Base-Station-Antennas for optimized Mobile Communication ...

Base-Station-Antennas for optimized Mobile Communication Networks Norbert Ephan, Roland Gabriel KATHREIN-Werke KG, Postfach 100 444, 83004 Rosenheim, Germany

Kathrein-Werke KG Rosenheim PO Box 10 04 44 Phone:+ 49 (0)8031 184 - 0 Fax: +49 (0)8031 184 991 antennas.mobilcom@kathrein. de www.kathrein.de

Content • 1. Polarization - Diversity-Antennas • 2. Site-Sharing with Multiband-Antennas • 3. Remote Electrical Tilt • 4. Adaptive Antennas and Tower Top Electronics

History: Base Station Antennas

Evolution from Eurocell V-Pol. to A-Panel XX-Pol.

1. Polarization Diversity Antennas

Diversity combining Diversity with two antennas

- Level difference - Correlation

10

Signal Level [dB]

5 0 -5

1 Rx 2

-10

Rx 1

-15 -20 -25 -30 8 8

Combined Signal 10 0

7 7 6 6 5 5

Maximal MaximalRatio RatioCombining Combining

4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1

-5 1

0 0

-10

1 3 1 3 5 7 5 7 9 11 9 11 13 15 13 15 17 19 Signal Difference Signal Difference[dB] [dB] 17 19 2121 23 25 23 25

-15

1 1 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0 0

Signal level [dB]

5

DiversityGain Gain[dB] [dB] Diversity

Time

-20 -25 -30 Time

Diversity Diversitygain gainGSM GSM

CrossCrossCorrelation Correlation

Diversity •Typical Diversity Gain for GSM - System (max. uncorrelated, equal level) Outage Probability (y 10dB (+/- 60° Sector)

330

45

315

-30

0

30

330

90

15

315

60

300

75

285

90

-30

-20

-10 dB 270

105

255

120

240 135

225 150

210 165

180

195

1710 - 2170 MHz

Site-Sharing with Dual and Triple-Band Antennas

Dualband Antennas / XXpol System Major Mobile Communication Frequencies

TETRA GSM DVB-H AMPS GSM 900 GSM 1800 UMTS UMTS LTE WiMax

380 - 430 MHz 450 MHz 512-860 MHz 824 - 890 MHz 880-960 MHz 1710 - 1880 MHz 1920 - 2170 MHz 2500 - 2700 MHz 3.4 - 3.8 GHz

Site Sharing and Multi-Band Antennas Single-Band-Antennen für GSM900 und GSM1800

GSM900 (D-Netz)

GSM1800 (E-Netz) XXPol-Dual-Band mit Combiner

Site Sharing and Multiband Antennas

Dualband antennas: XXpol construction

Triple-Band Antennas Major Mobile Communication Frequencies

TETRA GSM DVB-H AMPS GSM 900 GSM 1800 UMTS UMTS LTE WiMax

380 - 430 MHz 450 MHz 512-860 MHz 824 - 890 MHz 880-960 MHz 1710 - 1880 MHz 1920 - 2170 MHz 2500 - 2700 MHz 3.4 - 3.8 GHz

Independent adjustable Downtilt

Triple- Band Antennas

66Systems, Systems,independently independentlyadjustable adjustable --GSM GSM900 900--GSM GSM1800 1800--UMTS UMTS

Triple- Band Antennas

Adjustable Electrical DT Combined radiators 806-960/1710-2170 MHz C-Filter-Combiner 1710-1880 MHz 1920-2170 MHz DPS-Differential Phase-Shifter

Single radiators 1710 - 2170 MHz

Scheme of Triple-Band-Antenna

Triple- Band Antennas Downtilt GSM 900 VSWR

Complex design: Optimization Parameter of Triple-Band Antennas

frequency

Sidelobe level Tracking, Tracking, squint

Downtilt GSM 1800 isolation

Isolation +/-45° Triple-Band-Antenna

45 43 41 39 37 Isolation 35 33 31 29 27 25

6 4 2 0 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Downtilt 900 MHz

7

8

9

Crosspolar level Halfpower beamwidth

10

Downtilt 1800 MHz

Downtilt UMTS

Remote Electrical Tilt

Adjustable Electrical Downtilt •

maximum flexibility is achieved with adjustable electrical downtilt by combining the adjustability of the mechanical DT and the technical advantage of the electrical DT Ф Ф

Ф Ф

Adjustable Electrical Downtilt • Network Extension • Support of traffic dependent cell breathing and regulation of softHandover areas • Hot spots during special events • Dynamical traffic adaptive regulation of cell load „Hot Spot“

„Cell Brathing“

High traffic area

Adjustable Electrical Downtilt – Electrical Tilt instead of Mechanical Tilt – Manual Adjustable: Team has to climb up the tower – RET offers flexible remote control (on site ore via O&M Network)

RET

Adjustable Electrical DT Schemes of Triple-Band-Antenna

Triple-Band Antenna system 900 MHz +45°

Adjustable Electrical DT Schemes of Triple-Band-Antenna

C-Filter-Combiner

Passive Differential Phase Shifter

DPS-Differential Phase-Shifter

Triple-Band Antenna system 2000 MHz +45°

UMTS / WCDMA-Network

Service Propability

Optimization of Service 98

Without RET

96

RET optimized Azimuth optimized

94 92 90 88 86 84 82 80 1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

1700

1800

1900

Number of Subscribers

Influence of Downtilt-Optimization - a) RET and Pilot Power - b) RET, Pilot Power and Azimuth adjustment Based on study results by Symena Software & Consulting GmbH Wien: www.symena.com „ The value of automated optimization“ , publishing with allowance of Symena

