Application of BIM in construction project

Application of BIM in construction project


1.INTRODUCTION

L. D. College of Engineering

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1.1

Overview of BIM

The term BIM was formerly conceived in late 1970s by Charles M. Eastman and the concept of Building Information Modeling was originally used for the first time in mid 1980s (Eastman, 1975). This obscure concept is then delineated by Phil Bernstein and many other fieldsmen. However, this hypothesis has not been utilized appropriately until the past decade in Architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) field. 

Currently in AEC industry, BIM has become eminent word as well as its popularity is mounting more swiftly among the areas related to design and construction as compared to its advancement in initial stages.



Although BIM has grown so well and distinguished its place in the world, many people don’t know about it and who have already known are confused about the concept that BIM is a software or a CAD technology?



But many people know about the true potential of BIM and realize it as a process of generating and managing building data during the building’s life cycle.

BIM is a revolutionary approach which is considered more likely as a tool to enhance the speed of any design, construction and maintenance operations at every single stage of a project as well as improve collaboration among different parties, control the cost of altered order and minimize possible inefficiencies so that the overall productivity can be accelerated. BIM signifies the process of development using a computer generated model to simulate the planning, design, construction and operation of a facility (Azhar, 2011). It is also known as a documentation process which contains information of any project from its initial phase of planning up to its final stage including facility management and operation control. Moreover, operational visualization and design coordination as well as estimating and scheduling are the distinguish features of this process. The main advantage of using BIM is the visualization of the building systems such as MEP directly through a virtual BIM model and the detection of any possible conflicts


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between different systems become uncomplicated. Easy problem detection by BIM model before actual construction which duly turns into savings of time and money. The resulting model generated by the use of BIM application, is a data-rich, object oriented, intelligent and parametric digital representation of the facility, from which views and appropriate data according to various user defined needs can be extracted and analyzed to generate information that can be utilized to make decisions and to improve the process of delivering it to the facility.

Owner Plumber

Electrical Engineer

Architect

Structural

BIM

Engineer

Mechanical

Civil

Engineer

Engineer Contractor

Fig. 1.1 Various Disciplines involved in BIM


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1.1.1 BIM Concept: Today, the economic gloom and bloom in the Indian construction industry has brought swelling expectations and a requisite shift in process due to that architects has instigated to realize that modification in the conventional methods is vital for taking on the future challenges. 

So the focus is deliberately shifting from traditional 2D based techniques to a practical reality with respect to functions, economy and energy etc.



Basically BIM uses a common database system which is actively shared by all disciplines involved in a project with a clear perspective of uniting various disciplines and challenge them to coordinate with each other in more efficient way.

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As the Energy analysis can be done at early stages of design, the construction costs and time duration become more predictable.

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BIM allows use of a parametric 3D model to auto generate traditional building documents such as plans, sections, elevations, details and schedules.

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Drawings produced by the use of BIM supported softwares are not of manually coordinated lines, but the interactive representations of a model. The alterations in this model are automatically implemented throughout the project and in the process inaccuracies in coordination can be easily eliminated.



Our field comprises of numerous modeling software packages with excellent application for the conceptual level models, but it mainly lacks an ability to document a building design for construction

.


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1.1.2 BIM Dimensions: Nowadays, the concept of BIM using 3D modeling is extending among the owners and Architecture/Engineering (AE) firms mainly to support both the preconstruction and the construction process. Many new terms and concepts have been exploited including the discovery of numerous BIM applications such as 4D, 5D, 6D and 7D. Here the term “D” is considered as the dimension which has various functions for the construction industry. 

3D BIM: The height, length and width are considered in the 3D BIM.

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4D BIM: 3D plus the factor of time, which in the context of BIM used in construction planning implies, the project schedule.

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5D BIM: 4D plus cost estimation.

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6D BIM: 5D plus site, which means a 3D building model linked with a 3D site model, and the integrated model should also carry all the project schedule and estimation information.

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7D BIM: Even the concept of 7D BIM has been brought up, which is BIM for life cycle facility management (Review of BIM, 2011).


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BIM 3D

4D

5D

6D

7D

4D + Cost

5D + Proposed site model

6D + Life Duration

Length Breadth

3D + Time

Height

Fig. 1.2 showing BIM components.

