Aug 3, 2016 - connect to the gateway through WiFi, 3G, 4G, and other .... heatmap graph to show the energy consumption/generation of different devices. Fig.
ШШШлйкрΌώϏϔχΒϔϚϋϘϔχϚϏϕϔχϒΎϒϋωϚϘϏωχϒχϔϊΎϔϋϘύϟΌϕϔόϋϘϋϔωϋΌΒΎΎΌлйкрϋϏϐϏϔύΌώϏϔχШШШ
%LJ'DWDDQG&ORXG&RPSXWLQJ3ODWIRUPIRU(QHUJ\ ,QWHUQHW
5XL)X)HQJ*DR5RQJ=HQJ-XQ+X@ ³'DWD KDYH DQG FORXG FRPSXWLQJ SODWIRUP¶V DUFKLWHFWXUH DQG WKHQ SHQHWUDWHG LQWR HYHU\ LQGXVWU\ DQG EXVLQHVV DUHD WRGD\ DQG VXPPDUL]HVWKHXVHFDVHVEDVHGRQWKHSURSRVHGIUDPHZRUN KDYHEHFRPHDQLPSRUWDQWIDFWRULQSURGXFWLRQ7KHGLVFRYHU\ DQG XVHRIELJGDWDVLJQDODQHZZDYHRISURGXFWLYLW\ JURZWK ,, %,*'$7$3/$7)250 DQGFRQVXPHUVXUSOXV´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
978-1-5090-6276-8/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE
ШШШлйкрΌώϏϔχΒϔϚϋϘϔχϚϏϕϔχϒΎϒϋωϚϘϏωχϒχϔϊΎϔϋϘύϟΌϕϔόϋϘϋϔωϋΌΒΎΎΌлйкрϋϏϐϏϔύΌώϏϔχШШШ
)LJ %LJ'DWD3ODWIRUP$UFKLWHFWXUH
7KHV\VWHPLVEDVHGRQWKH$SDFKH+DGRRSHFRV\VWHPWKH +DGRRS 'LVWULEXWHG )LOH 6\VWHP +')6 LV XVHG DV WKH XQGHUO\LQJ ILOH V\VWHP @
B. Storage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ecurity +DGRRS V VHFXULW\ FHUWLILFDWLRQ LV EDVHG RQ WKH .HUEHURV .HUEHURVLVDQHWZRUNDXWKHQWLFDWLRQSURWRFRO8VHUVRQO\QHHG WR HQWHU DXWKHQWLFDWLRQ LQIRUPDWLRQ WR YHULI\ WKDW WKH\ FDQ DFFHVVPXOWLSOH.HUEHURVEDVHGVHUYLFHVE\REWDLQLQJ.HUEHURV WLFNHW6LQJOHVLJQLQRIWKHPDFKLQHFDQDOVREHGRQHEDVHGRQ WKLV SURWRFRO +DGRRS LWVHOI GRHV QRW FUHDWH XVHU DFFRXQWV EXW XVHVWKH.HUEHURVSURWRFROIRUXVHUDXWKHQWLFDWLRQ ,,, &/28'&20387,1*3/$7)250 A. System Architecture
)LJ /DPEGD$UFKLWHFWXUH
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
