ArGUS Monitoring Prototype : A Security Sentry Support

ArGUS Monitoring Prototype : A Security Sentry Support Cecilia A. Mercado

Lex Leo A. Gorospe

Ria Andrea F. Nana

Saint Louis University [email protected]

Saint Louis University [email protected]

Saint Louis University [email protected]

Janzen N. Chan

Sharmayne S. Chavez

Jandy L. Palasi

Saint Louis University [email protected]

Saint Louis University [email protected]

Saint Louis University [email protected]

Andrien B. Pecson Saint Louis University [email protected]

ABSTRACT The use of open source hardware development platform such as the Arduino has grown in various application areas in the recent years. Security is an application area where the Arduino platform can be used. An important security aspect is monitoring. This paper intends to explore an alternative open source hardware solution in the development of a prototype of a security monitoring device integrating security measures in terms of intrusion detection, alert notification and remote controlled intervention. Using a thorough review of existing resources, the appropriate resources was identified. The hardware configuration was guided by hardware architecture design and the integration of the resources was guided by a software system model. Five modules were developed to functionally operate the prototype: these are the Intrusion Detection and SMS Notification Module, Camera Streaming Module, Autonomous Patrolling Module, DTMF Controller Module and GSM Controller Module.

Categories and Subject Descriptors I.2.9. [Robotics] : Autonomous vehicles and sensors

General Terms Algorithms, Security

Keywords Arduino, GSM, DTMF, SMS

I.

INTRODUCTION

Illegal intrusion leads to different adverse effects that are very much detrimental to safety and security. One of the motives behind illegal intrusion is robbery which is the unlawful taking away of property by force with the intention of permanently depriving the owner of those

Paule John Patrick R. Macusi University PauleSaint JahnLouis Patrick R. Macusi [email protected] items, burglary, the breaking and entering and stealing of property, arson, and vandalism. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation [6], a total of 5,014 robberies and 60 burglaries were reported in the US in the year 2011. Aside from these, arson also takes place which involves the setting of fire or burning down one’s own property. During the year 2007-2011 there was an estimated 282,600 intentional fires reported by U.S. fire departments each year, with associated annual losses of 420 civilian deaths, 1,360 civilian injuries, and $1.3 billion in direct property damage[4]. Vandalism, a willful destruction of a person’s property also counts as an effect to illegal intrusion. Even though vandalism is a light offense, it still destructs one’s property and may lead to worse consequences. From the report of Bra [3] a Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention, there were approximately 151,000 criminal damage offenses reported in 2014, which is an increase by 7 percent from the previous year, and one of the most common kinds criminal damage is vandalism. In the Philippines, robbery is the most common cause of illegal intrusion. According to the Philippine National Police [8], the civilian national police force of the Philippines, there were 289,189 cases reported from January to May 2014, up from 245,347 incidents in the year 2013. Among these cases, robbery cases rose from 4,510 to 5,189. Robbery has been rampant which may appear in different forms and in different ways. There are security measures at the present that are used in preventing these kinds of situations. The traditional foot patrolling is the most common form of security. As defined in foot patrol is the backbone of monitoring, the central aspect of police operations, and the center of police activity [12]. It is a police tactic or technique that involves movement around an identified area for the purpose of observation, inspection or security. Since it is based on the allocation of officers between spatial areas, it was also a method of organizing policing resources and managing policing personnel.

With the advancement of technology, another form of security measure is the CCTV (Closed-circuit Television). A CCTV relies on strategic placement of cameras, and observation of the camera's input through its control unit. Because the cameras communicate with monitors and/or video recorders across a private coaxial cable or wireless communication links. They gain the designation "closedcircuit" to indicate that access to their content is limited only to authorize personnel [9]. Motion detection can be another form of security measure. It has become an essential ingredient in traditional electronic security and now it is being utilized in access control and video surveillance systems. Motion sensing technology has made huge advances since the introduction of PIR (Passive Infrared) and MW (Microwave) technologies [7]. Because of these concerns, the study aimed to develop a prototype that would provide an alternative solution for security monitoring using an open source hardware platform specifically the Arduino. While there can be various processes and resources involved in security monitoring, this study would only cover the processes of intrusion detection, alert notification and remote controlled intervention. This prototype will be called ArGUS meaning “Arduino-based Guardian Utility Service”. The name was derived from the term “Argus-eyed” which meant vigilantly observant. Through the library developed as an output of this study, the researchers hope that this would serve as a springboard to future developments that can assist in community development. The researchers also support the increased awareness on the use of open source hardware in the development of the prototype.