1.2

Need of studying BIM: In the construction industry, reliable decisions during the structure’s life-cycle

are the most significant factors to ensure durability and sustainability of the building from its earliest conception to demolition. This requirement is largely satisfied by BIM which is a shared knowledge resource for information of a facility. The conventional systems of building design are more dependent upon 2D technical drawings mainly including three views (plan, elevation and section). Where there BIM expands up to 3D modeling and beyond it by the augmentation of three dimensional system with time as fourth dimension (4D) and cost is added as a fifth dimension to transform it into 5D.


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As we know that 2D system is the geometrical drawings in different views but BIM has already passed down that limit. Today, we can utilize BIM to perform light analysis, to develop spatial relationships, to implement geographical information and to ensure the functions and properties of building components etc. The construction industry has the data compatibility issues because of information losses during transfer of data to various discipline. BIM resolves this issue by enabling a virtual information model passed down to various disciplines like design team to main contractor, contractor to field operator and owner etc. Today, in AEC industry BIM has proved its potential and is arising as one of the most auspicious development for the world. BIM produces virtual models of a building accounted as digital construction which supports design in its every phase, allowing complex analysis and better control compares to manual practices. At the completion of these computer generated models we obtain very accurate data to carry out construction, fabrication and procurement processes for successful execution of building. A construction of a building is consist of number of phases, BIM allows us to collect and to analyze the data during any phase so we can put a strong hold over each process to safeguard our invested resources. BIM’s most beneficial factors are operation visualization as well as estimating, scheduling and design coordination. It is the most helpful tool in visual coordination of MEP systems and also provide facility to detect clashes between disciplines even before actual construction begins.

1.3 Objectives of BIM 

The objective of the BIM is to distinguish trailblazing research topics, ideas and trends in the area of BIM in AEC through interdisciplinary endeavors.



One of the most significantly specified goal of BIM is to unite the academic and professional expertise from multiple disciplines to discuss contemporary problems and to speculate on new solutions for the future and to explore research topics that could exhilarate the state of the art.


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

Provide an overview of different work processes and system that are used.

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Demonstrate the extent of effort and complexity needed to establish “True BIM”.

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Focus on correlating legacy work processes with their BIM counter parts.

1.4 Scope of BIM The capital facilities industry is like a vessel or a body which is supported by stakeholders, envisage them as the nerves of the body, which can directly or indirectly be affected by the scope of BIM. The creation, utilization and sharing of information over lifespan of a building has numerous ways wiz profoundly related to BIM. The scope of BIM is mainly categorized in three ways by the NBIMS are as follows: 

A development tool- a product



Feasible with IT field and practicable with collaborative progression

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A facility competent for lifecycle maintenance

This classification is the step towards the sovereign advancement of BIM which direct the industry for forming up an information value chain which is why the NBIMS focuses on the scope of the building information modeling at syndicate level, to handle stakeholder society by merging the tasks performed as the BIM implementation. The methodologies used by NBIMS are rooted in the activities of the International Alliance for Interoperability (IAI), the Information Delivery Manuals (IDM) and Model View Definitions (MVDs), Industry Foundation Dictionaries (IFD). The information exchange as per the user defined requirements and localized content is the key factor in the development of North American (NA) approach to the various building lifecycle activities and processes.


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1.5 BIM Future Challenges: The productivity and economic benefits of BIM to the AEC industry are widely acknowledged and increasingly well understood. Further, the technology to implement BIM is readily available and rapidly maturing. Yet, BIM adoption is much slower than anticipated (Fischer and Kunz, 2006). There are two main reasons, 1.

Technical

2.

Managerial. The technical reasons can be broadly classified into three categories (Bernstein

and Pittman, 2005): 1. The need for well-defined transactional construction process models to eliminate data interoperability issues, 2. The computation of digital design data in advance is the significant requirement to erect further process, and 3. The necessity for well-developed practical strategies for the purposeful exchange and integration of meaningful information among the BIM model components. The management issues cluster around the implementation and use of BIM. Right now there is no clear consensus as how to implement or use BIM. Unlike many other construction practices, there is no single document or treatise on BIM that instructs on its application reveals its utility (AGC, 2005). Several software firms are cashing in on the “buzz” of BIM, and have programs to address certain quantitative aspects of it, but they do not treat the process as a whole. There is a need to standardize the BIM process and to define the guidelines for its implementation. Another antagonistic issue among the AEC industry stakeholders (i.e. owners, designers and constructors) is that who should develop and operate the building information models and how should the developmental and operational costs be distributed?