1) Monolithic Architecture 0RQROLWKLF DUFKLWHFWXUH LV D YHU\ FRPPRQ IRUP RI FRPSXWHU VRIWZDUH DUFKLWHFWXUH ZKLFK LV RIWHQ OD\HUHG E\ IXQFWLRQV &RPPRQ OD\HUVDUH WKHSUHVHQWDWLRQ OD\HU EXVLQHVV ORJLFOD\HUDQGGDWDOD\HU>@7KHEXVLQHVVORJLFOD\HUFDQEH PRGXODUL]HG WR FRPSRQHQWV E\ GLIIHUHQW EXVLQHVV UHVSRQVLELOLWLHVDQGIXQFWLRQV7KH³PRQROLWKLFDUFKLWHFWXUH´LV D³VLQJOHEORFN´ DWWKHSK\VLFDOGHSOR\PHQWDUFKLWHFWXUH OHYHO ,WLVXVXDOO\FRPSLOHGSDFNDJHGGHSOR\HGDQGPDLQWDLQHGDVD VLQJOHDSSOLFDWLRQ 2) Micro-service Architecture 7KH PLFURVHUYLFH DUFKLWHFWXUH LV D QHZ FRQFHSW ZKLFK GLYLGHV WKH DSSOLFDWLRQ LQWR D VHULHV RI VPDOO VHUYLFHV (DFK VHUYLFHIRFXVHVRQDVLQJOHIXQFWLRQUXQVLQDVHSDUDWHSURFHVV DQG KDV D FOHDU ERXQGDU\ EHWZHHQ VHUYLFHV 6HUYLFHV FDQ FRPPXQLFDWH ZLWK HDFK RWKHU ZLWK OLJKW SURWRFROV VXFK DV +7735(67IXO WRDFKLHYHDFRPSOHWHDSSOLFDWLRQWKDWPHHWV EXVLQHVVDQGXVHUGHPDQGV>@
)LJ 0RQROLWKLFDUFKLWHFWXUHYV0LFURVHUYLFHDUFKLWHFWXUH
ШШШлйкрΌώϏϔχΒϔϚϋϘϔχϚϏϕϔχϒΎϒϋωϚϘϏωχϒχϔϊΎϔϋϘύϟΌϕϔόϋϘϋϔωϋΌΒΎΎΌлйкрϋϏϐϏϔύΌώϏϔχШШШ
B. Service Type &ORXGFRPSXWLQJVHUYLFHVFXUUHQWO\KDYHDYDULHW\RIZD\V ZKLFKDUHUHFRJQL]HGE\,DD63DD66DD6%DD6HWF>@ 1) IaaS ,DV6 LV VKRUWIRU ³,QIUDVWUXFWXUHDVD6HUYLFH´ XVXDOO\ DV D KDUGZDUH VHUYHU UHQWDO VHUYLFH ,DD6 VHUYLFH SURYLGHUV SURYLGH RIIVLWH VHUYHU YLUWXDOL]DWLRQ VWRUDJH DQG QHWZRUN KDUGZDUH IRUXVHUVWRUHQW,WFDQVDYHPDLQWHQDQFHFRVWVDQGRIILFHVSDFH IRU XVHUV 6RPH RI WKH VXFFHVVIXO ,DD6 SURGXFWV LQFOXGH $PD]RQ V $:6 FORXG VHUYLFH 0LFURVRIW V $]XUH $OLEDED V $OL\XQ7HQFHQW V4FORXG 2) PaaS 3DD6 LV VKRUW IRU ³3ODWIRUPDVD6HUYLFH´ 3DD6 SURYLGH D FRPSOHWH DSSOLFDWLRQ UXQWLPH HQYLURQPHQW PLGGOHZDUH GDWDEDVH DQG VR RQ 'HYHORSHUV RQO\ QHHG WR XSORDG DQG GHSOR\ WKH FRGH WKH DSSOLFDWLRQ FDQ UXQ XS 3DD6 QRW RQO\ UHGXFHV WKH FRVW RI ,7 RSHUDWLRQ DQG PDLQWHQDQFH EXW DOVR HOLPLQDWHV D ORW RI GHYHORSPHQW ZRUNORDG 3DD6 SODWIRUP LQFOXGH *RRJOH V $SS (QJLQH %DLGX V $SS (QJLQH %$( 6LQD V$SS(QJLQH 6$( 3) SaaS 6DD6 LV VKRUW IRU ³6RIWZDUHDVD6HUYLFH´ 8VXDOO\ LW SURYLGHV DQ HQWLUHO\ ZHEEDVHG DSSOLFDWLRQ WKH XVHU GRHV QRW QHHG WR FRQVLGHU DQ\ VRIWZDUH GHYHORSPHQW GHSOR\PHQW DQG GR QRW KDYH WR ZRUU\ DERXW VHUYHU KDUGZDUH