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework Paradigm. Given the security monitoring aspects that will be handled in the study, the appropriate resources have been identified. From the architecture design that will integrate the security monitoring aspect, the hardware resources are then configured A system model to integrate the hardware resources also guided the development of library modules. The output of the study is an operational prototype and a library that can handle security measures in terms of intrusion detection, alert notification and remote controlled intervention.

1.1. The Problem A number of solutions for monitoring processes are already existing in some organizations. This study intends to explore an alternative solution to the development of a security monitoring device using an open-source hardware. It also intends to develop a library for it. Depending on the requirements of the organization, the resources and the monitoring processes can vary. Specifically, the research intends to answer the following question: What are the required resources, in terms of hardware and software, and how can it be appropriately configured and integrated in an Arduino-based platform to address the security measures in terms of: a. b. c.

Intrusion detection Alert notification Remote controlled intervention

Using the I-P-O framework, Figure 1 presents how the study was guided.

2. METHODOLOGY This study used a prototype development research. In the development of prototypes that can address security monitoring aspects of intrusion detection, alert notification and remote control intervention, three major activities were done. These include the identification of resources, the hardware configuration and integration of appropriate resources. The identification of the appropriate resources was done through a thorough review of the existing resources. The hardware configuration of ArGUS is guided by the hardware architecture design as seen in Figure 2. The system development is guided by the software system model design as presented in Figure 10. It also shows the interaction and flow of the system across the various modules. To ensure the appropriate functionality of the modules, a number of testing activities has been done, which is also presented in the discussions. The algorithms developed for each module of the library are likewise presented.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSIONS This section presents the results of the study and discussions on the three major activities of this study: identification of appropriate resources, hardware configuration and integration of the resources. Along with this, are the discussion on the five modules that were developed to functionally operate the prototype and the challenges faced by the researchers in the development of the study. Also includes the testing of the prototype to ensure its functionality.

3.1. Resources for Security Monitoring Processes. While there are a number of areas where security monitoring can be measured, this study covered only the aspects of intrusion detection, notification and remote controlled intervention.The hardware resources used in the development of ArGUS include the Arduino UNO microcontroller, five channel line tracking sensor, mobile platform, GSM (Global System for Communications) shield, PIR motion sensor, wireless network IP (Internet Protocol) camera, motor shield and DTMF (Dual Tone Multi Frequency) decoder.

3.2. Configuration Resources

of

Figure 3. Designed Test Track for Patrolling. According to J. Quer [10], the Arduino UNO is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 (a single chip microcontroller). The board also has a 32 KB flash memory.

Hardware

The block diagram in Figure 2 shows how the hardware components of the ArGUS were connected to the Arduino UNO microcontroller

Figure 4. Arduino UNO Microcontroller.

Figure 2. Block Diagram of the ArGUS

3.2.1. The Setup The researchers designed a line track (see Figure 3) where the patrolling of the prototype could be tested. The test track used in the study was the robotic line following tiles from robotsquare.com . It was setup in an L-shaped pattern with a length of approximately six meters placed in a hallway having an approximate of one meter width.

The microcontroller serves as the storage of the library created and the interpreter of the modules implemented on the library. This microcontroller is the heart of the ArGUS where all of the identified hardware resources are connected. According to e-Gizmo Mechatronix Central [5], distributor of DIY electronics kits, the five channel line tracking sensor was designed for mobile tracking line applications, the five infrared reflective sensors would reliably detect dark lines printed over the light colored surface. In this study, the five channel line tracking sensor is responsible for the detection of the black track that was made for the prototype. The black line directs where the ArGUS will patrol. The output pins are connected to the assigned analog pins A0, A1, A2, A3 and A4 of the Arduino UNO microcontroller. The 5V and ground pin of the tracking sensor is connected to the breadboard and is connected to the ground of Arduino UNO microcontroller. It is attached in front of the platform facing the line track with an estimate of 2mm above the surface as shown on Figure 5.

setup.