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The researchers and practitioner have to acquire suitable solutions to overcome these challenges

and

other

associated

risks.

As a number

of

researchers,

practitioners, software vendors and professional organizations are working hard to resolve these challenges, it is expected that the use of BIM will continue to escalate in the AEC industry. In the past facilities managers have been included in the building planning process partially, maintenance strategies based on the as-built condition at the time the owner takes possession. BIM modeling would might allow facility managers to take over charges in the future at a much earlier stage, where they would influence the design and construction. The ocular nature of the BIM allows all stakeholders to get important information before the building is completed. This includes tenants, service agents as well as maintenance personnel. Finding the right time to include these people will undoubtedly be a challenge for owners.

1.6 Difference between BIM & CAD. According to Kumar and Mukherjee (2009) BIM and CAD have following features. 

The main differences between Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Computer Aided Design (CAD) are that CAD system is usually 2D document, which are created separately and have no intelligent connection between separately created documents. Whereas BIM accommodates all the documents, can be created relatively and provides connection among these to ease the alteration processes.



In CAD, two lines represent a wall, but in BIM wall is created in the form of an interactive tool, which has its own properties like width, height, bearing or non-load bearing virtue, demolished or new, interior or exterior, fire rating, and materials (such as boards or brick) etc.


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

The BIM platform assembles all information into one location and crosslinks that data among associated objects. There is no linkage between the data created by CAD.

Fig.1.6 showing difference between CAD and BIM. Source: kumar & mukherji, 2009.

In the CAD technology all the drawings i.e. layout plan, foundation plan, first floor plan, second floor plan, electrical details – structural details – plumbing details & Architectural details are shown in a separate sheet of each and there is no linkage between them while BIM provides such facility and shows them as a single unit.

1.7 Development of BIM in India India is an emerging market in the construction industry and due to population and economic growth has a huge potential for large scale industrial development. India has many professionals who are working on BIM and also assisting teams in different countries all over the world like USA, Australia, UK, Singapore, and North Africa in


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BIM. According to Survey carried out by lachmi khemlani, (2007) Different applications used in India are as follows:

BIM APPLICATION USED IN INDIA

VectorWorks Architect 0% 49%

Revit Microstation 0% 6%

ArchiCAD

5%

Allplan

40%

None 0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

Fig. 1.7 BIM Application used in INDIA. (Source: lachmi khemlani, 2007)

1.8 Research Plan

Duration

July 16July 31

Activity About BIM

August 1-15

August 16-31

Septem ber 115

Septem ber 1630

October 1-15

Literature review Problem defined


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2. LITERATURE REVIEW


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2.1 RESEARCH PAPER In their paper (Sarkar & Modi, 2015) described, “BIM is a process involving generation and management of digital representations of physical and functional characteristics of a building or a facility. They further defined BIM as a holistic documentation process for operational visualization, design coordination, estimation and project scheduling.” Primary advantage of implementing BIM is the visual coordination of the building structure and systems such as Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing (MEP) and it also identifies the possible conflicts between the building systems. They further added that with the use of Revit as a BIM software can reduce Co-ordination problems amongst the Architect, structural engineers, contractors and Building Service Providers (MEP). Azhar Stated: Building Information Modelling (BIM) represents the process of development and use of a computer generated model to simulate the planning, design, construction and operation of a facility. A Building Information Model, is a data-rich, object-oriented, intelligent and parametric digital representation of the facility, from which views and data appropriate to various users’ needs can be extracted and analyzed to generate information that can be used to make decisions and to improve the process of delivering the facility (AGC, 2005). He further included that BIM helps architects, Engineers and Constructors to visualize what is to be built in simulated environment and also gives the idea of potential design, construction or operational problems that are likely to be occurred during project life cycle. Report also includes the errors of traditional working system and BIM concept. It also includes difference between 2D cad & BIM Concept. According to Autodesk Guideline of BIM, Building Information Modelling (BIM) is an integrated process that involves creating and using an intelligent 3D model to inform and communicate project decisions. It also includes that BIM has thoroughly changed the AEC industries by establishing a universal medium through which design professionals can plan and document design projects, creating a universal collaboration platform that integrates design with associated disciplines supporting fluid design and building processes throughout the project lifecycle. L. D. College of Engineering