EDQGZLGWK MXVW GLUHFWO\SXUFKDVHDQGWKHVRIWZDUHLVUHDG\WRJR 4) BaaS %DD6LVVKRUWIRU³%DFNHQGDVD6HUYLFH´,WLVDQHZ3DD6 EDVHG FORXG VHUYLFH ,W LV GHVLJQHG WR SURYLGH EDFNHQG FORXG VHUYLFHVIRUPRELOHDQGZHEDSSOLFDWLRQVLQFOXGLQJFORXGGDWD VWRUDJH DFFRXQW PDQDJHPHQW PHVVDJLQJ VRFLDO PHGLD LQWHJUDWLRQ ELJ GDWDDQDO\VLV LQWHUIDFHV DQG RWKHU VHUYLFHV> @ 7KH %DD6 SODWIRUP SURYLGHV XVHUV ZLWK D YDULHW\ RI FRUH FRPSRQHQWV DQG PLFUR VHUYLFHV PLGGOHZDUH WR FRPSOHWH VSHFLILFIXQFWLRQVDQGPHHWLQGLYLGXDOGHPDQGV C. Internet of Things 7KH,QWHUQHWRI7KLQJVLVWROHWGHYLFHVVHQVHFRPPXQLFDWH LQWHUDFW DQG FROODERUDWH ZLWKLQ D QHWZRUN )URP WKH SHUVSHFWLYHRIPRQROLWKLFDUFKLWHFWXUHWKHWUDGLWLRQDO,R7FORXG FRPSXWLQJ SODWIRUP FRQVLVWV RI WKUHH OD\HUV >@ DV VKRZQ LQ )LJ
)LJ ,R7&ORXG&RPSXWLQJ$UFKLWHFWXUH
7KHSURWRFROOD\HUDFWVDVDJDWHZD\ DQGDFFHVVHVWKH ,R7 GHYLFHVWKURXJK0477;033RURWKHUSURSULHWDU\SURWRFROV DQG SURYLGHV$3,VDQG FRUUHVSRQGLQJ6'.V IRURWKHU,QWHUQHW
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loud Computing Platform for Energy Internet 7KHHQHUJ\LQWHUQHWFORXGFRPSXWLQJSODWIRUPDEVWUDFWVDQG XQLILHV EDFNHQG V\VWHP¶V UHTXLUHPHQWV LQ PRVW VFHQDULRV DQG LPSOHPHQWVDFRPPRQSRZHUIXOFXVWRPL]DEOH%DD6 %DFNHQG DVD6HUYLFH VHUYLFHWKURXJKFORXGHQJLQH &ORXGHQJLQHLVWKHKRVWLQJVHUYLFHODXQFKHGE\WKHHQHUJ\ LQWHUQHW FORXG FRPSXWLQJ SODWIRUP 7KH HQJLQH LV EDVHG RQ 1RGHMV UXQWLPH HQYLURQPHQW DQG DEOH WR UXQ EDFNHQG DSSOLFDWLRQV 7KH HQJLQH VXSSRUW PXOWLLQVWDQFH VHUYLFH ORDG EDODQFLQJDQGVFDOLQJ 1) Cloud functions, hooks, and background tasks (QHUJ\ ,QWHUQHW FORXG FRPSXWLQJ SODWIRUP SURYLGHV FORXG IXQFWLRQ IXQFWLRQ KRRN DQG EDFNJURXQG WDVNV 7KURXJK WKH FORXG IXQFWLRQ XVHUV FDQ HDVLO\ FXVWRPL]H WKH EXVLQHVV ORJLF EDVHG RQ GDWD LQWHUDFWLRQ DQG FDQ EH H[SRVHG WKURXJK WKH URXWLQJ LQWHUIDFH )XQFWLRQ KRRN DOORZV WKH XVHU WR GHILQH D IXQFWLRQ WKDW ZLOO EH FDOOHG ZKHQ WDUJHW HYHQW KDSSHQHG VXFK DV QHZ REMHFW VDYHG RU REMHFW PRGLILHG %DFNJURXQG WDVNV HQDEOH\RXWRVHWQRQEORFNLQJWDVNVDQGSHUIRUPWDVNVVXFKDV ELJGDWDSURFHVVLQJ 2) Realtime data streaming +773 SURWRFRO LV ZHOO NQRZQ DV WKH UHTXHVWUHVSRQVH PRGHO EXW WKLV PRGHO GRHV KDYH D ORW RI OLPLWDWLRQV ,Q PDQ\ VFHQDULRV ZH ZDQW WKH VHUYHU WR DFWLYHO\ VHQG QRWLILFDWLRQV WR WKH EURZVHU VXFK DV QRWLI\LQJ WKH EURZVHU WR UHIUHVKWKHGDWD GLVSOD\LQUHDOWLPHZKHQUHFHLYLQJQHZPHWHUGDWD+70/¶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¶ GLVWULEXWLRQ DQG VXEVFULSWLRQ 7KLV ZLOO QRW RQO\ HQVXUH WKH UHOLDELOLW\ DQG HIILFLHQF\ EXW DOVR OHW WKH ZKROHFORXGHQJLQHVFDODEOH
ШШШлйкрΌώϏϔχΒϔϚϋϘϔχϚϏϕϔχϒΎϒϋωϚϘϏωχϒχϔϊΎϔϋϘύϟΌϕϔόϋϘϋϔωϋΌΒΎΎΌлйкрϋϏϐϏϔύΌώϏϔχШШШ
,9 &203/(0(17$5@ 7KH RYHUDOO HIILFLHQF\ RI &&+3 FDQ UHDFK DURXQGa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
C. Realtime Data Streaming %DVHGRQWKH:HE6RFNHWSURWRFROXVHU VEURZVHUZLOORSHQ DORQJFRQQHFWLRQZKHQDXVHULVORDGLQJWKHZHESDJH$WWKH VDPH WLPH GDWD ZLOO VHQG WKURXJK :HE6RFNHW LQ UHDOWLPH $OVRZLWKUHDFWMV¶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
ШШШлйкрΌώϏϔχΒϔϚϋϘϔχϚϏϕϔχϒΎϒϋωϚϘϏωχϒχϔϊΎϔϋϘύϟΌϕϔόϋϘϋϔωϋΌΒΎΎΌлйкрϋϏϐϏϔύΌώϏϔχШШШ
RWKHU JUHHQ GLVWULEXWHG HQHUJ\ GHYLFHV LQWR RXU SODWIRUP WR SXVKWKHFRPELQDWLRQRIGLVWULEXWHGHQHUJ\PXOWLIRUPHQHUJ\ DQGJUHHQHQHUJ\WHFKQRORJ\GHYHORSPHQW
)LJ 'HYLFHVWDWLVWLFV
)LJ 'HYLFH/LVW
)LJ'HWDLOHG'HYLFH6WDWLVWLFV
)LJ0RQWKO\GDWDVWDWLVWLFV
)LJ &RQVXPSWLRQ+HDWPDSRI'LIIHUHQW'HYLFHV
5()(5(1&(6 >@ '$9,'*%LJ'DWD>-@1DWXUH >@ :287(5 / -2+1 : 'HDOLQJ ZLWK %LJ 'DWD >-@ 6FLHQFH >@ +DQ -LDZHL -LDQ 3HL DQG 0LFKHOLQH .DPEHU'DWD 0LQLQJ &RQFHSWV DQG7HFKQLTXHV(OVHYLHU >@ 'RQJ=KDR:HQ³)URP6PDUW*ULGWR(QHUJ\,QWHUQHW %DVLF&RQFHSW DQG 5HVHDUFK )UDPHZRUN´ $XWRPDWLRQ RI (OHFWULF 3RZHU 6\VWHPV >@ 6RQJ=KRX=KX³3UHVHQW6WDWXVDQG&KDOOHQJHVRI%LJ'DWD3URFHVVLQJ LQ6PDUW*ULG´3RZHU6\VWHP7HFKQRORJ\ >@ 1DWKDQ 0DU] %LJ 'DWD /DPEGD $UFKLWHFWXUH >(%2/@ > @ KWWS ZZZGDWDEDVHWXEHFRPGDWDEDVHELJGDWD ODPEGDDUFKLWHFWXUH >@ /L*HQJ=KHQJ³'HYHORSPHQW7HQGHQF\RI3RZHU%LJ'DWDLQ(QHUJ\ ,QWHUQHW&LUFXPVWDQFHV´0RGHUQ(OHFWULF3RZHU