Figure 7. DTMF Decoder.

Figure 5. Line track and Five Channel Line Tracking Sensor Set-up. The mobile platform was a recycled toy tank robot that served as the base frame of the ArGUS. It was also used for powering the movement of the ArGUS and only works on flat surfaces. A motor shield seen in Figure 6 is used to manipulate the speed and rotation of the DC (Direct Current) motor of the platform. The digital pin numbers 8, 9, 10, 11 of the motor shield, connect to the same digital pin of the Arduino UNO microcontroller. The 5V and ground pin of the motor shield is connected to the breadboard that is connected to the ground of the Arduino UNO microcontroller. The DC motors of the mobile platform were connected to the output pins +A, -A, +B, -B of the motor shield. A separate 9V 175 mAh battery was also used in powering the motor shield together with the DC motor of the mobile platform. The GSM shield shown in Figure 6 allows the Arduino UNO microcontroller to be able to send and receive SMS Short Message Service) and make voice calls by implementing the GSM library. This shield gave the ArGUS the capability to receive and send SMS from and to the authorized personnel

The PIR sensor is referred to as “Pyroelectric” or “IR motion” sensors. According to Adafruit industries [1], a manufacturer of DIY electronics kits, the PIR sensor allows you to sense motion and this simple device was used as the motion sensor of ArGUS. It has three pins- the positive, output and negative. The positive pin will be connected to the breadboard that is connected to the 5V pin of the Arduino UNO microcontroller. The output pin is connected to the 13th digital pin while the negative pin is connected to the breadboard and to the ground of the Arduino UNO microcontroller. According to M. Rousse [11], the DTMF serves as the signal to the phone company that a user generates when he presses an ordinary telephone’s touch keys. DTMF dial tones would be used to control the ArGUS. The DTMF controlled was used in the study to translate these dial tones into movements of the ArGUS, thus, making the cellphone as the controller of the prototype. The audio jack of the DTMF decoder is connected to the headphone jack of the GSM shield.

Figure 8. Wireless Network IP Camera. Figure 6. The Setup of the Shields.

The GSM shield is stacked on the Arduino UNO microcontroller and it is powered by a separate 9V 175 mAh battery. A SIM card is inserted in the GSM shield. To widen the signal range, an antenna is added to the GSM

The wireless network IP camera mainly served as the eye of the ArGUS. It was used to capture live feeds from its area of responsibility. The IP camera used in the ArGUS is a stand-alone, CPU and Web Server built-in, and can be integrated with an Ethernet network. The live streams that were recorded are accessible through any wireless connected devices given that the viewer is authorized to do so.

The configuration of the IP camera must be done first by connecting it to the router using an Ethernet cable. Next step is to set the IP configuration into DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) mode. After the configuration of the IP address, the user authentication needs to be configured in order to control the access of the wireless IP camera. After doing so, the Ethernet cable can be disconnected from the IP camera and it will then work in a wireless mode. Upon accessing the wireless IP camera through its IP address, a user authentication needs to be filled up. This is necessary in order to access the live streams from the wireless IP camera of the ArGUS. Figure 9 shows the network configuration of the ArGUS’ Camera Streaming Module.

communication port; this is also where the configuration of pins in the Arduino was declared. The loop part serves as the main method of the program where all the operational statements were written. The ArGUS has five modules: Intrusion Detection and SMS Notification Module, Camera Streaming Module, Autonomous Patrolling Module, DTMF Controller Module, and the GSM Controller Module. The total memory of microcontroller consumed in integrating the modules was 27,932 KB. Figure 10 presents the system design of the modules of the created library and shows the interaction and flow of the system across the various modules.

3.3.a. Intrusion Detection and SMS Notification Module After 20 seconds of patrolling, the ArGUS would stop and activate its Intrusion Detection and SMS Notification Module. When a motion is detected by the PIR, this module is responsible for notifying the authorized personnel about the intrusion event through SMS. The Algorithm 1 shows how this module was implemented.

Algorithm 1: Intrusion Detection and SMS Notification Module Figure 9 Argus camera Network Topology

3.3.