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(Bynum et.al, 2012) Shows an investigation on the perception of Building information modeling among architecture and constructors. They carried out a survey on internet and determined existing trends of BIM applications in sustainable design and construction. Survey results indicated that the sustainability was not a primary application of BIM and Project Coordination and Visualization are that of more important. Author also predicted that BIM will become a vital tool for sustainable design and construction. (Kumar & Mukherjee, 2009) describes scope of building information modeling in india. Paper shows the changed face from 2D to 3D modeling and how it is going to affect AEC industry. They also stated that BIM has potential to solve many problems and also improves coordination between different disciplines. Though much is yet to be learned about BIM. They also checked status of BIM in India by survey and found its need in India knowing the status of BIM in different countries. (Matejka, 2014) In his paper Author describes implementation of BIM in Highway Construction – transport infrastructure Construction as it is one of the largest public sector & people are going to get benefit through it. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is considered a modern tool, framework or process for civil engineering. The whole concept is often oriented on building construction, but as already said, construction market does not consist only of buildings. This paper focuses on the possible use of BIM in transport infrastructure, specifically in highway construction.


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2.2 Benefit of BIM The representation of various building features and components in an integrated data environment with such a geometrical accuracy is the key benefit of BIM (CRC Construction Innovation, 2007). Other related benefits are: 

Faster and more effective processes: information is more easily shared, can be value-added and reused.

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Better design: building proposals can be rigorously analyzed, simulations can be performed quickly and performance benchmarked, enabling improved and innovative solutions.

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Controlled whole-life costs and environmental data: environmental performance is more predictable, lifecycle costs are better understood.

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Automated assembly: digital product data can be exploited in downstream processes and be used for manufacturing/assembling of structural systems.

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Better customer service: proposals are better understood through accurate visualization.

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Lifecycle data: requirements, design, construction and operational information can be used in facilities management.

Stanford University Center for Integrated Facilities Engineering (CIFE) figures based on 32 major projects using BIM indicates benefits such as (CIFE, 2007): 

Up to 40% elimination of unbudgeted change.

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Cost estimation accuracy within 3%.

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Up to 80% reduction in time taken to generate a cost estimate.

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A savings of up to 10% of the contract value through clash detections.


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Faster and more effective processes Lifecycle data

Better design

BENEFIT Controlled whole-life costs and environmental data

Better customer service Automated assembly

Fig. 2.2 Benefits of BIM. Source: Azhar et. al, 2009.

2.3 Disadvantages: •

Complexity of software used for BIM

•

Cost of software

•

Lack of BIM knowledge in India

•

BIM course is only available abroad

•

The computer system running these software needs high end specifications.


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2.4 BIM Implementation Implementation of BIM needs Expert who has knowledge of technology and is aware of software that are used in BIM, with their Specifications, merits and limitations.

BIM implementation action: After we defined the scope of BIM, we need a plan for starting (BIM roadmap). Expert: Take help of someone who knows about BIM to share his experience in this technology. To make sure everything is moving smoothly in creating a site model, the modeler should at least meet the following requirements: 

Have the basic knowledge of Site Design and Site MEP System.

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Familiar with the other BIM design software like Autodesk Revit Architecture, AutoCAD.

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Familiar with the site condition and environment around the proposed building

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Have access to the tutorial and other learning materials of the software that being used to create the site model, have a general idea of what are the basic elements that need to be defined first and how some basic functional tools works, what does the software have and what need to be defined by user himself as a family and so on.

Review: What is the value of benefit from this technology? 

Determine the processes which will be used.



Documentation.

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Testing & validation.

Before using BIM technology, one need to ask himself some question as following:


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

What are the processes needed to be used by BIM (design, visualization, simulate, document, operate or /and build)?



What is the scope definition (modeling, MEP, co-ordination, MEP shopdrawing, testing & commissioning etc.)?

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How can I use BIM in the project, tender & construction phases?

2.5 Software used in BIM. Many software are used in of BIM. Some of them which are mainly used by the different disciplines as are listed below.

