ATTI XLIV Congresso SIBM

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BORTONE Stephen (Tampa, USA). DAVENPORT John (Cork, Ireland). GAMBI Maria Cristina (Napoli, Italy). HALLEGRAEFF Gustaaf M. (Hobart, Australia).
ISSN 1123-4245

BIOLOGIA  MARINA MEDITERRANEA

Società Italiana di Biologia Marina

Vol. 20 - fasc. 1 - 2013

ATTI XLIV Congresso SIBM Vol. 20 fasc. 1 - 2013

€ 35,00

ROMA 14-16 Maggio 2013

Biologia Marina Mediterranea (Biol. Mar. Mediterr. / ISSN 1123-4245)

S.I.B.M. – SOCIETÁ ITALIANA DI BIOLOGIA MARINA / ITALIAN SOCIETY OF MARINE BIOLOGY Cod. Fisc. 00816390496 – Cod. Anagrafe Ricerca 307911FV

Sede legale/Headquarters c/o Acquario Comunale, Piazzale Mascagni 1 – 57127 Livorno

Direttore Responsabile/Editor in chief Giulio Relini, Univ. di Genova – e-mail: [email protected]

Editori Associati/Associate Editors GIACCONE G., Univ. di Catania - e-mail: [email protected] GUIDETTI P., Univ. di Nizza - e-mail: [email protected] OCCHIPINTI A., Univ. di Pavia - e-mail: [email protected] PRONZATO R., Univ. di Genova - e-mail: [email protected] Comitato di Redazione/Editorial Advisory Board

BELLAN Gérard, (Marseille, France) BELLAN SANTINI Denise (Marseille, France) BELLUSCIO Andrea (Roma, Italy) BERTRAND Jacques (Nantes, France) BORTONE Stephen (Tampa, USA) DAVENPORT John (Cork, Ireland) GAMBI Maria Cristina (Napoli, Italy) HALLEGRAEFF Gustaaf M. (Hobart, Australia) HAWKINS Stephen J. (Bangor, U.K.)

JENSEN Antony (Southampton, U.K.) KALLIANIOTIS Argyris (Kavala, Greece) NEVES dos SANTOS Miguel (Olhão, Portugal) PAPACONSTANTINOU Costas (Athens, Greece) RYLAND John (Swansea, U.K.) SCHEMBRI Patrick (Msida, Malta) SEAMAN William (Gainesville, USA) SERENA Fabrizio (Livorno, Italy) SOCAL Giorgio (Venezia, Italy)

Segreteria di Redazione/Editorial Assistants E. Massaro, S. Queirolo, R. Simoni Redazione/Editorial Office S.I.B.M. c/o DISTAV, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3 – 16132 Genoa, Italy Tel. e fax 0039 010 357888 e-mail: [email protected] Editore Stampatore/Production Editor/Publisher Erredi Grafiche Editoriali S.n.c., Via Trensasco, 11 – 16138 Genova Abbonamenti ed arretrati/Subscription and back issues Erredi Grafiche Editoriali S.n.c. tel. 0039 010 8356880 e-mail: [email protected] Biologia Marina Mediterranea è la rivista ufficiale della Società Italiana di Biologia Marina e viene repertoriata da ASFA e da Zoological Record. Biologia Marina Mediterranea is a journal of Italian Society for Marine Biology and is currently indexed and abstracted by ASFA and Zoological Record. Biologia Marina Mediterranea è una rivista che tratta ogni aspetto della biologia marina. Al momento pubblica solo gli atti di congressi e simposi organizzati dalla SIBM, o sintesi su argomenti specifici. Come supplementi della rivista sono pubblicati anche manuali e guide. Tutti i lavori sono sottoposti a qualificati referee nazionali ed internazionali. Biologia Marina Mediterranea is an international journal dealing with all aspects of marine biology. At present only proceedings of workshops and congresses organized by SIBM or synthesis on special subjects are published. Guides and manuals are printed as supplements of the Journal. All papers are rigorously peer reviewed by national and international experts.

