At the Crossroad of Gender and Classifiers in Ancient ...

At the Crossroad of Gender and Classifiers in Ancient Egyptian1st Person Case January 2014. Workshop: Gender and Classifiers – Cross-Linguistic Perspectives, University of Surrey.

Orly Goldwasser/ Colette Grinevald The Hebrew University / DDL, Lyon

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Egyptian script:

smn

[CL]

smn

[CL]

establish

[ABSTRACT]

goose

[BIRD]

Coptic script:

smine

smoune

/smine/ “establish”

/smoune/ “Nile goose”

(Černý, Etymological Dic., 153)

Goldwasser/Grinevald At the Crossroad of Gender and Classifiers in Ancient Egyptian Surrey 17/01/14

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Goldwasser/Grinevald At the Crossroad of Gender and Classifiers in Ancient Egyptian Surrey 17/01/14

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sA

[CL]

son

[HUMAN/MALE]

“son”

sA.t

[CL]

daughter

[HUMAN/FEMALE]

“daughter”

Goldwasser/Grinevald At the Crossroad of Gender and Classifiers in Ancient Egyptian Surrey 17/01/14

4

wHa

[CL]

[CL]

[CL]

[CL]

FOWLER

[BIRD]

[FISH]

[MAN+POWER]

[HUMAN/MALE]

patient

patient

actor

actor/nominalizer

wHa

“Fowler”

Goldwasser/Grinevald At the Crossroad of Gender and Classifiers in Ancient Egyptian Surrey 17/01/14

5

bik

[CL]

ax

[CL]

f

Hna

Smsw

[CL]

[CL]

FALCON

[FALCON]

FLY

[WING]

3sg.m

WITH

FOLLOWERS

[MOVEMENT]

[HUMAN/MALE] [PLURAL]

he

with

followers

Falcon

flew

[CL]

bik ax.f Hna Smsw.f “The falcon[=king], he flew with his followers” Sinuhe R21-22 Goldwasser/Grinevald At the Crossroad of Gender and Classifiers in Ancient Egyptian Surrey 17/01/14

f 3sg.m

his

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Person markers in Egyptian:

Positions: suffix enclitic independent Person: 1st 2nd 3rd

Number: singular plural Dual (rare) Gender: feminine masculine unmarked

Goldwasser/Grinevald At the Crossroad of Gender and Classifiers in Ancient Egyptian Surrey 17/01/14

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Gender in suffix, enclitic, and independent person markers system:

1sg. unmarked 2sg. M/F 3sg. M/F 1pl. unmarked 2pl. unmarked 3pl. unmarked Goldwasser/Grinevald At the Crossroad of Gender and Classifiers in Ancient Egyptian Surrey 17/01/14

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Suffix 1sg. person markers with gender and status classifiers

Suffix paradigm

“spoken” language phonological representation

1sg. i I, my, dative (to me)

script options

no written signifier: Ø Only phonological representation without classifier: i phonogram (phonetic signifier alone)

Phonological representation with classifier: i phon.+ [HUMAN/MALE]{gender} Classifiers, gender alone: Ø [HUMAN/MALE]{gender} Ø

[HUMAN/FEMALE]{gender}

Classifiers, gender and status: Ø [HUMAN/MALE] + [NOBLE]{gender} + {status}

Ø

[HUMAN/MALE] +[ROYAL]{gender} + {status}

Ø

or Ø

Ø

[HUMAN/FEMALE] +[DIVINE]{gender}+ {status}

[HUMAN/MALE] +[ DIVINE]{gender}+{ status}

Goldwasser/Grinevald At the Crossroad of Gender and Classifiers in Ancient Egyptian Surrey 17/01/14

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Enclitic 1sg. person markers with gender and status classifiers

Enclitic paradigm

“spoken” language script options phonological representation

1sg.me, I

wi

Phonological representation without classifier: wi phonogram (phonetic signifiers)

Phonological representation with classifier, gender alone: w phon.+[HUMAN/MALE]{gender} w phon. + [HUMAN/FEMALE]{gender}

Phonological representation with classifier, gender and status: w phon.+ [HUMAN/MALE]+[NOBLE]{gender} + {status} w phon.+ [HUMAN/MALE]+[ROYAL]{gender} + {status} or

w phon.+ [HUMAN/MALE]+[DIVINE]{gender}+{ status}

Goldwasser/Grinevald At the Crossroad of Gender and Classifiers in Ancient Egyptian Surrey 17/01/14

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Independent 1sg. person markers with gender and status classifiers

Independent “spoken” paradigm language phonological representation

script options

1sg. - I ink

Phonological representation without classifier: or ink phonogram (phonetic signifiers) Phonological representation with classifier, gender alone: ink phon.+[HUMAN/MALE]{gender} ink phon. + [HUMAN/FEMALE]{gender} Phonological representation with classifier, gender and status:

ink phon.+ [HUMAN/MALE]+[NOBLE]{gender} + {status} ink phon.+ [HUMAN/MALE]+[ROYAL]{gender} + {status} or

ink phon.+ [HUMAN/MALE]+[DIVINE]{gender}+{ status} ink phon.+[HUMAN/FEMALE]+[DIVINE] {gender} + {status}

Goldwasser/Grinevald At the Crossroad of Gender and Classifiers in Ancient Egyptian Surrey 17/01/14

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Seated Statue of Hatshepsut Kneeling Statue of Hatshepsut

Hatshepsut –gender uncertainty ca. 1473–1458 B.C. Hatshepsut in a Devotional Attitude

Goldwasser/Grinevald At the Crossroad of Gender and Classifiers in Ancient Egyptian Surrey 17/01/14

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after Naville, E. Deir el Bahari III, pl. XCVI

rinevald At the Crossroad of Gender and Classifiers in Ancient Egyptian Surrey 17/01/14

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after Naville, E. Deir el Bahari III, pl. XCVI Goldwasser/Grinevald At the Crossroad of Gender and Classifiers in Ancient Egyptian Surrey 17/01/14

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The Speos Artemidos Inscription of Hatshepsut (after Gardiner, JEA 32, pl. VI) Goldwasser/Grinevald At the Crossroad of Gender and Classifiers in Ancient Egyptian Surrey 17/01/14

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The Speos Artemidos Inscription of Hatshepsut (after Gardiner, JEA 32, pl. VI)