Integration Application Library

of the Modules

void motion_notif() { calibrate_PIR();

Software of the

if (motion have been detected) { Send SMS notification to the Authorized personnel; } else {

This section provides the application modules and the library developed that will integrate the prototype capability of the intrusion detection, alert notification and remote controlled intervention.

Monitor the area of responsibility of the ArGUS; }

The Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is a Windows-based software that was used in programming the microcontroller of the prototype. The Arduino board was connected through a USB (Universal Serial Bus) of a particular computer unit. During the configuration of the IDE, the Arduino UNO microcontroller was the model that was first selected for programming. Arduino-based C was used as the programming language. In programming, Arduino has a pre-defined pattern composing of three parts: declaring the variables, setup part (communication command) and the loop part. The variable declaration part is where initialization of all variables was done. Only the variables that were needed all throughout the program was declared and initialized. The setup part consists of the configuration of the

} calibrate_PIR() { Activate the PIR sensor; } The calibrate_PIR() method was responsible for activating the PIR sensor and automatic calibration of the area around the ArGUS. After the calibration of the PIR it would now detect if a motion is present at the location of the ArGUS. After 10 seconds of observing for any intrusion the ArGUS would now autonomously patrol again

Figure 10: FlowChart for Argus Modules

3.3.b. Camera Streaming Module The wireless network IP camera as presented in Figure 8, would serve as the eyes of the ArGUS. The camera streaming module would be responsible for the live monitoring purpose of ArGUS. The module’s aim is to send live stream videos of the area being monitored.

3.3.c. Autonomous Patrolling Module The Autonomous Patrolling Module of ArGUS is for its autonomous patrolling routine. In the autonomous mode, the ArGUS is able to move based on its track without the user controlling it. For every triggered line sensor, there are assigned movements of the ArGUS. There are four conditions for every movement (forward, right turn, left turn and search) of the ArGUS as stated in the Figure 11. The search condition would only be triggered once the ArGUS is unable to detect any black lines. The pseudo code in Algorithm 2 was implemented in the Autonomous Patrolling Module.

Algorithm 2: Autonomous Patrolling Mode

There were a total of six methods that were used to come up with the algorithm for the Autonomous Patrolling Module. The methods and their description are as follows: 1.

read_lineSensor() { Digital read left1 channel pulses; Digital read left2 channel pulses; Digital read mid channel pulses; Digital read right2 channel pulses; Digital read right1 channel pulses; } autonomous_mode() { if ( (mid, left2, right2 channels detect black line) or (mid and (left2 or right2 channels detect black line)) ) { forward() until not true; } else if((left1 or left2 channels detect black line) and (right channels do not detect black line)) {go_left() until not true; } else if((all left channels) and (right2 channel detect black line)) { go_left() until not true; } else if((right1 or right2 channels detect black line) and (left channels do not detect black line)){ go_right() until not true; } else if((all right channels) and (left2 channel detect black line)){ go_right() until not true; }else if(out of track){ search() until not rue; } } forward() { Both motors are on; } go_right() { Right motor is off; Left motor is on; } go_left() { Right motor is on; Left motor is off; } search() { ArGUS would turn right as its search pattern; }

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

read_lineSensor() This method is responsible for transforming the inputs coming from the five channel line tracking sensor into digital values. Whenever the black line is detected by the sensor, the returned value would be 1 and would return 0 for other colors; autonomous_mode() This interprets what would be the movement of the robot based on the readings that came from the five channel line tracking sensor; forward() This method will be the one responsible for telling if ArGUS would drive forward until a curve black line is detected; go_right() This method will tell ArGUS to turn to its right by turning off the right motor and making the left motor to actively face ArGUS to its right; go_left() This method will tell ArGUS to turn to its left by turning off the left motor and making the right motor to actively face ArGUS to its left; search()

This method is responsible for finding the track of ArGUS in case it goes out of its designated track. The search will only stop when the track is found.

3.3.d. DTMF Controller Module According to Arduino [2], GSM is an international standard for mobile telephones also it supports outgoing and incoming voice calls, SMS and data communications (via GPRS - General Packet Radio Service). But for this study, the GSM module only focused on using the messaging system and voice call system. Using the voice call system of the GSM, the DTMF will serve as the primary controller of the ArGUS. Upon translating the DTMF dial tones coming from the authorized user’s phone, the DTMF decoder would produce a different binary digit pattern that represents each number in the phone’s keypad. The Algorithm 3 shows how the DTMF controller module was implemented.