Periodico della S.I.B.M. edito dalla Erredi Grafiche Editoriali, Genova – Autorizzazione Tribunale di Genova n. 34/94 del 13 dicembre 1994

BREVE STORIA DELLA S.I.B.M. (SOCIETÁ ITALIANA DI BIOLOGIA MARINA - ONLUS) La Società Italiana di Biologia Marina (SIBM) è stata fondata il 4 giugno 1969 a Livorno presso il cui Acquario Comunale si trova la sede legale. L’associazione è una ONLUS dal 1998 ed ha per scopo principale la tutela e la valorizzazione della natura ed in particolare dell’ambiente marino e del suo biota. Fin dalla fondazione la SIBM ha promosso studi sulla vita marina, anche organizzando e coordinando gruppi di ricerca e campagne in mare in tutte le acque italiane. Un costante sforzo viene profuso nella diffusione delle conoscenze scientifiche di base ed applicate e nella promozione dell’educazione e sensibilizzazione sulle problematiche della vita nell’ambiente marino, anche organizzando riunioni, congressi, tavole rotonde e pubblicando appositi volumi a carattere scientifico. L’attività della SIBM è coordinata da un Consiglio Direttivo, composto da Presidente, vice Presidente, Segretario più altri quattro membri. Nell’ambito della Società ci sono cinque Comitati scientifici, ciascuno coordinato da un direttivo composto dal Presidente, Segretario e quattro membri. A SHORT HISTORY OF S.I.B.M. (ITALIAN SOCIETY OF MARINE BIOLOGY - ONLUS) The Italian Society for Marine Biology (SIBM) was founded the 4th June 1969 in Livorno, the registered office of SIBM was at Aquarium of Livorno (Piazzale Mascagni, 1). The Association is an ONLUS (like registered charity) since 1998 and has the main aim to promote the conservation and valorisation of nature and in particular of the marine environment and biota. Since its foundation SIBM has promoted studies on marine life also organizing coordinated groups of researchers and surveys in all Italian seas. A constant effort is done to diffuse basic and applied technical and scientific knowledge to promote education and awareness on marine life also organizing meetings, congresses, workshops and publishing scientific papers and volumes. Each year a congress and at least a General Assembly is organized in different sites and Proceedings are published. The activity of SIBM is managed by the Council Board, composed by the President, the vice President, the Secretary and four Councilmen, elected every three years. Inside SIBM there are five Committees, each chaired by a President, Secretary and four Council Members. CONSIGLIO DIRETTIVO (in carica fino al dicembre 2015)/COUNCIL BOARD (in charge until December 2015) Stefano DE RANIERI – Presidente/President Giovanni Fulvio RUSSO – Vice Presidente/Vice President Anna OCCHIPINTI – Consigliere/Member Roberto PRONZATO – Segretario Tesoriere/Secretary Antonella PENNA – Consigliere/Member Marina CABRINI – Consigliere/Member Fabrizio SERENA – Consigliere/Member Giulio RELINI - Presidente Onorario/Honorary President PRESIDENTI E SEGRETARI DEI 5 COMITATI SCIENTIFICI/ PRESIDENTS AND SECRETARIES OF 5 SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEES BENTHOS (Benthos) Roberto SANDULLI (Pres.) Maria Cristina GAMBI (Segr.)

PLANCTON (Plankton) Carmela CAROPPO (Pres.) Olga MANGONI (Segr.)

ACQUACOLTURA (Aquaculture) Giovanni SANSONE (Pres.) Pierluigi CARBONARA (Segr.)

NECTON e PESCA (Necton & Fishery) Paolo SARTOR (Pres.) Alessandro MANNINI (Segr.)

GESTIONE e VALORIZZAZIONE della FASCIA COSTIERA (Management of the Coastal Zone) Leonardo TUNESI (Pres.) Andrea BELLUSCIO (Segr.)

Segreteria Tecnica ed Amministrazione/Technical and Administrative Secretariat

c/o DISTAV. Università di Genova – Viale Benedetto XV, 3 – 16132 GENOVA e-mail [email protected] web site www.sibm.it G. RELINI E. MASSARO, S. QUEIROLO, R. SIMONI tel. e fax 0039 010 3533016 tel. e fax 0039 010 357888

ATTI

del XLIV Congresso ATTI DEL della

XLIV CONGRESSO SOCIETÀ ITALIANA DELLA DI BIOLOGIA MARINA SOCIETÀ ITALIANA DI BIOLOGIA MARINA

ROMA 14-16 MAGGIO 2013

ROMA 14 - 16 MAGGIO 2013

Biol. Mar. Mediterr. (2013), 20 (1): 178-179

E.