2.5.1 Architecture 

Autodesk Revit Architecture



Graphisoft ArchiCAD



Nemetschek Allplan Architecture



Gehry Technologies - Digital Project Designer



Nemetschek Vectorworks Architect



Bentley Architecture



4MSA IDEA Architectural Design (IntelliCAD)



CADSoft Envisioneer



Softtech Spirit



RhinoBIM (BETA)

2.5.2 Sustainability 

Autodesk Ecotect Analysis



Autodesk Green Building Studio

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Graphisoft EcoDesigner



IES Solutions Virtual Environment VE-Pro

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Bentley Tas Simulator



Bentley Hevacomp


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

DesignBuilder

2.5.3 Structures 

Autodesk Revit Structure



Bentley Structural Modeler



Bentley RAM, STAAD and ProSteel

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Tekla Structures



CypeCAD



Graytec Advance Design



StructureSoft Metal Wood Framer



Nemetschek Scia



4MSA Strad and Steel

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Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis

2.5.4 MEP 

Autodesk Revit MEP



Bentley Hevacomp Mechanical Designer



4MSA FineHVAC + FineLIFT + FineELEC + FineSANI



Gehry Technologies - Digital Project MEP Systems Routing



CADMEP (CADduct / CADmech)

2.5.5 Construction (Simulation, Estimating and Const. Analysis) 

Autodesk Navisworks



Solibri Model Checker



Vico Office Suite



Bentley ConstrucSim



Tekla BIMSight



Glue (by Horizontal Systems)



Synchro Professional



Innovaya


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2.5.6 Facility Managment 

Bentley Facilities



FM:Systems FM:Interact



Vintocon ArchiFM (For ArchiCAD)



Onuma System



EcoDomus Source: www.google.com


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3. PROBLEM DEFINE


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3.1 Major problems in Building Construction. 

Clashes between different agencies.



Repetition of Work.



Co-ordination conflicts

3.1.1 Clashes between Different Disciplines: Clashes is one of the major problem in the building construction. Different Firms like Architectural, structural, Construction (ACE) & MEP (Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing) including Fire protection system are engaged in to the construction work. As the working methods of Different Agencies are different i.e. Architect gives details of Different plans, structural Engineer provides steel detail drawings of proposed site and same way plumber and electricians do it in their own manner problems are likely to arise on site execution work. Clashes mostly occurs between 

Architectural Systems vs Structural Systems



Architectural Systems vs Mechanical Systems



Architectural Systems vs Electrical Systems



Structural Systems vs Mechanical Systems



Structural Systems vs Electrical Systems



Mechanical Systems vs Electrical Systems

3.1.2 Co-ordination conflicts: As earlier said the different Disciplines are engaged in the Building construction and Authorities involved in planning and Execution level are also not the same. Due to this the loss of data, misinterpretation of data, misunderstanding, and mistakes in the understanding of plan can occur.


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3.1.3 Repetition of work. Due to Clashes in different disciplines it may require to dismantle certain portion and perform the task again due to false design. Causing repetition of work it increases the cost of the project increasing the material and labor cost, and also increases the project duration.

3.2 List of Problems. Working in a conventional System Creates lots of co-ordination problems Among Different Disciplines i.e. Architectural, Structural, MEP (mechanical, electrical & plumbing). As these all disciplines are different, working separately but their Works are likely to be merged, some of the common problems that are likely to occur are as follows: 

Actual realization of project for Non-technical persons: it is not easy to understand plans for the people who are from other than AEC industry. BIM providing 3D modelling gives actual realization of project before its completion.



Co-ordination problems among different disciplines.



Repetition of work



Time management.



Cost optimization



Conflict, interference & collision detection.


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4.Research Methodology


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4.1 Preface: Building information modeling is like a limitless ocean in case of research and study. This research is mainly done in two parts one of which is survey majorly concerned to BIM’s reputation among the numerous organizations, implementation of BIM, utilization at what extent, potential suggestions given by the firms and to differentiate BIM use at regional level as well as outsourcing etc. The preparation of detailed 3D BIM model is the final work of project which demonstrates the implementation of building information modeling in a residential project up to 3D level.

4.2 Questionnaire Survey on BIM: Form preparation: Initially it is necessary to study current status of BIM in AEC industry. And in order to accomplish the very purpose we carried out a survey. The survey questionnaire has eighteen questions enlightening the contemporary potentials of BIM and its credibility in construction industry. The main sources of the questions of this questionnaire form are internet (www.surveymonkey.com etc.) and research papers based on previously carried out surveys correlated to BIM. These questions targets the firms, organizations and companies as a whole, their employees’ knowledge about BIM and benefits they are having by using BIM. The survey form is disclosed in the research methodology.