RET- Scenarios Network-Planing Tool „Dynamical“ Predefined Modus Scenarios

Network-Extension

Antenna

Changed Load Situation (Rush Hour)

RCU

TMA

-Optimization Time -Reaction Time -Administration

BTS Central Control unit

OMC Control Network

Smart-BIAS-T

Feeder lines

Roll-Out of RET-System in Taipei/Taiwan

Adaptive Antennas and Tower Top Electronics

Adaptive Antennas Antennas -forming: beam Antennaswith withbeambeam-forming: - -"SMART" "SMART"- -Antennas Antennas - -„MultiBeam“„Multi Beam“-Antennas „Multi-Beam“-Antennas - -Adaptive AdaptiveAntennas Antennas

- -Increased IncreasedCapacity Capacity - -Reduced interference Reduced interferencelevel level - -Reduced TransmitPower Transmit Reduced Transmit-Power - -Reduction Reductionof ofaverage averageEM EM fields fields but but -Expensive -ExpensiveBTS BTS -n x Feeder Cables -n x Feeder Cables -Higher -HigherSize Size - -Reduced ReducedSite SiteSharing SharingCapabilities Capabilities

Transmit the power to the correct destination.

Adaptive Antennas - Control principles Adaptive Antenna Control Options

Standard BTS

Special BTS for n Sensors

Control via: -Handover (Switched) -Soft Handover (MakroDiversity)

Beam-Forming Algorithm -Switched fixed beam -MRC principle

-Backbone network takes over high traffic -or increased handovers required

Pilot carrier (BCCH) has to been distributed within the whole cell

-2X...4X dual beam antennas -common 6-sector arrangements

2X...4X array antennas option: flat frequency phasedependency for FDD

Adaptive Antennas For QPSK-Modulation, uncorrelated carriers: BER MRC-Receiver, noncorrelated signals

Pb, MRC

 2r  1 − µ 2  1 µ  = − ∑   2 2 r =0  r  4 

µ=

Pt Pt + σ n2

1,E+00

1,E-01 Diversity-gain

M −1

1,E-02

Tx-Power noise

BER

1,E-03

1,E-04

1,E-05

Single Sensor 2 sensors 3 sensors

1,E-06

4 sensors

1,E-07 -19 -17 -14 -12 -10 -7

-5

-3

0

2

5

7

9

12 14 16 19 21 24 26 28 31

SNR [dB]

MISO- Multiple Input- Single Output

MRC M=4

M=8

r

Adaptive Antennas Array Gain

14

- 2..4 sensors offer attractive ratio of gain/costs

12

Gain [dB]

10 8 6 4 2 0 1

2

Array Gain (correlation=1) typical gain max gain(correl=0)

3

4

5

6

Number of sensors

7

8

Antenna /Sensor T yp Single Path Two Path Four Path 8-Path

Array gain (total correlated) 0 dB

M axim um T ypical G ain (non gain correlated) 0 dB 0 dB

3 dB 6 dB 9 dB

8 dB 10.5 dB 13 dB

4..5 dB 6..10 dB 8..11 dB

Adaptive Antennas: 4x-solution Dual-polarized Array-Antenna 4x 4 x Tx +4 x Rx Diversity

Digital data processing Beam steering algorithm

(1x phase calibration) M=8 Improved Rx-signal, reduced Tx power

6-Sector-Arrangement: „Switched Beam“ Adaption 6-Sektor Arrangements: -Increased Coverage -Equivalent Traffic/Cell -Reduced Interference

d6sect=1.41d3sect

area subscriber ≈ = cons sec tor sec tor ⇒ r6 sec t = 2 r3sec t Required additional gain for increased radius (OkumarataHata-Model) 4,5..6 dB

6-Sector Ultra High sites Increased Coverage due to increased height of the Tx Antenna path loss

„Ultra High sites“

140

Path loss [dB]

130

∆h

Increased coverage

120

h= 10 m h=20m

110

h=40m h=100m

100 90 80 0,1

0,3

0,5

0,7

0,9

1,1

Distance [km]

1,3

1,5

1,7

1,9

f=2GHz, gTx=18 dBi, Okumurata-Hata

Adaptive Antenna: Dual Beam (2X) Dual-Beam-Antenna ( 2 Columns)

3dB-Hybrid

Adaptive Antenna: Dual Beam (4X) Dual-Beam-Antenna ( 4 Columns) Beam 1

Frequenz

HPBW

Azimuth

Beam 2

Frequenz

HPBW

Azimuth

4x2 Butler-Matrix

Adaptive Antennas: Tracking 2X Smart Antenna ( 2 Columns, 65° HPBW) Phase Shift (Columns) 0 degree 30 degree 60 degree 90 degree 120 degree

Horizontal Scan-Width 0 degree 5 degree 10 degree 15 degree 20 degree

Adaptive Antennas: MIMO-Systems

MIMO-System: Combination of Pattern and Polarization-Diversity

Tower Top electronics

transmission= 20 W

M CPA No ise Fig ure

dissipation2=

5W

MultiRRH dissipation1= 25 W

CPRIInterface

PTx= 50 W η= 10%

TM A

Pin= 500 W

BTS

BTS

Tower- Top Electronics: Multi-RRH 4x Antenna Array

Adaptive Antenna Array with Multi-RRH 4 x Tx, 8 x Rx Re IM Up-Conv

Re Im DownConv.

Re Im DownConv

Digital Predist. CPRI

CPRI

RET control Tx-Linearization control

Tx

Rx1

Power Supply RET

Power

CPRI

Rx2-Control of Amplitude/Phase

Rx2