MAYFEB Journal of Agricultural Science - ISSN 2371-512X Vol 4 (2016) - Pages 12-19
Application of Microsoft Access Relational Database for Pesticide Decision Taking and Selection Donyo Ganchev, Agricultural University- Plovdiv, Bulgaria,
[email protected] Aneliya Kutseva, Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre,
[email protected] Abstract- The relational database system with Microsoft Access was created in order to correct and quick pesticide selection and decision taking on the basis of approved plant protection products list (catalogues) in the Republic of Bulgaria, issued by Bulgarian Food Safety Agency. The information for approved plant protection products was complemented with classification according to the mode of action of the active substances and their chemical groups for the proper integrated resistance management, easy and correct selection of the pesticides in accordance with their properties and target pests. Such kind easy to be created and managed relational database can be in aid of different agricultural specialist (agronomist, agroscientists, plant protection distributors and sellers, international and national pesticide regulation experts and etc.) Keywords: pesticides, plant protection products, Microsoft Access, database, integrated resistance management.
I.
INTRODUCTION
The correct and quick plant protection products selection according to the given pest, treated plants, abiotic conditions of the treatment and given pesticide properties is critical in the plant protection practice and correct pest management (plant protection), especially in the area of integrated pest management and organic agriculture. In Bulgaria, the local government authority institution - Bulgarian Food Safety Agency issue the approved plant protection products list (catalogues) as pdf files (different lists for different pesticides types: fungicides, insecticides, herbicides and etc.) published in the official website of the institution [1]. The structure of the list (catalogue) is in the form of a table, example of which is shown and translated into English in Fig.1.
Figure1. Structure of the approved plant protection products list (catalogue) in the Republic of Bulgaria issued by Bulgarian Food Safety Agency.
The table is consists of 9 columns represented the different properties of the approved plant protection products which filled the rows of the table.
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MAYFEB Journal of Agricultural Science - ISSN 2371-512X Vol 4 (2016) - Pages 12-19
The first column is the number of plant protection products sorted by alphabetical order. The second column contains information about of the registered name of plant protection product, the name of its producer and can contain additional information as a number and the final term of the validity of the license. The third column shows the information about the active substance and the amount of substance in the given plant protection product expressed as gram or milliliter per kilogram or liter. The column number 4 contain information about registered doses expressed as gram or milliliter plant protection product per dekar (1 dekar = 0.1 hectares) or percent concentration registered to drain of pesticide solution with water = 100 l/dekar. The column number 5 contain the pest which can be controlled by given plant protection product. The column number 5 shows information about LD50, number 6 column - information for the post-harvest intervals for treated culture plants [2]. The column number 6 contains information for the category of use usage. In Bulgaria there is three plant protection category of usage according to the Bulgarian plant protection act [3].: •
first professional - require certificate
•
second professional - require certificate
•
free - pesticides can be sell and used from individuals over 18 years age
Represented by this way, the information about approved plant protection products have several flaws: •
The information is arranged (sorted) on the basis of the names of the plant protection products, not on the basis
of culture plants, pests or active substances. However, one farmer always breed one or several numbers of culture plants and respectively order/purchase pesticides needed, on the basis of culture i.e. for farmers is more comfortable plant protection products to be arranged in the Bulgarian Food Safety Plant Protection Lists (catalogues) according to the cultural plants, not according to their names. The local plant protection products distributors on the other hand manage their business as on the basis of cultural plants which are bred in the given region, as on the basis of active substances in order to provide plant protection products on the basis of different active substances from different MoA (Major) groups for prevention and integrated resistance management. For them the dates of the final terms of the validity of the licenses of the plant protection products are also very important as well as the category of use. On the third-hand agricultural scientists (entomologist, phytopathologists, herbologists) usually conduct their studies on the basis of given pest and culture [4]. •
There is no information about mode of action of the active substances listed in the tables [16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22,
23]. Тhere is no comfortable way for comparison of plant protection products - on the basis of one active substance commonly are registered several plant protection products in different formulations, doses and spectrum of pests. For overcoming of the above-mentioned flaws in plant protection products list (catalogues) a simple, easy to be understand and use relational system database with Ms. Access 2007 [5], was created in order to provide more comfortable quick and proper selection of plant protection products for treatments and respectively – controlling the pests i.e. correct and effective pest management. The application of the relational system databases in the area of plant protection gain increasing popularity during recent years [6, 7, 8, 9]. The Ms. Access is the most common user-friendly relational database software available for people, part of Microsoft Office [5]. It is easy to be learn, create, use and manage the created with it databases. During recent years there is increasing popularity of this software in the area of pest management (plant protection) [10, 11, 12].
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MAYFEB Journal of Agricultural Science - ISSN 2371-512X Vol 4 (2016) - Pages 12-19
II.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Ms Access 2007 [5], was used for the creation of simple and easy to be understand, use and manage relational database for a proper and quick selection of the necessary plant protection products according to the given abiotic, biotic and anthropogenic requirements [13, 14, 15], in the area of agriculture (pest management) on the base of catalogues (lists) of approved plant protection products issued by Bulgarian Food Safety Agency. III.
RESULTS
The database is composed of four tables with One - to Many relations between them. The main table called “PPP” (Plant Protection Products) consists of 9 columns represent different properties of one plant protection product: •
name
•
producer
•
date of license issue
•
date of license termination
•
formulation
•
type (fungicide, insecticide, herbicide and others)
•
percent active substance/substances in the given plant protection product
•
LD50 - lethal dose with kill 50 % of tested animal population (rat)
•
category of use
To the "name" is attached primary key and this field is used for the creation of relations with other tables. The second table is called “as” (active substance) and contains fields: •
name - the same field as in the PPP table without a Primary key for the creation of One- to - Many relation
•
percent of the given active substance in the given plant protection product
•
name of the active substance
•
Major (MoA) group [16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23]
•
Target-site group [16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23]
•
chemical group [16, 17, 18, 19, 20]
•
the number of a target-site group [16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23]
Between PPP table and as table there is One- to Many relation. The table number 3 is called “plant” and contains information about treated cultural plants with given plant protection product. There are 4 columns in the table: •
name - the same field as in the PPP table without a Primary key for the creation of One- to - Many relation
•
ID - auto number with primary key for creation of One- to - Many relation with the another table – “pest”
•
name of the plant culture
•
post-harvest interval (PHI) of the given plant protection product for the given cultural plant [24]
Between PPP table and plant table, there is another One- to- Many relation. The last table is called “pest” and contain information about pests controlled by the given plant protection product. The fields are: •
ID - number value for creation of One- to - Many relation with a “plant” table
•
dose - number value contain the dosed for the pests controlled by the given plant protection product expressed
as gram or milliliter per dekar (0.1 hectares) [27] •
field breeding - Yes/No value field determines is that plant protection product can be used according to the pest
on given plant in the field condition
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MAYFEB Journal of Agricultural Science - ISSN 2371-512X Vol 4 (2016) - Pages 12-19
•
Greenhouse breeding - Yes/No value field determines is that plant protection product can be used according to
the pest on given plant in the greenhouse condition •
pest - the name of the pests controlled by the given plant protection product
The relational model of the database [26], is shown in Fig.2:
Figure 2. The relational model of the database.
On the basis of the main table PPP, a form was created for better information presentation and comfortable input [27]Fig.3 and Fig.4:
Figure 3. PPP form part one.
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MAYFEB Journal of Agricultural Science - ISSN 2371-512X Vol 4 (2016) - Pages 12-19
Figure 4. PPP form part two.
After the creation of simple query user can quickly rearrange information about pesticides on the basis of plant cultures and plant protection products registered for their treatment [28] - Fig 5:
Figure 5. User query for arranging plant protection products on the base of cultural plants.
Similar query can be created in the form showed in Fig.6:
Figure 6. User query for arranging plant protection products on the base of cultural plants with MoA groups, pests and doses.
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MAYFEB Journal of Agricultural Science - ISSN 2371-512X Vol 4 (2016) - Pages 12-19
Running such kind query provide very practical information for the farmers - rearrange pesticides information according to the plants, plant protection products registered for the given plant culture, their producer, the mode of action of the active substances (MoA groups) [16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23], pest which they controlled and registered doses. For the purpose of agricultural scientific research, the most comfortable selection of the pesticides is on the basis of pests - Fig.7:
Figure 7. User query for arranging plant protection products on the base of pests with doses, plant protection products, formulations, pesticide type, category of use, active substance and MoA groups.
For the plant protection distributors, for example, the more typical arrangement of pesticides information is showed in Fig.8 with primary index - category of use which is very important for the pesticide traders and especially retail sellers:
Figure 8. User query for arranging plant protection products on the base of category of use, plant protection products, producer, active substances, plants and pests.
The presented queries in Fig. 5, 6, 7 and 8 can be quickly transformed in reports with Access [26], or can be modified with using specific query criteria and wild cards [30]. As shown in Fig.9 the extracted fungicides registered for wheat arranged (order) according to the pathogens (sorted by alphabetical order), plant protection products, active substances, MoA groups, doses and category of use:
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MAYFEB Journal of Agricultural Science - ISSN 2371-512X Vol 4 (2016) - Pages 12-19
Figure 9. User query for arranging plant protection products (fungicides) for wheat treatment.
IV.
CONCLUSIONS
Microsoft Access as a relational database software can provide easy to learn, create, use and manage solutions for a proper and quick selection of the plant protection products according to the given factors and needs. The presented database is extremely simple and easy to be understood even for the people with limited computer software skills and knowledge. Although it‘s simplicity such kind of relational database can be extremely useful for a variety of specialists working with pesticides - agronomists, farmers, agricultural scientists, ecologists, pesticide shop managers, sellers etc. Once created the database can be constantly improved with new features - for example: the name, the address and telephone of the local distributors of the given plant protection products, their prices, their amounts in the given store of the given farm or pesticide shop etc. Providing plant protection products information by such king of way can be viable and much more practical and useful alternative than simple plant protection products lists (catalogues) in the form of Ms. Word table issued by Bulgarian Food Safety Agency. Using relational databases for pesticides (plant protection products) selection can lead to better resistance management, better effectiveness of the pesticides as well as better conservation and preservation of the environment and human health and life, especially in the case of using toxic and dangerous substances like pesticides REFERENCES [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18]
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