de

Sabata, S. Clò

MedSharks, Via Ruggero Fauro, 82 - 00197 Roma, Italy. [email protected]

SOME BREEDING SITES OF THE NURSEHOUND (SCYLIORHINUS STELLARIS) (CHONDRICHTHYES, SCYLIORHINIDAE) IN ITALIAN WATERS, AS REPORTED BY DIVERS ZONE DI RIPRODUZIONE DEL GATTOPARDO (SCYLIORHINUS STELLARIS) (CHONDRICHTHYES, SCYLIORHINIDAE) NEI MARI ITALIANI SEGNALATE DAI SUBACQUEI Abstract - The Mermaid’s Purse project collects volunteer divers’ reports of nursehound egg cases, Scyliorhinus stellaris (Linnaeus, 1758) (Chondrichthyes, Scyliorhinidae). Preliminary results of this ongoing study are presented here and identify some breeding areas of this species. This project is an example of citizen science as a valuable tool in providing information on species seldom caught by professional fishermen. Key-words: Scyliorhinus stellaris, breeding sites, citizen science.

Introduction - The nursehound, Scyliorhinus stellaris (Linnaeus, 1758) is a medium sized catshark, living in the NE-East Atlantic and throughout the Mediterranean Sea. Presently there is no data on population size and breeding areas in the Mediterranean, where it is patchily distributed (Ellis et al., 2009), seldom caught by professional fishermen (IREPA, unpublished data) and has drastically declined in some areas, with a –99% decrease in scientific trawl surveys in the Tyrrhenian Sea in the last 20 years (Ferretti et al., 2005). This species lays large egg cases (10-14 cm), also called “mermaid’s purse”, that take 10-12 months to hatch in captivity (Capapé et al., 2006). They are highly detectable underwater and a favourite sight with SCUBA divers. The Mermaid’s Purse project (www.uovodigattuccio.it), launched in 2012, is collecting divers’ sightings of nursehound egg cases in order to identify some of the as-yet unknown breeding areas of this species. Misidentification with S. canicula eggs can be ruled out, as this species lays smaller eggs (7-8 cm) at about 200 m of depth, thus beyond the range of scuba divers (Ellis et al., 2009). On clear and easy targets volunteer divers can contribute much-needed information with direct observations, monitoring the marine environment on a scale that was previously impossible (Goffredo et al., 2010). Materials and methods - In this ongoing study, diving centre staff members from all Italian coastal regions are interviewed to record the presence of nursehound egg cases in local dive sites. Their observations are deemed reliable since they regularly dive the same sites for months and often years. Amateur divers are also invited to take part in the survey, but mainly for awareness reasons. Collected information includes dive site location, depth, habitat, number of eggs sighted and presence of live specimens. This project will continue over the next two years, extending interviews to technical divers regularly diving up to 90 meters of depth. Results - This project received much attention within the diving community and was recently sponsored by the main dive training agencies: 123 records were collected in 6 months by diving centre staff (57%) and recreational divers (43%). Breeding areas

Some breeding sites of the nursehound in Italian waters, as reported by divers

179

months by diving centre staff (57%) and recreational divers (43%). Breeding areas

were including several several dive dive sites in in the the werereported reportedinin 99out out of of 15 15Italian Italian coastal coastal regions, including Ligurian in LigurianSea Sea(the (thePortofino Portofinopromontory) promontory) and and the the Tuscan Tuscan Archipelago Archipelago (particularly (particularly in Elba, Giannutri and Argentario). The highest number of egg cases (estimated 5+ per Elba, Giannutri and Argentario). The highest number of egg cases (estimated 5+ per dive divesite) site)was wasreported reportedininthe theGulf GulfofofNaples: Naples:ininthe the Pontine Pontine Islands, Islands, Ischia, Ischia, Procida, Procida, Capri and the Sorrento Peninsula. Off the northern Adriatic coast, mermaid’s eggs eggs Capri and the Sorrento Peninsula. Off the northern Adriatic coast, mermaid’s were reported on the “tegnùe”, rocky reefs on the muddy seafloor off Venice (Fig. 1).

were reported on the “tegnùe”, rocky reefs on the muddy seafloor off Venice (Fig. 1).