)LJ %XLOGLQJVDQG'HYLFHVRQWKH0DS
ШШШлйкрΌώϏϔχΒϔϚϋϘϔχϚϏϕϔχϒΎϒϋωϚϘϏωχϒχϔϊΎϔϋϘύϟΌϕϔόϋϘϋϔωϋΌΒΎΎΌлйкрϋϏϐϏϔύΌώϏϔχШШШ
>@ /82 -XQ=KRX HW DO &ORXG &RPSXWLQJ $UFKLWHFWXUH DQG .H\ 7HFKQRORJLHV >-@ -RXUQDO RI &KLQD ,QVWLWXWH RI &RPPXQLFDWLRQV > @ 6$5((13DQNDM&ORXG&RPSXWLQJ 7\SHV$UFKLWHFWXUH$SSOLFDWLRQV &RQFHUQV 9LUWXDOL]DWLRQ DQG 5ROH RI ,7 *RYHUQDQFH LQ &ORXG >-@ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO -RXUQDO RI $GYDQFHG 5HVHDUFK LQ &RPSXWHU 6FLHQFH DQG 6RIWZDUH(QJLQHHULQJ >@ 0$&+$'2 5RGROIR (/.+2850@3UHVWHO3XEOLVKLQJ >@ 1(:0$1 6DP %XLOGLQJ 0LFURVHUYLFHV >0@ 2 5HLOO\ 0HGLD ,QF >@ =KDR ³5HVHDUFK RQ WKH &ORXG%DVHG &RPSXWLQJ 6HUYLFH 3ODWIRUP IRU WKH0HJD(\HV´7HOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQV6FLHQFH >@ /LX &XL &KHQ ³.H\ 7HFKQRORJLHV DQG $SSOLFDWLRQV RI ,QWHUQHW RI 7KLQJV´&RPSXWHU6FLHQFH >@ +XDQJ 'HQJ ³'LVFXVVLRQ RQ WKH 7HFKQRORJ\ DQG $SSOLFDWLRQ RI ,27 *DWHZD\´7HOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQV6FLHQFH >@ 4LDQ :DQJ ³,R7 7HFKQRORJ\ DQG $SSOLFDWLRQ´ $FWD (OHFWURQLFD 6LQLFD >@ 6XQ/LX/L³,QWHUQHWRI7KLQJV 6XPPDUL]HRQ&RQFHSWV$UFKLWHFWXUH DQG .H\ 7HFKQRORJ\ 3UREOHP´ -RXUQDO RI %HLMLQJ 8QLYHUVLW\ RI 3RVWV DQG7HOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQV >@ ' :X ³0XOWLSOH 2EMHFWLYH 7KHUPRG\QDPLF 2SWLPL]DWLRQ DQG $SSOLFDWLRQ6WXG\RI'LVWULEXWHG&RPELQHG&RROLQJ+HDWLQJDQG3RZHU 6\VWHP´3K''LVVHUWDWLRQ6KDQJKDL-LDRWRQJ8QLYHUVLW\ >@ :RUNVKRS ³&RPELQHG &\FOH 5HVRXUFHV LQ (5&27 1RGDO 0DUNHW´ (5&27 > @ @ )*DR³,QWHJUDWLRQRI:LQG*HQHUDWLRQZLWK6WRUDJH7HFKQLTXHV´06 7KHVLV'HSDUWPHQWRI(FRQRPLFV,RZD6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\ >@ &DR
