THEORY. 1. Plane sections before bending remain plane after bending.. 2. ... flexural formula M/Z of the conventional elastic theory ... Compression Failure.
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THEORY. 1. Plane sections before bending remain plane after bending.. 2. ... flexural formula M/Z of the conventional elastic theory ... Compression Failure.
BASIC ASSUMPTIONS IN FLEXURE THEORY
1. Plane sections before bending remain plane after bending. 2. Strain in concrete is the same as in reinforcing bars at the same level, provided that the bond between the steel and concrete is sufficient to keep them acting together under the different load stages i.e., no slip can occur between the two materials. 3. The stress-strain curves for the steel and concrete are known. 4. The tensile strength of concrete may be neglected. 5. At ultimate strength, the maximum strain assumed equal to 0.003, by the Egyptian Code. The assumption of plane sections remaining plane
Note we see .0035&.00107 in other codes
Noncracked, Linear Stage moments are small, compressive stresses are very low and the maximum tensile stress of concrete is less than strength, fctr.
Cracked, Linear Stage
When the moment is increased beyond Mcr, The stressstrain curve for concrete is approximately linear up to 0.40 fcuconcrete in compression has not crushed. , the elastic (straight line) theory formula M/Z may be used to analyze
Cracked, Nonlinear Stage
For moments greater than these producing stage 2, the maximum compressive stress in concrete exceeds 0.40. However, concrete in compression has not crushed the flexural formula M/Z of the conventional elastic theory cannot be used
Ultimate Strength Stage
nominal Strength
Nominal without f.o.s
TYPES OF FLEXURAL FAILURE -TEN the steel will reach its yield strength before the concrete reaches its maximum capacity. the strain in the extreme compression approximately 0.003, The section then fails in a "ductile" fashion with adequate visible warning before failure.
Balanced Failure
At a particular steel content, the steel reaches the yield strength and the concrete reaches strain of 0.003
Compression Failure
the concrete may reach its maximum capacity before the steel yields. The section then fails suddenly in a "brittle" fashion if the concrete is not confined and there may be little visible warning of failure.
