Biodeterioration of the Cement Composites

0 downloads 0 Views 697KB Size Report
Oct 19, 2016 - Andreas Solga, Zdenek Cerman, Boris F Striffler et al. Biodegradability of oxygen-plasma treated cellulose textile functionalized with ZnO ...
Home

Search

Collections

Journals

About

Contact us

My IOPscience

Biodeterioration of the Cement Composites

This content has been downloaded from IOPscience. Please scroll down to see the full text. 2016 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 44 052025 (http://iopscience.iop.org/1755-1315/44/5/052025) View the table of contents for this issue, or go to the journal homepage for more

Download details: IP Address: 192.30.84.203 This content was downloaded on 19/10/2016 at 13:51

Please note that terms and conditions apply.

You may also be interested in: The dream of staying clean: lotus and biomimetic surfaces Andreas Solga, Zdenek Cerman, Boris F Striffler et al. Biodegradability of oxygen-plasma treated cellulose textile functionalized with ZnO nanoparticles as antibacterial treatment Gregor Primc, Brigita Tomši, Alenka Vesel et al. Diagnostic of the conservation state in the crypt of the Abbey of Montecorona Rosella Cataldo, Giovanni Leucci, Stefano Siviero et al. Main geophysical techniques used for non-destructive evaluation in cultural built heritage: a review E Martinho and A Dionísio

World Multidisciplinary Earth Sciences Symposium (WMESS 2016) IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 44 (2016) 052025

IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/44/5/052025

%LRGHWHULRUDWLRQRIWKH&HPHQW&RPSRVLWHV $OHQD/XSWiNRYi$GULDQD(ãWRNRYi(YD0DþLQJRYi0DUWLQD .RYDOþtNRYi-DQD-HQþiURYi  

6ORYDN$FDGHP\RI6FLHQFHV,QVWLWXWHRI*HRWHFKQLFV:DWVRQRYD .RãLFH6ORYDN5HSXEOLF  7HFKQLFDO8QLYHUVLW\RI.RãLFH&LYLO(QJLQHHULQJ)DFXOW\,QVWLWXWHRI (QYLURQPHQWDO(QJLQHHULQJ9\VRNRãNROVNi.Rã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cidithiobacillus thiooxidans. ([SHULPHQWDO ZRUNV ZHUH IRFXVHG RQ WKH FRPSDULVRQ RI VSHFLDO FHPHQW FRPSRVLWHV DQG LWV UHVLVWDQFH DIIHFWHG E\ WKH DFWLYLWLHV RI XVHG VXOSKXUR[LGLVLQJ

Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd 1

World Multidisciplinary Earth Sciences Symposium (WMESS 2016) IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 44 (2016) 052025

IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/44/5/052025



EDFWHULD&HPHQWFRPSRVLWHVFRQWDLQSDUWLDOUHSODFHPHQWRIELQGHUE\]HROLWH$OO H[SHULPHQWVZHUHUHDOLVHGXQGHUWKHPRGHOODERUDWRU\FRQGLWLRQV7KHS+YDOXHV DQG FRQFHQWUDWLRQV RI &D DQG 6L LQ OLTXLG SKDVHV ZHUH REVHUYHG )URP DFKLHYHG H[SHULPHQWDO UHVXOWV LW FDQ EH FRQFOXGHG WKDW FRQFUHWH FRPSRVLWHV ZLWK SDUWLDO ELQGHU UHSODFHPHQW E\ ]HROLWH DUH RI WKH KLJKHU UHVLVWDQFH DJDLQVW WKH ELRJHQLF VXOSKXULFDFLG

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cidithiobaccillus, >@6WDQGDUG671(1±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acterial culture ,Q WKH H[SHULPHQW ZDV XVHG VXOSKXUR[LGLVLQJ EDFWHULD Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans A. thiooxidans %DFWHULDZHUHLVRODWHGIURPWKHDFLGPLQHZDWHU WKHVKDIW3HFKWKHORFDOLW\ 6PROQtN(DVWHUQ6ORYDNLD 7KHLVRODWLRQDQGIROORZLQJFXOWLYDWLRQRIWKHA. thiooxidans FOHDQ EDFWHULDO FXOWXUH ZDV UHDOLVHG XVLQJ :DNVPDQV DQG -RIIHV VHOHFWLYH QXWULHQW PHGLXPE\WKHSODWHGLOXWLRQPHWKRG>@  2.2. Concrete composites 7ZR PL[WXUHV RI FRQFUHWH PL[WXUH  DQG   ZHUH XVHG IRU WKH SUHSDUDWLRQ RI FRQFUHWH VDPSOHV IRU WKH H[SHULPHQW XVLQJ FHPHQW &(0 ,  1 7KH FRPSRVLWLRQ RI WKHVH

2

World Multidisciplinary Earth Sciences Symposium (WMESS 2016) IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 44 (2016) 052025

IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/44/5/052025

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ƒ& WR FRQVWDQW ZHLJKW EHIRUH XVH LQ WKH FXOWLYDWLRQ H[SHULPHQWV  7DEOH0L[SURSRUWLRQVRIVWXGLHGFRQFUHWHPL[WXUHV &RPSRQHQWV &HPHQW :DWHU =HROLWH 6LOLFDIXPH )UPP )UPP )UPP 3ODVWLFL]HU ZFUDWLR

&RQFUHWHPL[WXUH P    NJ NJ / /  NJ  NJ NJ NJ NJ NJ NJ NJ / /  

 2.3. Experiments of concrete composites bio-corrosion ([SHULPHQWV FDUULHG RXW LQ FRYHUHG JODVV MDUV  P/  LQ DQ DHURELF DWPRVSKHUH DW ODERUDWRU\WHPSHUDWXUH7KHYROXPHUDWLRRIFRQFUHWHVDPSOHWRWKHOLTXLGSKDVHZDVVHWWR  &RQFUHWH VDPSOHV KDV EHHQ SODFHG LQWR WKH OLTXLG SKDVH ZKLFK DW ELRWLF FRQGLWLRQV FRQVLVWHGRIWKHVHOHFWLYHQXWULHQWPHGLXPIRUEDFWHULD$WKLRR[LGDQV YRO DQGWKH LQRFXOXP RI DIRUHPHQWLRQHG EDFWHULD   YRO  ± VDPSOHV $W DQG $W  $W DELRWLF FRQGLWLRQV ZLWKRXW EDFWHULD  WKH OLTXLG SKDVH FRQVLVWHG RI WKH VHOHFWLYH QXWULHQW PHGLXP IRUEDFWHULDRQO\±VDPSOHV.$WDQG.$W7KHEDFWHULDOLQRFXOXPZDVDGGHGRQFHD GD\LQWHUYDORYHUDSHULRGRIGD\VIRUWKHVWLPXODWLRQWKHEDFWHULDJURZLQVDPSOHV $W DQG $W  S+ YDOXH RI OLTXLGV ZDV NHSW RQ RSWLPDO OHYHO IRU EDFWHULD JURZ RI  GXULQJH[SHULPHQW$IWHUHDFKGD\LPPHUVLRQSHULRGWKHFKDQJHLQS+WKHSUHVHQFHRI EDFWHULDDVZHOODVWKHFRQFHQWUDWLRQVRIFDOFLXPDQGVLOLFRQLRQVUHOHDVHGZDVPHDVXUHGLQ OHDFKDWHV  2.4. Analytical methods 7KH FKHPLFDO FRPSRVLWLRQ RI ERWK FRQFUHWH VDPSOHV DQG OHDFKDWHV ZHUH DQDO\]HG EHIRUH DQG DIWHU WKH H[SHULPHQWV E\ ;UD\ IOXRUHVFHQFH DQDO\VLV ;5)  63(&752 L4 ,,

3

World Multidisciplinary Earth Sciences Symposium (WMESS 2016) IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 44 (2016) 052025

IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/44/5/052025



$PHWHN*HUPDQ\ ZLWK6''VLOLFRQ GULIWGHWHFWRUZLWKUHVROXWLRQRIH9DW SXOVHV ZDV XVHG IRU WKH DQDO\VLV 7KH SULPDU\ EHDP ZDV SRODUL]HG E\ %UDJJ FU\VWDO DQG +LJKO\2UGHUHG3\URO\WLF*UDSKLWH+23*WDUJHW7KHVDPSOHVZHUHPHDVXUHGGXULQJ DQG  V DW YROWDJH RI  N9 DQG  N9 DW FXUUHQW RI  DQG  P$ XQGHU KHOLXP DWPRVSKHUH E\ XVLQJ WKH VWDQGDUGL]HG PHWKRG RI IXQGDPHQWDO SDUDPHWHUV S+ FKDQJHV ZHUHPHDVXUHGE\S+PHWHU)*)LYH*R 0HWWOHU7ROHGR6ZLW]HUODQG 

&RQFHQWUDWLRQRI&D PO/

5HVXOWVDQGGLVFXVVLRQV $FFRUGLQJWR6DQGHWDO>@WKHELRJHQLFDFLGVFDXVHWKHGLVVROXWLRQRIFDOFLXPFRQWDLQLQJ PLQHUDOV IURP WKH FRQFUHWH PDWULFHV )RU RI WKDW WKH FRQFHQWUDWLRQ FKDQJHV RI &D ZHUH PRQLWRUHG GXULQJ WKH H[SHULPHQWV LQ WKH OLTXLG SKDVH ,Q WKH FDVH RI WKH VDPSOH $W ZLWKRXW]HROLWH )LJXUHVKRZVWKHJUHDWKLJKHU&DUHOHDVHE\EDFWHULDA. thiooxidans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thiooxidans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

4

World Multidisciplinary Earth Sciences Symposium (WMESS 2016) IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 44 (2016) 052025

IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/44/5/052025

WKH OHVV &D UHOHDVH DW WKH DELRWLF FRQGLWLRQV VDPSOHV .$W DQG .$W  LQ WKH FRPSDULVRQZLWKWKHELRWLFFRQGLWLRQV  

$W

$W



S+

   









