomyscus carillus (Angolan Hylomyscus) Hylomyscus sp.

14 1

Hylomyscus stella (Stella Hylomyscus)

11

1

2

58

116

50

100

14

28

1

1

11

22

Lemniscomys striatus (Typical Lemniscomys)

1

30

249

280

560

Lophuromys (Lophuromys) sikapusi (Rusty-bellied Brush-furred Rat)

1

81

58

140

279

Lophuromys (Lophuromys) flavopunctatus (Ethiopian Buff-spotted Brush-furred Rat)

1

1

2

Praomys lukolelae (Lukolela Praomys)

36

36

72

Mastomys sp.

72

144

Mastomys natalensis (Natal Mastomys)

72 62

62

125

Mus (Nannomys) minutoides (Southern African Pygmy Mouse)

289

289

582

Mus (Nannomys) triton (Gray-bellied Mouse)

459

459

919

Oenomys hypoxanthus (Common Oenomys)

82

1

83

166

Paraxerus alexandri (Alexander's Bush Squirrel)

6

1

7

14

Pelomys sp.

7

7

14

Pelomys campanae (Angolan Pelomys)

32

32

63

Pelomys minor (Least Pelomys)

21

21

42

Praomys sp.

69

Praomys jacksoni (Jackson’s Praomys)

60

Praomys tullbergi (Tullberg’s Praomys)

7

Protoxerus (Protoxerus) stangeri (Forest Giant Squirrel) Rattus rattus (Roof Rat)

30

52

Steatomys pratensis (Common African Fat Mouse) Stochomys sp.

241

69

69

301

605

7

14

1

1

2

89

171

310

16

16

32

8

16

8

Tatera sp,

3

3

6

Gerbilliscus (Taterona) validus (Southern Savanna Gerbil)

20

20

39 37

Thryonomys swinderianus (Greater Cane Rat) unspecified subtotal Rodentia

18

18

6

16

9

31

118

661

1761

0

2540

56 0

0.0%

4971

1

0.0%

1

0.0%

0

0

0

0

Order Soricomorpha Crocidura sp.

5

5

5

Crocidura attila (Hun Shrew)

1

1

1

Crocidura denti (Dent's Shrew)

3

3

5

Crocidura dolichura (Long-tailed Musk Shrew)

1

1

2

Crocidura hildegardeae (Hildegarde's Shrew)

3

3

6

Crocidura hirta (Lesser Red Musk Shrew)

12

12

23

Crocidura littoralis (Naked-tail Shrew)

3

3

6

Crocidura olivieri (African Giant Shrew)

55

55

101

Crocidura parvipes (Small-footed Shrew) Crocidura poensis (Fraser's Musk Shrew)

9

Scutisorex somereni (Armored Shrew)

6

unspecified

3

3

6

20

29

57

6

12

2 subtotal Soricomorpha

0

Unspecified mammals

2

4 0

0.0%

15

108

0

123

5199

16

3

105

124

144

Class Aves and Reptilia Hawk Ceratogymna atrata (Black-casqued Hornbill)

6

6

12

Corythaeola cristata (Great Blue Turaco)

15

15

30

Tropicranus albocristatus (White-crested Hornbill)

13

13

26

unspecified

33

184

170

387

438

67

184

170

421

subtotal Class Aves

0

Snake

8

Lizard

1

Tortoise

7

unspecified subtotal Class Reptilia

1

0

0

8

15

124

30

124

16

1

1

7

14

139 0

506

155

154 0

0

185