Algorithm 3: DTMF (Dual Tone Multi Frequency) Controller Module

If the call has ended, ArGUS would then return to its Autonomous Patrolling Mode. 3.3.e. GSM Controller Module

#include "call.h" void answer_call(){ if (call is from authorize) { call.answer(); read_dtmf(); } else { reject(); } } void read_dtmf() { if (0001 was translated by the DTMF decoder){ forward(); } else if(0101 was translated by the DTMF decoder ) { breaks(); } else if(1101 was translated by the DTMF decoder) { go_right(); } else if(1100 was translated by the DTMF decoder) { go_left(); } }

Using the messaging system of the GSM shield, the GSM Controller Module served as the backup controller of the ArGUS. This module allows an authorized user to send commands regarding the motion of the ArGUS via SMS. A user is considered authorized if the mobile number used in sending the command is saved in the SIM card placed inside the GSM shield. Algorithm 4 is implemented in the GSM Controller Module.

Algorithm 4: GSM Controller Module sms_controller() { Check if a sms is present; if(sms is not authorized) { Delete SMS received; } else { Get authorized SMS; if (SMS is equal to "F" or "f" only) { Forward for 2 seconds; Delete the SMS received; } else if(SMS is equal to "L" or "l" only) { Turn left for 2 seconds

The ArGUS would first check if there is an incoming call. If the incoming call is unauthorized it would be rejected. Upon answering an authorize call, it would check if a keypad is pressed and if a DTMF dial tone was sent. Four keypads were programmed to become the controls of the ArGUS. Keypad “8” with a binary digit of 0001 serves as the forward in the controller. Keypad “0” with a binary number of 0101 serves as the break in the controller. While keypad “*” with a binary digit of 1100 and keypad “#” with a binary digit of 1101 serves as the left turn and the right turn of the controller, respectively. This module also used the methods from the Autonomous Patrolling Module like the forward(), go_right(), go_left() and the following methods: 1. answer_call() This method will check whether a call is authorize or not; 2. call.answer() This method is responsible for answering or receiving a call from an authorized number; 3. reject() This method is the one that rejects unauthorized numbers; 4.

5.

read_dtmf() This method reads the keytone pressed and converts it to binary codes. A binary code has a corresponding movement; breaks() This method is responsible for commanding ArGUS to stop or take break.

Delete the SMS received; } else if(SMS is equal to "R" or "r" only) { Turn Right for 2 seconds; Delete the SMS received; } else if(SMS is equal to “PATROL” only) { Set ArGUS to its Autonomous Patrolling mode; Delete the SMS received; } else { Delete SMS; } } }

The sms_controller() method would be the one facilitating the operations under the GSM Controller Module. This method is responsible for interpreting the sent commands for the movements of the ArGUS over the SMS by the user. This method would first check if there is an SMS sent by an authorized personnel.

If an SMS from an unauthorized sender was received, it would be deleted. Upon getting the SMS from an authorized user it would then check if the SMS contained the characters “F” or “f” for the forward command, “L” or “l” for the turning left command and “R” or “r” for the turning right command. The user may also change back the ArGUS to its autonomous patrolling mode by sending an SMS containing “PATROL”. When an SMS containing a command is received, it would then be interpreted as a movement of the ArGUS. After the command is executed, it would delete the SMS received. This was done to free the SIM card’s memory.

3.4.1.a Testing of the prototype To ensure the functionality of the modules and the integration of the hardware resources, several testing activities have been done and captured. Below are some snap shots of the testing activities which also include the video links for the testing activities. Intrusion Detection and SMS Notification Module The video for the testing of the DTMF controller and Camera Streaming Module can be seen on the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MqA57lTYOk8

3.4.1. The Prototype The Figure 12 shows the working prototype. This prototype is named ArGUS meaning “Arduino-based Guardian Utility Service”. It can patrol on its own without the user controlling it provided that it is guided with a line track. It also has the capabilities to detect an unwanted intrusion and notify the authorized personel. It can also be controlled via DTMF dial tones and SMS commands. Camera Streaming Module