Survey work and Experience: After evaluating questionnaire form for survey, another task is to approach different firms and organizations associated with architecture, structure, MEP, interior design and contractors, suppliers etc. First step towards it is to prepare a list of various firms to be surveyed. The list of firms was prepared by segregating Ahmedabad into small areas for ease. Then the firms were reached out one by one in each small area and data was collected by manual forms as well as using virtual google form prepared earlier for the survey purpose. During this survey, we mate different individuals related L. D. College of Engineering

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to our field of study and requested them to share their experiences with us. We are thankful for the tremendous support of AEC industry to complete the survey. After collecting enough data an excel sheet was prepared for analyzing the data. By comparing different attributes of this data the pie charts were produced for the better understanding of survey results.

4.3 Model Preparation: At this stage of the project we have elementary knowledge of BIM and its potential. All we need to do is to prepare an application to express proper implementation of BIM. The major requirement for the very purpose is to study a suitable software used in BIM, so we started learning Autodesk Revit which took a while. During that time number of construction sites were visited by us and a suitable working construction site was selected and we retrieved 2D drawings of the site from the owner for establishing basis of our 3D BIM model. After studying architectural (plan, elevation and section) and structural drawings of the residential building at the proposed site and with the knowledge of Revit a BIM model has prepared by considering detailed plan of building. Architectural 3D model was first prepared and then the structural elements of the building was implemented in the 3D model. We also modified our BIM model as the alterations in layouts have been made during construction. Which is the simple task as we are using one of the BIM supported software (Revit). This 3D model has highly accurate dimensions and no clashes among different agencies. Following attachments are the data collected for case study of a residential building construction project.


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5. Data Collection


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5.1 Questionnaire Survey Data: In the survey all the data and information was collected in the form of simple answers of the following form. Each question of this form requests for specific set of answers varies between a range. The data collected like an individual’s name, company name, email-ID etc. is confidential. In addition, designations of individuals were collected as the valuable information to predict the utility level of BIM in firms. Moreover, data was collected on the size of the firms and are their employees familiar with BIM? And if yes, are they currently using BIM in any of their projects? just to know the primary functions of BIM, that are being used by the organizations. The name of softwares, that are being used for local work and outsourcing work in Ahmedabad is also collected as a part of the BIM survey. During survey, information was also collected to know economy level for using BIM which also reports that BIM utilization is cost effective or not based on collected replies. It is also required to find out the difficulties in implementation of BIM like cost, training of employees, softwares and industrial collaboration etc. The survey data also collected to know how the companies manage to find the skillful BIM employees or they provide training courses for employees to be skilled. At the end the data also accumulated to know the opinion of individuals about benefits of BIM like cost saving, improve communication, increase delivery speed and error reduction using BIM professionally is working out or not. And finally, the rating for BIM implementation in industry is collected based on experiences to understand current status of compatibility of BIM with construction industry. This data is collected by using following form:-


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30



31



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5.2 Model Data: To perform accurate implementation of application of building information modeling in construction project and to generate 3D BIM model we required to collect data on the construction project previously selected. We requested field engineer and owner to obtain data about site plan, section, elevation and layouts etc. Moreover, we collected separate data of architectural and structural detailed drawings. For fully efficient model we time to time collected revised plans and layout drawings from the site engineer. This data is attached as follows:-


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Fig. Typical floor plan (Architectural) The above drawing is the typical floor plan prepared using CAD. It gives information about the dimensions of various elements of building appear in plan view. In order to create a 3D model we also required section and elevation details of the construction project.


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Fig. Detailing of ground floor slab and beam This is one of the detailing work obtained by us in order to understand the structure and its detailed work in order to generate a 3D BIM model. Other detailed work gathered is details of foundation, details of beam and column positions and cross sections, detailing of basement etc.


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Fig. Ground floor detailed working drawing This CAD file shows the detailed working drawing of the construction project including center to center column positions and plot area.


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6.Data Analysis

6.1. Survey Analysis:The data obtained by the survey is analyzed and presented in the form of pie charts below:-


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Your company falls in which of the following category?

14.86% Architectural 1.35%

Civil Engineering

6.76%

39.19%

Fabrication/Supplier

1.35% 1.35%

Interior design Mechanical Engineering MEP Structural

35.14%

The survey is carried out in Ahmedabad region and various architectural, civil and mechanical, interior designing, MEP and structural firms are covered from which almost 75% of all firms are belonged to architectural and civil engineering field.