Fig. 1 - Nursehound breeding areasareas reported by divers Fig. 1 -  Nursehound breeding reported by and average number eggs per dive site. divers and of average number of eggs per dive Zone di site. riproduzione del gattopardo segnalate dai subacqueiZone e numero medio di avvistate per di riproduzione del uova gattopardo segnalate punto d’immersione. dai subacquei e numero medio di uova avvistate per punto d’immersione.

Divers reported that egg cases are mostly laid in rocky habitats on Paramuricea clavata, but also on Eunicella cavolini, sponges, nets and wrecks, mostly between 30 to 50Divers m of reported depth, which also cases matches limitlaid of inrecreational SCUBA dives. Live that egg are the mostly rocky habitats on Paramuricea clavata, but are alsoseen on 30% Eunicella sponges, nets and wrecks, mostly between specimens of thecavolini, times on the same dive site, free swimming and/or 30 in tocrevices; 50 m ofpictures depth, provided which also matches theboth limit of recreational SCUBA dives. Live by divers show S. stellaris and S. canicula. specimens are -seen 30% of the times on theconcentrate same dive in site, free swimming and/or in Conclusions Recreational divers typically specific areas and dive sites crevices; pictures provided diversprovide show both S. stellaris and and homogeneous S. canicula. picture that are most pleasing, thusby cannot a representative of Conclusions wide areas, - depths or habitats. to the uneven nature of sampling, Recreational divers Due typically concentrate in specific areas andareas dive highlighted in this project simply represent confirmed breeding of the sites that are most pleasing, thus cannot provide a representative and areas homogeneous nursehound. This project is another example citizen science cansampling, provide picture of wide areas, depths or habitats. Dueonto how the uneven nature of valuable information, especially speciesrepresent that are rarely caught.breeding areas of the areas highlighted in this projectforsimply confirmed nursehound. This project is another example on how citizen science can provide Acknowledgments - The especially authors would to thank all are diversrarely takingcaught. part in this study; IREPA for valuable information, forlike species that landings data; the Save Ours Seas Foundation and A.DI.SUB. for their generous support. Acknowledgments: The authors would like to thank all divers taking part in this study; IREPA for

References landings data; the Save Ours Seas Foundation and A.DI.SUB. for their generous support.

CAPAPÉ C., VERGNE Y., VIANET R., GUELORGET O., QUIGNARD J.P. (2006) - Biological

observations on the nursehound, Scyliorhinus stellaris (Linnaeus, 1758) (Chondrichthyes: References Scyliorhinidae) in captivity. Acta Adriat., (1): 29-36. CAPAPÉ C., VERGNE Y., VIANET R.,47 GUELORGET O., QUIGNARD J.P. (2006) - Biological ELLIS J., SERENA F., MANCUSI C., HAKA F., MOREY GUALLART SCHEMBRI T. observations on the nursehound, Scyliorhinus stellaris G., (Linnaeus, 1758)J.,(Chondrichthyes: (2009) - Scyliorhinus stellaris.Acta In: IUCN Scyliorhinidae) in captivity. Adriat.,2012. 47 (1):IUCN 29-36.Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2.J., SERENA F., MANCUSI C., HAKA F., MOREY G., GUALLART J., SCHEMBRI T. ELLIS FERRETTI F., MYERSstellaris. R., SARTOR P., 2012. SERENA (2005) Term Dynamics of the (2009) - Scyliorhinus In: IUCN IUCNF.Red List -ofLong Threatened Species. Version Chondrichthyan Fish Community in the Upper Tyrrhenian Sea. ICES CM, 25: 1-34. 2012.2. GOFFREDOF.,S.,MYERS PENSAR.,F.,SARTOR NERI P., GAGLIARDI M.S.,Dynamics VELARDI FERRETTI P., ORLANDI SERENA F.A.,(2005) - Long Term of A., the PICCINETTI C., ZACCANTI F. (2010) Unite research with what do for25: fun: “recreational Chondrichthyan Fish Community in -the Upper Tyrrhenian Sea.citizens ICES CM, 1-34. monitoring” ofS., marine biodiversity. Ecol.P.,Appl., 20: 2170-2187. GOFFREDO PENSA F., NERI ORLANDI A., GAGLIARDI M.S., VELARDI A., PICCINETTI C., ZACCANTI F. (2010) - Unite research with what citizens do for fun: “recreational monitoring” of marine biodiversity. Ecol. Appl., 20: 2170-2187.