Autonomous Patrolling Module The video for the testing of the Autonomous Patrolling Module can be seen on the link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GQmRkqRmZuQ

Figure 12: The ARGUS Prototype

DTMF Controller Module

GSM Controller Module

The video for the testing of the DTMF controller module can be seen on the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CKMDM4 _4JFw

The video for the testing of the GSM Controller Module can be seen on the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ahm4dlSOA4

3.4.2. The Libraries This section of the paper shows the connection between the library modules with the hardware resources.The Intrusion and SMS Notification Module needs the GSM shield and the PIR sensor to be able to detect and send SMS notification regarding an intrusion to the authorized personnel. The DTMF and GSM Controller Module will need the GSM shield for this is where the dial tones and the SMS commands will be received. The DTMF decoder will translate the DTMF dial tones to be able to make the DTMF Controller Module understand the commands of the authorize personnel. The Autonomous Patrolling Module will need the mobile platform as the base frame of the ArGUS, the 5 channel line sensor for detecting the line track and the motor shield for the manipulation of the DC motors of the mobile platform. The Wireless Network IP Camera will be sending live streams regarding the area of the patrol routine of the ArGUS.

Figure 13. ArGUS integrated hardware and libraries

3.5 Challenges in the Integration In the development of this project, the researchers faced a lot of obstacles. Mainly, the researchers have to order most of their needed materials online, thus, there are no means to check the state of the items purchased. Another major issue that the group faced was the change in mobile platform from a bigger platform to the smaller one. In Figure 14, the left image shows the bigger platform that was described in this section and the platform that replaced it is shown on the right

observed that whenever the prototype’s track is placed in a dark area the prototype goes out of track. This was because the shadow of the prototype is interfering with the light sensor in detecting the black line making the sensors blind. In addition, the line sensor must be placed as close as possible to the surface of the track. Another issue faced by the group is the unavailability of the WIFI (Wireless Fidelity) shield. Due to this issue, the researchers were not able to create a mobile application for the controller and monitoring purposes of the ArGUS.

Figure.15 Final Platform Used in the Development. Figure 14. Platforms Used in the Development A major factor considered in changing the bigger platform was the difficulty in manipulating it during the testing stage. With a fully charged battery, the bigger platform would also run faster than usual, causing it to get out of the track easily. The behavior of the bigger platform does not comply with the assigned speed in the code. The group then tried implementing the usage of the motor shield, hoping that the speed of the bigger platform can be controlled, but it wasn’t effective for the result was different from what was expected by the group. It seemed that the platform still does not follow the code that was uploaded to it. Plus the motor gears of the bigger platform does not move together at the same time. One of the motor gears is delayed than the other making the platform harder to run in a straight path. Due to the continuous testing of the bigger platform, the controller attached to it and the Arduino board over heated. Because of the cons observed with the usage of the bigger platform, the group then decided to shift to a smaller platform. The problem with the second platform shown at the right of Figure 14 was that its gears were deteriorating which also affects its movement. The group once again tried to look for another platform. The researchers now finally used a fully functional platform as shown in Figure 15 for the development of the ArGUS. Another issue faced by the group was in terms of the autonomous mode of the ArGUS. The group has discovered that the line sensor needs to be accompanied by a white LED (Light Emitting Diode) lights so that the sensor can fully see the track that was needed to be followed. The five channel line tracking sensor’s light accompaniment was needed for the researchers have

4. CONCLUSION The research aimed to develop an alternative solution in addressing security monitoring task using an open hardware platform – Arduino. For the software resource, the library developed and integrated in the prototype used Arduino-based C as the programming language. The library was composed of five modules that were developed and used by the Arduino UNO microcontroller to operate the prototype – the Intrusion Detection and SMS Notification Module, Camera Streaming Module, Autonomous Patrolling Module, DTMF Controller Module and GSM Controller Module. In the development of the software and hardware system model, appropriate hardware resources were integrated with algorithms from a specific module of the created library to come up with a monitoring process through intrusion detection, alert notification and remote controlled intervention. For the intrusion detection and alert notification, the module under it is the Intrusion Detection and SMS Notification Module which is responsible for notifying authorized personnel when an intrusion detection event was detected through SMS. This module made use of the GSM shield and PIR sensor. Another module for the intrusion detection is the Camera Streaming Module, it is responsible for the live monitoring purposes of ArGUS and send live stream videos of area being monitored when an intrusion event is detected. This module made use of a Wireless Network IP Camera. Lastly, for the intrusion detection, the Autonomous Patrolling Module was for the prototype’s autonomous patrolling routine that made use of the motor shield and the mobile platform. For the remote controlled intervention, the DTMF Controller Module served as the primary controller of the ArGUS which made use of GSM shield and DTMF decoder. Another is the GSM Controller Module that served as the backup controller of the prototype. This module allows an

