APPLICATIONS AND AVAILABILITY OF THE INTERNET OF THINGS AND M2M CONCEPTS IN EDUCATION AREA
Fatma BÜYÜKSARAÇOĞLU SAKALLI Trakya University, Engineering Faculty, Computer Engineering Department,
[email protected],Edirne/Turkey Deniz Mertkan GEZGİN Trakya University, Education Faculty, Computer Education and Instructional Technology Department,
[email protected],Edirne/Turkey Suna TAŞTEKİN Trakya University, Institute of Natural Sciences, Computational Science,
[email protected], Edirne/Turkey
Abstract IoT is defined as a technology that in anywhere and at any time, every object can be connected with together. Also, about IoT we can say that technology is consisted of intelligent network based on all of the objects can be perceived with some perception techniques, identified of various protocols and communicating these objects with each other. Although, basics of IoT is laid to end of the 20.Centuries, it cannot be developed because of highly cost of equipment and inability of technological in that times. But in last years, works about IOT are rised for the reason that used in MCT are developed and costs of equipments that used in technology are declined. Particularly, the development of communication technology (M2M) is thought as a part of ecosystem of IoT and a basis of this concept. Thanks to this development, it is possible to develop systems for facilitating human life about health, environment, intelligent transportation, intelligent network, and observation. So, there are some questions in education field about using of this technology and implementation. 1. Could M2M concepts in IoT and its ecosystem be used in education -training? 2. Have smart structures already used? 3. Could smart structures be set in every stage of education - training? 4. Are there ways that facilitating education - training? In this study those questions will be answered. Applications which are done by recent day and department literature will be examined. Also its usage in education will be argued and suggestions will be put forward.
Keywords: M2M, Education, IoT, Internet of Things, Machine to Machine
INTRODUCTION Technology’s rapid development shows that an age of new computer programs that affect and surely make our lives easier is really close. But oncoming technologic developments will affect us from every point even more; soon our future will be filled with small processors that simultaneously communicate with each other and considering small sizes and cheap prices these will be integrated with most of the daily objects [15]. This technological integration brought out two concepts named Internet of Things (IOT) and Machine to Machine (M2M). IOT is a term can be explained as, all of the objects’ communication to each other with technological infrastructures. M2M is another term that defined as, to get machines communicate each other without a human interaction and storage of the data gained through this communication. Additionally, M2M represents a new type of application that data’s mutual flow from physical and biological environments [13]. The concept of M2M has come so far that technological companies use this term frequently. Most of the big technological companies create M2M related special teams and they have begun to develop new projects. Because of the vastness of use and changes of business models, M2M seriously changes lives of both individuals and companies [10]. Also thanks to M2M revolution and use of new generation services, in the coming 10 years industries’ use of intelligent and networked equipments will anticipate a serious grow of industries [14]. Along with the Vehicle Surveillance which has become most important use of M2M, from Medical Automation to intelligent home devices, there are unlimited potentials of M2M and they are being used in lots of fields already. Reading meters, logistics, ATMs and POS devices and even cash registers for financial services side, agriculture and livestock, construction security are some areas which importance of M2M increases. In the course of time attempts to expand advantages of M2M technologies to every field have begun in these sectors. Regarding this subject, contributions of M2M substructures and applications to education are being thought [11]. In our work, technological substructures, fields of use and usability for educational institution of this technology will be discussed and recommendations will be given against problems.
THE INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) The Internet of Things (IoT) is a novel paradigm that is rapidly gaining ground in the scenario of modern wireless telecommunications. The basic idea of this concept is the pervasive presence around us of a variety of things or objects – such as RadioFrequency IDentification (RFID) tags, sensors, actuators, mobile phones, etc. – which, through unique addressing schemes, are able to interact with each other and cooperate with their neighbours to reach common goals [8]. Unquestionably, the main strength of the IoT idea is the high impact it will have on several aspects of everydaylife and behaviour of potential users. From the point of view of a private user, the most obvious effects of the IoT introduction will be visible in both working and domestic fields. In this context, domestics, assisted living, e-health, enhanced learning are only a few examples of possible application scenarios in which the new paradigm will play a leading role in the near future. Similarly, from the perspective of business users, the most apparent consequences will be equally visible in fields such as, automation and industrial manufacturing, logistics, business/process management, intelligent transportation of people and goods.
Several industrial, standardization and research bodies are currently involved in the activity of development of solutions to fulfill the highlighted technological requirements. This survey gives a picture of the current state of the art on the IoT. More specifically, it:
provides the readers with a description of the different visions of the Internet of Things paradigm coming from different scientific communities; reviews the enabling technologies and illustrates which are the major benefits of spread of this paradigm in everyday-life; Offers an analysis of the major research issues the scientific community still has to face.