Your Job Title? 1.35%

1.35% Architect Architect Assistant Assistant Manager

22.97% 29.73%

1.35% 1.35% 1.35%

1.35%

8.11% 21.62%

1.35% 2.70%

CAD Operator Contractor Director

1.35%


CAD Designer CAD Manager

2.70% 1.35%

BIM Manager

Engineer

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The employees and owners are interviewed during this survey mostly has the designation of architect, engineer and CAD designer.

Are You Familiar with Building Information Modeling (BIM)?

40.54%

No Yes

59.46%

The survey data illustrates that almost 60% of all the firms surveyed have already knowledge about what is BIM.

2.50%

What Relevance does BIM have for You ? 5.00%

0.00%

2.50% All of Above Cost Reduction

12.50%

20.00%

Growth & Innovation Life-Cycle Management Performance efficiency

20.00%

Remain Competitive Sustainability

35.00%

Time Saving 2.50%

(blank)

Most of the employees answered that relevance of BIM is its performance efficiency, cost benefits, growth and innovation. L. D. College of Engineering

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Are you using BIM in any Current Project?

32.43% No Yes 67.57%

The survey data shows that only 32% of all firms, companies or organizations surveyed are using BIM in their current projects.

Count of 11. Which BIM tool (Software) do you use for the project ? 2.44% 7.32%

4.88% 9.76% Autodesk Naviswork Autodesk Revit Bentley Graphisoft Archicad 75.61%

TEKLA

The most used BIM tool is Autodesk Revit. More than 75% employees are committed that they are using Revit for the best outcome of BIM implementation.


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Which kind of benefits you found in your project while using BIM ? Cost Saving

0.00%

Improve Collaboration & Communication 27.91%

37.21%

Increase in delivery speed Project Specific

11.63% Reduce Clashes 2.33%

20.93% (blank)

The survey data illustrate the various BIM use in which Reduction of clashes is the most useful advantage of BIM which is followed by the use of BIM for cost saving, increase in delivery speed and collaboration as well as project specification etc.

What are the issues you faced while implementing BIM in the workplace ? 4.88% Communication 21.95% 43.90%

Cost Industry Collaboration Not sure

17.07%

Software Training

9.76% 2.44%

Most of the firms faced problems of training the staff or finding BIM users for implementation BIM in workplace. Which is followed by the problems of initial software cost, industry collaboration as the concept of BIM is not fully grown.


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Give Rating based on BIM use.

31.11%

Excellent

31.11%

Fare Good Slightly Good 2.22%

4.44%

Very Good

31.11%

The ratings for BIM on the basis of the use of BIM describes that BIM has shown the equivalent performance on the scale of excellent, very good and good.

6.2 3D BIM Model:Figure below is the 3D model generated using collected data. This model shows both architectural and structural detailing. When we click on any member of this model like wall, windows, doors, railings, stairs, columns, beams etc., we are able to see the properties of the selection as well as modification options.


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Fig. BIM 3D architectural model It is generated from the architectural plan, section, elevation and structural details of previously collected data. In BIM any alteration in plan, section or elevation can be directly implemented throughout the project and saves the valuable time. Revit is used as a BIM tool for generating the BIM model. BIM model’s visualization aid helps in reducing clashing of various disciplines. Moreover we can move to any view from plan to section to elevation to 3D at any time in an instance for surety of the accurate structure as all the views are interlinked and can be saved in a single project file


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Fig. Architectural plan This architectural plan includes the dimensions of various parts of typical floor of the building. But the most important thing about this plan is that we can observe its three dimensional version while we are working on plans through taking sections. Some of the sections are shown below.


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Fig. Various sectional views By taking number of sectional views we can easily determine which disciplines are clashing with each other and the problem can be eliminated even before the actual construction started.


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Fig. Structural frame The facility of defining structural frame model from the complete BIM model is provided by BIM to ensure the stabilty of the structure. With this helping hand we can easily observ the structural data and we can also change the data if it seems problamatic. We can also take sections of this structural frames as shown in figure-


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6.3 Conclusion:We can conclude from the survey results that BIM has shown significant growth as compared to the past decade and construction industry has come a long way with BIM as the acceptance of BIM among the various fields is increasing with a nominal rate which might increase rapidly in future. Moreover, the case study of BIM provides better level of detailing and coordination among the different disciplines and provides helping hand to the industry for proper growth. The case study reveals that the BIM implementation in construction project is early problem defining, cost and time saving, high accuracy in dimensions and visualization.


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