authorized user to send commands regarding the motion of the ArGUS via SMS. For the configurations of the hardware resources, the PIR sensor was responsible for the sudden detection of motion within the surroundings of the ArGUS. This sensor works together with another device which is the GSM shield. The GSM shield enables the prototype to receive and send SMS. These SMS is the alert messages when the PIR detects an unwanted movement in its surrounding area. This covers the notification activities under the monitoring process. For the remote control intervention, there are two ways by which ArGUS can be controlled manually through the aid of a mobile phone. The first way was through the use of a DTMF decoder. With the DTMF decoder, DTMF dial tones would be used to control the ArGUS. The DTMF decoder was used in the study to translate these dial tones into movements of the ArGUS. The other way was through a GSM messaging system. Authorized personnel can send SMS containing commands to control the movement of the prototype. Other SMS sent that was not part of the registered list of commands or ArGUS received an SMS from a registered number would not be recognized by the prototype. If an unregistered number would send an SMS to ArGUS, the message would automatically be deleted. All the said hardware resources are connected to the Arduino UNO microcontroller which is the central part of the ArGUS. Hardware devices are all placed inside the mobile platform.

[3]

Brottsförebyggande rådet – Brå. Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention. 2014 Retrieved from: https://www.bra.se/bra/bra-in-english/home/crimeand-statistics/vandalism..html

[4]

Campbell, R. 2014. International Fires. Retrieved from http://www.nfpa.org/research/reports-andstatistics/fire-causes/arson-and-juvenilefiresetting/intentional-fires

[5]

e-Gizmo Mechatronix Central. (2011). Kits & Modules. Retrieved from http://www.egizmo.com/PRODUCT/pdf/Kits%20 &%20Modules.pdf

[6]

FBI Releases 2011 Bank Crime Statistics . Retrieved from: https://www.fbi.gov/news/pressrel/pressreleases/fbi-releases-2011-bank-crime-statistics

[7]

Gilman, L. 2004. Motion Sensors. Encyclopedia of Espionage, Intelligence, and Security. Retrieved from http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G234033004 95.html

[8]

Medina A. (2014). PNP: Crime up by 17 percent, GMA news. Retrieved from: http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/not_found?/s% 20tory/367656/news/nation/pnp-crime-up-by-17percent

[9]

Pedersen L. 2012. CCTV (closed circuit television). Retrieved from http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/CCTVclosed-circuit-television

[10]

Quer, J. (2014). Arduino UNO. Retrieved From http://docseurope.electrocomponents.com/webdocs/0e8b/0900 766b80e8ba21.pdf

[11]

Rouse M. (2014) DTMF (dual tone multi frequency) definition. Retrieved from http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com.definition /DTMF

[12]

Walker ,S. and .M Katz 2002. The police in America. An Introduction. 4th ed Boston McGrawHill. .

5. RECOMMENDATONS The following are recommended to further improve the system: 1.

The improvement of the Autonomous patrolling mode by removing the line track. Implement a trackless Autonomous Patrolling Mode;

2.

The creation of a charging station to supply power to the ArGUS in case it senses a low battery condition.

3.

The creation of the mobile or computer application that would support the controlling and intrusion detection capabilities of the ArGUS;

4.

Creation of more Arduino program libraries that can easily support the capabilities of an open hardware.

6.REFERENCES [1]

[2]

Adafruit Industries. PIR Sensor 2014. Retrieved from https://learn.adafruit.com/pirpassive-infrared-proximity-motionsensor/overview

Arduino. Arduino GSM Shield. 2015. Retrieved from http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/ArduinoGSMShield