Manifold definitions of Internet of Things traceable within the research community testify to the strong interest in the IoT issue and to the vivacity of the debates on it. By browsing the literature, an interested reader might experience a real difficulty in understanding what IoT really means, which basic ideas stand behind this concept, and which social, economic and technical implications the full deployment of IoT will have. The reason of today apparent fuzziness around this term is a consequence of the name ‘‘Internet of Things” itself, which syntactically is composed of two terms. The first one pushes towards a network oriented vision of IoT, while the second one moves the focus on generic ‘‘objects” to be integrated into a common framework. Differences, sometimes substantial, in the IoT visions raise from the fact that stakeholders, business alliances, research and standardization bodies start approaching the issue from either an ‘‘Internet oriented” or a ‘‘Things oriented” perspective, depending on their specific interests, finalities and backgrounds. It shall not be forgotten, anyway, that the words ‘‘Internet” and ‘‘Things”, when put together, assume a meaning which introduces a disruptive level of innovation into today ICT world. In fact, ‘‘Internet of Things” semantically means ‘‘a world-wide network of interconnected objects uniquely addressable, based on standard communication protocols” [9]. This implies a huge number of (heterogeneous) objects involved in the process. The object unique addressing and the representation and storing of the exchanged information become the most challenging issues, bringing directly to a third, ‘‘Semantic oriented”, perspective of IoT. In Fig. 1, the main concepts, technologies and standards are highlighted and classified with reference to the IoT vision/s they contribute to characterize best. From such an illustration, it clearly appears that the IoT paradigm shall be the result of the convergence of the three main visions addressed above.
Fig. 1. ‘‘Internet of Things” paradigm as a result of the convergence of different visions. Potentialities offered by the IoT make possible the development of a huge number of applications, of which only a very small part is currently available to our society. Many are the domains and the environments in which new applications would likely improve the quality of our lives: at home, while travelling, when sick, at work, when jogging and at the gym, just to cite a few. These environments are now equipped with objects with only primitive intelligence, most of times without any communication capabilities. Giving these objects the possibility to communicate with each other and to elaborate the information perceived from the surroundings imply having different environments where a very wide range of applications can be deployed. These can be grouped into the following domains (see Fig.2):
Transportation and logistics domain. Healthcare domain. Smart environment (home, office, plant) domain. Personal and social domain [8].
Fig. 2. Applications domains and relevant major scenarios
MACHINE TO MACHINE (M2M) Wireless Communication technology can be used for four distinct types of communication:
Human-to-human communication Human-to-machine communication Machine-to-human communication Machine-to-machine communication
M2M Definition from Numerex: “M2M uses a device (sensor, meter, etc.) to capture an ‘event’ (temperature, inventory level, etc.), which is relayed through a network (wireless, wired or hybrid) to an application (software program), that translates the captured event into meaningful information (e.g., items need to be restocked).” The Internet of 50 Billion Intelligent Devices (Internet of Things). A large number of intelligent machines sharing information and making decisions without direct human intervention. Also named Machine Type Communication (MTC) in 3GPP Embedded Mobile (Internet)/Internet of Things M2M Architecture consists of three interlinked domains:
M2M Device Domain Network Domain Application Domain
Fig.1. M2M Architecture
M2M Device Domain
M2M Device: A device capable of replying to request for data contained within that device or capable of transmitting data contained within those devices autonomously M2M Area Network: Provide connectivity between M2M Devices and M2M Gateways M2M Gateway: Use M2M capabilities to ensure M2M Devices inter-working and interconnection to the communication network Architecture …
Network Domain
M2M Communication Networks: Communications between the M2M Gateway(s) and M2M application E.g. Access Networks (xDSL, LTE, WiMAX, and WLAN) and Internet
Applications Domain
M2M Applications: Contains the middleware layer where data goes through various application services and is used by the specific business-processing engines [1]. APPLICATION SCENARIOS OF M2M SYSTEM M2M along with Internet of Things extends human life in a diverse way. Facilitation of autonomous M2M communications to handle the interaction of cyber and physical systems, in addition to fundamental technologies, relies on corresponding application scenarios [5, 6]. Namely but not an exhaustive list, Smart home/office. Smart community and smart city. Environmental and ecology monitoring for safety, disasters, agriculture, etc. Surveillance. Energy-efficient control such as smart grid. Healthcare. Factory automation. Intelligent vehicles. Wireless robotics. Such applications communications.
suggest
further
technology
opportunities
in
M2M
Energy efficient wireless communications and networks. Spectrum efficient communications and networks. Scalable communication networks. Information-centric networks (with capability of information fusion, innetwork computation, and data analysis/mining). Addressing and index, mobility management, service discovery, and middleware. Security and privacy. Green devices for communication and computing.
CONCLUSIONS Through our researches, M2M technology has came out to make its mark on next 10 years. Thanks to technological substructure’s foundation and supports from various companies, M2M’s usability has increased and system’s installation, usage cost has decreased. In our work, which sectors use this technology and advantages of it can be seen. Furthermore this technology’s use for educational fields is being thought to bring advantages. These can be integration of currently used intelligent office/home and energy implementations to educational institutions. Heading out from this idea,
emerging of new concepts like intelligent structures, intelligent laboratories are very natural. When we look at educational institutions, if we need to give an example after lessons at computer laboratory, there is a problem that students leave the class without closing the computers, first of all this problem leads to security problems and energy saving problems. That’s why for security, energy saving of all the electronic devices in the laboratory and also the security of the building, M2M technology’s usability should be thought. Also we can give examples for laboratories’ usage, from climatization devices to computer opening/closing and lightening of the environment can be made much easier and safer with this said technology. With intelligent laboratory environments, it can be said that as one of the education environments, computer laboratories’ education quality can be increased. With this technology, students’ environment can be made more comfortable and more technologic. This way a lecturer can prepare environment with a mobile message before coming into classroom. In education institutions, with the intelligent building concept, thanks to power meter’s distant on/off procedure, required on/off procedures can be done without sending a personnel to a specific location. Thus, savings from security and operation costs can be done. Also with mobile technologies’ development and spread, this technology’s usage with mobile devices shows an importance. Thanks to this, getting several machine messages, making manipulations and briefings from these messages are thought to be important for students, administrators and academics.
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