7LPH GD\



)LJXUH7KHFKDQJHRIWKHOLTXLGSKDVHS+ZLWKRXW $W RUZLWK $W WKHDGGLWLRQ RI]HROLWH 

)LJXUH  SUHVHQWV PHDVXUHG 6L FRQFHQWUDWLRQV LQ WKH OLTXLG SKDVHV RI VWXGLHG VDPSOHV GXULQJ  GD\V RI WKH H[SHULPHQW 7KH PXFK LQWHQVLYH OHDFKLQJ RI 6L ZDV GHWHFWHG IRU FRQFUHWH FRPSRVLWH VDPSOHV DIIHFWHG ZLWK EDFWHULD A. thiooxidans FRPSDULQJ WR DELRWLF VDPSOHV 6L$W



6L.$W

6L$W

6L.$W

&RQFHQWUDWLRQRI6L PJ/

       





















7LPH GD\



)LJXUH7KHFRQFHQWUDWLRQVRI6LLQOLTXLGSKDVHGXULQJRIWKHH[SHULPHQW  ,QWKHFDVHRIVDPSOHZLWKWKH]HROLWHDGGLWLRQZHFDQVHHWKHVXFFHVVLYHUHOHDVHRI6LE\ EDFWHULDA. thiooxidans $W IURPVWDUWWRHQGH[SHULPHQWV3UREDEO\WKLV6LOL[LYLDWLRQ

5

World Multidisciplinary Earth Sciences Symposium (WMESS 2016) IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 44 (2016) 052025

IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/44/5/052025



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cidithiobacillus thiooxidans ([SHULPHQWDO VWXGLHV FRQILUPHG  EDFWHULD Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans FDXVHG PDVVLYH &D LQWR WKH VROXWLRQ IURP WKH FRQFUHWH PDWULFHV ZLWKRXW WKH ]HROLWH DGGLWLRQ  OHDFKLQJ RI &D DQG 6L LQ SUHVHQFH RI EDFWHULD ZDV REVHUYHG KLJKHU WKDQ LQ DELRWLF HQYLURQPHQW  SUREDEO\ WKH ]HROLWH VHUYHG RI WKH EXIIHU DFWLRQ  ]HROLWH EDVHG FRQFUHWH VDPSOHV ZHUH IRXQG WR KDYH WKH EHVW SHUIRUPDQFH LQ WHUPV RI FDOFLXP LRQV OHDFKLQJ $FNQRZOHGJHPHQW 7KHZRUNZDVVXSSRUWHGE\WKH6ORYDNJUDQWDJHQF\IRUSURMHFW1R

5HIHUHQFHV >@ (FRE &5 .LQJ (6  $JJUHVVLYH XQGHUJURXQG HQYLURQPHQW IDFWRUV DIIHFWLQJ GXUDELOLW\ RI VWUXFWXUH DQG VSHFLILFDWLRQ RI DSSURSULDWH SURWHFWLYH V\VWHPV ,Q 3URFHHGLQJ RI WKH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RQIHUHQFH 8QLYHUVLW\ RI 'XQGHH,  ± >@ .DOOD 3 0LVUD $ *XSWD 5&+ &VHWHQ\L / *DKORW 9 $URUD $  0HFKDQLFDO DQG GXUDELOLW\ VWXGLHV RQ FRQFUHWH FRQWDLQLQJ ZROODVWRQLWHIO\ DVK FRPELQDWLRQ&RQVWUXFW%XLOG0DWHU >@ =LYLFD9%DM]D$$FLGLFDWWDFNRIFHPHQWEDVHGPDWHULDOVDUHYLHZ3DUW  3ULQFLSOH RI DFLGLF DWWDFN &RQVWUXFWLRQ DQG %XLOGLQJ 0DWHULDOV   ±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

6

World Multidisciplinary Earth Sciences Symposium (WMESS 2016) IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 44 (2016) 052025

>@

IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/44/5/052025

FRUURVLRQ WHVW IRU HYDOXDWLQJ WKH SHUIRUPDQFH RI FDOFLXPDOXPLQDWH EDVHG FRQFUHWHLQVHZDJHDSSOLFDWLRQV0LFURELRORJLFDOO\,QIOXHQFHV&RUURVLRQ7HVWLQJ -5.HDUQVDQG%-/LWWOH HGV $PHULFDQ6RFLHW\IRU7HVWLQJDQG0DWHULDOV 3KLODGHOSKLD3HQQV\OYDQLD86$ 'H %HOLH 1 0RQWHQ\ - %HHOGHQV $ 9LQFNH ( 9DQ *HPHUW ' 9HUVWUDHWH :  ([SHULPHQWDO UHVHDUFK DQG SUHGLFWLRQ RI WKH HIIHFW RI FKHPLFDO DQG ELRJHQLF VXOIXULF DFLG RQ GLIIHUHQW W\SHV RI FRPPHUFLDOO\ SURGXFHG FRQFUHWH VHZHUSLSHV&HPHQWDQG&RQFUHWH5HVHDUFK±

7